X-Ray Generator PDF

July 2003
X-ray Generators
R/F, and tomographic procedures. The control panel
Scope of this Product Comparison also operates auxiliary devices such as film changers,
photospot cameras, and automatic exposure controls
This Product Comparison covers x-ray generators
(AECs).
designed for use as part of general-purpose radio-
graphic, radiographic/fluoroscopic (R/F), to-
mographic, angiographic/interventional R/F, and Principles of operation
cardiac catheterization R/F imaging systems. For
The major components of an x-ray generator are the
related information, see the following Product
control panel and the transformer assembly (see Fig. 1).
Comparisons:
The control panel permits the selection of technique
Radiographic Systems, Film; Digital factors for radiographic or fluoroscopic examinations and
Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Systems, Angiog- the initiation of radiographic exposures. The trans-
raphic/Interventional; Cardiovascular former assembly contains transformers, rectifiers, and
Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Systems, General-
Purpose; Cameras, Radiographic Photospot
Radiographic/Tomographic Systems, Linear
UMDNS information
This Product Comparison covers the following de-
vice term and product code as listed in ECRIs
Universal Medical Device Nomenclature System
(UMDNS):
X-ray Generators [16-602]
Purpose
X-ray generators modify incoming voltage and cur-
rent to provide an x-ray tube with the power needed to
produce an x-ray beam of the desired peak kilovoltage
(kVp) and current (mA). The generator supplies con-
tinuous power to the x-ray tube for fluoroscopic exami-
nations, and its switching and timing devices ensure
proper timing for discrete radiographic exposures.
The x-ray generator control panel allows the selec-
tion of technique factors for different radiographic, X-ray generator console
193245 5200 Butler Pike, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462-1298, USA

424-010 Telephone +1 (610) 825-6000 Fax +1 (610) 834-1275 E-mail hpcs@ecri.org
A NONPROFIT AGENCY
Healthcare Product Comparison System
x-ray tube; another circuit containing a step-down

transformer supplies power to heat the filament of the
Line Voltage Control Panel x-ray tube. An autotransformer, a specialized type of
variable transformer that includes a single coil of wire
kV Selector wrapped around an iron core, supplies the voltage for
Autotransformer Timer Controls these two circuits and provides a location for the kVp
meter, which indicates the voltage applied across the
mA Selector
x-ray tube.
Rectification
Transformer Assembly
Rectifiers in the transformer assembly convert AC
into the direct current (DC) required by the x-ray tube
High-Voltage (see Fig. 2). A rectifier restricts current flow in an x-ray
Circuit Filament
Circuit tube to one direction (from cathode to anode), thereby
Timer Circuit preventing damage to the x-ray tube filament. There
are two types of rectification half wave and full
C156UN1A wave; all x-ray generators listed in the chart use full-
X-ray Tube wave rectification. Typically, in half-wave rectifica-
tion, two rectifiers are connected in series with the
x-ray tube, with one on either side. As a result, elec-
Figure 1. X-ray generator components trons can flow from cathode to anode during the first
half of each AC cycle but are blocked during the second
half-cycle. In full-wave rectification, two pairs of recti-
three major circuits the high-voltage circuit, the
fiers are configured to operate alternately, and elec-
filament circuit, and the timer circuit that supply
trons flow from cathode to anode during both halves of
the x-ray tube with the necessary power to produce
the AC cycle in a pulsating current. While both vac-
an x-ray beam of the desired voltage, current, and
uum-tube and solid-state rectifiers are available, solid-
duration.
state silicon rectifiers are now most widely used.
Transformers modify the voltage of incoming alter-
nating-current (AC) electrical signals to increase or Depending on the rectifiers and components in-
decrease the voltage in a circuit. A simple transformer cluded in the high-voltage circuit, the secondary volt-
consists of two wire coils, called primary and secondary age waveform presented to the x-ray tube can be
coils, which are wrapped around a core of iron or other single-phase, full-wave rectified; 3-phase, 6-pulse; 3-
material susceptible to magnetic forces. When an AC phase, 12-pulse; high-frequency; or constant potential.
is applied to the primary coil, the resulting electromag- Examples of each voltage waveform are shown along
netic field causes a current to flow through the secon- with the corresponding radiation intensity waveforms
dary coil. The current and voltage induced in the in Figure 3.
secondary coil are related to the initial current and The ideal secondary voltage waveform for presenta-
voltage by the ratio of the number of turns of the two tion to the x-ray tube is a flat DC waveform with no
coils, as expressed by the following equation: temporal variations in voltage. Waveforms that devi-
T1/T2 = V1/V2 ate from this ideal lower the efficiency of x-ray produc-
where T1 and T2 are the number of turns for the tion. Efficiency is affected by the ripple factor of the
primary and secondary coils and V1 and V2 are the
primary and secondary voltages.
In a step-up transformer, voltage increases and
current decreases in the secondary circuit because the
secondary coil contains more turns than the primary
coil. Conversely, in a step-down transformer, voltage
decreases and current increases in the secondary cir-
cuit because the primary coil contains more turns than
the secondary coil.
In the transformer assembly, one circuit containing
a step-up transformer supplies the high voltage to the
2 2003 ECRI. Duplication of this page by any means for any purpose is prohibited.
X-ray Generators
voltage waveform (the difference between the mini-

mum and maximum x-ray tube voltages, expressed as
Radiation
a percentage of the maximum voltage) presented to the
Voltage
Intensity
x-ray tube. Generators with a lower ripple factor have
a greater x-ray output. The ripple factor for a single-
phase generator is 100% because the voltage increases
from 0 to a maximum value with each wave cycle. The Time Time
ripple factor for a 3-phase, 6-pulse generator is 13.5% a. Ideal DC
because at 100 kV, the voltage fluctuates between
86.5 and 100 kV; ripple is accentuated when 3-phase
generators are operated under load (i.e., operating
conditions).
1 sec
High-voltage circuit 60
The high-voltage circuit provides the electrical b. Single-phase, half-wave rectified
power needed to accelerate the flow of electrons from
the cathode to the anode of the x-ray tube to produce
x-rays of the specified kVp and waveform. Also called
the cathode-anode circuit, the high-voltage circuit con-
sists of a step-up transformer (also called the high- 1 sec
voltage transformer) and an autotransformer. Because 60
the potential difference across the secondary coil may c. Single-phase, full-wave rectified
be as great as 150,000 volts (V), the step-up trans-
former is sealed within an oil-filled tank, which en-
hances heat dissipation and provides electrical
insulation between various components.
1 sec
A kVp meter and an mA meter are incorporated into 60
the high-voltage circuit to monitor, respectively, the d. Three-phase, six-pulse
potential across the x-ray tube and the current through
the tube during an exposure. The kVp meter is usually
located between the autotransformer and the step-up
1 sec 1 sec
60 60
e. Three-phase, twelve-pulse
a. 60 Hz AC waveforms from power company
1 sec
500
Voltage
f. High-frequency
b. Half-wave rectification of same signal

C156UN1D
C156UN1B
g. Constant potential
c. Full-wave rectification of same signal
Figure 2. Voltage waveforms demonstrating Figure 3. Secondary voltage waveforms (left) and
rectification radiation intensity waveforms (right)
2003 ECRI. Duplication of this page by any means for any purpose is prohibited. 3
transformer; the mA meter is connected in the secon- primary and secondary coils of the high-voltage trans-
dary coil of the step-up transformer. former. When the three windings are electrically con-
nected in a wye configuration (shaped like the letter
Before reaching the step-up transformer, the input
Y), a 120 phase difference in the voltage waveform is
voltage is shunted to the autotransformer. When a
produced. When the three windings are arranged in a
particular kVp is selected, an appropriate pair of sec-
delta configuration (shaped like a triangle), a 150
ondary taps in the autotransformer is automatically
phase difference in the voltage waveform is produced.
connected into the circuit to provide the correct input
Three-phase, 6-pulse generators have a wye trans-
voltage to the step-up transformer for the specified
former and six rectifiers in their secondary coil; the
output voltage. The primary voltage is increased by a
resulting waveform consists of 6 pulses per cycle, or
factor of approximately 600 to achieve the voltage
360 pulses per second (for a 60-hertz [Hz] supply).
required for radiographic and fluoroscopic exposures.
Three-phase, 12-pulse generators have one delta and
Filament circuit one wye transformer and 12 rectifiers in their secon-
dary coil; the resulting waveform consists of 12 pulses
The filament circuit supplies the x-ray tube filament per cycle, or 720 pulses per second. Because three-
(a coiled tungsten wire that emits electrons when phase generators produce outputs much closer to the
heated) with the voltage needed to provide the desired ideal DC than do single-phase models, they produce
tube current. A step-down transformer the filament x-rays more efficiently.
transformer supplies the power to heat the tube
filament, which is connected directly to the secondary High-frequency, or multipulse, generators operate
coil of the transformer. The voltage of the primary coil somewhat differently from traditional single- and
(100 to 220 V) is provided by tapping off a number of three-phase generators, because they have additional
turns from the autotransformer. The step-down trans- components in the high-voltage circuit. The 50 or 60
former converts this voltage to the potential difference Hz line voltage (either single- or three-phase) is recti-
required by the tube filament, which is approximately fied and filtered to create a nearly DC signal. Next, a
10 V. If an x-ray tube with dual focal spots is used, the high-frequency inverter, or oscillator, circuit converts
filament circuit includes a separate transformer for this DC voltage into a sinusoidal waveform with a
each filament. frequency as high as 100 kilohertz (kHz). This signal
is then input to a single high-voltage transformer.
Because small changes in filament current yield Full-wave rectification on the secondary side of the
large changes in tube current, the filament voltage high-voltage circuit doubles the number of x-ray pulses
must be precisely controlled. Therefore, resistors are per second to as high as 200,000.
placed in the circuit leading to the autotransformer, and
selectable resistance is controlled by a switch on the A capacitor, located in the high-voltage circuit be-
control panel. Additional components of the filament fore the x-ray tube, smooths the full-wave rectified
circuit include a voltage stabilizer that carefully regu- waveform, reducing the ripple factor to approximately
lates filament voltage and a device that compensates 2%. The resultant measured waveform has ripple simi-
for the changes in x-ray tube current caused by changes lar to that of waveforms produced by 3-phase or 6- or
in the selected kVp (line voltage compensation). 12-pulse generators, reflecting highly efficient x-ray
production. This waveform is identical for single- or
Types of x-ray generators three-phase input power.
Single-phase, full-wave rectified generators and sin- Because high-frequency generators produce a mul-
gle-phase, two-pulse generators use single-phase line tipulse wave with low ripple, more accurate timing is
voltage input to the primary circuit. A bridge of four possible, and patient exposure is lessened. An addi-
rectifiers included in the secondary coil of the high- tional advantage of high-frequency generators is their
voltage circuit permits current flow from the x-ray tube small size the transformer assembly for a high kW,
cathode and anode during both halves of the alternat- high-frequency generator is about 1/3 the size of a high
ing cycle. The resulting voltage waveform includes 2 kW, 12-pulse generator. Low kW, high-frequency gen-
x-ray pulses per cycle, or 120 pulses per second. The erators do not require a separate transformer housing;
average x-ray tube voltage is substantially lower than they can be housed together with the x-ray tube in a
the peak x-ray tube voltage, and the ripple factor is normal-sized tube shield, thus eliminating the need for
100%. high-voltage cables.
Three-phase, full-wave rectified waveforms are pro- Constant-potential generators, which produce a true
duced by high-voltage circuits containing three DC, are a variation on the 3-phase, 12-pulse circuit.
autotransformers and three windings on both the Two triode (three-electrode) or tetrode (four-electrode)
X-ray Generators
control vacuum tubes are placed between the output of can provide accurate exposures as brief as 1 msec, as
the transformers secondary wye and delta windings well as a rapid series of repeated exposures.
and the cathode and anode ends of the x-ray tube.
Each control tube contains an electrode called a grid. Switching mechanisms are classified as primary or
Modifications of the voltage applied to the grid cause secondary according to their location in the high-volt-
the control tube to act as a variable resistance, thus age circuit. Primary switching is less complicated and
changing the magnitude of the voltage reaching the expensive because it is easier and safer to switch the
x-ray tube. A comparator circuit reads the voltage lower primary voltages on and off. Three types of
outputs at the two control tubes and alters their re- primary switches are electromechanical contactors,
spective grid bias voltages to maintain a constant thyratrons, and silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs).
potential difference across the x-ray tube. The re- An electromechanical contactor causes a spring-
sponse of the comparator circuit and control tubes is loaded plunger to open or close a circuit when a current
nearly instantaneous, resulting in a DC voltage wave- is applied to an electromagnetic coil. Because of iner-
form reaching the x-ray tube. Some constant-potential tia, these contactors are slow to respond, and their
generators use solid-state field-effect transistors ability to handle a rapid series of repeated exposures
rather than tetrode/triode control tubes to produce a is consequently limited. They are also expensive to
ripple-free DC output. maintain.
Timer circuit Thyratrons are gas-filled, hot cathode tubes that

function as electronic switches. A grid is usually nega-
The timer circuit initiates the radiographic expo- tively charged to prevent current flow through the
sure, sustains it for a preset length of time, and termi- thyratron tube, which in turn prevents current flow
nates it. A timer mechanism controls the length of the through the high-voltage circuit. If the negative
exposure, and switches initiate and terminate the ex- charge on the grid is sufficiently reduced, a continuous
posure. Typical exposure times range from 1/120 of a flow of current results, allowing x-rays to be produced.
second to 6 seconds. Controls for the timer circuit are A second thyratron is necessary to terminate the expo-
located on the control panel. The actual timer and sure. Thyratrons respond quickly (because of lack of
switch units are contained in the high-voltage circuit. inertia) and are able to handle rapid sequences of
exposures, but they generate large amounts of heat
Three types of timer mechanisms have been used in and are expensive to maintain.
x-ray generators mechanical, synchronous, and
electronic. Mechanical timers are similar to spring- SCRs, also called thyristors, are the solid-state ana-
driven kitchen timers; the exposure duration is deter- logs of thyratrons, retaining the advantages of thyra-
mined by the length of time required for the spring to trons without the disadvantages. They can be used in
unwind from a preset, calibrated position. Because synchronized or unsynchronized switching configura-
they are accurate to only about 1/4 of a second, they are tions. In synchronized switching, the SCRs begin and
unsuitable for standard x-ray exposures, which are end their conduction of current flow only at zero-cross-
often much shorter than that. ings of the 60 Hz line voltage, resulting in x-ray expo-
sure durations that are precisely timed to multiples of
Synchronous timers are driven by synchronous mo- 1/120 of a second (8.33 msec). Unsynchronized switch-
tors, which operate in tandem with the 60 Hz power ing allows x-ray exposures to be initiated and termi-
frequency. These timers allow exposures to begin and nated independently of zero-crossings. The high-speed
end only at zero-crossings of the sinusoidal, 60 Hz electronic precontacting feature allows a response time
voltage waveform and consequently offer precisely of 1 to 2 msec for the initiation of an exposure, the
timed x-ray exposures in multiples of 1/120 of a second; pulsed commutation feature allows the initiation of an
however, they are unable to provide exposures in the exposure without regard to synchrony with zero-cross-
millisecond (msec) range or a rapid series of repeated ings, and the forced extinction termination feature
exposures. allows termination of an exposure without regard to
zero-crossings. This combination of features reduces
Electronic timers are most commonly used in x-ray exposure durations to 1 to 2 msec and makes a rapid
generators. Their operation is based on the time series of repeated exposures possible.
needed to charge or discharge a capacitor, as deter-
mined by the value of a variable resistance in the timer The two available secondary switching mechanisms
circuit; selecting an exposure time from the control are triode or tetrode switch tubes and grid-controlled
panel adjusts this resistance to the proper value. x-ray tubes; both are complex and expensive. Triode or
When used with electronic switches, electronic timers tetrode switching tubes are used in constant-potential
generators; as described earlier, they are the same Standard AECs require the technologist to select
tubes used to maintain a constant voltage across the specific kVp and mA settings on the control panel, with
x-ray tube. In addition to this function, the grid bias the exposure time automatically determined by the
voltage also acts to initiate and terminate x-ray expo- AEC circuit.
sures by conducting and blocking current flow to the
x-ray tube. Response time is nearly instantaneous, Anatomic programming is often used to select kV
exposures as short as 0.5 msec are possible, and an and mA for each examination. These values are pre-
extremely rapid series of exposures can be produced. programmed into the control console based on an in-
stitutions programs. Generators featuring anatomic
In grid-controlled x-ray tubes, a grid bias voltage is programming include an additional series of push but-
also used to switch x-ray tube current flow on and off. tons on the control panel that are labeled with various
In this case, the grid is the focusing cup of the x-ray anatomic regions and projections and preset to repre-
tubes cathode itself. Applying a small (2 to 3 V) bias sent a fixed set of technique factors of the users choice,
voltage to the grid prevents electron flow to the anode, including kVp, mA, and AEC timing or exposure time.
while removing the bias voltage allows current flow Supplemental fine adjustments account for variations
and the production of x-rays. Grid-controlled x-ray in patient size and density. The technologist can pre-
tubes are used primarily in fluoroscopy, providing up pare the generator for an x-ray exposure by selecting
to 500 exposures per second. a single button, without having to consult the tech-
nique chart typically used for manual exposure selec-
Other generator features tion. In addition to this ease of operation, anatomic
Additional features available to improve the per- programming ensures consistent technique factors with-
formance of x-ray generators include radiographic in a department and allows them to be changed quickly
AEC, anatomic programming, and fluoroscopic auto- and accurately during the course of an examination.
matic brightness control. In fluoroscopy, a constant brightness at the output
AEC automatically terminates radiographic expo- phosphor of the image intensifier should be main-
sures when sufficient x-ray intensity to provide accept- tained so that the image does not lighten or darken
able film darkening has reached the x-ray film markedly when scanning varying thicknesses of pa-
cassette. This feature ensures the production of satis- tient anatomy or introducing contrast media. Fluoro-
factory images, reducing the chance that human error scopic automatic brightness control regulates
will necessitate repeat exposures. AEC detectors, fluoroscopic image brightness by adjusting the gener-
sometimes called phototimers, include one or more ator technique settings to provide a fixed radiation
elements placed in front of or behind the film cassette. exposure rate at the image intensifiers input phos-
The two most common types of detectors used in AEC phor. Various types of detectors are available to moni-
are photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and ionization cham- tor the image intensifiers photocathode current and
bers. PMTs collect the light emitted as x-rays strike a luminance at its output phosphor as well as the video
fluorescent material and convert the light intensity signal intensity at the camera CRT (cathode ray tube).
into a current proportional to the total x-ray intensity In each case, as changes are detected, the automatic
reaching the fluorescent material. (Solid-state photo- brightness control circuit immediately adjusts the kVp
diodes are sometimes used instead of PMTs.) and/or mA output of the generator to restore the de-
sired radiation exposure rate at the image intensifiers
The ionization chambers used in AEC are typically input phosphor, concurrently restoring the desired
flat-plate, gas-filled chambers. As x-rays pass through image brightness.
the chamber, they ionize the gas molecules, creating a
current proportional to the radiation intensity reaching
the chamber. Both types of AEC detectors are calibrated
so that a predetermined current provides the desired film
Reported problems
density. When this current level is achieved, the termi- X-ray generators must be operated by knowledge-
nation switch in the generator timer circuit automat- able individuals to avoid potential problems related to
ically activates. An SCR switch with forced extinction automatic features and fluoroscopic radiation expo-
termination allows the extremely short, precisely timed sure. Careful patient positioning is required for opti-
exposures required for rare-earth film/screen combina- mal performance of AEC devices and anatomic
tions. Forced extinction is not needed with high-fre- programming. Errors in patient positioning can result
quency generators operating above 50 kHz because lower in rejected films and repeat examinations, which un-
ripple and faster exposure times make AEC more accu- necessarily increase patient radiation exposure and
rate and reproducible. examination costs.
X-ray Generators
Fluoroscopic examinations must be conducted with the generator under load. The following formula is
great caution to minimize radiation exposure to pa- used to calculate power ratings for three-phase
tients and tableside personnel. In the United States, generators:
federal and state regulations limit generators expo-
kW = (kVp mA) 1,000
sure rates to 5 or 10 roentgens per minute (R/min) at
the location where the radiation beam enters the pa- For single-phase generators:
tient (depending on specification). Under typical con- kW = (kVp mA 0.7) 1,000
ditions of fluoroscopic operation, patient skin entrance
exposure is in the range of 2 to 5 R/min. To minimize For most generators, the power rating is not con-
patient radiation exposure, a fluoroscopic examina- stant over the entire kV range, and the maximum mA
tion should involve as little beam-on time as possible, and kVp values cannot be obtained simultaneously.
and the monitors last-image-hold feature should be For this reason, it is important to carefully examine
used, if available, to retain the image on the monitor the way the manufacturer indicates this information.
screen after the fluoroscopic exposure. To minimize Typically, power ratings are specified at 100 kVp, with
personnel radiation exposure, protective garments maximum mA values listed for several different kVp
and beam-shielding devices must be used, and dis- values.
tance from the radiation beam should be maximized. The power rating and timing capabilities of a new
In addition, the fluoroscopic exposure rate should be generator should be selected based on the types of
measured quarterly by a medical physicist to ensure examinations to be performed and the operating tech-
safety and regulatory compliance and to monitor the nique factors required with the type of generator se-
performance consistency of the automatic brightness lected. For example, an examination using a
control feature. three-phase or high-frequency generator requires
lower kVp and/or mAs than the same examination
Purchase considerations using a single-phase generator. Routine radiographic,
angiographic, fluoroscopic, and tomographic proce-
The x-ray generator and radiographic or R/F table
dures also vary in their kVp and mAs requirements.
are the primary components of any x-ray room. Each
must be selected in consideration of both clinical needs All x-ray system components must also be selected
and cost-effectiveness. For x-ray generators, the pri- for compatibility as an integrated system. Specifically,
mary selection factors are secondary waveform type, it is critical to choose compatible x-ray tubes and gen-
power rating, timing capabilities, and compatibility erators so that all features of both components can be
with other system components. fully utilized. Positioning the generator too far from
the x-ray tube may cause distortions in voltage wave-
As noted previously, the secondary waveform type
forms and timing responses caused by capacitance in
determines the efficiency of x-ray production, includ-
excessively long high-voltage cables.
ing the magnitude of ripple and the ratio of average to
peak x-ray tube voltage. Single-phase, full-wave rec- Cost containment
tified secondary waveforms provide the least efficient
production of x-rays, which results in longer radio- A purchase decision should be based on issues such
graphic exposure times and higher patient radiation as life-cycle cost, local service support, discount rates
exposure than for the same examination using the and non-price-related benefits offered by the supplier,
same kVp (because of higher skin exposure from low- and standardization with existing equipment in the
energy x-rays that do not reach the image receptor). In department or hospital (i.e., purchasing all x-ray gen-
addition, single-phase generators cause increased erators from one supplier). The initial acquisition cost
x-ray tube anode heating, thus restricting small focal is only a fraction of the total cost of operation. There-
spot examinations and reducing tube life. Three-phase fore, before making a purchase decision based solely on
generators (and other generators producing wave- the acquisition cost of an x-ray generator, buyers
forms with low ripple) allow higher mA exposures at should consider operating costs over the lifetime of the
shorter exposure times, thus reducing motion un- equipment. The following costs should be considered
sharpness and producing higher-quality radiographs when purchasing an x-ray generator:
for many examinations. If three-phase power service Special features (e.g., pulsed fluoroscopy capability)
is not available at a location proposed for it, power
installation costs must be added to the project budget. Service contract
X-ray tube replacement
Power ratings, in units of kilowatts (kW), describe
the maximum kilovoltage (kV) and mA capabilities of Utilities
Accessories, such as glassware, parts, and quality Curry TS 3rd, Dowdey JE, Murry RC Jr. Christensens
control devices physics of diagnostic radiology. 4th ed. Philadel-
phia: Lea & Febiger; 1990.
Contributions to overhead
For customized analyses and purchase decision sup- Hendee WR, Ritenour ER. Medical imaging physics.
port, readers should contact ECRIs SELECT Group. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby-Year Book; 2002.
Hospitals can purchase service contracts or service Hiss SS. Understanding radiography. 3rd ed. Spring-
on a time-and-materials basis from the supplier. Serv- field (IL): Charles C Thomas; 1993.
ice may also be available from a third-party organiza-
tion. The decision to purchase a service contract should Noce JP. Diagnostic x-ray fundamentals: the gener-
be carefully considered. Purchasing a service contract ator. Biomed Instrum Technol 1993 May-Jun;
ensures that preventive maintenance will be per- 32(3):318-20.
formed at regular intervals, thereby reducing the pos-
sibility of unexpected maintenance costs. Also, many Standards and guidelines
suppliers do not extend system performance and up-
time guarantees beyond the length of the warranty Note: Although every effort is made to ensure that the
unless the system is covered by a service contract. following list is comprehensive, please note that other
ECRI recommends that, to maximize bargaining lev- applicable standards may exist.
erage, hospitals negotiate pricing for service contracts
American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Per-
before the system is purchased. Additional service
formance specifications and acceptance testing for
contract discounts may be negotiable for multiple-year
x-ray generators and automatic exposure control
agreements or for service contracts that are bundled
devices [report].
with contracts on other generators in the department
or hospital. Purchasing multiple generators from one Diagnostic X-ray Imaging/X-ray Generators and
supplier could result in a significant discount. Stand- Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) Devices Task
ardizing equipment can make staff training easier, Group. 14. 1985.
simplify servicing and parts acquisition, and provide
British Standards Institution. Specification for high-
greater bargaining leverage when negotiating new
voltage generators of diagnostic x-ray generators
equipment purchases and/or service contract costs.
[standard]. BS 5724:Section 2.7. 1987.
International Electrotechnical Commission. Medical
Stage of development electrical equipment part 1: general require-
Microprocessor-controlled and modular x-ray gener- ments for safety [standard]. IEC 60601-1 (1988-12).
ators have been available for several years. Microproc- 1988.
essor-controlled generators provide extensive
Medical electrical equipment part 1: general re-
automatic operation, which simplifies use and allows
quirements for safety. Amendment 1 [standard].
the technologist to spend more time on patient posi-
IEC 60601-1-am1 (1991-11). 1991.
tioning. Automatic controls also reduce the likelihood
of operator errors that require retakes, thus reducing Medical electrical equipment part 1: general re-
radiation exposure to patients and operators. In addi- quirements for safety. Amendment 2 [standard].
tion, microprocessor-controlled generators feature in- IEC 60601-1-am2 (1995-03). 1995.
ternal self-diagnostics, which cause an error message Medical electrical equipment part 1: general re-
to appear on the console when a component malfunc- quirements for safety. Section 2. Collateral stand-
tions. Modular generators are individually con- ard: electromagnetic compatibility requirements
structed to incorporate the purchasers selection of and tests. IEC 60601-1-2 (1993-04). 1993.
optional features. Solid-state electronic components
have reduced generator sizes, simplified repairs, and Medical electrical equipment part 2: particular
aided the development of shared generators, which are requirements for the safety of associated equipment
used to control several x-ray rooms simultaneously. of x-ray equipment [standard]. IEC 60601-2-31.
(1994-03). 1994.
Medical electrical equipment part 2: particular
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X-ray Generators
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switch on Picker R703 MkII and R500 MkII gener-
Additional performance and safety standards are ators. London: Department of Health; 2002 Mar. 3 p.
included in the radiation protection codes of individual (Safety notice; no. SN2002[09]).
states and countries. The Joint Commission on Ac-
creditation of Healthcare Organizations and the U.S. A5160 FDA has designated Class II Recall No. Z-0649-03
Food and Drug Administration (as per 21 CFR Part certain Sedecal high-voltage generators and controls.
1000), as well as several international organizations, The generators fail to comply with the U.S. federal
have developed recommendations and requirements performance standard due to incorrect identification
for acceptance testing and periodic calibration of x-ray labels and failure to use the required sampling for the
equipment, including x-ray generators. certification testing program. The distributor initiated
a recall by letter dated April 9, 2003. Verify receipt of
Citations from other ECRI publications the April 9, 2003, letter from Sedecal. For further
information, contact Sedecal by telephone at (847)
Health Devices 394-6960. Source: FDA Enforcement Rep 2003 Apr 30;
Radiographic quality control devices [evaluation]. Distributor.
2000 Apr;29(4):97-139.
39249 Davidson RA. Determination of radiographic
Eye on medical errors: radiographic QA programs help characteristics of tissue compensation filters using a
ensure high-quality healthcare. 2000 Apr;29(4): Compton scatter technique. Australas Phys Eng Sci
100-1. Med 2001 Sep;24(3):166-71.
Health Devices Alerts
39625 Wang JX, Zhang LA, Li BX, et al. Cancer inci-
This Product Comparison lists Health Devices Alerts dence and risk estimation among medical x-ray work-
(HDA) citations published since the last update of this ers in China, 1950-1995. Health Phys 2002 Apr;82(4):
report. Each HDA abstract is identified by an Acces- 455-66.
sion Number. Recalls and hazard reports include de-
scriptions of the problem involved; abstracts of other
published articles are referenced by bibliographic in- Supplier information
formation. HPCS subscribers can call the Hotline for
additional information on any of these citations or to
request more extensive searches of the HDA database. Americomp
A4443 FDA has designated Class II Recall No. Z-0494-
1 certain Philips Optimus CP x-ray generator firm- Americomp Inc [170184]
ware. If a bolus run is started on the systems, the 2901 W Lawrence Ave
injector may inject contrast medium without exposure. Chicago IL 60625-3621
The distributer initiated a recall by field change order Phone: (773) 588-2444, (800) 458-1782
on February 16, 2001. If you system has not been Fax: (773) 583-1751
modified, or for further information, contact Philips E-mail: info@americompus.net
Medical Systems North America by telephone at (800) Internet: http://www.americompus.net
455-4350. Source: FDA Enforcement Rep 2001 Apr 25;
Distributor.
Amrad
A4493 FDA has designated Class II Recall Nos.
Z-579/581-1 certain Toshiba x-ray generator/controls. Summit Industries Inc [171242]
The x-ray generator/controls do not comply with 2901 W Lawrence Ave
21 CFR 1020.31(a)(2) because exposure nontermina- Chicago IL 60625-3621
tion can occur as a result of tube arcing. The manufac- Phone: (773) 588-2444, (800) 972-9776
turer initiated a recall by letter dated July 19, 2001. Fax: (773) 588-3424
Identify any affected product in your inventory. Follow E-mail: info@summitindustries.net
the instructions for safe use of the x-ray generators. Internet: http://www.summitindustries.net
Apelem Del Medical
Apelem SA [194762] Del Medical Systems Group [376429]

Parc Scientifique Georges Besse 11550 W King St
175 allee Von Neumann Franklin Park IL 60131-1851
F-30035 Nimes Cedex Phone: (847) 288-7000, (800) 800-6006
France Fax: (847) 288-7011
Phone: 33 (466) 290907 E-mail: sloehrke@delmedical.com
Fax: 33 (466) 297123 Internet: http://www.delmedical.com
E-mail: export@apelem.com
Internet: http://www.apelem.com emd Technologies
emd Technologies [393535]
310 Blvd Industriel
Control-X
St-Eustache PQ J7R 5R4
Control-X Medical Inc [108554] Canada
2289 Westbrooke Dr Bldg C Phone: (450) 491-2100, (888) 491-2100
Columbus OH 43228-9644 Fax: (450) 491-4138
Phone: (614) 777-9729, (800) 777-9729 E-mail: mkt@emd-tech.net
Fax: (614) 777-0395 Internet: http://www.emd-tech.net
E-mail: lhurd@cxmed.com emd Technologies Europe SA [393559]
Internet: http://www.cxmed.com 58 rue Roger Salengro
F-94126 Fontenay-sous-Bois Cedex
France
CPI Phone: 33 (1) 45140606
Fax: 33 (1) 48762514
Communications & Power Industries Inc (CPI) E-mail: marketing@emd-tech.net
[272875] Internet: http://www.emd-tech.net
607 Hansen Way
Palo Alto CO 94394-1130
Phone: (650) 846-3645 Furrer
Fax: (650) 846-3276 Furrer Roentgentechnik [168492]
Internet: http://www.cpii.com Bueelmatt 12
CH-6204 Sempach
Communications & Power Industries Inc (CPI)
Switzerland
Canada [272874]
Phone: 41 (41) 4602120
45 River Dr
Fax: 41 (41) 4603283
Georgetown ON L7G 2J4
E-mail: info@roe-furrer.ch
Canada
Phone: (905) 877-0161, (888) 274-9729
Fax: (905) 877-5327 GE Medical
E-mail: marketing@cmp.cpii.com GE Medical Systems [102107]
Internet: http://www.cpii.com/cmp PO Box 414
Milwaukee WI 53201-0414
Phone: (262) 544-3011, (800) 643-6439
Daeyoung Fax: (262) 544-3384
Internet: http://www.gemedicalsystems.com
Daeyoung Medical Systems [202155]
638-2 Sangelo 1-dong GE Medical Systems Asia (Japan) [300443]
Dong Jak-ku 4-7-127 Asahigaoka
Seoul 156-031 Hino-shi
Republic of Korea Tokyo 191-8503
Phone: 82 (2) 8259231 Japan
Fax: 82 (2) 8259232 Phone: 81 (3) 425826820
E-mail: dae-young@dae-young.co.kr Fax: 81 (3) 425826830
Internet: http://www.dae-young.co.kr Internet: http://www.gemedical.co.jp
X-ray Generators
GE Medical Systems Canada [174606] Medstone

2300 Meadowvale Blvd
Mississauga ON L5N 5P9 Medstone International Ltd [372618]
Canada Medstone House
Phone: (800) 668-0732 Ridge Way Donibristle Industrial Park
Fax: (905) 567-2115 Dalgety Bay, Fife KY11 5JN
Internet: http://www.gemedicalsystems.ca Scotland
Phone: 44 (1383) 821890
GE Medical Systems Europe [171319] Fax: 44 (1383) 821877
283 rue de la Miniere E-mail: jeremy.wheeler@medstone.co.uk
boite postale 34 Internet: http://www.medstone.co.uk
F-78533 Buc Cedex
France
Phone: 33 (1) 30704040 Metaltronica
Fax: 33 (1) 30709855
Metaltronica srl [176850]
E-mail: info@gemedicalsystems.com
via della Pisana 431
Internet:
I-00163 Roma
http://www.gemedicalsystemseurope.com/frfr
Italy
Phone: 39 (06) 66160206
GTR Labs
Fax: 39 (06) 66160357
GTR Labs Inc [384436] E-mail: sales@metaltronica.com
510 Elk St Internet: http://www.metaltronica.com
Gassaway WV 26624
Phone: (304) 364-2211, (888) 871-9232
Fax: (304) 364-2212 Pacioni
E-mail: gsa00214@mail.wvnet.edu Pacioni & C snc [227240]
Internet: http://www.gtrllc.com via Peralba 18-20
I-00141 Roma
LISTEM Italy
LISTEM Corp [392886] Phone: 39 (06) 8170030
414-1 Chongchon-2 dong Fax: 39 (06) 8170030
Pupyong-gu E-mail: mailcomp@tin.it
Inchon Internet: http://www.pacioni-c.com
Republic of Korea
Phone: 82 (32) 5155511
Philips
Fax: 82 (32) 5129814
E-mail: obd@listem.co.kr Philips Medical Systems Asia [188101]
Internet: http://www.listem.co.kr 30/Fl Hopewell Centre
LISTEM USA Inc [393197] 17 Kennedy Road
5200 NW 43rd St Suite 102 PMB 338 Wanchai
Gainesville FL 32606 Hong Kong SAR
Phone: (352) 271-5232 Peoples Republic of China
Fax: (352) 271-8978 Phone: 852 28215888
E-mail: wchoi12@cs.com Fax: 852 25276727
Internet: http://www.listem.co.kr E-mail: medical@philips.com
Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com
Meditech Philips Medical Systems North America [102120]
Meditech Roentgensysteme GmbH [282234] 22100 Bothell Everett Hwy
Kardinal-von-Galen-Strasse 12 PO Box 3003
D-33332 Guetersloh Bothell WA 98041-3003
Germany Phone: (425) 487-7000, (800) 526-4963
Phone: 49 (5241) 95555 Fax: (425) 485-6080
Fax: 49 (5241) 955599 E-mail: medical@philips.com
E-mail: info@meditech-roentgensysteme.de Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com
Philips Nederland bv Medical Systems [152365] SMAM

Postbus 90050
NL-5600 PB Eindhoven SMAM srl [177065]
The Netherlands via Tiziano 24
Phone: 31 (40) 2782559 I-20053 Muggio MI
Fax: 31 (40) 2780160 Italy
E-mail: medical@philips.com Phone: 39 (039) 2781554
Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com Fax: 39 (039) 790213
E-mail: info@smam.it
Rendix Internet: http://www.smam.it
Rendix Ltd [179167]

PO Box 2183 Stadler
Qiryat Tivon IL-36094
Israel Stadler Elektronik AG [428453]
Phone: 972 (4) 9590233 Bahnhofstrasse 16
Fax: 972 (4) 9937104 CH-6014 Littau/Lucerne
E-mail: rendix@netvision.net.il Switzerland
Phone: 41 (41) 2505633
Shimadzu Fax: 41 (41) 2505677
Shimadzu (Asia Pacific) PTE Ltd [172209] E-mail: info@stadler-elektronik.com
16 Science Park Drive #01-02 The Pasteur Internet: http://www.stadler-elektronik.com
Singapore Science Park
Singapore 118227
Republic of Singapore Stephanix
Phone: 65 7786280
Stephanix [401705]
Fax: 65 7792935
boite postale 294
E-mail: sales@shimadzu.com.sg
F-42014 Saint Etienne
Internet: http://www.shimadzuasiapac.com.ag
France
Shimadzu Europe GmbH [161064] Phone: 33 (4) 77478160
Albert-Hahn-Strasse 6-10 Fax: 33 (4) 77375519
D-47269 Duisburg E-mail: contact@stephanix.com
Germany Internet: http://www.stephanix.com
Phone: 49 (203) 76870
Fax: 49 (203) 766625
E-mail: webmaster@shimadzu.de Toshiba
Internet: http://www.shimadzu.de
Toshiba America Medical Systems Inc [101894]
Shimadzu Medical Systems [106973]
2441 Michelle Dr
20101 S Vermont Ave
PO Box 2068
Torrance CA 90502-3130
Tustin CA 92680-7047
Phone: (310) 217-8855, (800) 228-1429
Phone: (714) 730-5000, (800) 421-1968
Fax: (310) 217-0661
Fax: (714) 832-2570
E-mail: info@shimadzumed.com
E-mail: info@tams.com
Internet: http://www.shimadzu.com
Internet: http://www.medical.toshiba.com
Shimadzu Medical Systems Oceania Pty Ltd
[408259] Toshiba Corp
Unite E/F 10-16 South Street Medical Systems Co Ltd [140664]
Rydalmere 2116 1385 Shimoishigami
NSW Otawara-shi, Tochigi Pref 324-8550
Australia Japan
Phone: 61 (2) 96844200 Phone: 81 (287) 266301
Fax: 61 (2) 96844055 Fax: 81 (287) 266050
E-mail: info@shimadzu.com.au E-mail: info@tams.com
Internet: http://www.shimadzu.com.au Internet: http://www.toshiba-medical.co.jp
X-ray Generators
Toshiba Medical (Australia) Pty Ltd [373230] Note: The following companies did not provide us
5 Byfield Street with any product information in time for publication.
North Ryde, NSW 2113 Their addresses are listed as a service to our readers.
Australia Innomed Medical Inc [150026]
Phone: 61 (2) 98876000 Szabo Jozsef utca 12
Fax: 61 (2) 98874866 H-1146 Budapest
Internet: http://www.medical.toshiba.com.au Hungary
Phone: 36 (1) 4609200
Toshiba Medical Systems Europe bv [160817]
Fax: 36 (1) 4609222
Zilverstraat 1
E-mail: innomed@innomed.hu
NL-2718 RP Zoetermeer
Internet: http://www.innomed.hu
The Netherlands
Phone: 31 (79) 3689222 Oy Medira AB [162451]
Fax: 31 (79) 3689444 Ilkontie 1
E-mail: info@tmse.nl FIN-36220 Kangasala
Internet: http://www.toshiba-europe.com/medical Finland
Phone: 358 (3) 2345200
Fax: 358 (3) 2345250
E-mail: medira@medira.fi
Internet: http://www.medira.fi
Villa Roentgen-Service AG [170912]
Meierholweg 4
Villa Sistemi Medicali SpA [156442]
Emmen
via delle Azalee 3
CH-6032 Luzern
I-20090 Buccinasco MI
Switzerland
Italy
Phone: 41 (41) 2600266
Phone: 39 (02) 488591
Fax: 41 (41) 2608266
Fax: 39 (02) 4881844
Internet: http://www.roentgen-service.ch
E-mail: sales@villasm.com
Internet: http://www.villasm.com
About the chart specifications
The following abbreviations are used in the chart:
ABS Automatic brightness stabilization
VMI
AEC Automatic exposure control
VMI Industria e Comercio Ltda [174435] CE Communaute Europeen
Rua Pref Eliseu Alves da Silva 400
Dist Industrial Genesco Aparecido de Oliveira CE mark Conformite Europeene mark
Lagoa Santa-MG 33400-000
CRT Cathode ray tube
Brazil
Phone: 55 (31) 36819560 CSA Canadian Standards Association
Fax: 55 (31) 36819565
E-mail: vmi.bh@zaz.com DSS Digital satellite system
EEC European Economic Community
EN European Norm
XMA ETL ETL Testing Laboratories
X-Ray Marketing Assoc [106898] FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration
1205 W Lakeview Ct FET Field-effect transistor
Romeoville IL 60446-6500
Phone: (630) 378-1992, (800) 325-8880 HL7 Health Level 7
Fax: (630) 378-1048
HV High voltage
E-mail: webmaster@xma.com
Internet: http://www.xma.com IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IGBT Insulated-gate bipolar transistor and specifications are subject to frequent changes.
ECRI is not responsible for the quality or validity of
ISO International Organization for Standardiza-
the information presented or for any adverse conse-
tion
quences of acting on such information.
LCD Liquid crystal display
When reading the charts, keep in mind that, unless
LED Light-emitting diode otherwise noted, the list price does not reflect supplier
discounts. And although we try to indicate which
MDD Medical Devices Directive features and characteristics are standard and which
PC Personal computer are not, some may be optional, at additional cost.
PMT Photomultiplier tube For those models whose prices were supplied to us
in currencies other than U.S. dollars, we have also
SCR Silicon-controlled rectifier listed the conversion to U.S. dollars to facilitate com-
parison among models. However, keep in mind that
UL Underwriters Laboratories
exchange rates change often.
UPS Uninterruptible power supply
Note: The data in the charts derive from suppli-
Need to know more?
ers specifications and have not been verified through For further information about the contents of this
independent testing by ECRI or any other agency. Product Comparison, contact the HPCS Hotline at +1
Because test methods vary, different products specifi- (610) 825-6000, ext. 5265; +1 (610) 834-1275 (fax); or
cations are not always comparable. Moreover, products hpcs@ecri.org (e-mail).
About ECRI . . .
ECRI is a nonprofit health services research agency and a Collaborating Center of the World Health
Organization, providing information and technical assistance to the healthcare community to support
safe and cost-effective patient care for more than 25 years. The results of ECRIs research and
experience are available through its publications, information systems, databases, technical assis-
tance program, laboratory services, seminars, and fellowships.
Our full-time staff includes a wide range of specialists in healthcare technology, hospital admini-
stration, financial analysis, risk management, and information and computer science, as well as
hospital planners, attorneys, physicists; biomedical, electrical, electronic, chemical, mechanical, and
registered engineers; physicians; basic medical scientists; epidemiologists and biostatisticians; and
writers, editors, and communications specialists.
Underlying ECRIs knowledge base in healthcare technology are its integrity and objectivity. ECRI
accepts no financial support from medical product manufacturers, and no employee may own stock
in or consult for a medical equipment or pharmaceutical company.
The scope of ECRIs resources extends far beyond technology. ECRI keeps healthcare professionals,
manufacturers, legal professionals, information specialists, and others aware of the changing trends
in healthcare, healthcare standards and regulations, and the best ways to handle environmental and
occupational health and safety issues. ECRI also advises on management issues related to healthcare
cost containment, accreditation, risk management, human resources, quality of care, and other
complex topics.
ECRI has more than 35 publications, databases, software, and services to fulfill the growing need
for healthcare information and decision support. They focus on three primary areas: healthcare
technology, healthcare risk and quality management, and healthcare environmental management.
X-ray Generators
Product Comparison Chart

MODEL AMERICOMP AMERICOMP AMERICOMP AMRAD
Spectra 30 HF Spectra 30 HF AP Spectra 325e 300 HF
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide
FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes Yes

CE MARK (MDD) Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
TYPE High frequency High frequency Low frequency High frequency
MICROPROCESSOR
CONTROLLED Yes Yes Yes Yes
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 30 30 37.5 30
mA @ kVp 300 @ 100 300 @ 100 300 @ 125 300 @ 100
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-125 40-125 40-125 40-125
mA range
Small focus 50, 100 50, 100 50, 100 50, 100
Large focus 150, 200, 250, 300 150, 200, 250, 300 150, 200, 300 150, 200, 250, 300
mAs range 0.5-400 0.5-400 0.4-600 0.5-400
Timer range, sec 0.004-2.666 0.004-2.666 0.0083-6 0.004-2.666
Switching IGBT IGBT SCR IGBT
AEC Optional Optional Optional Optional

Detector type Ion chamber Ion chamber Ion chamber Ion chamber
Anatomic
programming No Yes No Yes
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No No No No
kV range NA NA NA NA
mA range NA NA NA NA
Maximum number of
exposures/sec NA NA NA NA
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance NA NA NA NA
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec NA NA NA NA
Automatic
brightness control NA NA NA NA
Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of

two pages covering
the above model(s).
These specifications
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL AMERICOMP AMERICOMP AMERICOMP AMRAD
Spectra 30 HF Spectra 30 HF AP Spectra 325e 300 HF
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No No No No
X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 1 1 1 1
LINE-VOLTAGE
COMPENSATION Automatic Automatic Automatic Automatic
SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Yes Yes Yes Yes
POWER REQUIREMENTS 230-250 VAC, 230-250 VAC, 230-250 VAC, 230/250 VAC, single-
50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, phase, 100 A minimum
100 A minimum 100 A minimum 70 A minimum
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 5 x 30 x 18 5 x 30 x 18 117 x 58 x 30 5 x 30 x 18
(2 x 11.8 x 7.1) (2 x 11.8 x 7.1) (46.1 x 22.8 x 11.8) (2 x 11.8 x 7.1)
Weight, kg (lb) 2 (4.4) 2 (4.4) 102 (225) 2 (4.4)
HV transformer
(37 x 20.1 x 18.1) (37 x 20.1 x 18.1) (48.4 x 17.7 x 16.1) (37 x 20.1 x 18.1)
Weight, kg (lb) 86 (189.6) 86 (189.6) 91 (200) 86 (189.6)
PURCHASE INFORMATION
List price,
std configuration $12,320 $13,150 $6,985 $11,250
Warranty 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years
Year first sold Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Fiscal year Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Meets requirements Meets requirements Meets requirements Meets requirements
of UL. of UL. of UL. of UL.
Colons separate data on similar models of a device.
X-ray Generators

MODEL AMRAD AMRAD AMRAD APELEM
325 375 HF 500 HF MAGNUM 40 :

MAGNUM 50

CE MARK (MDD) Not specified Not specified Not specified Yes
TYPE Low frequency High frequency High frequency High frequency,

100 kHz
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 37.5 37.5 50 40 : 50
mA @ kVp 300 @ 125 300 @ 125 500 @ 100 500 @ 80 :
630 @ 80
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-125 40-125, optional 150 40-125, optional 150 40-150
mA range
Small focus 50, 100 25-200 in 25 mA 25-500 in 25 mA 10-500 : 10-630
Large focus 150, 200, 300 25-375 in 25 mA 25-500 in 25 mA 10-500 : 10-630
mAs range 0.4-600 0.1-420 0.1-600 0.5-1,000
Timer range, sec 0.00083-6 Not specified Not specified 0.001-6.3
Switching SCR FET FET IGBT
AEC Optional Optional Optional Yes

Anatomic
programming No Yes Yes 768 programs
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No No No No : Yes

kV range NA NA NA NA : 40-125
mA range NA NA NA NA : 0.5-6
Maximum number of
exposures/sec NA NA NA NA : 30
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance NA NA NA NA : Not specified
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec NA NA NA NA : No
Automatic
brightness control NA NA NA NA : Yes

two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL AMRAD AMRAD AMRAD APELEM
325 375 HF 500 HF MAGNUM 40 :

MAGNUM 50
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No No No Yes
X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 1 1 1 1+1 (optional) : 2
LINE-VOLTAGE
POWER REQUIREMENTS 320-250 VAC, single- 230/250 VAC, single- 400 VAC, 3-phase, 380 VAC 10%,
phase, 70 A minimum phase, 100 A minimum 100 A minimum 50/60 Hz, 3-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
(46.1 x 22.8 x 11.8) (3.1 x 16.9 x 9.1) (3.1 x 16.9 x 9.1) (2.8 x 22 x 9.1)
Weight, kg (lb) 102 (224.9) 3 (6.6) 3 (6.6) 4 (8.8)
HV transformer
(48.4 x 17.7 x 16.1) (37 x 16.1 x 18.1) (37 x 16.1 x 18.1) (48.4 x 17.7 x 16.1)
Weight, kg (lb) 91 (200.7) 100 (220.5) 100 (220.5) 107 (236)
List price,
std configuration $6,985 $16,210 $20,545 Not specified
Warranty 5 years 5 years 5 years 1 year
Year first sold Not specified Not specified Not specified 1998
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Meets requirements Meets requirements Meets requirements Digital display;
of UL>. of UL. of UL. full x-ray tube
protection; 3-, 2-,
1-point techniques;
optional capacitor-
discharge model
(GTI 30HF/DC). Meets
requirements of ISO.
X-ray Generators

MODEL APELEM CONTROL-X CONTROL-X CONTROL-X
MAGNUM 65 : Milestone Milestone HF Milestone HF

MAGNUM 80 MS 325 : MS 525 MS 350HF MS 450HF : MS 550HF

CE MARK (MDD) Yes No Yes Yes
TYPE High frequency, Single-phase High frequency, High frequency,

100 kHz single- or 3-phase single- or 3-phase
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 65 : 80 30 : 40 30 40 : 50
mA @ kVp 800 @ 80 : 300 @ 125 : 360 @ 80, 500 @ 80, 400 @ 100,
1,000 @ 80 500 @ 90, 300 @ 100, 200 @ 150 :
400 @ 110, 150 @ 150 600 @ 80, 500 @ 100,
300 @ 125 250 @ 150
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-150 40-125 40-150 40-150
mA range
Small focus 10-800 : 10-1,000 25-100 20-200 20-200
Large focus 10-800 : 10-1,000 100-300 : 100-500 100-400 100-500 : 100-600
mAs range 0.5-1,000 0.2-600 0.4-600 0.4-600
Timer range, sec 0.001-6.3 0.008-6 0.003-6 0.003-6
Switching IGBT SCR IGBT IGBT
AEC Yes Optional Optional Optional

Detector type Ion chamber Solid-state Solid-state Solid-state
Anatomic
programming 768 programs No 100 exams 100 exams
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Optional Optional Optional

kV range 40-125 40-125 50-125 50-125
mA range 0.5-6 1-4 0.5-9 0.5-9
Maximum number of
exposures/sec 30 10 10 10
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance Not specified 10 with ABS 10 with ABS 10 with ABS
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec Optional No No No
Automatic
brightness control Yes Yes Yes Yes

two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL APELEM CONTROL-X CONTROL-X CONTROL-X
MAGNUM 65 : Milestone Milestone HF Milestone HF

MAGNUM 80 MS 325 : MS 525 MS 350HF MS 450HF : MS 550HF
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE Yes Yes Yes Yes
LINE-VOLTAGE
POWER REQUIREMENTS 380 VAC 10%, 208-240 VAC : 208-240 VAC, single 208-240 VAC,
50/60 Hz, 3 phase 380 VAC; 50/60 Hz, or 3 phase or 50/60 Hz, single or
100 A, single phase 380-400 VAC, 3 phase or
3 phase, 50/60 Hz 380-400 VAC,
50/60 Hz, 3 phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
(2.8 x 22 x 9.1) (43 x 16 x 13) (16 x 18 x 37.5) (16 x 18 x 37.5)
Weight, kg (lb) 4 (8.8) 86 (190) 120 (265) 120 (265)
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) Not specified 58 x 33 x 46 Included in cabinet Included in cabinet
(23 x 13 x 18)
Weight, kg (lb) 107 (236) 154 (340) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet
List price,
std configuration Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Warranty 1 year 5 years (2 full, 5 years (2 full, 5 years (2 full,

3 prorated) 3 prorated) 3 prorated)
Year first sold 1998 Not specified Not specified Not specified
Fiscal year Not specified January to December January to December January to December
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Digital display; Digital display; Compact control Compact control
full x-ray tube tube overload console and cabinet; console and cabinet;
protection; 3-, 2-, protection; mAs manual override; manual override;
1-point techniques; display; digital technique technique
optional high- timer; MS 525 is reprogramming; self- reprogramming; self-
contrast fluoro equipped with diagnostic software. diagnostic software.
mode. Meets require- overcurrent
ments of ISO. protection.
X-ray Generators

MODEL CONTROL-X CONTROL-X CONTROL-X CONTROL-X
PCX 525/I PCX HF PCX HF PCX HF

350HF : 450HF 550HF 850HF : 1050HF

CE MARK (MDD) No Yes Yes Yes
TYPE Single-phase High frequency, High frequency, High frequency,

single- or 3-phase 3-phase 3-phase
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 50 30 : 40 50 65 : 80
mA @ kVp 500 @ 100, 400 @ 80, 300 @ 100, 600 @ 80, 500 @ 100, 800 @ 80, 650 @ 100,
400 @ 125 150 @ 150 : 250 @ 150 420 @ 150 :
500 @ 80, 400 @ 100, 1,000 @ 80,
200 @ 150 800 @ 100, 500 @ 150
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-125 40-150 40-150 40-150
mA range
Small focus 25-200 20-200 20-200 20-200
Large focus 100-500 100-400 : 100-500 100-600 100-800 : 100-1,000
mAs range 0.2-600 0.4-600 0.4-600 0.5-600
Timer range, sec 0.008-6 0.003-6 0.003-6 0.003-6
Switching SCR IGBT IGBT IGBT

Detector type Solid-state Solid-state Solid-state Solid-state
Anatomic
programming 127 exams 160 exams 160 exams 160 exams
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Optional Optional Optional Optional

kV range 40-115 50-125 50-125 50-125
mA range 1-4 0.5-9 0.5-9 0.5-9
Maximum number of
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance 10 with ABS 10 with ABS 10 with ABS 10 with ABS
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec No No No No
Automatic

two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL CONTROL-X CONTROL-X CONTROL-X CONTROL-X
PCX 525/I PCX HF PCX HF PCX HF

350HF : 450HF 550HF 850HF : 1050HF
LINE-VOLTAGE
POWER REQUIREMENTS 208-240 VAC, 100 A, 208-240 VAC, 240 or 380-400 VAC, 380/480 VAC,
50/60 Hz, single- 50/60 Hz, single- or 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase
phase 3-phase or
380-400 VAC,
50/60 Hz, 3-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
(15 x 16 x 14) (15.7 x 18 x 37.5) (15.7 x 18 x 37.5) (22.5 x 22.3 x 80)
Weight, kg (lb) 12 (26) 120 (265) 120 (265) 306 (680)
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) 56 x 66 x 84 Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet
(22 x 26 x 33)
Weight, kg (lb) 234 (515) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet
List price,
Warranty 5 years (2 full, 5 years (2 full, 5 years (2 full, 5 years (2 full,

3 prorated) 3 prorated) 3 prorated) 3 prorated)
Fiscal year January to December January to December January to December January to December
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Continuous digital PC controlled with PC controlled with PC controlled with
readouts on CRT touchscreen monitor, touchscreen monitor, touchscreen monitor,
display; integrated manual override, manual override, manual override,
computer records technique technique technique
exposure parameters reprogramming, self- reprogramming, self- reprogramming, self-
and is equipped with diagnostic software. diagnostic software. diagnostic software.
self-diagnostics.
X-ray Generators

MODEL CPI CPI CPI CPI
CMP200 30 kW : CMP200 40 kW : Indico 100 32 kW Indico 100 40 kW

CMP200 32 kW CMP200 50 kW
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worlwide

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes Yes
TYPE High frequency High frequency High frequency High frequency
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 30 : 32 40 : 50 32 40
mA @ kVp Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-125 40-125 : 40-150 40-150 40-150
mA range
Small focus 25-400 * 25-500 : 25-600 * 10-320 * 10-500 *
Large focus 25-400 * 25-500 : 25-600 * 10-320 * 10-500 *
mAs range 0.4-500 0.4-500 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC) 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC)
Timer range, sec 0.001-6.3 0.001-6.3 0.001-6.3 0.001-6.3
Switching FET inverter, FET inverter, 100 FET inverter, FET inverter, 100
100 kHz kHz : Not specified 100 kHz kHz
AEC Yes Yes Yes Yes
Detector type Ion chamber or Ion chamber or Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid-
solid-state solid-state : state, or PMT state, or PMT
Not specified
Anatomic
programming 768 techniques 768 techniques 768 techniques 768 techniques
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No No Yes Yes

kV range NA NA 40-125 40-125
mA range NA NA 0.5-6 continuous ** 0.5-6 continuous **
Maximum number of
exposures/sec NA NA Not specified Not specified
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance NA NA Not specified Not specified
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec NA NA 2.5, 6, 12.5, 25,50; 2.5, 6, 12.5, 25,50;
3, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 *** 3, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 ***
Automatic
brightness control NA NA Yes Yes

* Not to exceed manufacturer's x-ray tube limits. two pages covering
** High-contrast fluoroscopy levels available. the above model(s).
*** Depends in imaging system. These specifications
With multiple programmable kV/mA tracking curves. continue onto the

next page.

CMP200 30 kW : CMP200 40 kW : Indico 100 32 kW Indico 100 40 kW

CMP200 32 kW CMP200 50 kW
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No No Yes Yes
LINE-VOLTAGE
SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Error codes Error codes Error codes Error codes
POWER REQUIREMENTS 208/230 VAC, single- 400/480 VAC, 3-phase * 230 VAC, single- 213 VAC, single-
phase : 400/480 3- phase; 400/480, phase; 400/480,
phase * 3-phase * 3-phase *
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 3.7 x 10.9 x 12.3 3.7 x 10.9 x 12.3 3.7 x 16.6 x 12.3 3.7 x 16.6 x 12.3
(1.5 x 4.3 x 4.8) (1.5 x 4.3 x 4.8) (1.5 x 6.5 x 4.8) (1.5 x 6.5 x 4.8)
Weight, kg (lb) Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) 24.3 x 13.7 x 19.7 24.3 x 13.7 x 19.7 48.7 x 22 x 18.2 48.7 x 22 x 18.2
(9.6 x 5.4 x 7.8) (9.6 x 5.4 x 7.8) (19.2 x 8.7 x 7.2) (19.2 x 8.7 x 7.2)
Weight, kg (lb) 51 (112.5) 51 (112.5) 112 (247) 112 (247)
List price,
Warranty Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Optional GenWare Optional GenWare Optional GenWare Optional GenWare
service software, service software, service software, service software,
laptop interface, laptop interface, DSS, digital inter- DSS, digital inter-
pedestal stand, wall pedestal stand, wall face, laptop interface, laptop inter-
mount, x-ray hand- mount, x-ray hand- face, remote fluoro, face, remote fluoro,
switch, collimator, switch, collimator, pedestal stand, wall pedestal stand, wall
lamp power. lamp power. mount, x-ray hand- mount, x-ray hand-
switch, kV/mAs step- switch, kV/mAs step-
ping, color touch- ping, color touch-
screen, integral screen, integral
DAP, falling load DAP, falling load
operation, custom operation, custom
interfaces, 3-phase interfaces, 3-phase
208/240 VAC line 208/240 VAC line
adjust transformer. adjust transformer.

* Other output power levels available between 30 kW and 50 kW with single-phase input requirements.
X-ray Generators

Indico 100 50 kW Indico 100 65 kW Indico 100 80 kW Indico 100 100 kW

MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 50 65 80 100
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-150 40-150 40-150 40-150
mA range
Small focus 10-630 * 10-800 * 10-1,000 * 10-1,000 *
Large focus 10-630 * 10-800 * 10-1,000 * 10-1,000 *
mAs range 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC) 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC) 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC) 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC)
Timer range, sec 0.001-6.3 0.001-6.3 0.001-6.3 0.001-6.3
Switching FET inverter, FET inverter, FET inverter, FET inverter,

100 kHz 100 kHz 100 kHz 100 kHz
AEC Yes Yes Yes Yes
Detector type Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid-
state, or PMT state, or PMT state, or PMT state, or PMT
Anatomic
programming 768 techniques 768 techniques 768 techniques 768 techniques
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Yes Yes Yes

kV range 40-125 40-125 40-125 40-125
mA range 0.5-6 continuous ** 0.5-6 continuous ** 0.5-6 continuous ** 0.5-6 continuous **
Maximum number of
exposures/sec Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec 2.5, 6, 12.5, 25,50; 2.5, 6, 12.5, 25,50; 2.5, 6, 12.5, 25,50; 2.5, 6, 12.5, 25,50;
3, 7.5, 15, 20, 60 *** 3, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 *** 3, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 *** 3, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 ***
Automatic

** High-contrast fluoroscopy levels available. the above model(s).
*** Depends in imaging system. These specifications
With multiple programmable kV/mA tracking curves. continue onto the

next page.

Indico 100 50 kW Indico 100 65 kW Indico 100 80 kW Indico 100 100 kW

LINE-VOLTAGE
POWER REQUIREMENTS 400/480 VAC, 3-phase * 400/480 VAC, 3-phase * 400/480 VAC, 3-phase * 400/480 VAC, 3-
phase *
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
(1.5 x 6.5 x 4.8) (1.5 x 6.5 x 4.8) (1.5 x 6.5 x 4.8) (1.5 x 6.5 x 4.8)
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) 48.7 x 22 x 18.2 48.7 x 22 x 18.2 48.7 x 22 x 18.2 48.7 x 22 x 18.2
(19.2 x 8.7 x 7.2) (19.2 x 8.7 x 7.2) (19.2 x 8.7 x 7.2) (19.2 x 8.7 x 7.2)
Weight, kg (lb) 112 (247) 113 (249.2) 114 (251.4) 115 (253.6)
List price,
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Optional GenWare Optional GenWare Optional GenWare Optional GenWare
service software, service software, service software, service software,
DSS, digital inter- DSS, digital inter- DSS, digital inter- DSS, digital inter-
face, laptop interface, laptop interface, laptop interface, laptop inter-
face, remote fluoro, face, remote fluoro, face, remote fluoro, face, remote fluoro,
pedestal stand, wall pedestal stand, wall pedestal stand, wall pedestal stand, wall
mount, x-ray hand- mount, x-ray hand- mount, x-ray hand- mount, x-ray hand-
switch, kV/mAs step- switch, kV/mAs step- switch, kV/mAs step- switch, kV/mAs step-
ping, color touch- ping, color touch- ping, color touch- ping, color touch-
screen, integral screen, integral screen, integral screen, integral
DAP, falling load DAP, falling load DAP, falling load DAP, falling load
operation, custom operation, custom operation, custom operation, custom
interfaces, 3-phase interfaces, 3-phase interfaces. interfaces.
208/240 VAC line 208/240 VAC line
adjust transformer. adjust transformer.

* Other output power levels available between 30 kW and 50 kW with single-phase input requirements.
X-ray Generators

Indico 100L 30 kW : Indico 100L 50 kW MILLENIA 350 MILLENIA 650

Indico 100L 37.5 kW
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worlwide Worldwide Worldwide

MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 30 : 37.5 50 30 50
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-125 40-125 40-150 40-150
mA range
Small focus 25-300 : 25-375 * 25-500 * 10-320 10-630 *
Large focus 25-300 : 25-375 * 25-500 * 10-320 10-630 *
mAs range Not specified Not specified 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC) 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC)
Timer range, sec 0.001-6.3 0.001-6.3 0.002-6.3 0.002-6.3
Switching FET inverter, FET inverter, NA NA

100 kHz 100 kHz
AEC Yes Yes Yes Yes
Detector type Ion chamber or Ion chamber or Ion chamber or Ion chamber or
solid-state solid-state solid-state solid-state
Anatomic
programming 1,728 techniques 1,728 techniques 768 techniques 768 techniques
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No No Yes Yes

kV range NA NA 40-125 40-125
mA range NA NA 0.5-6 0.5-6
Maximum number of
exposures/sec NA NA Not specified Not specified
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance NA NA Not specified Not specified
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec NA NA 3, 7.5, 15, 30 3, 7.5, 15, 30
Automatic
brightness control NA NA Yes Yes

the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

Indico 100L 30 kW : Indico 100L 50 kW MILLENIA 350 MILLENIA 650

Indico 100L 37.5 kW
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No No Yes Yes
LINE-VOLTAGE
POWER REQUIREMENTS 230 VAC, single- 400/480 VAC, 3- 240 VAC, single- 400/480 VAC, 3-phase
phase; 400/480 3- phase phase; 400/480 VAC,
phase : 400/480 3- 3-phase
phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 3 x 17 x 8.8 3 x 17 x 8.8 6.1 x 55.9 x 23.1 6.1 x 55.9 x 23.1
(1.2 x 6.7 x 3.4) (1.2 x 6.7 x 3.4) (2.4 x 22 x 9.1) (2.4 x 22 x 9.1)
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) 37.5 x 16 x 18 37.5 x 16 x 18 17.7 x 61.3 x 53.3 17.7 x 61.3 x 53.3
(14.8 x 6.3 x 7.1) (14.8 x 6.3 x 7.1) (7 x 24.1 x 21.1) (7 x 24.1 x 21.1)
Weight, kg (lb) 90 (198.5) 90 (198.5) 240 (529.2) 240 (529.2)
List price,
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Optional services Optional services Optional GenWare Optional GenWare
software, laptop software, laptop service software, service software,
interface, pedestal interface, pedestal DSS, digital inter- DSS, digital inter-
stand, wall mount, stand, wall mount, face, laptop interface, laptop inter-
x-ray handswitch, x-ray handswitch, face, remote fluoro, face, remote fluoro,
150 kV option, 150 kV option, pedestal stand, wall pedestal stand, wall
collimator, lamp collimator, lamp mount, x-ray hand- mount, x-ray hand-
power. power. switch, A2EC**@,p- switch, A2EC2,
kV/mAs stepping. kV/mAs stepping.
X-ray Generators

MODEL CPI CPI DAEYOUNG DEL MEDICAL
FAILED TO RESPOND *
MILLENIA 850 MILLENIA 1050 DYD-1250Z ATC 525 : ATC 725
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Asia, Australia, Worldwide

Middle East
FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes No Yes

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes No No
TYPE High frequency High frequency Single-phase High frequency
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 65 80 50 40 : 50
mA @ kVp Not specified Not specified 500 @ 100 400 @ 100 :
500 @ 100
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-150 40-150 45-125 40-125
mA range
Small focus 10-800 ** 10-1,000 ** 50-100 600 max : 700 max
Large focus 10-800 ** 10-1,000 ** 200-500 600 max : 700 max
mAs range 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC) 0.5-1,000 (non-AEC) 1-800 1-500 : 1-600
Timer range, sec 0.002-6.3 0.001-6.3 0.02-6 0.01-6
Switching NA NA Not specified SCR inverter
AEC Yes Yes No Optional

Detector type Ion chamber or Ion chamber or Not specified Ion chamber
solid-state solid-state
Anatomic
programming 768 techniques 768 techniques Yes Yes
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Yes No No

kV range 40-125 40-125 NA NA
mA range 0.5-6 0.5-6 NA NA
Maximum number of
exposures/sec Not specified Not specified NA NA
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance Not specified Not specified NA NA
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec 3, 7.5, 15, 30 3, 7.5, 15, 30 NA NA
Automatic
brightness control Yes Yes NA NA

* Specifications current as of March 2000. two pages covering
** Not to exceed manufacturer's x-ray tube limits. the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL CPI CPI DAEYOUNG DEL MEDICAL
FAILED TO RESPOND *
MILLENIA 850 MILLENIA 1050 DYD-1250Z ATC 525 : ATC 725
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE Yes Yes No Optional

LINE-VOLTAGE
COMPENSATION Automatic Automatic Manual Yes
SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Error codes Error codes Yes Yes
POWER REQUIREMENTS 400/480 VAC, 3-phase 400/480 VAC, 3-phase 220/380/440 VAC, 208-240 VAC, 1-phase
50/60 Hz (30 kW version) or
208-480 VAC, 3-phase
: 208-480 VAC,
3-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 6.1 x 55.9 x 23.1 6.1 x 55.9 x 23.1 92 x 53 x 36 92.7 x 40.6 x 32.4
(2.4 x 22 x 9.1) (2.4 x 22 x 9.1) (36.2 x 20.9 x 14.2) (36.5 x 16 x 12.8)
Weight, kg (lb) Not specified Not specified 75 (165.4) 36.3 (80)
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) 17.7 x 61.3 x 53.3 17.7 x 61.3 x 53.3 42 x 45 x 52 161 x 67.3 x 49.5
(7 x 24.1 x 21.1) (7 x 24.1 x 21.1) (16.5 x 17.7 x 20.5) (63.3 x 26.5 x 19.5)
rack cabinet
Weight, kg (lb) 240 (529.2) 240 (529.2) 166 (366) 272 (600)
List price,
std configuration Not specified Not specified $15,000 $17,500 : $25,000
Warranty Not specified Not specified 2 years 1 year, parts
Year first sold Not specified Not specified 1995 1991

Fiscal year Not specified Not specified January to December August to July
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Optional GenWare Optional GenWare None specified. Meets requirements
service software, service software, of ISO 9001 and UL.
DSS, digital inter- DSS, digital inter-
face, laptop interface, laptop inter-
face, remote fluoro, face, remote fluoro,
pedestal stand, wall pedestal stand, wall
mount, x-ray hand- mount, x-ray hand-
switch, A2EC2, switch, A2EC2,
kV/mAs stepping. kV/mAs stepping.

* Specifications current as of March 2000.
X-ray Generators

MODEL DEL MEDICAL DEL MEDICAL DEL MEDICAL EMD TECHNOLOGIES
ATC 550 : ATC 750 ATC 650 : ATC 850 GX-525 CPX 160
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide, except

Europe

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes No No
TYPE High frequency High frequency High frequency Constant potential
MICROPROCESSOR
CONTROLLED Yes Yes No Yes
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 40 : 50 65 : 80 30 60
mA @ kVp 400 @ 100 : 800 @ 80, 630 @ 300 @ 100 800 @ 75
500 @ 100 100 : 1,000 @ 80,
800 @ 100
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-150 40-150 40-125 40-150
mA range
Small focus 320 max 320 max 500 max 10-800 *
Large focus 500 max : 600 max 800 max : 1,000 max 500 max 10-800 *
mAs range 0.5-1,000 0.5-1,000 1-500 0.4-1,000
Timer range, sec 0.002-6 0.002-6 0.0083-6 0.001-8
Switching SCR inverter SCR inverter SCR inverter HV solid-state

secondary
AEC Optional Optional Optional Yes
Detector type Ion chamber Ion chamber Ion chamber Ion chamber or PMT
Anatomic
programming Yes Yes No Yes
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Optional Optional No Yes

kV range 40-125 40-125 NA 40-125
mA range 0.5-6 0.5-6 NA 0.5-10 continuous,

10-50 pulsed
Maximum number of
exposures/sec 30 30 NA Not specified
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance Not specified Not specified NA 5; 10 with ABS
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec Not specified 3.75/7.5/15/30 NA 30, 15, 10, 7.5, 5,
3.75 (optional)
Automatic
brightness control Yes Yes NA Yes **

* Automatic/manual focal spot selection. two pages covering
** With 2 editable kV/mA tracking curves. the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL DEL MEDICAL DEL MEDICAL DEL MEDICAL EMD TECHNOLOGIES
ATC 550 : ATC 750 ATC 650 : ATC 850 GX-525 CPX 160
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE Optional Optional Optional Yes

LINE-VOLTAGE
COMPENSATION Yes Yes Yes Automatic
POWER REQUIREMENTS 400/480 VAC, 3-phase 400/480 VAC, 3-phase 240 VAC, 150 A, 208/220-240/400-480
60 Hz, 1-phase or VAC, 50/60 Hz,
208-480 VAC, single-phase
50/60 Hz, 3-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 88.9 x 55.9 x 25.4 88.9 x 55.9 x 25.4 33 x 25.4 x 7.6 6.6 x 43 x 23
(35 x 22 x 10) (35 x 22 x 10) (13 x 10 x 3) (2.6 x 17 x 9)
Weight, kg (lb) 13.6 (30) 13.6 (30) 36.3 (80) 1 (2.2)
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) 175 x 61 x 54 175 x 61 x 54 27.9 x 38.1 x 43.2 155 x 56 x 53
(68.9 x 24 x 21.3) (68.9 x 24 x 21.3) (11 x 15 x 17); 46 x (61 x 22 x 21)
rack cabinet rack cabinet 66 x 46 (18 x 26 x
18) power module
Weight, kg (lb) 317.5 (700) 317.5 (700) 54 (118); 55 (120) 545 (1,200)
power module
List price,
std configuration $20,000 : $23,500 $40,575 : $50,775 $13,000 Not specified
Warranty 1 year, parts 1 year, parts 1 year, parts 1 year
Year first sold 1999 1990 1987 1996

Fiscal year August to July August to July August to July June to May
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Meets requirements Meets requirements Meets requirements Integrated low-speed
of ISO 9001 and of ISO 9001 and of ISO 9001 and UL. starter; high-speed
UL 2601. UL 2601. starter; automatic
tube calibration;
anode heat integra-
tor; mA stabilizer;
x-ray tube overload
protection; standard
universal interface;
single cabinet and
console. Complies
with most standards.
X-ray Generators

MODEL EMD TECHNOLOGIES EMD TECHNOLOGIES EMD TECHNOLOGIES EMD TECHNOLOGIES
CPX 360 CPX 380 CPX 3100 EPS 28CT :

EPS 42CT

TYPE Constant potential Constant potential Constant potential High frequency
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 60 80 100 28 : 42
mA @ kVp 800 @ 75 1,000 @ 80 1,000 @ 100 200 @ 140 :
300 @ 140
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-150 40-150 40-150 100-140
mA range
Small focus 10-800 * 10-1,000 * 10-1,000 * NA
Large focus 10-800 * 10-1,000 * 10-1,000 * NA
mAs range 0.4-1,000 0.4-1,000 0.4-1,000 NA
Timer range, sec 0.001-8 0.001-8 0.001-8 Duty cycle 20%,

60 sec on, 4 min off
Switching HV solid-state HV solid-state HV solid-state IGBT
secondary secondary secondary
AEC Yes Yes Yes No
Detector type Ion chamber or PMT Ion chamber or PMT PMT or photodiode NA
Anatomic
programming Yes Yes Yes No
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Yes Yes No

kV range 40-125 40-125 40-125 NA
mA range 0.5-10 continuous, 0.5-10 continuous, 0.5-10 continuous, NA

10-50 pulsed 10-50 pulsed 10-200 pulsed
Maximum number of
exposures/sec Not specified Not specified Not specified NA
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance 5; 10 with ABS 5; 10 with ABS 5; 10; 20 with ABS NA
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec 30, 15, 10, 7.5, 5, 30, 15, 10, 7.5, 5, 30, 15, 7.5 NA
3.75 (optional) 3.75 (optional)
Automatic
brightness control Yes ** Yes ** Yes NA

* Automatic/manual focal spot selection. two pages covering
** With 2 editable kV/mA tracking curves. the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

CPX 360 CPX 380 CPX 3100 EPS 28CT :

EPS 42CT
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE Yes Yes Yes No
LINE-VOLTAGE
COMPENSATION Automatic Automatic Automatic DC input
POWER REQUIREMENTS 208/220-240/400-480 208/220-240/400-480 400-480 VAC, 270-500 VOC

VAC, 50/60 Hz, VAC, 50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase
3-phase 3-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 6.6 x 43 x 23 6.6 x 43 x 23 6.6 x 43 x 23 NA
(2.6 x 17 x 9) (2.6 x 17 x 9) (2.6 x 17 x 9)
Weight, kg (lb) 1 (2.2) 1 (2.2) 1 (2.2) NA
HV transformer
(63 x 22 x 23) (63 x 22 x 23) (63 x 22 x 23) (8.7 x 11 x 16.1)
Weight, kg (lb) 636 (1,400) 636 (1,400) 636 (1,400) 18.5 (40.8)
List price,
Warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year 1 year
Year first sold 1998 1996 1996 2003

Fiscal year June to May June to May June to May June to May
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Integrated low-speed Integrated low-speed For cardiovascular Immunity to tube
starter; high-speed starter; high-speed applications; arcs; solid di-
starter; automatic starter; automatic standard pulse electric HV units;
tube calibration; tube calibration; fluoroscopy with high-efficiency
anode heat integra- anode heat integra- nongridded tubes; power converter;
tor; mA stabilizer; tor; mA stabilizer; anode heat integra- designed for comp-
x-ray tube overload x-ray tube overload tor; integrated uted tomography.
protection; standard protection; standard high-speed starter; Meets requirements
universal interface; universal interface; standard universal for Canada and U.S.
single cabinet and single cabinet and interface. Complies (CSA, UL); CE
console; optional console. Complies with most standards. directive 93/42/EEC
integrated high- with most standards. Class II B.
speed starter.
Complies with most
standards.
X-ray Generators

EPS 45R : EPS 45RF : EPS 65R : EPS 65RF :

EPS 50R EPS 50RF EPS 80R EPS 80RF
Yes Yes Yes Yes

CE MARK (MDD)
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 45 : 50 45 : 50 65 : 80 65 : 80
mA @ kVp 500 @ 90 : 500 @ 90 : 800 @ 80 : 800 @ 80 :
630 @ 80 630 @ 80 1,000 @ 80 1,000 @ 80
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-150 40-150 40-150 40-150
mA range
Small focus 10-500 : 10-630 10-500 : 10-630 10-800 : 10-1,000 10-800 : 10-1,000
Large focus 10-500 : 10-630 10-500 : 10-630 10-800 : 10-1,000 10-800 : 10-1,000
mAs range 0.4-1,000 0.4-1,000 0.4-1,000 0.4-1,000
Timer range, sec 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.001-10
Switching IGBT IGBT IGBT IGBT

Detector type Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid-
state state, PMT, photo- state state, PMT, photo-
diode diode
Anatomic
programming Up to 1,536 programs Up to 1,536 programs Up to 1,536 programs Up to 1,536 programs
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No Yes No Yes

kV range NA 50-125 NA 50-125
mA range NA 0.1-10 continuous, NA 0.1-10 continuous;

2.5-75 pulsed 2.5-75 pulsed
Maximum number of
exposures/sec NA Up to 90 (optional) NA Up to 90 (optional)
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance NA 5 : 10 with ABS, 20 NA 5 : 10 with ABS, 20
high-level fluoro high-level fluoro
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec NA 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 30 NA 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 30
Automatic
brightness control NA Yes NA Yes

two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

EPS 45R : EPS 45RF : EPS 65R : EPS 65RF :

EPS 50R EPS 50RF EPS 80R EPS 80RF
X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 1; 2 optional 1; 2 optional 1; 2 optional 1; 2 optional
LINE-VOLTAGE
POWER REQUIREMENTS 400/480 VAC, 400/480 VAC, 400/480 VAC, 400-480 VAC,
50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
(2.2 x 13.1 x 10.9) (2.2 x 13.1 x 10.9) (2.2 x 13.1 x 10.9) (2.2 x 13.1 x 10.9)
Weight, kg (lb) 2.6 (5.7) 2.6 (5.7) 2.6 (5.7) 2.6 (5.7)
HV transformer
(22.6 x 17.2 x 18.7) (22.6 x 17.2 x 18.7) (22.6 x 17.2 x 18.7) (22.6 x 17.2 x 18.7)
Weight, kg (lb) 45 (99.2) : 45 (99.2) : 55 (121.3) : 55 (121.3) :

50 (110.3) 50 (110.3) 60 (132.3) 60 (132.3)
List price,
Warranty 18 months 18 months 18 months 18 months
Year first sold 2003 2003 2003 2003

Fiscal year June to May June to May June to May June to May
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Integrated low speed Integrated low speed Integrated low speed Integrated low speed
or high speed anode or high speed anode or high speed anode or high speed anode
drive; automatic drive; automatic drive; automatic drive; automatic
tube calibration; tube calibration; tube calibration; tube calibration;
flexible interface flexible interface flexible interface flexible interface
including support including support including support including support
for flat-panel, for flat-panel, for flat-panel, for flat-panel,
canbus, RS-232. Full canbus, RS-232. Full canbus, RS-232. Full canbus, RS-232. Full
QA CSA 22.2.114/601, QA CSA 22.2.114/601, QA CSA 22.2.114/601, QA CSA 22.2.114/601,
UL 2601; CE UL 2601; CE UL 2601; CE UL 2601; CE
directive 93/42/EEC directive 93/42/EEC directive 93/42/EEC directive 93/42/EEC
Class II B. Class II B. Class II B. Class II B.
X-ray Generators

MODEL FURRER GE MEDICAL GE MEDICAL GE MEDICAL
Raypower RP-50 MPH Proteus XR/a Silhouette VR

50 : 65 : 80
WHERE MARKETED Internationally Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide
FDA CLEARANCE No Yes Yes Yes

TYPE High frequency High frequency, Not specified Not specified

100 kHz
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 50 50 : 65 : 80 32, 50, 65, 80 32; 50 optional
mA @ kVp 500 @ 100 See footnote * Not specified Not specified
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-125 40-150 40-150 kVp 40-150 kVp
mA range
Small focus 1-300 Not specified 10-400 @ 32 kW ** 10-400; 630 @ 50 kW
Large focus 1-500 Not specified 10-400 @ 32 kW ** 10-400; 630 @ 50 kW
mAs range 0.5-600 0.5-640 Not specified Not specified
Timer range, sec 0.003-5 0.001-6.4 0.0001-6.3 0.00125-6.3;

0.001 (50 kW)
Switching IGBT IGBT Not specified Not specified
AEC Optional Yes Yes Yes

Anatomic
programming 75 programs 48 programmable >1,700 programs >1,700 programs
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No Yes No No

kV range NA 40-125 NA NA
mA range NA 0.4-10 NA NA
Maximum number of
exposures/sec NA 12 NA NA
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance NA 95 NA NA
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec NA Not specified NA NA
Automatic
brightness control NA Yes NA NA

* [640 : 800 : 1,000 mA] @ 80 kVp; [500 : 600 : 800 mA] @ 100 kVp; [400 : 520 : 640 mA] @ 125 kVp; [333 : 433 : 533 mA] two pages covering
@ 150 kVp. the above model(s).
** 10-630 @ 50 kW, 10-800 @ 65 kW, 10-1,000 @ 80 kW. These specifications
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL FURRER GE MEDICAL GE MEDICAL GE MEDICAL
Raypower RP-50 MPH Proteus XR/a Silhouette VR

50 : 65 : 80
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No Optional Optional No
LINE-VOLTAGE
COMPENSATION Automatic Yes 10% 10%
POWER REQUIREMENTS 360-440 VAC, 380-480 VAC, 380-480 VAC, 10%; 380-480 VAC, 10%;
50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 5%; 50/60 Hz, 5%;
3-phase 3-phase 3-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 28 x 20 x 4 195.1 x 101.6 x 44.5 159.8 x 45 x 54.9 NA (integrated into
(11 x 7.9 x 1.6) (76.8 x 40 x 17.5) (62.9 x 17.7 x 21.6) table base)
Weight, kg (lb) 0.8 (1.8) 299.3 (660) 401 (884.2) NA
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) Integral Not specified Included in control 48.3 x 40 x 49.7
cabinet (19 x 15.7 x 19.6)
Weight, kg (lb) 55 (121) Not specified Included in control 30 (66)

cabinet
List price,
std configuration Not specified Not specified Not specified NA

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS High-power inverter None specified. None specified. Integrated into
IGBT; micro- table base to save
processor space.
controlled; fault
self-diagnostic on
display.
X-ray Generators

MODEL GTR LABS GTR LABS GTR LABS GTR LABS
CF-3 CR-30RF CR-50RF CR-600C

CE MARK (MDD) No No No No
TYPE High frequency High frequency High frequency High frequency,

cardiac cath lab
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 6 30 50 60
mA @ kVp 50 @ 125 300 @ 100 500 @ 100 600 @ 100
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range NA 40-125 40-150 NA
mA range
Small focus NA 25-400 25-600 NA
Large focus NA 25-400 25-600 NA
mAs range NA 0.05-600 0.05-600 NA
Timer range, sec NA 0.002-6 0.002-6 NA
Switching NA Inverter Inverter NA
AEC NA Yes No NA
Detector type NA Ion chamber NA NA
Anatomic
programming No No No NA

kV range 40-125 40-125 40-125 40-125
mA range 15-50 15-25 15-25 25-600
Maximum number of
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance 10 with ABS 10 with ABS 10 with ABS 10 with ABS
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec 1-60 1-60 1-60 1-60
Automatic

two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

CF-3 CR-30RF CR-50RF CR-600C
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No Yes Yes No

LINE-VOLTAGE
POWER REQUIREMENTS 188-253 VAC, 50/60 188-253 VAC, 50/60 188-253 VAC, 50/60 188-253 VAC, 50/60
Hz, single-phase Hz, single-phase Hz, 3-phase Hz, 3-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 61 x 63.5 x 25.4 61 x 63.5 x 25.4 61 x 63.5 x 25.4 68.6 x 81.3 x 193
(24 x 25 x 10) (24 x 25 x 10) (24 x 25 x 10) (27 x 32 x 76)
Weight, kg (lb) 22.9 (50) 31.7 (70) 31.7 (70) 136 (300)
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) 30.5 x 40.6 x 30.5 30.5 x 40.6 x 30.5 30.5 x 40.6 x 30.5 Included
(12 x 16 x 12) (12 x 16 x 12) (12 x 16 x 12)
Weight, kg (lb) 38.5 (85) 38.5 (85) 38.5 (85) Included
List price,
std configuration $14,600 $16,150 $17,710 $21,875
Year first sold 1996 1996 1996 1996

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS UL listed. UL listed. UL listed. UL listed.
X-ray Generators

V-325 V-425 V-550 V-650

MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 20 30 40 50
mA @ kVp 200 @ 100 300 @ 100 400 @ 100 500 @ 100
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-125 40-125 40-150 40-150
mA range
Small focus 25-300 25-400 25-500 25-600
Large focus 25-300 25-400 25-500 25-600
mAs range 0.05-600 0.05-600 0.05-600 0.05-600
Timer range, sec 0.002-6 0.002-6 0.002-6 0.002-6
Switching Inverter Inverter Inverter Inverter
AEC Optional Optional Yes Yes

Anatomic
programming No No No No
Maximum number of
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
Automatic

two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

V-325 V-425 V-550 V-650

LINE-VOLTAGE
POWER REQUIREMENTS 188-253 VAC, 50/60 188-253 VAC, 50/60 188-253 VAC, 50/60 188-253 VAC, 50/60
Hz, single-phase Hz, single-phase Hz, 3-phase (option- Hz, 3-phase (option-
al 380 VAC, 3-phase) al 380 VAC, 3-phase)
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 111.8 x 61 x 31.8 111.8 x 61 x 31.8 111.8 x 61 x 31.8 111.8 x 61 x 31.8
(44 x 24 x 12.5) (44 x 24 x 12.5) (44 x 24 x 12.5) (44 x 24 x 12.5)
Weight, kg (lb) 68 (150) 68 (150) 68 (150) 68 (150)
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) Included Included Included Included
Weight, kg (lb) Included Included Included Included
List price,
std configuration $7,290 (plus $9,115 (plus $11,400 $14,230
options) options)
Year first sold 2000 2000 2000 2000

of UL 2601. of UL 2601. of UL 2601. of UL 2601.
X-ray Generators

MODEL LISTEM LISTEM LISTEM LISTEM
DXG-325R DXG-525R MC 120 NCG600
WHERE MARKETED Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
FDA CLEARANCE No No No No
CE MARK (MDD) No No No No
TYPE Single-phase, Single-phase, Single-phase, Single-phase,

full wave full wave full wave full wave
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 22 37 7.5 Not specified
mA @ kVp 300 @ 100, 500 @ 100, 300 @ 125 100 @ 120 kV 57 @ 120 kVp,
200 @ 125 600 @ 90 kVp
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-125 40-125 120 55, 73, 90, 120
mA range
Small focus 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Large focus 2.0 mm 2.0 mm 2.0 mm 2.0 mm
mAs range 0.4-600 mAs 0.01-500 1.5-100 Not specified
Timer range, sec 0.008-6 0.008-6 Not specified Not specified
Switching Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

Detector type Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Anatomic
programming No No Yes Yes
Maximum number of
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
Automatic

two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL LISTEM LISTEM LISTEM LISTEM
DXG-325R DXG-525R MC 120 NCG600
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE Not specified Not specified No No

X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 125 kVp 125 kVp 125 kVp 125 kVp
LINE-VOLTAGE
COMPENSATION Yes Yes Manual Manual
SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Yes Yes Not specified Not specified
POWER REQUIREMENTS 220 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 220 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 220 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 220/380/415 VAC,
single-phase single-phase single-phase 60 Hz, single-
phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 95 x 30 x 62 Not specified 24 x 42 x 33 53 x 31 x 75
(37.4 x 11.8 x 24.4) (9.4 x 16.5 x 13) (20.9 x 12.2 x 29.5)
Weight, kg (lb) 120 (264.6) Not specified 20 (44.1) 60 (132.3)
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) 76 x 43 x 53 Not specified 37 x 44 x 33 36 x 41 x 60
(29.9 x 16.9 x 20.9) (14.6 x 17.3 x 13) (14.2 x 16.1 x 23.6)
Weight, kg (lb) 220 (485.1) 105 (231.5) 60 (132.3) 80 (176.4)
List price,
Warranty 18 months 18 months 18 months 18 months
of ISO 9001. of ISO 9001. of ISO 9001. of ISO 9001.
X-ray Generators

MODEL LISTEM MEDITECH MEDSTONE MEDSTONE
X ENT BBX-50 (30/80) xhf 315 mammography xhf 330
WHERE MARKETED Not specified Germany Worldwide Worldwide
FDA CLEARANCE No No Yes Yes

CE MARK (MDD) No Yes Yes Yes
TYPE Single-phase, 3-phase (6- or 12- 100 kHz resonance 100 kHz resonance
full wave pulse)
MICROPROCESSOR
CONTROLLED Yes Software controlled Yes Yes
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 2.5 50 (30-80) 15 kW @ 69 kVp 30
mA @ kVp 200 @ 85 kVp 500 @ 100; 300-800 @ 217 mA @ 69 kVp 300
not specified
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 75, 85 40-125, optional 150 20-69 40-135 kVp
mA range
Small focus 2.0 mm 50-200 Tube dependent Tube dependent
Large focus 2.0 mm 50-500 Tube dependent Tube dependent
mAs range 0.29-200 mAs 1-600 maximum 1,000 500

programmable
Timer range, sec Not specified 0.004-3.6 0.003-32 0.003-6
Switching Not specified Thyristor 200 kHz 200 kHz
AEC Optional Yes Yes Yes

Detector type Not specified Ion chamber Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid-
state state
Anatomic
programming Yes 80 programs Yes Yes
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No Yes No Optional

kV range NA 125 max * NA 40-125
mA range NA See footnote * NA 25, 32, 40
Maximum number of
exposures/sec NA Not specified NA 30
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance NA Not specified NA Selectable
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec NA Not specified NA 7.5-30
Automatic
brightness control NA Not specified NA Yes

* Range is dose rate controlled. two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL LISTEM MEDITECH MEDSTONE MEDSTONE
X ENT BBX-50 (30/80) xhf 315 mammography xhf 330
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No Yes Yes Yes

X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 125 kVp 2 with 2 focal spots 1 (mammographic 1
single port)
LINE-VOLTAGE
COMPENSATION Manual Automatic Automatic Automatic
SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Not specified Text message on Yes Yes

screen
POWER REQUIREMENTS 220 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 400 VAC 10%, 208/380/425 VAC, 220-240 VAC, single-
single-phase 50/60 Hz, 140 A, 3-phase phase; 208/380/425
3-phase VAC, 3-phase;
battery supported
from wall outlet
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 30 x 7 x 19 190 x 60 x 410 4.5 x 30.5 x 34 4.5 x 30.5 x 34
(11.8 x 2.8 x 7.5) (74.8 x 23.6 x (1.8 x 12 x 13.4) (1.8 x 12 x 13.4)
161.4); 35 x 40 x 40
(13.8 x 15.7 x 15.7)
touchscreen monitor
Weight, kg (lb) Not specified 120 (265); 8 (17.6) 3 (6.6) 3 (6.6)

touchscreen monitor
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) 19 x 26 x 26 100 x 50 x 50 35.6 x 50.8 x 37.5 35.6 x 50.8 x 37.5
(7.5 x 10.2 x 10.2) (39.4 x 19.7 x 19.7) (14 x 20 x 14.8) (14 x 20 x 14.8)
Weight, kg (lb) Not specified 300 (661) 110 (242.6) 110 (242.6)
List price,
std configuration Not specified DM 35,000-40,000 Not specified Not specified
(US$15,259-17,438)
Warranty 18 months 1 year 2 years 2 years
Year first sold Not specified 1992 2002 1999

Fiscal year Not specified January to December Not specified Not specified
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Meets requirements Touchscreen virtual None specified. None specified.
of ISO 9001. keyboard; integrated
software-generated
constancy check;
printer documenta-
tion of patient
examination parame-
ters; can be used
with available old
system HV trans-
formers (Siemens,
Picker, Europa, TUR,
GEMS, Hofmann,
Italray, etc.).
X-ray Generators

MODEL MEDSTONE MEDSTONE METALTRONICA PACIONI
xhf 340 xhf 350 : xhf 355 TORIX 90 CLINIX-HF 650
FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes No Not specified

TYPE 100 kHz resonance 100 kHz resonance High frequency, High frequency,
25 kHz (50 kHz 100 kHz, 3-phase
ripple)
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 40 50 14 50 or 80
mA @ kVp 400 500 140 @ 100, 600 @ 80, 500 @ 100,
200 @ 60, 400 @ 125, 320 @ 125
130 @ 84, or 800 @ 100, 640 @
100 @ 120 125, 530 @ 150
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-135 kVp 40-135 : 40-150 40-120 40-150 (111 steps)
mA range
Small focus Tube dependent Tube dependent 100-200 35-600 (10 steps) *
Large focus Tube dependent Tube dependent NA 35-600 (10 steps) *
mAs range 500 (optional up to 500 (optional up to 0.3-200 Not specified

2,300) 2,300)
Timer range, sec 0.003-13 0.003-13 0.0015-2 0.002-9 (35 steps)
Switching 200 kHz 200 kHz Mosfet inverter FET
AEC Yes Yes Optional Yes

Detector type Ion chamber, solid- Ion chamber, solid- Not specified Ion chamber, solid-
state state state
Anatomic
programming Yes Yes 16 programs 840 programmable
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Optional Optional No Yes

kV range 40-125 40-125 NA 40-120 (81 steps)
mA range 25-400 25-400 NA 0.5-5 (10 steps)
Maximum number of
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance Selectable Selectable NA Not specified
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec 7.5-30 7.5-30 NA Not specified
Automatic
brightness control Yes Yes NA Yes

* Or 20-1,000 (10 steps). two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL MEDSTONE MEDSTONE METALTRONICA PACIONI
xhf 340 xhf 350 : xhf 355 TORIX 90 CLINIX-HF 650
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE Yes Yes No Yes

X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 1 1 1 2; 4 accessories
LINE-VOLTAGE
SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Yes Yes Display of Error messages

defective block
POWER REQUIREMENTS 208/380/425 VAC, 208/380/425 VAC, 220/230/240 VAC, 380/440/480 VAC,
3-phase 3-phase 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz, 3-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 4.5 x 30.5 x 34 4.5 x 30.5 x 34 105 x 70 x 50 87 x 43 x 19
(1.8 x 12 x 13.4) (1.8 x 12 x 13.4) (41.3 x 27.5 x 19.7) (34.3 x 16.9 x 7.5)
Weight, kg (lb) 3 (6.6) 3 (6.6) 155 (342) 36 (79.4)
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) 35.6 x 50.8 x 37.5 35.6 x 50.8 x 37.5 Included in cabinet Included in cabinet
(14 x 20 x 14.8) (14 x 20 x 14.8)
Weight, kg (lb) 110 (242.6) 110 (242.6) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet
List price,
std configuration Not specified Not specified $17,000-30,500 15,000 (US$15,937),
17,000 (US$18,062)
Warranty 2 years 2 years 1 year Not specified
Year first sold 1999 2002 Not specified 1994

Fiscal year Not specified Not specified January to December January to December
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. Low-voltage LED and LCD dis-
capacitor discharge; plays; anatomic and
LCD; tube overload free techniques; de-
microprocessor signed to supply
controlled; power to 1 or 2
automatic line separate diagnostic
compensation. radiology rooms
without having to
install the control
unit in the middle
(a small console in
each room permits
operator to program
automatic anatomic
techniques); IQ Net.
Meets requirements
of EN 46001 and
ISO 9001.
X-ray Generators

MODEL PHILIPS PHILIPS PHILIPS PHILIPS
OPTIMUS 50 OPTIMUS 65 OPTIMUS 80 SUPER 50 CP

TYPE Direct-current Direct-current Direct-current High frequency,

equivalent, high equivalent, high equivalent, high multipulse (12-pulse
voltage generated by voltage generated by voltage generated by equivalent)
converters converters converters
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 50 65 80 50
mA @ kVp 650 @ 70, 900 @ 70, 1,100 @ 70, 630 @ 80,
500 @ 100, 650 @ 100, 800 @ 100, 500 @ 100,
400 @ 125, 520 @ 125, 640 @ 125, 400 @ 125,
333 @ 150 433 @ 150 533 @ 150 320 2 150
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-150 40-150 40-150 40-150
mA range
Small focus 1-650 1-900 1-1,100 10-630
Large focus 1-650 (depends on 1-900 (depends on 1-1,100 (depends on 10-630 (depends on
tube type) tube type) tube type) tube type)
mAs range 0.5-850 0.5-800 0.5-800 0.5-850
Timer range, sec 0.001-6 0.001-6 0.01-6 0.001-6
Switching Transistor Transistor Transistor Thyristor
AEC Yes Yes Yes Yes

Detector type Ion chamber (4), Ion chamber (4), Ion chamber (4), Ion chamber (6)
photodiode (1) photodiode (1) photodiode (1)
Anatomic
programming Yes Yes Yes Yes

kV range 40-110 40-110 40-110 40-110
mA range 0.1-3, 0.1-6 0.1-3, 0.1-6 0.1-3, 0.1-6 0.1-3, 0.1-6,

30 max
Maximum number of
exposures/sec 6 6 6 8*
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec No No Not specified 0.5-15
Automatic

* Up to 100 (cine operation). two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL PHILIPS PHILIPS PHILIPS PHILIPS
OPTIMUS 50 OPTIMUS 65 OPTIMUS 80 SUPER 50 CP

X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 2 (3 with EXT) 2 (3 with EXT) 2 (3 with EXT) 3
LINE-VOLTAGE
SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Displays error codes Displays error codes Displays error codes Displays error codes
POWER REQUIREMENTS 400 VAC 10%, 400 VAC 10%, 400 VAC 10%, 400 VAC +6/-10% with
50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase neutral and ground
conductors,
3-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
(76.8 x 21.6 x 20.5) (76.8 x 21.6 x 20.5) (76.8 x 21.6 x 20.5) (76.8 x 21.6 x 20.5)
Weight, kg (lb) 220 (485) 220 (485) 220 (485) 250 (552)
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet 105 x 53 x 52
(41.3 x 20.9 x 20.5)
Weight, kg (lb) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet 126 (277.8)
List price,
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS 1,000+ APRs; Vario 1,000+ APRs; Vario 1,000+ APRS; Vario DSI compatible;
Focus; x-ray tube Focus; x-ray tube Focus; x-ray tube control desk; grid-
overload protection; overload protection; overload protection; controlled (pulsed)
6 x 43 x 33.5 cm 6 x 43 x 33.5 cm 6 x 43 x 33.5 cm fluoroscopy; comp-
(2.4 x 17 x 13.2 in) (2.4 x 17 x 13.2 in) (2.4 x 17 x 13.2 in) uter-corrected
operator control operator control operator control exposure parameters
panel; tomographic panel; tomographic panel; tomographic based on fluoro-
density control. density control. density control. scopic data; single-
plane cine imaging;
interface for
universal and
peripheral angio;
optional patient
data printout.
X-ray Generators

MODEL PHILIPS PHILIPS RENDIX RENDIX
SUPER 80 CP SUPER 100 CP Harmonix 350HF : Harmonix 850HF :

Harmonix 650HF Harmonix 1050HF
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Israel Israel

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Not specified Not specified
TYPE High frequency, High frequency, High frequency, High frequency,

multipulse (12-pulse multipulse (12-pulse single-phase : 3-phase
equivalent) equivalent) High frequency,
3-phase
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 80 100 30 : 50 65 : 80
mA @ kVp 1,000 @ 80, 1,000 @ 100, 300 @ 100, 800 @ 80,
800 @ 100, 800 @ 125, 200 @ 150 : 400 @ 150 :
630 @ 125, 630 @ 150 600 @ 80, 1,000 @ 80,
500 @ 150 300 @ 150 500 @ 150
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-150 40-150 40-150 40-150
mA range
Small focus 10-1,000 10-1,000 10-300 : 10-600 10-800 : 10-1,000
Large focus 10-1,000 (depends on 10-1,000 (depends on 10-300 : 10-600 10-800 : 10-1,000
tube type) tube type)
mAs range 0.5-850 0.5-850 0.5-600 0.5-600
Timer range, sec 0.001-6 0.001-6 0.006-6 : 0.002-6 0.002-6
Switching Thyristor Thyristor SCR SCR
AEC Yes Yes Yes Yes

Detector type Ion chamber (6) Ion chamber (6) Ion chamber Ion chamber
Anatomic
programming Yes Yes 216 programmable 216 programmable

kV range 40-110 40-110 50-125 50-125
mA range 0.1-3, 0.1-6, 0.1-3, 0.1-6, 0.5-5 0.5-5

30 max 30 max
Maximum number of
exposures/sec 8* 8* Not specified 25 : 50
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance Not specified Not specified 5 and 10, adjusted 5 and 10, adjusted
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec 0.5-15 0.5-15 Not specified : In development :
In development Up to 60
Automatic

* Up to 100 (cine operation). two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL PHILIPS PHILIPS RENDIX RENDIX
SUPER 80 CP SUPER 100 CP Harmonix 350HF : Harmonix 850HF :

Harmonix 650HF Harmonix 1050HF
LINE-VOLTAGE
SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Displays error codes Displays error codes Yes Yes
POWER REQUIREMENTS 400 VAC +6/-10% with 400 VAC +6/-10% with 220 or 380 VAC : 380 or 480 VAC
neutral and ground neutral and ground 380 or 480 VAC
conductors, conductors,
3-phase 3-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
(76.8 x 21.6 x 20.5) (76.8 x 21.6 x 20.5) (71 x 24 x 22) (71 x 24 x 22)
Weight, kg (lb) 250 (552) 250 (552) 150 (330) 150 (330)
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) 105 x 53 x 52 105 x 53 x 52 Included in cabinet Included in cabinet
(41.3 x 20.9 x 20.5) (41.3 x 20.9 x 20.5)
Weight, kg (lb) 126 (277.8) 126 (277.8) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet
List price,
std configuration Not specified Not specified $25,000 : $44,000 $53,000 : $65,000
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS DSI compatible; DSI compatible; Touchscreen; 2- or Touchscreen; 2- or
control desk; grid- control desk; grid- 3-point; heat dis- 3-point; heat dis-
controlled (pulsed) controlled (pulsed) play; automatic play; automatic
fluoroscopy; comp- fluoroscopy; comp- calibration; calibration;
uter-corrected uter-corrected 8 devices; interface 8 devices; interface
exposure parameters exposure parameters board; service board; service
based on fluoro- based on fluoro- panel; tube panel; tube
scopic data; single- scopic data; single- selection. Meets selection. Meets
plane cine imaging; plane cine imaging; requirements of requirements of
interface for interface for IEC 601-1. IEC 601-1.
universal and universal and
peripheral angio; peripheral angio;
optional patient optional patient
data printout. data printout.
X-ray Generators

MODEL SHIMADZU SHIMADZU SHIMADZU SHIMADZU
AUD150G UD150B-30 UD150L-30 UD150L-30E :

UD150L-30EX

TYPE High-frequency High-frequency High-frequency High-frequency

inverter, 3-phase inverter, 3-phase inverter, single- inverter, 3-phase
or 3-phase
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 100 80 50 50 *
mA @ kVp 1,000 @ 100 800 @ 100 500 @ 100 500 @ 100
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-150 40-150 40-150 40-150
mA range
Small focus 10-160 10-160 10-160 10-160
Large focus 10-1,250 10-1,000 10-630 10-630
mAs range 0.5-800 0.5-800 0.5-800 0.5-800
Timer range, sec 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.001-10
Switching IGBT IGBT IGBT IGBT
AEC Yes Yes Yes Yes

Detector type PMT Solid-state, PMT Solid-state, PMT Solid-state, PMT
Anatomic
programming 90 stations 400 stations 400 stations 224 stations :
384 stations
kV range 50-110 50-125 50-125 50-125
mA range 0.2-9 0.2-4 0.2-4 0.3-2.5
Maximum number of
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance 10 10 10 10
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30
Automatic

* 50 kW for 3-phase, 32 kW for single-phase. two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL SHIMADZU SHIMADZU SHIMADZU SHIMADZU
AUD150G UD150B-30 UD150L-30 UD150L-30E :

UD150L-30EX
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No Yes Yes Yes
X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 2; optional 3 2; optional 3 2; optional 3 1
LINE-VOLTAGE
POWER REQUIREMENTS 380, 400, 415, 380, 400, 415, 440, 380, 400, 415, 440, 380, 400, 415, 440,
480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 480 VAC, 50/60 Hz,
3-phase or 210 VAC, 3-phase 3-phase 3-phase
50/60 Hz, 3-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
(71.7 x 26.7 x 23.5) (68.9 x 31.5 x 15.8) (68.9 x 31.5 x 15.8) (28 x 35.4 x 15.7) :
91.5 x 97 x 45
(36 x 38.2 x 17.7)
Weight, kg (lb) 270 (595) 250 (551.3) 240 (529.2) 180 (396.9) :
230 (507.2)
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet
Weight, kg (lb) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet
List price,
Year first sold 1994 1998 1998 1999

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Plasma touchscreen; EL display; exposure EL display; exposure Digital LED display;
pulsed fluoroscopy; time and mAs setting time and mAs setting exposure time and
DSA capable. Meets 12.5%; optional 12.5%; optional mAs setting 12.5%.
requirements of ETL. touch-sensitive touch-sensitive Meets requirements
panel. Meets panel. Meets of ETL.
requirements of ETL. requirements of ETL.
X-ray Generators

MODEL SHIMADZU SHIMADZU SMAM STADLER
UD150L-30F UD150L-30FX TOP 28 SE8040

(40 kW)
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Africa, Asia, Worldwide
Europe, South
America
FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Not specified Submitted
TYPE High-frequency High-frequency High frequency High frequency

inverter, single- inverter, 3-phase
or 3-phase
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp See footnote * 50 32 40
mA @ kVp 500 @ 100 500 @ 100 320 @ 100 400 @ 102
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-150 40-150 38-125 40-150
mA range
Small focus 10-160 10-160 50, 63, 80 25-400
Large focus 10-630 10-630 100, 125, 160, 200, 25-400
250, 320
mAs range 0.5-500 0.5-800 0.2-320 0.1-500
Timer range, sec 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.008-6.3 0.001-5
Switching IGBT IGBT By on button IGBT
AEC Yes Yes Optional Yes

Detector type Solid-state, PMT Solid-state, PMT Telamat Comet Ion chamber or
solid-state
Anatomic
programming 224 stations 224 stations 24 programs ** Up to 250 in 2
tables
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Yes No Yes
kV range 50-125 50-125 NA 40-110
mA range 0.3-2.5 0.3-2.5 NA 0.3-5 continuous,

10-50 pulsed
Maximum number of
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance 10 10 NA 5/10
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 NA 30/15/7.5/5.3/3.75
Automatic
brightness control Yes : NA Yes NA See footnote ***

* 50 kW for 3-phase, 32 kW for single-phase. two pages covering
** 4 thickness-compensation levels. the above model(s).
*** Editable kV/mA tracking curve. These specifications
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL SHIMADZU SHIMADZU SMAM STADLER
UD150L-30F UD150L-30FX TOP 28 SE8040

(40 kW)
X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 2; optional 3 2 1 2
LINE-VOLTAGE
COMPENSATION Automatic Automatic 10% Automatic
SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Yes Yes Through LCD Error messages,

self-test program
POWER REQUIREMENTS 380, 400, 415, 440, 380, 400, 415, 440, 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 3 x 400 VAC, 10%,
480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 16 A, single-phase 50 Hz, 3-phase
3-phase 3-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 71 x 90 x 40 91.5 x 97 x 45 95.1 x 57.3 x 41 7 x 38 x 31
(28 x 35.4 x 15.7) (36 x 38.2 x 17.7) (37 x 22.6 x 16.1); (2.8 x 15 x 12.2)
90.8 x 50 x 25
(35.7 x 20 x 9.8)
console
Weight, kg (lb) 180 (396.9) 230 (507.2) Not specified 3.5 (7.7)
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet 69.2 x 58.3 x 35.7
(27.2 x 23 x 14.1)
Weight, kg (lb) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet Included in cabinet 50 (110.3)
List price,
Warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year 2 years
Year first sold 1999 1999 1993 2003

Fiscal year January to December January to December Not specified January to December
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Digital LED display; Digital LED display; 93/42/EEC directive Modular construc-
exposure time and exposure time and CEO459. tion; PC interface;
mAs setting 12.5%. mAs setting 12.5%. PC control panel
Meets requirements Meets requirements with touchscreen;
of ETL. of ETL. plug-and-play
installation program
software interface
HL7; interface for
dose product; easy
editing organ
tables; maintenance
via notebook;
optional high speed
starter.
X-ray Generators

MODEL STADLER STADLER STEPHANIX STEPHANIX
SE8050 SE8060 N32 HF N32 HFR

(50 kW) (65 kW)
FDA CLEARANCE Submitted Submitted Not specified Not specified

TYPE High frequency High frequency High frequency, High frequency

single- or 3-phase
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 50 65 32 30
mA @ kVp 500 @ 102 640 @ 102 320 @ 100 320 @ 93
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-150 40-150 40-125, 40-150 40-125 or 40-150
mA range
Small focus 25-500 25-640 10-400 10-320
Large focus 25-500 25-640 10-400 10-320
mAs range 0.1-500 0.1-800 0.1-500 0.1-500
Timer range, sec 0.001-5 0.001-5 0.001-10 0.001-10
Switching IGBT IGBT By button (on), by Not specified

softkey (off)
AEC Yes Yes Optional Optional
Detector type Ion chamber or Ion chamber or Not specified Not specified
solid-state solid-state
Anatomic
programming Up to 250 in 2 Up to 250 in 2 Up to 864 programs Up to 864 programs
tables tables (touchscreen model) (touchscreen model)
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Yes Yes No
kV range 40-110 40-110 40-120 NA
mA range 0.3-5 continuous, 0.3-5 continuous, 0.5-5 NA

10-50 pulsed 10-50 pulsed
Maximum number of
exposures/sec Not specified Not specified Not specified NA
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance 5/10 5/10 Not specified NA
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec 30/15/7.5/5.3/3.75 30/15/7.5/5.3/3.75 1-30 NA
Automatic
brightness control See footnote * See footnote * Optional NA

* Editable kV/mA tracking curve. two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL STADLER STADLER STEPHANIX STEPHANIX
SE8050 SE8060 N32 HF N32 HFR

(50 kW) (65 kW)
LINE-VOLTAGE
SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Error messages, Error messages, Yes Yes

self-test program self-test program
POWER REQUIREMENTS 3 x 400 VAC 10%, 3 x 400 VAC 10%, 220/480 VAC, 220/240 VAC,
50 Hz, 3-phase 50 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz,
single- or 3-phase single-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 7 x 38 x 31 7 x 38 x 31 54.5 x 36 x 64.2 Not specified
(2.8 x 15 x 12.2) (2.8 x 15 x 12.2) (21.5 x 14.2 x 25.3)
Weight, kg (lb) 3.5 (7.7) 3.5 (7.7) 95 (209.5) Not specified
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) 69.2 x 58.3 x 35.7 69.2 x 58.3 x 35.7 Not specified Not specified
(27.2 x 23 x 14.1) (27.2 x 23 x 14.1)
Weight, kg (lb) 50 (110.3) 50 (110.3) Not specified Not specified
List price,
Warranty 2 years 2 years 1 year 1 year
Year first sold 2003 2003 Not specified Not specified

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Modular construc- Modular construc- None specified. Load capacity 52,500
tion; PC interface; tion; PC interface; mAs @ 100 kV; UPS
PC control panel PC control panel option.
with touchscreen; with touch-screen;
plug-and-play plug-and-play
installation program installation program
software interface software interface
HL7; interface for HL7; interface for
dose product; easy dose product; easy
editing organ editing organ
tables; maintenance tables; maintenance
via notebook; via notebook;
optional high-speed optional high-speed
starter. starter.
X-ray Generators

MODEL STEPHANIX STEPHANIX STEPHANIX STEPHANIX
N40 HF N40 HFR N50 HF N50 HFR
FDA CLEARANCE Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
TYPE High frequency, High frequency High frequency, High frequency

single- or 3-phase single- or 3-phase
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 40 40 50 50
mA @ kVp 400 @ 100 400 @ 100 500 @ 100 500 @ 100
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-125 or 40-150 40-125 or 40-150 40-125 or 40-150 40-125 or 40-150
mA range
Small focus 10-500 10-400 10-630 10-500
Large focus 10-500 10-400 10-630 10-500
mAs range 0.1-500 0.1-500 0.1-500 0.1-500
Timer range, sec 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.001-10
Switching Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

Detector type Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Anatomic
programming Up to 864 programs Up to 864 programs Up to 864 programs Up to 864 programs
(touchscreen model) (touchscreen model) (touchscreen model) (touchscreen model)
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes No Yes No
kV range 40-120 NA 40-120 NA
mA range 0.5-5 NA 0.5-5 NA
Maximum number of
exposures/sec Not specified NA Not specified NA
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance Not specified NA Not specified NA
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec 1-30 Na 1-30 NA
Automatic
brightness control Optional NA Optional NA

two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL STEPHANIX STEPHANIX STEPHANIX STEPHANIX
N40 HF N40 HFR N50 HF N50 HFR

LINE-VOLTAGE
POWER REQUIREMENTS 220/480 VAC, 220/240 VAC, 220/480 VAC, 220/240 VAC,
50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz,
single- or 3-phase single-phase single- or 3-phase single-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 54.5 x 36 x 64.2 Not specified 54.5 x 36 x 64.2 Not specified
(21.5 x 14.2 x 25.3) (21.5 x 14.2 x 25.3)
Weight, kg (lb) 95 (209.5) Not specified 9.5 (209.5) Not specified
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
List price,
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. Load capacity 52,500 None specified. Load capacity
mAs @ 100 kV; UPS 127,500 mAs @ 100
option. kV; UPS option.
X-ray Generators

MODEL STEPHANIX STEPHANIX TOSHIBA TOSHIBA
N65 HF N80 HF KXO-80G KXO-100G
FDA CLEARANCE Not specified Not specified Yes Yes

TYPE High frequency, High frequency, High frequency High-frequency

3-phase 3-phase inverter
MICROPROCESSOR
CONTROLLED Yes Yes Yes No
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 65 80 80 100
mA @ kVp 650 @ 100 800 @ 100 1,000 @ 80, 1,250 @ 80,
800 @ 100, 1,000 @ 100,
630 @ 125, 800 @ 125,
500 @ 150 630 @ 150
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-125 or 40-150 40-150 40-150, 1 kV steps 50-125
mA range
Small focus 10-650 10-800 10-320, 6 steps Not specified
Large focus 10-650 10-800 10-1,000 Not specified
mAs range 0.1-500 0.1-500 0.5-800 100-1,250
Timer range, sec 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.001-0.9, 1-10 0.001-1
Switching Not specified Not specified IGBT Not specified
AEC Optional Optional Yes Not specified

Detector type Not specified Not specified SOLIDET Not specified
Anatomic
programming Up to 864 programs Up to 864 programs Yes Not specified
(touchscreen model) (touchscreen model)
kV range 40-120 40-120 50-125, 1 kV steps 50-125 continuous,
50-110 pulsed
mA range 0.5-5 0.5-5 0.5-4, 0.1 mA steps 0.5-4 continuous
Maximum number of
exposures/sec 30 Not specified 6 1
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance Not specified Not specified 10 (federal limit) 10 (federal limit)
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec 1-30 1-30 Optional 10-1,000
Automatic
brightness control Optional Optional Yes Yes

two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL STEPHANIX STEPHANIX TOSHIBA TOSHIBA
N65 HF N80 HF KXO-80G KXO-100G
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE Yes Yes Yes No

LINE-VOLTAGE
COMPENSATION Automatic Automatic Yes Yes
POWER REQUIREMENTS 400/480 VAC, 400/480 VAC, 200/220/240 VAC, 380/400/415/440/480

50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, 3 phase; VAC, 3-phase
3-phase 3-phase 380-480 VAC, 3-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 54.5 x 36 x 64.2 54.5 x 36 x 64.2 175 x 40 x 111 231.2 x 57.2 x 46.1
(21.5 x 14.2 x 25.3) (21.5 x 14.2 x 25.3) (68.9 x 15.7 x 43.7) (91 x 22.5 x 18.1)
Weight, kg (lb) 9.5 (20.9) 9.5 (20.9) 420 (924) 110 (242)
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) Not specified Not specified Included in cabinet Included in cabinet
Weight, kg (lb) Not specified Not specified Included in cabinet Included in cabinet
List price,

Fiscal year January to December January to December April to March April to March
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. APR programming None specified.
standard; 1-touch
operation.
X-ray Generators

MODEL VILLA VILLA VILLA VILLA
G100C G100 R/F G100RAD Genius 500 :

Genius 750
FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes Not specified

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes Not specified
TYPE High frequency High frequency High frequency Single phase,

2 pulse : 3-phase,
6 pulse
MICROPROCESSOR
CONTROLLED Yes Yes Yes No
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 32 50 50 55 : 70
mA @ kVp 320 mA @ 100 kVp 500 mA @ 100 kV 500 mA @ 100 kV 600 @ 100, 500 @
120, 300 @ 150 :
750 @ 95, 700 @ 100,
500 @ 125
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-125 kV, 1 kV step 40-150 kV, 1 kV step 40-150 kV, 1 kV step 40-125
mA range
Small focus 10-400, 17 kV steps 10-630, 19 steps 10-630, 19 steps 25-200
Large focus Not specified Not specified Not specified 200-600 : 200-750
mAs range 0.5-500, 31 steps 0.25-1,000, 35 steps 0.25-1,000, 35 steps Not specified
Timer range, sec 0.001-6.3 sec, 39 0.001-6.3 sec, 39 0.001-6.3 sec, 39 0.01-8 : 0.01-6
steps steps steps
Switching IGBT IGBT IGBT SCR

Detector type Solid-state Solid-state Solid-state Not specified
Anatomic
programming Yes Yes Yes No
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No Yes No Yes

kV range NA 40-125 kV, 1 kV step NA 40-120
mA range NA 0.5-6 mA NA 0-5
Maximum number of
exposures/sec NA 25 fps NA 8
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance NA Not specified NA Not specified
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec NA 30 NA Not specified
Automatic
brightness control NA Yes NA Yes

two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL VILLA VILLA VILLA VILLA
G100C G100 R/F G100RAD Genius 500 :

Genius 750
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No Yes Yes Not specified
LINE-VOLTAGE
COMPENSATION Yes Yes Yes Optional
SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Yes Yes Yes Not specified
POWER REQUIREMENTS 400 VAC 10%, 400 VAC 10%, 400 VAC 10%, 220/380/415 VAC,
50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, single-
phase : 220/380/415
VAC, 50/60 Hz,
3-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
(24.4 x 19.7 x 13.8) (48.8 x 18.1 x 16.1) (48.8 x 18.1 x 16.1) (38 x 31 x 15.4) :
97 x 93 x 39
(38 x 36.6 x 15.4)
Weight, kg (lb) 55 (121.3) 107 (235.9) 107 (235.9) 139 (306) :

168 (370)
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) Integrated in the Integrated in the Integrated in the 51 x 38 x 38
cabinet cabinet cabinet (20 x 15 x 15) :
98 x 35 x 50
(38.5 x 14 x 19.7)
Weight, kg (lb) Not specified Not specified Not specified 184 (406) :
248 (547)
List price,
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. None specified. None specified.
X-ray Generators

MODEL VILLA VILLA VILLA VMI
Genius 1000 Genius HF 65 Genius HF 80 COMPACTO Plus 500

(40 kW) : (50 kW)
FDA CLEARANCE Not specified Not specified Not specified No

CE MARK (MDD) Not specified Yes Yes No
TYPE 3-phase, 12 pulse High frequency High frequency High frequency
MICROPROCESSOR
CONTROLLED No Yes Yes Yes
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 100 65 80 40 : 50
mA @ kVp 1,000 @ 100, 800 @ 81, 1,000 @ 80, 500 @ 80 :
800 @ 120, 630 @ 103, 800 @ 100, 400 @ 125
600 @ 150 500 @ 130, 630 @ 127,
400 @ 150 500 @ 150
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-150 40-150, 1 kV steps 40-150, 1 kV steps 40-125 : 40-150
mA range
Small focus 50-200 10-320 10-320 25-150
Large focus 300-1,000 32-800 32-1,000 200-500
mAs range Not specified 0.4-630 0.4-630 Not specified
Timer range, sec 0.003-6 0.001-16 0.001-16 0.005-5
Switching SCR IGBT IGBT IGBT inverter

Detector type Not specified Solid-state Solid-state Solid-state
Anatomic
programming No Yes Yes Yes

kV range 40-120 40-120 40-120 NA
mA range 0-5 0.5-5 0.5-5 NA
Maximum number of
exposures/sec 8 50 50 NA
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance Not specified Not specified Not specified NA
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec Not specified Yes Yes NA
Automatic

two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL VILLA VILLA VILLA VMI
Genius 1000 Genius HF 65 Genius HF 80 COMPACTO Plus 500

(40 kW) : (50 kW)
LINE-VOLTAGE
COMPENSATION Optional Yes Yes Automatic
SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Not specified Yes Yes Yes
POWER REQUIREMENTS 220/380/415 VAC, 220-400 VAC, 220-400 VAC, 220/380 VAC 10%,
50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase
3-phase 3-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
(38 x 31 x 15.4) (76 x 21.7 x 20.5); (76 x 21.7 x 20.5); (38.6 x 24.4 x 13.8)
90 x 47 x 43 90 x 47 x 43
(35.4 x 18.5 x 16.9) (35.4 x 18.5 x 16.9)
operator console operator console
Weight, kg (lb) 177 (390) 200 (441); 25 (55.1) 200 (441); 25 (55.1) 8 (17.6)
operator console operator console
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) 124 x 79 x 39 Included in cabinet Included in cabinet 85 x 50 x 39
(49 x 31 x 15.4) (33.4 x 19.7 x 15.4)
Weight, kg (lb) 380 (838) Included in cabinet Included in cabinet 80 (176) : 60 (132)
List price,
std configuration Not specified Not specified Not specified $14,000 : $15,000
Warranty Not specified Not specified Not specified 1 year
Fiscal year Not specified Not specified Not specified January to December
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. None specified. Tube overload,
tube filament, and
anode-circuit
failure protection
systems. Meets
requirements of
Health Ministry's
Sanitary Vigilance
certificate and
IEC 601.
X-ray Generators

MODEL VMI VMI XMA XMA
PULSAR Plus 500 PULSAR Plus 800 Infinity 325 Infinity HF30
(40 kW) : (50 kW)
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Canada, USA Canada, USA
FDA CLEARANCE No No Not specified Not specified

CE MARK (MDD) No No Not specified Not specified
TYPE High frequency High frequency Single-phase Single-phase,

high frequency
MICROPROCESSOR
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 40 : 50 64 30 30
mA @ kVp 500 @ 80 : 800 @ 80 300 @ 125 500 mAs @ 125
400 @ 125
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-125 : 40-150, 40-150, 30-125 40-125
1 kV increments 1 kV increments
mA range
Small focus 25-150 25-150 50-100 24-120
Large focus 200-500 200-800 150-300 240-360
mAs range Not specified Not specified Not specified 1-500
Timer range, sec 0.005-5 0.005-5 0.008-6 0.0083-3
Switching IGBT inverter IGBT inverter SCR SCR

Detector type Solid-state Solid-state Ion chamber Ion chamber
Anatomic
programming Yes Yes No No
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Yes No No

kV range 50-110 50-110 NA NA
mA range 0.5-5 0.5-5 NA NA
Maximum number of
exposures/sec Not specified Not specified NA NA
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance 10 with ABS 10 with ABS NA NA
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec 1-30 1-30 NA NA
Automatic
brightness control Yes Yes NA NA

two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL VMI VMI XMA XMA
PULSAR Plus 500 PULSAR Plus 800 Infinity 325 Infinity HF30
(40 kW) : (50 kW)
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE Yes Yes No No
LINE-VOLTAGE
COMPENSATION Automatic Automatic 12-step manual Manual
SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Yes Yes Not specified No
POWER REQUIREMENTS 220/380 VAC 10%, 220/380 VAC 10%, 240 VAC, 60 Hz, 240 VAC, 60 Hz,
50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 100 A, single-phase 100 A, single-phase
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 98 x 62 x 35 98 x 62 x 35 106.7 x 56.5 x 27.9 91.4 x 26.7 x 22.9
(38.6 x 24.4 x 13.8) (38.6 x 24.4 x 13.8) (42 x 22.3 x 11) (36 x 10.5 x 9)
Weight, kg (lb) 8 (17.6) 8 (17.6) Not specified Not specified
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) 85 x 50 x 39 85 x 50 x 39 54.6 H x 38.1 diam 43.2 x 38.1 x 27.9
(33.4 x 19.7 x 15.4) (33.4 x 19.7 x 15.4) (21.5 H x 15 diam) (17 x 15 x 11)
Weight, kg (lb) 60 (132) 80 (176) Not specified Not specified
List price,
std configuration $18,000 : $20,000 $24,000 Not specified Not specified
Warranty 1 year 1 year Not specified Not specified
Fiscal year January to December January to December Not specified Not specified
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Tube overload, Tube overload, Meets requirements None specified.
tube filament, and tube filament, and of UL.
anode-circuit anode-circuit
failure protection failure protection
systems. Meets systems. Meets
requirements of requirements of
Health Ministry's Health Ministry's
Sanitary Vigilance Sanitary Vigilance
certificate and certificate and
IEC 601. IEC 601.
X-ray Generators

MODEL XMA
Infinity HF50SE
WHERE MARKETED Canada, USA
FDA CLEARANCE Not specified

CE MARK (MDD) Not specified
TYPE Single-phase,
high frequency
MICROPROCESSOR
CONTROLLED Yes
POWER RATING
kW rating @ 100 kVp 30
mA @ kVp 500 mAs @ 125
RADIOGRAPHIC MODE
kV range 40-125
mA range
Small focus 300 maximum
Large focus 300 maximum
mAs range 1-500
Timer range, sec Not specified
Switching Not specified
AEC Optional
Detector type Ion chamber
Anatomic
programming No
FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No
kV range NA
mA range NA
Maximum number of
exposures/sec NA
Maximum exposure
rate, R/min at
patient entrance NA
Pulsed fluoroscopy,
pulses/sec NA
Automatic
brightness control NA

two pages covering
the above model(s).
continue onto the
next page.

MODEL XMA
Infinity HF50SE
TOMOGRAPHIC MODE No
X-RAY TUBES, MAXIMUM 1
LINE-VOLTAGE
COMPENSATION Automatic
SELF-DIAGNOSTICS 6-field error

indicator
POWER REQUIREMENTS 260 VAC, 50/60 Hz,
100 A, single-phase;
120 VAC, 50/60 Hz,
3 A minimum for
console/logic system
DIMENSIONS
Control cabinet
H x W x D, cm (in) 7.6 x 40.9 x 18.5
(3 x 16.1 x 7.3)
Weight, kg (lb) Not specified
HV transformer
H x W x D, cm (in) 81.3 x 38.7 x 38.7
(32 x 15.3 x 15.3)
with power module
Weight, kg (lb) Not specified
List price,
std configuration Not specified
Warranty Not specified
Year first sold Not specified

Fiscal year Not specified
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS 3 stations (up to
300 mA) selected
at installation.

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July 2003

193245 5200 Butler Pike, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462-1298, USA

x-ray tube; another circuit containing a step-down

voltage waveform (the difference between the mini-

a. 60 Hz AC waveforms from power company

b. Half-wave rectification of same signal

c. Full-wave rectification of same signal

Timer circuit Thyratrons are gas-filled, hot cathode tubes that

Apelem Del Medical

Apelem SA [194762] Del Medical Systems Group [376429]

GE Medical Systems Canada [174606] Medstone

Philips Nederland bv Medical Systems [152365] SMAM

Rendix Ltd [179167]

XMA ETL ETL Testing Laboratories

Product Comparison Chart

Spectra 30 HF Spectra 30 HF AP Spectra 325e 300 HF

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide

FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes Yes

TYPE High frequency High frequency Low frequency High frequency

mAs range 0.5-400 0.5-400 0.4-600 0.5-400

Timer range, sec 0.004-2.666 0.004-2.666 0.0083-6 0.004-2.666

Switching IGBT IGBT SCR IGBT

AEC Optional Optional Optional Optional

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of

Product Comparison Chart

Spectra 30 HF Spectra 30 HF AP Spectra 325e 300 HF

SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Yes Yes Yes Yes

Weight, kg (lb) 2 (4.4) 2 (4.4) 102 (225) 2 (4.4)

Weight, kg (lb) 86 (189.6) 86 (189.6) 91 (200) 86 (189.6)

Warranty 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.

Product Comparison Chart

325 375 HF 500 HF MAGNUM 40 :

FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes Yes

TYPE Low frequency High frequency High frequency High frequency,

mAs range 0.4-600 0.1-420 0.1-600 0.5-1,000

Timer range, sec 0.00083-6 Not specified Not specified 0.001-6.3

Switching SCR FET FET IGBT

AEC Optional Optional Optional Yes

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE No No No No : Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of

Product Comparison Chart

325 375 HF 500 HF MAGNUM 40 :

SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Yes Yes Yes Yes

Weight, kg (lb) 102 (224.9) 3 (6.6) 3 (6.6) 4 (8.8)

Weight, kg (lb) 91 (200.7) 100 (220.5) 100 (220.5) 107 (236)

Warranty 5 years 5 years 5 years 1 year

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.

Product Comparison Chart

MAGNUM 65 : Milestone Milestone HF Milestone HF

FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes Yes

TYPE High frequency, Single-phase High frequency, High frequency,

mAs range 0.5-1,000 0.2-600 0.4-600 0.4-600

Timer range, sec 0.001-6.3 0.008-6 0.003-6 0.003-6

Switching IGBT SCR IGBT IGBT

AEC Yes Optional Optional Optional

FLUOROSCOPIC MODE Yes Optional Optional Optional

mA range 0.5-6 1-4 0.5-9 0.5-9

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of

Product Comparison Chart

MAGNUM 65 : Milestone Milestone HF Milestone HF

SELF-DIAGNOSTICS Yes Yes Yes Yes

Weight, kg (lb) 4 (8.8) 86 (190) 120 (265) 120 (265)

mA range NA NA 0.5-6 continuous 0.5-6 continuous

mA range 0.5-6 continuous 0.5-6 continuous 0.5-6 continuous 0.5-6 continuous