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Pressure Ratio
2 2
=1+ (2 sin2 1)
1 +1 1
2 2
= 1+ (2 2 1) ()
1 +1 1
2 ( + 1) + 1 +1 2 1 1
( ) (
+ ( ) + ( 2 2 )) 2 2 = 0
2 4 4 1 1
( + 1) ( + 1) ( + 1) + 1 2 1 1
2 = ( + ( ) + 2 2 ) 2 + 2 ()
2 4 2 4 1 1
2 2 2
( + 1) ( + 1) ( + 1) + 1 2 1 1
=1+ [1 {( + ( ) + 2 2 ) 2 + 2 } 1]
1 +1 2 4 2 4 1 1
2 ( + 1) ( + 1) ( + 1) + 1 2 1
= 1+ [{( + ( ) + 2 2 ) 12 2 + 1} 1]
+1 2 4 2 4 1
2 ( + 1) ( + 1) ( + 1) + 1 2 1
= 1+ [( + ( ) + 2 2 ) 12 2 ]
+1 2 4 2 4 1
( + 1) 2 2 +1 2 1
= 1+
1 + ( ( ) + 2 2 ) 12 2 ()
4 4 1
Pressure Coefficient
2 2 2 ( + 1) 2 +1 2 1
= ( 1) = [{1 + + (( ) + 2 ) 2 } 1]
2 2 4 4
1 1 1
2 2 ( + 1) 2 +1 2 1
= {
+( ( ) + 2) 2}
2 4 4
( + 1) +1 2 1
= 2 {2
+( ( ) + 2 )} ()
4 4
= (, ) ()
2
+1 1 2
() = [tan1 ( 1)] tan1 2 1 ()
1 +1
In the case of infinite Mach number it will attain a maximum value of:
+1
() = ( 1) = 130.45 for = 1.4 ()
2 1
Now applying the hypersonic limits, we have been applying on the other wave equations, i.e. for
very high value of Mach number 2 1 . We can write the above equation as:
+1 1
() = (tan1 ) tan1 ()
1 +1
1
tan1 = tan1 ()
2
1 1 1 1 1
tan1 = 3+ 5 7+
3 5 7
1 1 1 1
tan1 = + 3 5 + 7 ()
2 3 5 7
+1 +1 1 1
() = ( + ) ( + ) ()
1 2 1 2
+ 1 +1 1 1
() = ( ) +
12 1 2
1 +1 1 + 1
() = ( ) +
1 12 2
+ 1 2 1
() = ( )
12 2 1
2 1 1
= ( ) ()
1 1 2
Pressure Ratio
1 2 1
1 +
2
=( 2 1 ) ()
1 1
1 + 2 22
For the large enough Mach number, the hypersonic approximation becomes:
2 1 21
=( ) ()
1 2
1 1
=1 1 ()
2 2
It is very useful and handy relation between upstream and downstream Mach numbers when the
deflection angle is given. Now the pressure ratio can also be expressed using this Mach number
ratio as below:
21
2 1
= (1 1 )
1 2
2 1 21
= (1 ) ()
1 2
2 ( + 1) 2 +1 2 1
=1+ + (( ) + 2 ) 2 ()
1 4 4
Pressure Coefficient
Now considering the coefficient of pressure:
2 2 2 1 21
= ( 1) = [(1 ) 1] ()
12 1 12 2
2 2 1 21
= [(1 ) 1] ()
2 2
So for the pressure coefficient again we got some equation which is very much analogous to what
we have obtained for the shock relation and again the assumptions are bit more in the case of shock
derivation.
= (, ) ()
2