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Science 1
4th prim
The human Digestive System
- The digestion Process:-
-Changing the food from a complex form into a simple one to let the body
Get benefited.
Digestive system
Science 2
4th prim
The digestive canal consists of:-
(1) Mouth
The mouth is a cavity consists of:-
A- Teeth:-
- The teeth number in an adult are 32.
- Each jaw has 16 teeth.
- Each jaw divided into
(4 incisors, 2 canines and 10 molars).
- Incisors and canines cut and tear food into small pieces.
- Molars grind the food to be easy to swallow.
B- Tongue:-
- move the food inside the mouth cavity and mixes it up with saliva to
help in swallowing and tasting the food.
C- Salivary glands:-
- They are three pairs of glands secrete a liquid known as the saliva.
- The saliva contains digestive substances called enzymes.
- The enzymes (saliva) digest starches, and change it into simple substance
Called (sugar).
Give reasons:-
(1)After chewing a piece of bread in the mouth, we feel a sweetly taste.
(2)Digestion of food is started at the mouth.
Because mouth have saliva which converts starch into sugar.
(3)Food should be chewed well in the mouth.
To be easy to swallow.
To convert (change) starch into simple sugar by saliva.
(2) Pharynx
Is a common cavity leads to the esophagus and trachea.
Its function:-
- It permits food to pass from the mouth to the esophagus.
(3) Esophagus
It's a muscular tube connecting to the stomach.
Science 3
4th prim
Its function:-
It allows food to pass from the pharynx to the stomach.
(4) Stomach
A muscular sac mix Food up by juices.
Digest protein partially by gastric juice
Then the food travels to the small intestine.
Science 4
4th prim
Bile juice:
- Helps to digest fats where it changes fats into soluble substance.
Its Place of
The Gland Its place Function
secretions secretion
Left side of
The Pancreatic Small
abdomen below Complete food digestion
pancreas the stomach
juice intestine
Science 5
4th prim
Dictionary
Word Meaning Word Meaning
Digestive system Nervous system
Circulatory system Respiratory system
Living organism Structure
Function / Get ride of
System Organ
Tissue Building unit
Digestion process Break down
Complicated food Benefit
Digestive canal Digestive canal
associated
Accessory gland Salivary gland
Liver Pancreas
Pharynx Esophagus
Stomach Small intestine ) (
Large intestine Anus
Types Consist of
Main parts Absorb
Jaw Incisor
Canine Molars
Tear Grind
Swallow Saliva
Easy Enzyme
Convert (change) Chewed
Starch Muscular tube
Muscular sac Gastric juice
Abdominal cavity Duodenum
Bile juice Ileum
Fats Mixed
Soluble substance Pancreatic juice
Keep Healthy
Fast meals Additive compound
Science 6
4th prim
Lesson 2 Lesson 2
The respiratory system
Science 7
4th prim
(2) Pharynx
A common cavity leads to the esophagus and trachea.
Its function:-
Allows air to pass from the nose to the larynx.
At the top of trachea are the larynx (voice box) and epiglottis which
Closes off the opening trachea during swallowing, this dont allow food
To enter the trachea.
(4) Lungs
Bronchus is divided into bronchioles
Inside each lung ending in alveoli.
The lungs contain the air sacs that
Called Alveoli.
The alveoli are surrounded by
Networks of capillaries in where gas
Exchange occurs.
The two lungs in the chest cavity and they
Surrounded by the ribs.
Diaphragm separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
Science 8
4th prim
Give reasons:-
(1) The alveoli surrounded by a network of blood capillaries.
To allow gas exchange between the air sacs and the blood.
Experiment observation
1- Cut off the bottom of a plastic bottle and
replace it by a piece of rubber.
2- Close the opening of the bottle by stopper
made of rubber or cork through which a
plastic tube is passed and a small balloon is
fixed at its end inside the bottle.
Science 9
4th prim
Mechanism of respiration
Exchange of gases
Exchange of gases occurs between the air existed in alveoli and the blood
flows in the capillaries .
The blood leaves carbon dioxide and carries the oxygen and distributes it all
over the body cells.
Science 10
4th prim
Components of exhaled air
Activity:- ( To detect carbon dioxide in exhaled air ) :
Science 11
4th prim
Dictionary
Word Meaning Word Meaning
Respiration process Rich in
Lungs Importance
Vital activities Harmful products
Nasal cavity Trachea
Bronchus Alveoli Or Air sac
Diaphragm Chest cavity
Abdominal cavity Exist
Moisten Hair
Filter Dust and microbes
Blood capillary Warm
Larynx Cilia ) (
Eject up Strange object
Voice box Epiglottis
Gas exchange Ribs
Separate Contract
Relax Expand
Shrink Inhalation
Exhalation Enlarge
A muscle Lime water
Crowded places Smoking
Sever cold Disease
Science 12
4th prim
- Lesson
3 The Cell
The Cell: - "It is the building unit of the living organism"
"The unit of structure in the living organisms"
Cells can be seen only by a microscope not by the naked eye.
Animals Plants
So, we have plant cell and animal cell
Plant cell: - The building unit in the plant.
Animal cell: - The building unit in the animal.
-Important Note
-The plant body is made of systems (Shoot system and root system) .
- These system are made of organs as (roots, stem and leaves) .
Green plasties
(Chloroplast)
In
In plant
The organelle Description animal
cell
cell
It organisne the process
1- The nucleus () ()
and make cell divsion
Its the fluid that all
2- Cytoplasm () ()
operation occurs in it .
Surrounds the cytoplasm
3- Plasma and control the substnce
() ()
membrane that enter or leave the
cell .
In animal In pant
The organelle Description
cell cell
1- Cell Wall Support the plant cell and
() ()
give it a definite shape
It make food by
2- Green Plastids () ()
photosynthesis process
Science 14
4th prim
Give reson :-
- plant cell has a definit shape .
Because it has a cell wall .
The tissue :- A group of cells which has the same shape, structure and function.
The organ :- A group of different tissues which work togetther.
The system :- A group of different organs which work together.
The human body :- A group of different system which work together
Unicellular organisms
- Unicellular Organisms:-
- They has the ability to do the all the biological function .
" They cannot be seen by the naked eye such as bacteria and yeast "
- Yeast fungus :-
- It is a unicellular living organisms that made up of nucleus ,
cytoplasm and a wall (Give reason ) .
Because it has the ability to do all its biological functions .
Nucleus
Cell wall Cytoplasm
- Human and animals depends on plants to get their food to get the required
energy for surfival .
- Plants
absorb light energy from the sun , water and salts from the soil , and
carbon dioxide from the air This is called " photosynthesis process "
So we conclude from this that .
- Plant needs :- 1- Chloroplasts ( The green coloure ) 2- Light energy
3- Water and salts 4-Carbon dioxide
To make their own food.
So ,
Photosynthesis process :-
- Its the process which the plants make their own food .
Producer organisms :-
- Are the living organisms that can make their own food by them
selves through photosynthesis .
For example,
- Green plants algae types of bacteria
Science 16
4th prim
Give reason:-
- Plants are called autotrophic living organisms?
Because, it make their own food by photosynthesis process.
Activity (1)
- To test the presence of starch in the green leaves .
Procedure:-
1- Get a plant leave after exposing to sun for several hours.
2- Put the plant leave in a boiling water (G.R) to kill the cell.
3- Put the plant leave in alcohol (G.R) to remove the green coloure.
4- Wash the leave with water and add iodine solution to test the presence
of starch.
Observation :-
- The leaves turn into blue.
Conclusion :-
- Plants make starch through the photosynthesis process .
Activity (2)
- To prove the importance of sunlight for green plants .
Producer:-
1- Get two potted plant and cove one of them by a paper sack with a
hole to air comes in .
2- Leave the two flower pots for two days and watering them .
Observation:-
- The covered plant becomes yellowish and weak this is due to the
absence of sun light.
Conclusion:-
- Light energy is necessary for plants to make their own food .
- Activity (3) :-
- To prove that oxygen released from photosynthesis
process.
Procedure:-
1- Bring water tank contain dissolved sodium bicarbonate.
2- Bring an aquatic plant (elodea) with a funnel on it.
3- Expose the apparatus to sunlight for a few hours.
Observation:-
Science 17
4th prim
- Gas bubble evolved and gas collected above the test tube When we test
it with a splint it glows more so, its oxygen.
Conclusion:-
- Oxygen is released during the process of photosynthesis.
1- Consumers: -
2- Decomposers:-
- They are living organisms cannot make their food by themselves they
dont have chloroplasts are not existed in their cells.
- Decomposer get their food through decomposing the organic wastes such
as dead bodies.
Examples of decomposers :-
1- Some types of bacteria.
2- Some fungi such as bread fungus.
Science 18
4th prim
Importance of decomposers :-
1- Help us to get rid of dead living organisms and the plant remains.
2- Increase the soil fertility.
3- Used in a lot of industries.
Example:-
-
Science 19
4th prim
Lesson 5 Energy paths through
Living organisms
Science 20
4th prim
Lesson 1 Force and its effect
The force :
- It is an effect that changes the state of the object.
Force measuring unit :
- Newton. Related the scientist " Isaac Newton "
- There are two state of object :-
1- Rest state 2- Motion state
Examples:
1- Motion of a car toy and its rest.
The motion of the car and hand pushing force.
its stopping needs hand stopping force
2- Motion of a bicycle and its rest.
The motion of the bicycle need leg pushing force
and its stopping needs an brakes stopping force .
3- pulling of the rope game.
4- Balloon and rocket.
Balloon moves upwards by the effect of air pushing force .
Science 21
4th prim
Lever:-
- Is a simple method that rise an object by the effect of force .
Pulleys:-
- That makes the motion easy.
Gears:-
- That transfers the motion.
Technological applications
For example :-
1- Car , Crane , Trains , pulleys , Mixer and electric fan .
Science 22
4th prim
Lesson 2 Forms of energy and
Their changes
Energy :-
- Its the ability to do work
Forms of energy :-
1- Potential energy . 6- Chemical energy
2- Kinetic energy . 7- Heat energy .
3- Sound energy . 4- Light energy .
5- Electric energy
Equipment Used Produced Equipment Used Produced
Energy Energy Energy Energy
Electric Electric Kinetic Electric motor Electric Kinetic
fan
Electric Electric Light Violin Kinetic Sound
lamp
Electric Electric Heat Solar cell Light Electric
heater
Radio Electric Sound Solar heater Light Heat
Dynamo Kinetic Electric Battery (Dry Chemical Electric
cell )
When you Kinetic Potential When you let Potential Kinetic
stretch the the string of
spring of toy car
toy car
When you Kinetic Heat Photosynthesis Light Chemical
rubbing
you hand
Lens in the Light Heat
sun
Science 23
4th prim
Lesson (3) Sources of energy
Science 24
4th prim
Sources of energy
Such as Such as
1- Wind
It is used in rotating windmills for generating electricity.
The rotation of the moon ebb and tide which is used to generated
Electric energy.
N.B
Science 26
4th prim
Lesson (4)
The electricity
Static electricity:
It is the formation of electric charge that remain on an object (doesn't
Flow in wires).
Some phenomena related to static electricity such as :
The reason of
These phenomena
Science 27
4th prim
Static electricity generation
Science 28
4th prim
Current electricity
Current electricity :
It is the electric charges that follow through connecting wires.
Science 29
4th prim