Notes:

The Commissioner of Internal Revenue has been given the broad powers under the
Tax Code in order to effectively enforce tax laws and collect the needed revenues.
These powers include:

SEC. 6. Power of the Commissioner to Make Assessments and

Prescribe Additional Requirements for Tax Administration and
Enforcement.

(E) Authority of the Commissioner to Prescribe Real Property Values. -

The Commissioner is hereby authorized to divide the Philippines into
different zones or areas and shall, upon consultation with competent
appraisers both from the private and public sectors, determine the fair
market value of real properties located in each zone or area. For
purposes of computing any internal revenue tax, the value of the
property shall be, whichever is the higher of:

(1) The fair market value as determined by the Commissioner;

or

(2) The fair market value as shown in the schedule of values of

the Provincial and City Assessors.

To clarify the basis for the imposition of tax on sale, exchange or other disposition of
real property, whether classified as capital asset or ordinary asset the BIR
issued Revenue Memorandum Circular No. 27-2017 (RMC 27-2017) which is a
substantial reproduction of Section 6 (E) of the Tax Code.

Accordingly, RMC 27-2017 applies to Section 24 (D)(1) and 27 (D)(5) of the Tax
Code.

Section 24(D)(1) Capital Gains from Sale of Real Property. -

In General. - The provisions of Section 39(B) notwithstanding, a final

tax of six percent (6%) based on the gross selling price or current
fair market value as determined in accordance with Section
6(E) of this Code, whichever is higher, is hereby imposed upon
capital gains presumed to have been realized from the sale, exchange,
or other disposition of real property located in the Philippines,
classified as capital assets, including pacto de retro sales and other
forms of conditional sales, by individuals, including estates and trusts:
Provided, That the tax liability, if any, on gains from sales or other
dispositions of real property to the government or any of its political
subdivisions or agencies or to government-owned or controlled
 corporations shall be determined either under Section 24 (A) or under
this Subsection, at the option of the taxpayer;

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(D) Rates of Tax on Certain Passive Incomes. -

(5) Capital Gains Realized from the Sale, Exchange or

Disposition of Lands and/or Buildings. - A final tax of six percent
(6%) is hereby imposed on the gain presumed to have been realized on
the sale, exchange or disposition of lands and/or buildings which are
not actually used in the business of a corporation and are treated as
capital assets, based on the gross selling price or fair market
value as determined in accordance with Section 6(E) of this
Code, whichever is higher, of such lands and/or buildings.

Discussion:

Section 6(E) only mentions fair market value as determined by the Commissioner or
fair market value as shown in the schedule of values of the Provincial and City
Assessors, whichever is higher. On the other hand, Section 24(D)(1) and Section
27(D)(5) mention gross selling price or current fair market value as determined in
accordance with Section 6(E). To harmonize, we have to construe these three
provisions together. In imposing the tax on the sale, exchange or other disposition
of real property, we have three values to consider:

1. Gross Selling Price (which is total amount of money or its equivalent which the
purchaser pays or is obligated to pay to the seller in consideration of the sale, barter
or exchange of the goods or properties);

2. The fair market value as determined by the Commissioner; and

3. The fair market value as shown in the schedule of values of the

Provincial and City Assessors.