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New Era

University

Rizal:
Rizals Life, Works and Writings

Chapter 15:
Rizals Second Sojourn in Paris and the
Universal Exposition of 1889

Andrea Leathia A. De Chavez


Julius Raynan B. Tatel

Prof. Georgina R. De Chavez


Instructor

27 January 2016
CHAPTER 15: Rizals Second Sojourn in Paris and the Universal
Exposition of 1889

I. DIFFICULTY OF FINDING QUARTERS


a. The Universal Exposition of 1889 attracted thousands of tourists;
thus, all hotel accommodations were taken

II. RIZAL AND PARIS EXPOSITION OF 1889


a. The greatest attraction of this exposition was the Eiffel Tower
b. International Art Competition in the Exposition
i. Felix Hidalgo = 2nd prize
ii. Juan Luna & Felix Pardo de Tavera = 3rd prize
iii. Rizals bust = no prize

III. KIDLAT CLUB


a. Purely a social society of a temporary nature
b. It was founded by Rizal to bring together young Filipinos in the
French capital so that they could enjoy their sojourn in the city
during the duration of the Universal Exposition.
c. It will disappear like lightning

IV. INDIOS BRAVOS


a. Rizal and the members of the Kidlat Club were amazed to see the
Buffalo Bull show which featured the American Indians
b. These Red skinned Indians were proudly riding their sturdy
ponies, elegantly dressed in their native attire and wearing their
war feathers and paints.
c. Rizal told his friends:
i. Let us be proud of the name Indio and make our Spanish
enemies revise their conception of the term
ii. We shall be Indios Bravos
iii. The Indios Bravos (brave Indians) replaced the ephemeral
Kidlat Club.
d. Members pledged to excel in intellectual and physical prowess in
order to win the admiration of the foreigners, particularly the
Spaniards.
i. They practiced with great enthusiasm the use of the sword
and the pistol.
ii. Rizal taught them judo, an Asian art of self-defense that he
learned in Japan.

V. R.D.L.M. SOCIETY
a. The letters R.D.L.M. are believed to be the initials of the societys
secret name Redencion de los Malayos (Redemption of the
Malays).
b. It was patterned after Freemasonry
c. The aim of the secret society, as stated by Rizal was the
propagation of all useful knowledge scientific, artistic, and
literary, etc. in the Phil.
d. Rizal was inspired by a famous book entitled Max Havelaar
written by Multatuli
i. This book exposed the miserable conditions of the
oppressed Malay inhabitants of the Netherlands East Indies
under Dutch Rules
e. Letter to Blumentritt:
i. Revealed his intentions to be a leader of freedom, if not in
the Philippines, then in Borneo.
ii. If it is impossible for me to give freedom to my country, at
least I should like to give it to these noble compatriots in
other lands.

VI. ANNOTATED EDITION OF MORGA PUBLISHED


a. Blumentritt censured Rizal for two things which revealed Rizals
errors, namely:
i. Rizal commits the error of many historians in appraising
the events of the past in the light of present standards
ii. Rizals attack on the Church were unfair and unjustified
because the abuses of the friars should not be construed to
mean the Catholicism is bad.
b. Rizal dedicated his new edition of Morga to the Filipino people so
that they would know of their glorious past. His dedication is as
follows:
i. Born and reared in ignorance of our past like almost all of
you: without voice nor authority to speak of what we have
not seen nor studied I deemed it necessary to invoke the
testimony of an Illustrious Spaniard who controlled the
destinies of the Philippines at the beginning of its new era
and personally witnessed the last days of our ancient
nationality.
c. Rizal proved that the Filipinos were already civilized before the
advent of Spain
i. They had clothes, government, laws, writing, literature,
religion, arts, sciences, and commerce with neighboring
Asian nations.
ii. Rizal blasted the historical heresies of the Spanish writers
who claimed that the early Filipinos were savages and were
of low mentality.

VII. THE PHILIPPINES WITHIN A CENTURY


a. In this article, Rizal predicted with amazing accuracy the tragic
end of Spains sovereignty in Asia.
b. Colonies established to subserve the policy and commerce of the
sovereign country, all eventually become independent

VIII. THE INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINOS


a. It is an able defense of the alleged indolence of the Filipinos.
b. Rizal made a critical study of the causes why his people did not
work hard during the Spanish regime.
c. His main thesis: Filipinos are not by nature indolent
d. The Spanish conquest of the country brought about a decline in
economic activities because the Filipinos had abandoned their
pre-Spanish industries and worked less than their ancestors
e. Such decline in economic life was due to certain causes:
i. Native revolts and other internal disorders which followed
the establishment of Spanish rule
ii. The wars which the Filipinos fought for Spains enemies
iii. The frightful raids on the coastal towns and village of
Christian Philippines by the Muslim pirates of Mindanao and
Sulu
iv. The forced labor which compelled thousands of Filipino
laborers to work in public works resulting in the
abandonment of their personal works
v. Lack of stimulus to work harder because the people could
not enjoy the fruits of their labor
vi. Government neglect and indifference to agriculture,
industry, and commerce
vii. The bad example shown by the Spaniards in despising
manual labor
viii. The teaching of Spanish missionaries that it is easier for a
poor man to enter heaven than for a rich man, hence the
Filipinos prefer not to work and be poor so that they could
easily enter heaven after they die
ix. Encouragement and propagation of gambling by the
Spanish authorities
x. System of Spanish education did not promote economic
enterprise and activity
f. Filipinos are easy going and do not work so hard because they
are wise enough to adjust themselves to their warm, tropical
climate.
i. They do not have to kill themselves working hard in order
to live because nature gives them abundant harvests by
working less than those in temperate and arid countries.
IX. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FILIPINOLOGISTS
a. The aim of the association is to study the Philippines from the
scientific and historical point of view
b. Their inaugural convention did not materialize because the
French government discouraged the holding of conferences by
private organizations during the period of the international
exposition.

X. PROJECT FOR FILIPINO COLLEGE IN HONGKONG


a. This College aims to train and educate men of good family and
financial means in accordance with the demands of modern
times and circumstances
b. A rich Filipino resident in Paris, Mr. Mariano Cunanan, from
Mexico, Pampanga, promised to help him raise P40, 000 as initial
capital for the college.
c. This project of Rizal to establish a modern college in Hong Kong
did not materialize

XI. POR TELEFONO


a. This satirical pamphlet under the authorship of Dimas Alang is
a witty satire which ridicules Fr. Font.
i. It describes in comical vein a telephone conversation
between Fr. Font who was in Madrid and the father
provincial of the San Agustin Convent in Manila.
b. Rizal predicted much ahead of his times that people could carry
on overseas telephonic conversations --- 12 years after the
publication of Rizals Por Telefono.

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