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org/content/103/51/19430
Author Affiliations
1. Communicated by Dennis A. Carson, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA,
October 25, 2006 (received for review July 25, 2006)
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Abstract
A fundamental step in the analysis of gene expression and other high-dimensional genomic data is
the calculation of the similarity or distance between pairs of individual samples in a study. If one has
collected N total samples and assayed the expression level of G genes on those samples, then an N
N similarity matrix can be formed that reflects the correlation or similarity of the samples with
respect to the expression values over the G genes. This matrix can then be examined for patterns
via standard data reduction and cluster analysis techniques. We consider an alternative to
conventional data reduction and cluster analyses of similarity matrices that is rooted in traditional
linear models. This analysis method allows predictor variables collected on the samples to be related
to variation in the pairwise similarity/distance values reflected in the matrix. The proposed
multivariate method avoids the need for reducing the dimensions of a similarity matrix, can be used
to assess relationships between the genes used to construct the matrix and additional information
collected on the samples under study, and can be used to analyze individual genes or groups of
genes identified in different ways. The technique can be used with any high-dimensional assay or
data type and is ideally suited for testing subsets of genes defined by their participation in a
biochemical pathway or other a priori grouping. We showcase the methodology using three
published gene expression data sets.
analysis of variance
high-dimensional data
Footnotes
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nschork@ucsd.edu
Author contributions: M.A.Z. and N.J.S. designed research, performed research, analyzed
data, and wrote the paper.
http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v21/n7/full/mp2015149a.html
Volume 22, No 2
February 2017
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Depressive symptoms are common in multiple psychiatric disorders and are frequent
sequelae of trauma. A dimensional conceptualization of depression suggests that symptoms
should be associated with a continuum of deficits in specific neural circuits. However, most
prior investigations of abnormalities in functional connectivity have typically focused on a
single diagnostic category using hypothesis-driven seed-based analyses. Here, using a
sample of 105 adult female participants from three diagnostic groups (healthy controls,
n=17; major depression, n=38; and post-traumatic stress disorder, n=50), we examine the
dimensional relationship between resting-state functional dysconnectivity and severity of
depressive symptoms across diagnostic categories using a data-driven analysis
(multivariate distance-based matrix regression). This connective-wide analysis identified
foci of dysconnectivity associated with depression severity in the bilateral amygdala.
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https://leftbrainrightbrain.co.uk/2009/09/24/fever-plus-mitochondrial-disease-could-be-risk-factors-for-
autistic-regression/
Definitions for regression(noun)(psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which you flee from reality by
assuming a more infantile state
Fever Plus Mitochondrial Disease Could Be
Risk Factors for Autistic Regression
24Sep
Autism, regression, mitochondrial disease and vaccines. With a combination like that, this paper
is likely going to be very important.
Fever Plus Mitochondrial Disease Could Be Risk Factors for Autistic Regression
Autistic spectrum disorders encompass etiologically heterogeneous persons, with many genetic
causes. A subgroup of these individuals has mitochondrial disease. Because a variety of
metabolic disorders, including mitochondrial disease show regression with fever, a retrospective
chart review was performed and identified 28 patients who met diagnostic criteria for autistic
spectrum disorders and mitochondrial disease. Autistic regression occurred in 60.7% (17 of 28),
a statistically significant increase over the general autistic spectrum disorder population (P < .
0001). Of the 17 individuals with autistic regression, 70.6% (12 of 17) regressed with fever and
29.4% (5 of 17) regressed without identifiable linkage to fever or vaccinations. None showed
regression with vaccination unless a febrile response was present. Although the study is small, a
subgroup of patients with mitochondrial disease may be at risk of autistic regression with fever.
Although recommended vaccinations schedules are appropriate in mitochondrial disease, fever
management appears important for decreasing regression risk.
The authors note neurologic regression in general (not just autistic regression) is observed with
patients who have metabolic diseases:
Patients with mitochondrial diseases, like many patients with metabolic diseases, are at increased
risk of neurologic regression in conjunction with stressors such as fever, infection, and
dehydration.
They studied 28 patients who met DSM-IV criteria for autism and diagnostic criteria for
mitochondrial disease.
Autistic regression was defined as loss of developmental skills that included speech, receptive
skills, eye contact, and social interests in individuals years of age. A relationship between
fever and autistic regression is defined as regression beginning within 2 weeks of a febrile
episode without the suggestion of infectious meningitis or encephalitis.
One commentthe definition of regression is somewhat vague to me. What is also critically
important in this discussion is whether there were any signs of autism before the regression. Or,
as some may put it, is this regression into autism or autistics undergoing regression? Is there a
mix of pathways?
They state that 17 of the 28 patients studied underwent an autistic regression. This is higher than
the roughly 25% value for autistic regression they assumed for the general autism population,
and statistically significant.
In other words, they are saying that autistic regression may occur more often with kids with
mitochondrial diseases.
The 17 individuals with autistic regression could be divided into 2 groups, those who regressed
with fever (70.6%, 12 of 17) and those who regressed without identifiable linkage to fever or
vaccinations (29.4%, 5 of 17).
And,
No individual showed regression with vaccination unless a febrile response was present.
They discuss the concerns with vaccination in the conclusion, noting that vaccination is still
recommended for children with mitochondrial diseases. My experience in discussing this issue
with mitochondrial disease experts is that they find vaccination to be extremely important. If, for
some reason, they decide to not vaccinate a child with mitochondrial disease, they insure that all
family members are vaccinated to protect the child.
Children with identified mitochondrial diseases are routinely managed carefully by their
physicians with aggressive fever control and hydration. In this context, vaccination of children
with mitochondrial diseases is recommended. In our experience, the vast majority of patients
with mitochondrial diseases receives a full vaccination schedule according to American
Academy of Pediatric guidelines without consequences, particularly when physicians are
sensitive to fever control and hydration. In our patients with mitochondrial disease and autistic
spectrum disorders, the vaccines did not appear related to the neurologic regression.
I will note again that I feel autistic regression as defined is too vague. Were the patients on the
spectrum before the regression? Were they typically developing before the regression?
At least two children were noted to have multiple regressions (a sibling pair). That indicates that
at least in some cases, regressions occurred in people already autistic. There just isnt other
information on this.
This is a big question to me. While the spotlight has been shown on the possibility of
mitochondrial disorders being linked to autistic regression, the more general question is more
important: could fevers induced by vaccination result in any regression (autistic or otherwise) in
people with mitochondrial disorders.
Another question in my mind in this study. Are there patients who underwent regression from
non-autistic to autistic) after age 3? According to the Johns Hopkins group, this doesnt happen.
According to them, there is an age window where the regressions could result in autism. This is a
very important question in how these patients might fit in to the broader spectrum of autism.
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regression-&oq=sins+that-cause-mitochondria-regression-
&gs_l=serp.12...19235.49614.0.68987.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0..0.0....0...1c.1.64.serp..0.0.0.y1TTKlsrchk
Search Results
CDC | Mitochondrial Disease | Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD ...
www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/mitochondrial-faq.html
1. Cached
2. Similar
Feb 26, 2015 - There are many types of mitochondrial disease, and they can affect
different ... may have some of the symptoms/signs of autism, or; may not have any ...
have had regression and some have had a regressive encephalopathy.
What is mitochondria disease? What does it have to do with autism ...
https://www.autismspeaks.org/node/113411
1. Cached
2. Similar
As a result, mitochondrial disorders can produce a wide variety of symptoms. ... and
underlying mitochondrial dysfunction experienced regression following a ...
Missing: sins
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Audio Player
http://kcorradio.com/KCOR/Podcasts/Divine-Paradigm/2016/March/Ken-Johnston-
Bret-Sheppard-Anomilies-On-The-Moon-Divine-Paradigm-Dr-Sasha-Lessin-Janet-
Kira-Lessin-KCOR-Digital-Radio-Network.mp3
00:00
02:11
21:38
Use Up/Down Arrow keys to increase or decrease volume.
Click arrow above.
ANDREW BASIAGO REVEALS MARS TRANSPORT, TIME TRAVEL & ROLE OF CIA OPERATIVE
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Listen to Andrew D. Basiago ~ 03-27-2016 ~ Sacred Matrix on Spreaker.
http://www.spreaker.com/user/aquarianradio/andrew-basiago-alfred-webre-01-03-
2016_2https://www.spreaker.com/user/aquarianradio/andrew-d-basiago-interview-09-21-14