Chapter # 03 MOTION Physics -XI

Topic: Motion in one dimension

Motion in a straight line Motion under Gravity

Important Formulae
1st Equation of Motion
Vf = Vi + at Vf = Vi + gt

2nd Equation of Motion

S = Vit + at2 h = Vit+ gt2

3rd Equation of Motion

2as = Vf2 -Vi2 2gh = Vf2 - Vi2
Motion in a straight line
1. As the traffic light turns green, a car starts from rest with a constant acceleration of 4 ms -2. At the same time, a
motorcyclist travelling with a constant speed of 36 km/h, overtakes and passes the car. Find
(a) How far beyond the starting point will the car overtakes the motorcyclist?
(b) What will be speed of the car at the time when it overtakes the motorcycle? [Example # 3.1, P 60]

2. A car is waiting at a traffic signal and when it turns green, the car starts ahead with a constant acceleration of
2 ms-2. At the same time a bus travelling with a constant
speed of 10 ms-1 overtakes and passes the car.
(a) How far beyond its starting point will the car
overtakes the bus?
(b) How fast will the car be moving?[Problem # 02, P 93]

3. A car is waiting at a traffic signal and when it turns green,

the car starts ahead with a constant acceleration of 3 ms-2.
At the same time a bus travelling with a constant speed of
20 ms-1 overtakes and passes the car.
(a) How far beyond its starting point will the car
overtakes the bus?
(b) What will be speed of the car at the time? [2013]

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4. A car starts from the rest and moves with a constant acceleration. During the 5 th second of its motion, it covers a
distance of 36 m. Calculate
(a) acceleration of the car? (b) total distance covered by the car during this time? [Example 3.2, P 62, 2003,2016]

5. A car starts from the rest and moves with a constant acceleration. During the 4 th second of its motion, it covers a
distance of 24 m. Calculate
(a) acceleration of the car? (b) total distance covered by the car during this time? [2014]

6. A mini bus starts from the position of rest at a bus stop with a uniform acceleration. During the 10 th minute of its
motion, it covers a distance of 950 m. Calculate its acceleration and the total distance during this time.
[1994, 2004]

Motion under Gravity

1. A boy throws a ball upward from the top of a cliff with a speed of 14.7 m/s. On the way down it just misses the
thrower and fall the ground 49 meters below. Find:
(a) How long the ball rises?
(b) How high it goes?
(c) How long it is in the air?
(d) With what velocity it strikes the ground? [Problem # 4, P 94, 2008]

2. A ball is thrown vertically upward with a velocity of 98 m/s. Find:

(a) How high does the ball rise?
(b) How long does it take to reach its highest point?
(c) How long does the ball remain in air?
(d) With what speed does the ball return to the ground? [Example 3.4, P 65]

3. A boy throws a ball upward from the top of a tower with a speed of 12 m/s. On the
way down it just misses the thrower and falls on the ground 50 m below. Find how
long the ball remains in the air. [2008]

4. A boy throws a ball vertically upward with a speed of 25 m/s. On its way down, it is
caught at a point 5 m above the ground. How fast was it coming down at this point?
How long did the trip take? [1996, 2007]

5. A stone is thrown vertically upward. If it takes 30 seconds to return to the ground,

how high does the stone go? [1991]

6. A ball is dropped from the top of a tower. If it takes 5s to hit the ground, find the
height of the tower and with what velocity will it strike the ground.
[Example 3.3, P 64]

7. A stone is dropped from the peak of a hill. It covers a distance of 30 m in the last
second of its motion. Find the height of the peak. [2013]

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 Topic : Momentum
1. Define linear momentum. State and prove the law of conservation of momentum. Prove that force acting on a body
is equal to the rate of change of linear momentum of the body.
[1992, 1994,1997,1999,2001,2002,2003,2005,2007]

2. Define elastic collision in one dimension. Give the difference between elastic and inelastic collision.
[1994,1997,1998,1999,2004,2010,2012]

3. Two spherical bodies of different masses m1 and m2 moving with different velocities U1 and U2 respectively in one
direction collide elastically with one another. Find expression for the final velocities of the two bodies after
collision. [1991,1994,2000,2002,2004,2006,2008,2010,2012,2014,2016]

Law of Conservation of Momentum

Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision

+ = +

Elastic Collision in one dimension

( ) ( )
V1 = + V2 = +
+ + + +

Case I Case II
When a body collides with second body of the same mass When a body collides with second body of the same
mass at rest

Case III Case IV

When a lighter body collides with a very heavy body at When a very heavy body collides with a lighter body
rest at rest

Law of Conservation of Momentum

1. A car of mass 1200 kg is brought to rest from a speed of 20 m/s by a constant force of 3000 N. Calculate the change
in momentum produced by the force and the time taken by the car to come to rest.

2. A bullet having a mass of 0.005 kg is moving with a speed of 100 m/s, it penetrates into a bag of sand and is brought
to rest after moving 25 cm into the bag. Find the deaccelerating force on the bullet. Also calculate the time in which
it is brought to rest. [Problem # 6, P 94]

3. A 100 g bullet is fired into a 12 kg block which is suspended by a long cord. If the bullet is imbedded in the block
and the block rise by 5 cm. What was the speed of the bullet. [1997]

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4. A 50 grams bullet is fired into a 10 kg block that is suspended
by a long cord so that it can swing as a pendulum. If the block
is displaced so that its center of gravity rises by 10 cm, what
was the speed of the bullet? [Problem # 12, P 95, 1999, 2011]

5. A 100 grams bullet is fired from a 10 kg gun with a speed of

1000 m/s. What is the speed of recoil of the gun.
[Problem # 11, P 95, 2002, 2004, 2015]

6. A 150 gm bullet is fired from 15 Kg gun with speed of 1500 m/s. What is the speed of recoil of the gun.
[2003, 2007]

7. A machine gun fires 10 bullets per second into a target. Each bullet weighs 20 gm had a speed of 1500 m/s. Find
the force necessary to hold the gun in position. [Problem # 13, P 95]

8. A machine gun fires 20 bullet per second into a target. Each bullet of mass 10 gm and has a speed of 1500 m/s. Find
the force necessary to hold the gun in position. [2002]

9. A black ball of mass 2 kg moving at velocity of 10 m/s collide with a stationary white ball of mass 3 kg. Find their
common velocity if they stick together after collision?

10. An arrow of mass 0.1 Kg is shot into an apple of mass 0.2 kg which is resting on the top of a wall. At the moment
of impact the arrow is travelling horizontally at 15 m/s, calculate the common speed of the arrow and the apple
immediately after impact.

11. A car of mass 1600 kg moving with an initial velocity of 18 m/s hits another stationary car of mass 1400 kg and
they lock together. With what velocity do they move after an elastic collision. [2008 S]

Elastic Collision
1. A 100 gm golf ball moving with a velocity of 20 m/s collides with a 8 kg steel ball at rest. If the collision is elastic
, compute the velocities of both balls after the collision. [2004, 2006]

2. A 10 gm ball moving with velocity of 10 m/s collides with a 30 gm ball at rest on a smooth horizontal surface.
Calculate the velocity of the second ball if the first one bounces back with a velocity of 5 m/s. [1986]

Topic : Friction
1. A car weighing 9800 N is moving at 25 m/s if the frictional force acting on it is 2000 N, how fast is the car moving
when it has traveled 60 m. [2002]

2. A car weighing 19600 N is moving at 25 m/s if the frictional force acting on it is 4000 N, how fast is the car moving
when it has traveled 30 m.

3. An object weighing 98 N is dropped from a height of 10 m. It is found to be moving with a velocity of 12 m/s just
before it hits the ground. How large was the frictional force acting upon it? [2012]

Special Questions
1. A 12 kg gun is mounted on wheels. Shot a 100 gm projectile with a missile velocity of 1800 m/s at angle of 60
above the horizontal. Find the horizontal recoil velocity of the gun. [1992]

2. In a translatory motion, it is not necessary for a body to move in a straight line. Discuss the statement. [2012]

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 Topic: Motion of bodies connected by a string

Case No. 1 Case No. 2

When both the bodies moves vertically When one body moves vertically and the other moves
on smooth horizontal surface

For Acceleration
( )
a = ( a=
+ ) ( + )

For Tension

T= T=
( + ) ( + )
Question
Two unequal masses connected by a string passing over Two bodies of masses m1 and m2 are attached with
a frictionless pulley to move vertically. Find the the ends of a string which passes over a frictionless
expressions for the tension in the string and the pulley such that the mass m2 is placed on a smooth
acceleration of the system. horizontal surface and the mass m1 moves vertically
[2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2013, 2014] downwards. Calculate the acceleration of the system
and the tension in the string.
[2000,2001,2011,2015]
Numerical
1. Two bodies A and B attached to the ends of a string 2. Two bodies A and B are attached to the ends of a
which passes over a pulley, so that the two hang string which passes over a pulley so that the two hang
vertically. If the mass of the body A is 4.8 Kg, find vertically. If the mass of the body A is 2 Kg, find the
the mass of body B which moves down with an mass of body B which moves down with an
acceleration of 0.2 m/s2. [Problem # 09] acceleration of 4.9 m/s2. [2001]

3. Two bodies A and B are attached to the ends of a
string which passes over a pulley so that the two hang
vertically. If the mass of the body A is 96 Kg, find the
mass of body B which moves down with an
acceleration of 0.2 m/s2. [1998]
4. Two bodies of masses 0.5 Kg and 5.5 Kg are attached
to the ends of a string which passes over a pulley, so
that the two bodies hang vertically. Find the
acceleration and tension in the string. [2008]

5. Two bodies A and B are attached to the ends of a
string which passes over a pulley so that the two hang
vertically. If the mass of the body A is 5 Kg and that
of body B is 4.8 kg. Find the acceleration and tension
in the string. [Example from book]
6. Two bodies of unequal masses (M and m) connected
to the ends of a string, which passes over a frictionless
pulley to move vertically. Derive an expression to
show that acceleration in the bodies is half due to
gravity if M = 3m. [2003]
Topic: Inclined Plane
7. Two bodies of masses 10.2 Kg and 4.5 Kg are
attached to the two ends of a string which passes over
a pulley in such a way that the body of mass 10.2 kg
lies on a smooth horizontal surface and the other
body hangs vertically. Find the acceleration of the
bodies, the tension of the string and the force which
the surface exerts on the body of mass 10.2 Kg.
[Problem #10, 2001, 2000]
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 Body accelerating down Body accelerating upward

Formulae
If force of friction is considered
ma = F-W sin - f
a = g sin -
If force of Friction is neglected
a = g sin a = -g sin
Particular Cases
Case I Case II
When = 0 When = 90
a = g sin 0 (sin 0 = 0) a = g sin 90 (sin 90 = 1)
a=0 a=g
Question
1. Derive an expression for acceleration of a body of mass m moving down, a plane of inclination having
friction f. [2000, 2002, 2003, 2003 S, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2013, 2015]

2. It is observed that all the bodies sliding down a frictionless inclined plane have the same acceleration. How does
it happen? Explain. [2004, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2016]

Numerical
1. A motor car is moving up a slope of 30 with a velocity of 72 km/hr, suddenly the engine fails. How much
distance will the car move before coming to rest. Assume friction to be negligible. [2000]

2. The engine of a car moving up 45 slope with a speed of 63 km/hr stop working suddenly. How far will the car
move before coming to rest. Assume friction to be negligible. [Problem # 15]

3. A cyclist is going up a slope of 30 with a speed of 3.5 m/s. If he stops pedaling, how much distance will he
move before coming to rest? Assume friction to be negligible. [Problem # 14]

4. The engine of a car moving up 45 slope with a speed of 63 km/hr stop working suddenly. Find the distance that
the car moves before coming to rest, if its weight 19600 N and the frictional force is 2000 N. Assume friction to
be negligible. [Problem # 16]

5. An inclined plane makes an angle of 40 with the horizontal. A body weighing 4000 N initial at rest, moves
down the slope. Calculate the distance travelled by the body in 5 second if force of friction is 1500 N.

6. A truck starts from rest at the top of a slope which is 1 m high and 49 m long. Find its acceleration and speed at
the bottom of the slope assuming that friction is negligible. [Example # 3.7]

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