International Training Institute

Language Analysis
Language Area/Skill: Context:
Mysteries and oddities
MODAL VERBS

SKILLS (Which productive or receptive skills will be practised/focused on? How? Be specific with sub-skills: e.g. The Ss will
practise reading for gist by skimming the text and choosing the best title for the it and show which sub-skills you will practise in each stage.)
The Ss will be practicing reading for gist by skimming the text and choosing the correct modal(s) for various sentences.

LANGUAGE ANALYSIS: (Analyse all relevant language areas here for grammatical structures, function or vocabulary. If your
main aim is skills, you should still have some supporting language in the lesson, e.g. vocabulary)
MEANING/FORM
What is the meaning conveyed by the language you are covering? Provide model sentences.
How can you break down the form?(example sentences and highlighting of form, e.g. S + will + have + past participle)
For vocabulary, list all items you will teach, provide definitions, and parts of speech e.g. information (n - uncountable)

S + modal verb + main verb

- Should / Shouldnt / - Ought to used for obligations that are not strong it is not necessary but is a good idea or the right thing(eg You
should be nervous. You ought to be nervous.)

- Must / mustnt expresses necessity (obligation or logical necessity) (eg I mustnt go in there. Hes not answering his phone, so he must be
asleep.)
*have to and have got to are similar but usually express external obligation versus musts normal internal obligation.
* dont have to expresses that something is not necessary. Mustnt expresses not allowed to.
* Cant expresses the logically impossible.

- Can expresses ability (She can scream), permission (You can go), general possibility (It can be a sign of stress.)

- Could expresses ability (She could disappear when she wanted), permission (Could you leave us alone for a minute?), or present/future
possibility (He could be gone.)

- May - generally expresses possibility in two ways: permission (first person, formal) (May I go now?) or present / future possibility (He may
be coming now.)

- Might expresses present/future possibility (We might see you again.) and reported speech as the past of may (He said she might come.)
*Also, old-fashioned permission (Might I?)

When the continuous form follows these modals it indicates that the action is happening now.
Checking meaning script any Concept Questions & responses that you will use, including timelines, clines etc where appropriate,
or refer to visuals to be used, e.g. for vocabulary.
CCQs
With should, is the obligation strong or not? (not strong) Is it a good idea though? (yes) Is ought to the same or different than
should?
With must, is the obligation strong or weak? (strong) Is this only for commands or can it also be used for logical necessity?
(both)
With can, how many things can be expressed? (3) What are they? Ability, permission, general possibility
With could, how many things can be expressed? (3) What are they? Ability, permission, present/future possibility
With may, how many things can be expressed? (2) What are they? Permission or present/future possibility
With might, how many things can be expressed? (2) What are they? Present/future possibility & reported speech of (past) may

PRONUNCIATIONconsider weak forms, stress and intonation. For vocabulary, transcribe items phonemically, and show stress as
appropriate when you list items in meaning and form. How will you focus on pronunciation? e.g. drilling, conducting stress

e.g. information /nfmenn |/

 International Training Institute
d (weak form - d)
t t
mst
hv t
kn (weak form kn)
kd
me
mat
 International Training Institute

WHITEBOARD PLANS (show your overall w/b plan here or break it down for stages of
the lesson

Vocabulary
Model Sentences and Grammar