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FRACTIONS

(a supplement text for the Class of English for


Mathematics )

04/04/2017
By
Darma Andreas Ngilawajan, S.Pd., M.Pd

Darma Andreas Ngilawajan


Department of Mathematics Education
Pattimura University

1
Preliminary problem for stimulating
An Arabian Sheikh had 3 sons and 17 camels. In his will he
left camels to his oldest son, 1/3 to his middle son, and
1/9 to his youngest son. When their father died, the young
men were troubled by what they should do. They couldnt see
how to carry out their fathers will without killing the camels
and cutting them up. A stranger came along with 1 camel. He
offered to solve their problem. He put his own camel with
the other 17, then told the oldest son to take 9 camels (1/2
of 18); the middle son to take 6 camels (1/3 of 18) and the
youngest son to take 2 camels (1/9 of 18). The visitor then
claimed his own camel and went on his way. Why did the
trick work???

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BASIC CONCEPT OF FRACTIONS
Look at this picture
According to the picture, there is a
rectangle which divided in four equal
parts

These four equal parts consider as a


whole (a whole = 1 unit)

There is one part which marked with


different color compare to the other three

This blue part can be expressed as: one


part of four parts.
In number form, the blue
AND
part of this picture can
These yellow parts can be expressed as:
be expressed as 1/4
three parts of four parts
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Number form of Fractions (rational fractions)
Fractions can be written in a number form as follows :

a This number form can be read as a over b


OR
a per b

b
a is called as NUMERATOR ;
b is called as DENOMINATOR

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TASK 1

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There are 12 apples. These apples need to divide
between four children and all of them must get even
parts. Make your expression in fraction about this

Darma Andreas Ngilawajan


problem
Spell out these fractions

1)
2) 2/7
3)
4) 12/24
5) 18/27
6) 200/515
7) 350/1350 5
NOTED: Some examples of fractions and other way to spell out them
FRACTION NUMERATOR DENOMINATOR NAME
1
2
one Half One-half
1
3
one Third One-third
2 two Third Two-thirds
3
1
one Fourth One-fourth
4
4 four Fifth Four-fifths
5
5 five Sixth five-sixths
6
3
three Seventh Three-sevenths
7
1
8
one eighth One-eighth
2
9
two Ninth Two-ninths
4
four Tenth Four-tenths
10
5
five Eleventh Five-elevenths
11
7
seven Twelfth Seven-twelfths
12

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TASK 2
Write the number form for these following fractions

04/04/2017
(then read each of those):
1) Three-fifteenths

Darma Andreas Ngilawajan


2) Nine-eighteenths
3) Forty-ninths
4) One-fourteenth
5) Seventy-five over two hundred and sixteen
6) One thousand per five million
7) Two hundred and fifty over three billion
8) Four thousand and seventy over five trillion
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TASK 3

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Make your definition on fractions (in general)
Make your definition on fractions (in number

Darma Andreas Ngilawajan


form/mathematically)

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TYPES OF FRACTIONS
There are three types of fractions:
Ordinary fractions or rational fractions

04/04/2017

for example: 3
5

Darma Andreas Ngilawajan


(spell out as three over five or three-fifths)

Mixed fractions
for example: 3 2
5
(spell out as three and two fifths)

Decimal fractions
For example: 0,1 (spell out as one tenth) 9
SOME EXAMPLES ON FRACTIONS (EMPHASIZE ON MIXED AND DECIMAL FRACTIONS

0,01 (one hundreth)

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0,001 (one thousandth)
0,0001 (one ten thousandth)
0,00001 (one hundred thousandth)

Darma Andreas Ngilawajan


0,000001 (one millionth)
8,3 (eight and three tenths)
78,42 (seventy-eight and forty-two hundreths)
852,75 (eight hundred fifty two and seventy five hundreths)

5 (three and five-sevenths)


3
7
1 (two and one-fourth)
2
4 10
04/04/2017 Darma Andreas Ngilawajan
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2
1
0

hundredths
7

tenths
6
.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (PLACE VALUE)

ones
8

tens
6

hundreds
5
,

thousands
2

tens thousand
5
hundreds thousand
8
,
millions

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ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS ON FRACTIONS
Consists of:

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1. Addition
2. Subtraction

Darma Andreas Ngilawajan


3. Multiplication
4. Division

For addition and subtaction, in order to solve the


operation then we must make common denominator for
all fractions by using LCM (Lowest Common
Multiplication).

(Task: spell out all sentences from the preceding


explanation)
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Examples of arithmetical operations on fractions

Addition
3 4 9 20 29

5 3 15 15 15
(three-fifths add to/plus four-thirds equal to nine-fifteenths plus
twenty-fifteenths equal to twenty-nine-fifteenths. Fifteenth is a
common denominator and it derived from the LCM (Lowest
Common Multiple of five and three. NOTED: LCM in Bahasa
Indonesia called as KPK )
Subtraction
2 7 4 7 3

5 10 10 10 10

(two-fifths subtract seven-tenths equal to four-tenths subtract seven-


tenths equal to minus three-tenths)

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Multiplication
5 2 10

8 3 24
(five-eighths multiply two-thirds equal to ten-twenty-fourths.
Final result derived from multiplication between the
numerators and denominators)
Division
2 5 2 6 12
:
3 6 3 5 15

(two-thirds divide by five-sixths equal to two-thirds multiply


six-fifths equal to twelve-fifteenths)

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Task 4
Solve these following problems on fractions then spell out for each problem.

5 2 3 1
... 7 5 ...
6 8 18 4
2 3 12 8
3 2 : ...
7 5 20 3
6 2 7 2
... 3 :4 ...
7 8 18 3
6 2
4 2 ... 2,34 0,2 ...
7 8

2 5 8,34 1,5 ...


...
12 7

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