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Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell
Note the lack of nucleus, DNA free floating DO HAVE a membrane-bound nucleus
DO HAVE cell membrane, ribosomes, and DO HAVE membrane-bound organelles: mitochondria,
cell wall (sometimes) chloroplasts (plants), cell wall (plants), smooth and
rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus,
lysosomes, vacuoles, etc.
Lots of internal
membrane-
bound
structures!
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Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have
this cell membrane
Holds the CYTOPLASM inside the cell and
keeps unwanted things out of the cell
Gives cells their shape and flexibility
Helps to maintain HOMEOSTASIS by
allowing certain substance to flow in and out
of the cell SELECTIVE PERMIABILITY
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Water
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Fluid Mosaic Model
Cell Walls
Located outside the cell membrane
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Nucleus
Control Center of the cell
Chromatin in the Nucleus
Contains CHROMATIN (loose DNA)
Bundles into CHROMOSOMES when cell is ready to
divide (it packs before moving) Directs PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Contains a NUCLEOLUS, which is made up of a (building proteins)
mass of nucleotides used for making DNA and
RNA It contains the blueprints for the
organism; this is the DNA
Chromatin Chromosomes
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and
Outside the Nucleus: Ribosomes
The Cytoplasm
Lots of action!
Many organelles and ribosomes are
floating around
Cytoplasm includes organelles and the
gel-like fluid they are suspended in
After leaving the ER, proteins are often sent to the Golgi
for folding and finishing.
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Golgi Apparatus
Smooth and
Rough ER
Lysosomes:
Small sacs full of hydrolytic (digestive)
enzymes
Break apart (digest) foreign substances Golgi Apparatus And Lysosomes
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Vacuoles Vacuoles
Used for storage
Waste products
Food and water
Enzymes, etc.
In plants, this is usually very large, called a
central vacuole
Mitochondrion Mitochondrion
plural = mitochondria
The powerhouse of the cell
Double membrane
Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Releases energy from food molecules
Creates ATP, an energy containing molecule that
acts as a battery to power other cell reactions
ATP is the energy currency of the cell
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Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Chloroplast Chloroplast
Only found in green plant cells
Trap energy from sunlight to build food
molecules
Stored for later use
Double membrane
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The Cytoskeleton Centrioles
Centrioles are short
The eukaryotic cytoskeleton is a network of cylinders made of
microfilaments and microtubules that microtubules.
extends from the nucleus to the plasma (cell)
Centrioles are only found
membrane. in animal cells and are
involved in building and
Microfilaments and microtubules: taking apart microtubules
Give cell its shape during cell division and in
Help organelles move within the cell the organization of cilia
Help the cell move and flagella.
Cilia andFlagella
Cilia (small and numerous) and flagella (large and
single) are made of microtubules and are involved
End of Show
in cell movement.
Extra pictures follow
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Animal Cell Anatomy Plant Cell Anatomy
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