Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Seismic-
Resistant Steel
Building Structures
1. Introduction and
Basic Principles
Prepared by:
Michael D
D. Engelhardt
University of Texas at Austin
with the support of the
American Institute of Steel Construction.
Construction
Version 1 - March 2007
Design of Seismic-
Seismic-Resistant
Steel Building Structures
B ildi Code
Building C d Philosophy
Phil h and
d Approach
A h
B ildi Code
Building C d Philosophy
Phil h and
d Approach
A h
Collapse of Timber
Buildings
Landslides
Collapse of Timber
g
Buildings
Fire
B ildi Code
Building C d Philosophy
Phil h and
d Approach
A h
B ildi Code
Building C d Philosophy
Phil h and
d Approach
A h
yield failure
failure
Ductility Factor =
yield
H H
Helastic
3/4 *Helastic
1/2 *H
Helastic
l ti
Strength
Reqd Ductility
1/4 *Helastic
MAX
Ductility in Steel Structures: Yielding
Ductility = Yielding
H
Failure =
Fracture
or
Instability
y
Developing Ductile Behavior:
Behavior
Examples of:
(a) More Ductile Behavior
(b) Less
L Ductile
D til Behavior
B h i
Key Elements of Seismic
Seismic--Resistant Design
V Cs W
SDS SD1
Cs
R I T R I
R factors for Selected Steel Systems (ASCE 7):
B ildi Code
Building C d Philosophy
Phil h and
d Approach
A h
B ildi Code
Building C d Philosophy
Phil h and
d Approach
A h
Highlights of
Glossary and Sections 1 to 8
AISC Seismic Provisions:
Glossary - Selected Terms
Essential facilities
(Hospitals, fire and police stations,
IV emergency shelters, etc) 1.5
Structures containing extremely
hazardous materials
Structures that pose a substantial
hazard to human life in the event of
failure
III 1.25
(buildings with 300 people in one area, day
care facilities
f iliti with
ith capacity
it more than
th 150,
150
schools with a capacity more than 250, etc)
SDCs: A
Increasing seismic risk
B
and
C
Increasingly stringent seismic
D design and detailing
q
requirements
E
F
To Determine the Seismic Design Category (ASCE 7-05):
Determine SS and S1
SS = spectral response acceleration for maximum considered earthquake at short periods
S1 = spectral response acceleration for maximum considered earthquake at 1-sec period
Ss and S1 are read from maps (or from USGS website)
D t
Determine
i SDS and
d SD1
Design spectral response accelerations
SDS = 2/3 x SMS SD1 = 2/3 x SM1
Map for SS
Map for S1
Seismic Hazard Maps
Table 11.6-1
11 6 1
Seismic Design Category Based on Short Period Response
Accelerations
Occupancy Category
Value of
SDS I or II III IV
SDS< 0.167g A A A
0.167g SDS < 0.33g B B C
0 33g SDS < 0
0.33g 0.50g
50g C C D
0.50g SDS Da Da Da
a F sites
For it with
ith S1 0
0.75g:
75 Seismic
S i i D
Design
i C Category
t = E for
f OC I,
I II,
II or III
Seismic Design Category = F for OC IV
Table 11.6-2
Seismic Design Category Based on 1-Second Period Response
A l ti
Accelerations
Occupancy Category
Value of
SD1 I or II III IV
SD1< 0.067g A A A
0 067g SD1 < 0.133g
0.067g 0 133g B B C
0.133g SD1 < 0.20g C C D
0.20g
g SD1 Da Da Da
a For sites with S1 0.75g: Seismic Design Category = E for OC I, II, or III
g y = F for OC IV
g Category
Seismic Design
Provisions: Sections 1 to 8
AISC Seismic Provisions:
1. Scope
2. Referenced Specifications, Codes and Standards
3. General Seismic Design Requirements
4. Loads, Load Combinations and Nominal Strengths
g Drawings
5. Structural Design g and Specifications,
Shop Drawings and Erection Drawings
6. Materials
7. Connections, Joints and Fasteners
8. Members
AISC Seismic Provisions:
Section 1 - Scope
G to
Go t the
th Applicable
A li bl Building C d for:
B ildi Code f
Occupancy Category
Seismic Design Category
Limits on Height and Irregularity
Drift Limitations
Required Strength
AISC Seismic Provisions:
Section 4
Loads, Load Combinations
and Nominal Strengths
1.4D
1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5(Lr or S or R)
1.2D + 1.6(Lr or S or R) + (0.5L or 0.8W)
( r or S or R))
1.2D + 1.6W + 0.5L + 0.5(L
0.9D + 1.6W
1 2D + 1.0E
1.2D 1 0E + 0.5L
0 5L + 0.2S
0 2S Load Combinations
0.9D + 1.0E Including E
Definition of E for use in basic load combinations:
E = QE + 0.2 SDS D
E = QE - 0.2 SDS D
E = QE 0.2 SDS D
(0 9 - 0.2
(0.9 0 2 SDS) D + 1.0
1 0 QE
AISC Seismic Provisions:
4.1 Loads and Load Combinations (cont.)
The horizontal
Th h i t l portion
ti off the
th earthquake
th k load
l dE
shall be multiplied by the overstrength factor o
prescribed by
p y the applicable
pp building
g code.
Definition of Amplified Seismic Load (ASCE-7)
(0 9 - 0.2
(0.9 0 2 SDS) D + o QE
Seismic Overstrength Factor: o
Per ASCE-7:
System o
M
Moment
t Frames
F (SMF,
(SMF IMF
IMF, OMF) 3
Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF, OCBF) 2
Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBF) 2
Special Plate Shear Walls (SPSW) 2
Buckling Restrained Braced Frames (BRBF)
- moment resisting beam-column
2.5
connections
g beam-column
- non-moment resisting
connections 2
Amplified Seismic Load
orce
o Qe
al Seismic Fo
Latera
Qe
Exceptions:
Columns for which only expected yielding
is at the base;
Members in OMFs and OCBFs (permitted
to use up to Fy = 55 ksi)
AISC Seismic Provisions:
6.2 Material Properties for Determination of Required Strength of
Members and Connections
Application Ry Rt
Hot-Rolled Shapes and Bars:
ASTM A36 1.5 1.2
ASTM A572 Gr 42 1.1 1.1
ASTM A992; A572 Gr 50 or Gr 55;
ASTM A913 Gr 50, 60 or 65; ASTM A588;
A1011 HSLAS Gr 50 1.1 1.1
ASTM A529 Gr 50 1.2 1.2
ASTM A529 Gr 55 1.1 1.2
Hollow Structural Sections (HSS):
ASTM A500 Gr B or Gr C;; ASTM A501 1.4 1.3
Pipe:
ASTM A53 1.6 1.2
Pl t
Plates:
ASTM A36 1.3 1.2
ASTM A572 Gr50; ASTM A588 1.1 1.2
Example: A36 angles used for brace in an SCBF
Fy = 36 ksi
Fu = 58 ksi
Ry Fy = 1.5 36 ksi = 54 ksi
Rt Fu = 1.2 58 ksi = 70 ksi
Fy = 50 ksi
Fu = 65 ksi
Ry Fy = 1.1 50 ksi = 55 ksi
Rt Fu = 1.1 65 ksi = 72 ksi
AISC Seismic Provisions:
6.2 Material Properties for Determination of Required Strength of
Members and Connections (cont)
Ry Fy Ag
Ry Fy Ag
Gusset Plate:
Compute design strength using min
specified Fy and Fu of gusset plate
material
Example: SCBF Brace and Brace Connection (cont)
Ry Fy Ag
Bolts:
Compute design shear strength using
min specified Fu of bolt
Example: SCBF Brace and Brace Connection (cont)
Ry Fy Ag
7.1 Scope
7.2 Bolted Joints
7.3 Welded Joints
7.4 Protected Zone
7.5 Continuity Plates and Stiffeners
AISC Seismic Provisions:
7. Connections, Joints and Fasteners
7 1 Scope
7.1
Bolts
B lt and
d welds
ld shall
h ll nott b
be d
designed
i d tto share
h fforce iin a jjoint,
i t or th
the
same force component in a connection.
Bolts and welds sharing same
force:
Not Permitted
Fig. C-I-7.1a. Desirable details that avoid shared forces between welds and bolts.
AISC Seismic Provisions:
7. Connections, Joints and Fasteners
7 3 Welded Joints
7.3
20 ft-lbs at 0 oF
Protected Zones
Examples of Protected Zones: SCBF
Protected Zones
Examples of Protected Zones: EBF
Protected Zones
AISC Seismic Provisions:
Section 8
Members
8.1 Scope
8.2 Classification of Sections for Local
Bucklingg
8.3 Column Strength
8.4 Column Splices
8.5 Column Bases
AISC Seismic Provisions:
8.2 Classification of Sections for Local Buckling
Mp
Increasing
g b/t
Effect of Local Buckling on Flexural Strength and Ductility
Plastic Buckling
Moment Caapacity
Mp Inelastic Buckling
ps p r Width-Thickness Ratio
Ducctility
AISC Seismic Provisions:
TABLE II-8-1
81
Limiting Width-Thickness Ratios for
Compression Elements
Width Limiting Width-
Thick- Thickness Ratios
ness ps
Description of Element
Ratio (seismically compact)
Flexure in flanges of rolled or built-up I- b/t 0.30 E / Fy
shaped sections [a], [c], [e], [g], [h]
Uniform compression in flanges of rolled or b/t 0.30 E / Fy
built up II-shaped
built-up shaped sections [b]
[b], [h]
Uniform compression in flanges of rolled or b/t
built-up I-shaped sections [d]
0.38 E / Fy
Uniform compression in flanges of channels, b/t
outstanding legs of pairs of angles
0.30 E / Fy
ments
[c], [g]
Uniform compression in flanges of H-pile
sections b/t 0.45 E / Fy
Flat bars[f]
[]
b/t 25
2.5
Un
Stiffened Elements
for Ca 0.125 [k]
E E
1.12
Fy
2.33 Ca 1.49 F
y
[a] Required for beams in SMF, Section 9 and SPSW, Section 17.
[b] Required for columns in SMF, Section 9, unless the ratios from Pu
E
Equation
ti 9 9-3
3 are greater
t th than 2
2.0
0 where
h itt d tto use p in
it iis permitted i LRFD, Ca
[ k] For LRFD
Specification Table B4.1.
bPy
[c] Required for braces and columns in SCBF, Section 13 and braces in bPa
OCBF, Section 14. For ASD, Ca
Py
[d] It is permitted to use p in Specification Table B4.1 for columns in
STMF, Section 12 and columns in EBF, Section 15. where
[e] Required for link in EBF, Section 15, except it is permitted to use p in Pa = required compressive
Table B4.1 of the Specification for flanges of links of length 1.6Mp / Vp strength (ASD), kips
or less. (N)
[f] Diagonal web members within the special segment of Pu = required compressive
STMF, Section 12. strength (LRFD),
[g] Chord members of STMF, Section 12. kips (N)
[h] Required for beams and columns in BRBF, Section 16. Py = axial yield strength,
[i] Required for columns in SPSW, Section 17. kips (N)
[j] For columns in STMF, Section 12; columns in SMF, if the ratios from b = 0.90
Equation 9-3 are greater than 2.0; columns in EBF, Section 15; or b = 1.67
EBF with flanges of links of length 1.6 Mp / Vp or less, it is permitted to
use the following for p:
E
for Ca 0.125, p = 3.76
Fy
1 2.75Ca
E E
for Ca > 0.125, p = 1.12
Fy
2.33 Ca 1.49 F
y
AISC Seismic Provisions:
8.3 Column Strength
(0 9 - 0.2
(0.9 0 2 SDS) D + o QE
AISC Seismic Provisions:
8.3 Column Strength (cont)
Exception:
The required axial compressive and tensile strength of
a column need not exceed:
Exception:
The required axial compressive and tensile strength of
a column need not exceed:
4 ft. min
AISC Seismic Provisions:
8.4 Column Splices
8.4a. General (cont).
4 ft. min
Provisions: Sections 1 to 8
AISC Seismic Provisions:
1 Scope
1.
2. Referenced Specifications, Codes and Standards
3 General Seismic Design Requirements
3.
4. Loads, Load Combinations and Nominal Strengths
5 Structural Design Drawings and Specifications,
5. Specifications
Shop Drawings and Erection Drawings
66. Materials
ate a s
7. Connections, Joints and Fasteners
8. Members