Occupation-focused

Models

MOHO Model of Human Occupation

A Hierarchical general systems approach

1st edition - hierarchical

Health is achieved when the three subsystems

operate in a coordinated fashion, and meets the
demands of the environment (able to adapt to
changes).

Updated version

Identified its outcomes as occupational identity and

occupational competence both contributing to the
occupational adaptation. Instead of the three
hierarchies, it is heterarchical, meaning that they
influence each other, with no order. It is also a
dynamic and an open system.

MOHO most highly reviewed model and only

model considered evidence-based.

https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/273/flashcards/485273/png/picture41309896308265.png

I found this model quite challenging applying to my first level placement. I dont find this model very intuitive, and
although I learned about this model, I never found myself using this model in a physical health setting. Im interested
to see if this model more helpful in a mental health placement, and I look forward to continue trying to apply this
model in the future.

CMOP Canadian Model of Occupational Performance

Occupation is the medium in between the person and the environment.

- Health is achieved when both performance and satisfaction with occupation were optimized.
- Client centred approach
- Spirituality at the core in altered model.
- Simple yet pervasive characterization of occupation as self-care, leisure, and productivity.
Critiques:
- Absence of a research base associated with principles.
- Superficial concepts with little info on the nature and extent of the relationships.
- Only a first step in identifying occupational performance problems.


Compared to MOHO, I found this model

more practical and applicable during my
level 1 placement. I could identify the
different components, such as self-care,
productivity, and leisure, as well identify
the person components of affective,
cognitive and physical. I would more likely
use this model in the future, compared to
MOHO.

Occupational Adaptation

OA involves looking at a persons occupational challenges and how they might generate a response to overcome the
occupational challenge.

4 Main principles:

1) Focus should be on adaptiveness rather than

performance, on process rather than outcome, on new
adaptive skills rather than new performance skills.
2) Adaptive capacity of the client is the key outcome
rather than any occupation.
3) The client is the agent of change.
4) Therapist main tool is the questions he/she asks
not skills or technique.


I also find the OA model helpful in practice. One
thing I like about this model is that there is a
response generation where clients can be directly
involved. I find that collaborating with clients, and
allowing them to problem-solve, draws out on their
strengths, and can be very effective.

https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/273/flashcards/485273/png/picture51309896405704.png

 PEO model Person, Environment and Occupation

This model asserts that person, environment and
occupation are in constant relationship with each
other. It is transactive, and occupational
performance depends on how each component can
influence towards a good fit.

- Optimal occupation performance may be achieved
by altering any of the three components of the model:
1) person, 2) occupation 3) environment

Among all the models, I found this model to be
most prevalent among other therapists. I think
that the simplicity of the model, and the way that
it encompasses a holistic view is very attractive for
OTs. This model was most widely used during
placement, and I find it easier to communicate
with other therapists using this model.
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5494756ae4b0edcae6dddb54/t/54ab1de9e4b0fe11942c06b3/1420500652797/PEO+pic.jpg

Ecology of Human Performance

This model stresses context on occupation. It refers to Tasks meaning behaviours that are necessary for goal attainment.
- Tasks may be organized into role performance and occupational performance.
- Starts with the person, and the environment is inseparable from the person.

5 therapeutic interventions:

1)
Establish or restore skills and abilities
2)
Alter the context/environment
3)
Adapt the tasks
4)
Prevent, substitute, compensate for, or work
around dysfunction
5) Create a perspective or view compatible with
health.

Model is not widely used in the OT practice.

I found this model to be helpful in theory, and although

it is not widely used in OT practice, I can apply some of
these concepts during my placement. One thing that I
like the most about this model, is the idea of
performance range, and how it provides an idea of
what a person is currently able and not able to do, as
well as what kinds of task they have the potential of
doing if we increase their range of performance.

https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/657/flashcards/3609657/png/ehp-142053A4BB32E468778.png