Ncse

Set No.
1
Code No: R42025 R10
IV B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, July/Aug - 2015
NONCONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*****
1 a) How does declination angle varies daily in a year? [7]
b) What are instruments used for measuring solar radiation? Explain the working
of any one instrument in detail. [8]
2 a) Draw the schematic of a parabolic dish system collector and explain its
working. [8]
b) A photocell has a saturation current Is = 210-2 amps, a short circuit current
Isc = 30 mA, and an area of 1 cm2. Find the maximum power output, the fill
factor, and the conversion efficiency of the cell. What resistance across the
cell is required to give the maximum output? [7]
3 a) Discuss about wind energy potential in India. What is the growth scenario in
India for wind energy with reference to other energy options? [8]
b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of Horizontal axis wind turbines? [7]
4 a) Explain the need for tracking maximum power for a wind farm. [7]
b) Draw the schematic of a standalone PV system with batter backup and explain
about the different components present in it. [8]
5 a) Discuss the possible role of biomass energy in meeting the global energy
needs. [7]
b) What are the various types of digestors in practice for anaerobic digestion of
solid organic wastes? [8]
6 Explain in detail the working of a geothermal power plant with necessary

diagrams. [15]
7 a) Explain the working of a wave energy generator with the help of a neat
schematic. [9]
b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of Tidal power generation? [6]
8 Write a short notes on

i) Carnot cycle ii) Fuel cells [15]
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Set No. 2
Code No: R42025 R10
*****
1 a) Draw the solar radiation spectrum showing the variation of spectral irradiance
with respect to wavelength and explain it. [8]
b) What is solar constant? Explain its significance. [7]
2 a) Draw the schematic of a flat plate collector and explain its working. [8]
b) A solar panel is made up of 40 silicon cells in series each of area 0.01 m 2, open
circuit voltage 0.6 V, and fill factor 0.7. The short circuit current density of a
panel under AM 1.5 illumination is 400 A m-2. With 750 kWh m-2 y-1 of solar
radiation, if an area of 8 m2 is available on a house, estimate the amount of
energy per year that could be provided by solar panels. [7]
3 a) What are the technical parameters which can be used to characterize a wind
mill rotor? [7]
b) What are the design aspects of Horizontal axis windmills? [8]
4 a) Explain how a boost converter can be used to track maximum power from a PV
source. [8]
b) Discuss the impact of blocking diode to control night time battery leakage. [7]
5 a) What are the characteristics of bio-gas? Explain its utilization for cooking
purpose. [8]
b) Classify Biomass conversion technologies based on method of decomposition
and engineering design. [7]
6 Explain different methods for harnessing Geothermal energy. [15]
7 a) Draw the schematic of a mini-hydel power plant and explain about the different
components present in it. [8]
b) Explain how power could be produced from tides. [7]

i) Betz criteria ii) Selection of Fuel cells [15]
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Set No. 3
Code No: R42025 R10
*****
1 a) Define the following terms: i) Latitude ii) Hour angle
iii) surface azimuth angle and iv) angle of incidence. [8]
b) Explain the working of Pyrheliometer for solar radiation measurement. [7]
2 a) Draw the schematic of a solar water heating system showing different

components and explain its operation. [8]
b) Explain the physical concepts involved in estimating the performance of a solar
flat plate collector. [7]
3 a) What are the factors which need to be considered for wind turbine site
selection? [7]
b) Explain the dependency of the power coefficient Cp on the tip-speed ratio . [8]
4 a) With the help of I-V characteristics of a PV module and load, explain the need
for maximum power tracking. [8]
b) A PV module is made up of 36 cells, each having a reverse saturation current I0
of 1 1010 A and a parallel resistance of 8 . The PVs provide the
equivalent of 5 A for 6 h each day. The module is connected without a
blocking diode to a battery with voltage 12.5 V.
i) How many Ah will be discharged from the battery over a 15-h night?
ii) How much energy will be lost due to this discharge?
iii) If a blocking diode is added, how much energy will be dissipated through
the diode during the daytime. Assume the diode while conducting has a
voltage drop of 0.6 V. [7]
5 What are the types of digestors used for anaerobic digestion and explain the
functioning of any digestor clearly. [15]
6 Draw the schematic of a Geothermal power plant and explain its operation. [15]
7 a) Explain the basic concepts of tides and tidal power. [7]

b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of OTEC systems? Also explain
their environmental impacts. [8]

i) Carnot cycle and its limitations ii) Working of a Fuel cell [15]
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Set No. 4
Code No: R42025 R10
*****
1 a) Define the following terms: i) Beam radiation ii) Diffuse radiation
iii) Irradiation iv) Emissive power. [8]
b) Obtain the expressions for beam radiation and diffuse radiations on inclined
surfaces. [7]
2 a) Explain the principle of photo voltaic energy conversion. [7]

b) Explain the working of Pyranometer for solar radiation measurement. [8]
3 a) Explain the parameters which characterize a wind rotor mill

i) Tip-speed ratio ii) Coefficient of performance and iii) solidity. [7]
b) Show that power coefficient Cp is 16/27 of the incident wind power for a wind
turbine. [8]
4 a) Explain the significance of using maximum power point tracking for PV systems. [8]
b) A 100-Ah, 12-V battery with a rest voltage of 12.5 V (at its current SOC) is
charged at a C/5 rate, during which time the applied voltage is 13.2 V. Using a
simple Thevenin equivalent:
i). Estimate the internal resistance of the battery.
ii). What fraction of the input power is lost in the internal resistance of the
battery?
iii). If the charging is done at a C/20 rate, what fraction of the input power
would be lost due to the internal resistance? [7]
5 a) Discuss various biomass energy conversion routes for extracting energy from
biomass. [8]
b) What is biogas? Explain how it can be produced. [7]
6 a) Discuss about the potential of Geothermal energy in India and mention the sites. [8]
b) Describe the advantages of using geothermal energy for power generation? Are
there any other applications of geothermal energy other than for generating
electricity? [7]
7 Discuss the important features of different types of Ocean thermal energy

conversion systems for energy generation. What are their advantages and
disadvantages and their environmental impact? [15]

i) Principle of Direct energy conversion ii) Mini-hydel power plant [15]
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Set No. 1
Code No: R42049 R10
REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS
(Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Instrumentation Engineering and Electronics &Computer Engineering)

*****
1 a) What is meant by scheduling mechanism? List any 4 scheduling algorithms and
explain one of them with example. [8]
b) Contrast the Hard real time system and soft real time system. [7]
2 a) Explain with your programs semaphore, Binary mutex of Vx works. [8]

b) Explain about content switchers with an example. [7]
3 Explain the case study of an embedded system for a smart card. [15]
4 How will you design an application for Adaptive Cruise Control System in Car
in detail? (Write with design and code.) [15]
5 a) List the file manipulation commands of UNIX. [8]

b) Write a shell program to find the number of uses in logged in. [7]
6 a) Explain Queue related functions. [8]

b) Explain detail about Memory allocation related functions [7]
7 a) What are the various features of VxWorks? [8]

b) Name any four interrupt service functions supported by VxWorks. [7]
8 Write short notes on:

a) OS Security Issues
b) Process Management
c) RT Linux-process management [15]
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Set No. 2
Code No: R42049 R10

*****
1 a) Explain the scheduling algorithms to a weighted round robin approach with an
example. [8]
b) What is meant by offline or online scheduling? Where do we use these
scheduling methods? [7]
2 a) What are the capabilities of a RTOS? [8]

b) Write about Interrupt Service Handling in RTOS. [7]
3 a) Explain the various multiple function calls in Embedded C [8]

b) Explain the RTOS programming tool MicroC/OS-II. [7]
4 Discuss with the diagram task synchronization model for a specific application. [15]
5 a) Write in detail about MUCOS and its features with a suitable example. [8]
b) Explain about content switchers with an example. [7]
6 How will you design an application for sending Application Layer Byte Stream
on a TCP/IP Network in detail? (Write with design and code.) [15]
7 a) What are the different types of semaphores in vx works? Which is the fastest? [8]
b) Explain multiple tasks and their functions. [7]

a) Memory Management
b) List the Features of VxWorks.
c) Scheduling of resources in RT Linux. [15]
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Set No. 3
Code No: R42049 R10

*****
1 a) What is the difference between Resource Parameters of jobs and parameters of
resources? [8]
b) Write about Interrupt Service Handling in RTOS. [7]
2 a) Explain detail about Memory allocation related functions. [8]

b) Explain briefly about mailbox related functions. [7]
3 Draw and explain basic system of an Automatic chocolate vending system [15]
4 a) Describe watch dugs and I/O system of VX works? [8]

b) Explain the RTOS programming tool MicroC/OS-II. [7]
5 a) Explain how IPCs are used in embedded system. [8]

b) Explain V works function calls for task state transition. [7]
x
6 How will you design an application to create a Smart Card in detail. (Write with
design and code.) [15]
7 a) Give the exemplary coding techniques [8]

8 a) List the file manipulation commands of UNIX. [8]

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Set No. 4
Code No: R42049 R10

*****
1 a) Contrast the Hard real time system and soft real time system. [8]
b) Discuss the important characteristics of real time systems? [7]
2 a) How does precedence given to certain tasks create bottle neck to the process
with functional parameter dependency? [8]
b) What are the capabilities of a RTOS? [7]
3 a) Describe any four commonly used approaches to Real Time Scheduling [8]
b) What are all the capabilities of commercial real time operating systems? [7]
4 a) Differentiate between mutexes vs. semaphores [8]

b) What is an Embedded system? Differentiate between embedded system and
real-time system. [7]
5 a) How can operating systems can be related to an embedded system in real time
applications. [8]
b) Write about Interrupt Service Handling in RTOS [7]
6 a) How will you design a application for Automatic Chocolate Vending Machine
in detail. (Write with design and code.) [15]
7 a) What are the different types of semaphores in vx works? Which is the fastest? [8]
b) List the file manipulation commands of UNIX. [7]

a) mailbox related functions
b) function for receiving a message from a queue
c) Needs for memory management. [15]
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Set No.

6 Explain in detail the working of a geothermal power plant with necessary

8 Write a short notes on

6 Explain different methods for harnessing Geothermal energy. [15]

8 Write a short notes on

2 a) Draw the schematic of a solar water heating system showing different

7 a) Explain the basic concepts of tides and tidal power. [7]

8 Write a short notes on

2 a) Explain the principle of photo voltaic energy conversion. [7]

3 a) Explain the parameters which characterize a wind rotor mill

7 Discuss the important features of different types of Ocean thermal energy

8 Write a short notes on

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

2 a) Explain with your programs semaphore, Binary mutex of Vx works. [8]

5 a) List the file manipulation commands of UNIX. [8]

6 a) Explain Queue related functions. [8]

7 a) What are the various features of VxWorks? [8]

8 Write short notes on:

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

2 a) What are the capabilities of a RTOS? [8]

3 a) Explain the various multiple function calls in Embedded C [8]

8 Write short notes on:

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

2 a) Explain detail about Memory allocation related functions. [8]

4 a) Describe watch dugs and I/O system of VX works? [8]

5 a) Explain how IPCs are used in embedded system. [8]

7 a) Give the exemplary coding techniques [8]

8 a) List the file manipulation commands of UNIX. [8]

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

4 a) Differentiate between mutexes vs. semaphores [8]

8 Write short notes on:

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