RvZxq wkvg

2012

evsjv`k I wekcwiPq
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l-`kg kwY
evsjv`ki BwZnvm I wekmfZv
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 RvZxq wkvg 2012
evsjv`k I wekcwiPq
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RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW

RvZxq wkvg 2012 i
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6. RvZxq wkvg 2012 Gi ewk 7
7. wkvg iciLv 7
8. wkLb kLvbv cwZ I Kkj 10
9. wkv_x g~jvqb 15
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11. evsjv`k I wekcwiPq wkvg 25
12. evsjv`ki BwZnvm I wekmfZv wkvg 128
13. f~Mvj I cwiek wkvg 151
14. cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv wkvg 187
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RvZxq wkvg 2012 iv

1. m~Pbv
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2. wkvg Dbqbi hwKZv
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RvZxq wkvg 2012
wkv_xK gyL KiZ DrmvwnZ Ki| cPwjZ wkvg Abymvb, mgmv
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KggyLx Kivi wkvgi Ae`vb mvlRbK bq| bevqbKZ wkvgi
Gme mxgveZv KvwUq DVvi cPv bIqv nqQ|
2.3 RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 evsjv`ki wkv GKwU gvBj djK| RvZxq
wkvbxwZ 2010 Abymvi wkvi gvag hyMvchvMx Rbkw Dbqbi Rb
cqvRb wkvgi Dbqb Ges Gi h_vh_ evevqb| RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Gi
evevqbi mevwaK iZc~Y c`c nQ wkvbxwZ Abymvi wkveevi ceZb
Ges Gi Rb cqvRb m Abymvi wkvg Dbqb|
2.4 evsjv`ki icK 2021 Gi j nQ wWwRUvj evsjv`k MVb Ges `kK
gag Avqi `k cwiYZ Kiv| wWwRUvj evsjv`k Mov Ges gag Avqi `k
cwiYZ Kivi cavb Dcvq nQ wkvi gvag h_vchy Rbkw mw Kiv| Avi
wkvi gvag Zv Kivi Rb cqvRb DchvMx wkvg|
2.5 GKwesk kZvxi wkvi Rb MwVZ AvRvwZK wkv Kwgkb wicvU Learning:
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1
3. wkvg Dbqb AbymZ gWj
Dk-wkLbdj gWj (Objective Model) Abymvi RvZxq wkvg 2012 Dbqb Kiv cevn wP RvZxq wkvg Dbqb cwqv
nqQ| GwUK djwfwK gWjI (Product Model) ejv nq| G gWj Abymvi wkvi
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nq| cvwK wkLbdjK kwYwfwK wkLbdj wefvRb Kiv nqQ| kwYwfwK
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kwYwfwK wkLbdjK wfw Ki kwY DchvMx welqe, wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg I

g~jvqb Kkjmn hveZxq wkv Kvhg wbaviY Kiv nq| AvRKi wek e `k wkvgi iciLv cYqb RvZxq wkvbxwZ
DkwfwK gWj AbymiY wkvg Dbqb Ki _vK| 2010

4. wkvg Dbqb AbymZ cwqv

welqwfwK wkvg cYqb
mKvwi GWyKkb mi WfjcgU cR (GmBGmwWwc) Gi KvwiMwi I Avw_K
mnvqZvq Ges RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW (GbwmwUwe) Gi mvweK Zveavb wkvgi mg^qmvab I mvweK ic`vb
GmBGmwWwc Gi wkvg wekle`, GbwmwUwe-Gi wkvg kvLvi KgKZve` Ges
wbevwPZ RvZxq chvqi wkvg wekl, welq wekl, wkvwe`, wkK, wkv
RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU KZK
wekl I Awf kwYwkKi mg^q MwVZ wewfb KwgwU wkvg Dbqb Kib|
wkvg 2012 Abygv`b
wkvg Dbqb bZZ I wb`kbv c`vb Kib GmBGmwWwci RvZxq wkvg
civgkK| wkvg Dbqb cwqvi wewfb chvq mvw`Z KvRi msw weeiY
Dcvcb Kiv njv:

RvZxq wkvg 2012 2

4.1 Aevi weklY
4.1.1 gvawgK ii cPwjZ wkvg chvjvPbv
GmBGmwWwci wkvg wekle` 2008 mvj gvawgK ii (wbg-gvawgK
I gvawgK) wkvg chvjvPbv Kib| hwK chvjvPbvi gvag wkvgi
wU-wePzwZ Ges wkv_x`i wkLb Pvwn`v c~iY wkvgi DchvwMZv hvPvB
Kiv nq| GB chvjvPbvi djvdj bZzb wkvg Dbqb weePbvq ivLv nq|
4.1.2 cPwjZ wkvgi g~jvqb
GmBGmwWwci wkvg weklMY gvawgK ii wkvg g~jvqb I Pvwn`v
wbicY mgxv 2010 kxlK GKwU MelYv cwiPvjbv Kib| G mgxvi gvag
wkvgi mej I `yej w`K, evevqbi cwZeKZv I cwigvRbi mg~n
wPwZ Ges wkv_x`i wkLb-Pvwn`v wbicY Kiv nq|
4.1.3 RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010
RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010-G DjwLZ wkv msv bxwZmg~n wekl Ki gvawgK
wkv mwKZ avivmg~n chvjvPbv Ki bZzb wkvg Dbqbi wfZ Zwi Kiv nq|
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wbw` chvq ch mgw^Z I GKgyLx wkvgi Af
y Kivi c`c bIqv nq|
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Abymvi wkv Kvhg cwiPvwjZ ne|
4.1.4 AvRvwZK chvqi wkvg chvjvPbv
mgmvgwqK weki wbevwPZ KqKwU `ki- fviZ , kxjv, gvjqwkqv, wmvcyi,
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chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Gme `ki wkveevi wekl Ki wkvgi wekl
w`Kmg~n chvjvPbv Ki evsjv`ki cwiwwZZ G`i DchvwMZv hvPvB Kiv nq|
4.1.5 cvmwK cwZe`b, ce I gZvgZ chvjvPbv
`k-we`k cKvwkZ wkv mwKZ wekl Ki wkvg welqK cwZe`b,
ce I gZvgZ chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Gjvi ga DjLhvM KqKwU nQ-
GKwesk kZvxi wkv mwKZ AvRvwZK wkv Kwgkbi cwZe`b UNESCO
(1996) Learning: The Treasure Within; ONeill, Geraldine (2010)
RvZxq wkvg 2012
Programme Design: Overview of Curriculum Models; Marsh, C.J (1997)
Perspective Key Concepts for Understanding Curriculum; Sheehan, John
(1986) Curriculum Models: Product versus Process, Smith, P.L (1993)
Instructional Design, Macmillan; RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW cwiPvwjZ
(2012) wbggvawgK, gvawgK I DPgvawgK chvqi wkvg, wkK cwkY
wkvg I cvVcyK Rvi mse`bkxjZv chvjvPbv kxlK cwZe`b, Rjevq~
cwieZb I `yhvM, ZvgvK wbqY, UNICEF (2009) cwiPvwjZ Rxeb
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Ki mswk welq cqvRbxq cvmwK welqe mshvRbi eev bIqv nq|
31wU cwZe`bi ga DjLhvM KqKwU nQ- Rjevqy cwieZb, Z_ cvwi
AwaKvi, Lv`-cyw, cRbb ^v, GBPAvBwf-GBWm, wekl Pvwn`vmb wk
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4.2 wkvgi iciLv cYqb
Aevi weklY _K j AwfZv I djvdji wfwZ GmBGmwWwci wkvg
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chvqi wkv Kvhg mgvKvix`i wkvq AMmiY cevn wP wbaviY Kib| Gmei
Dci wfw Ki wkvgi iciLv cYqb Kiv nq|
4.2.1 wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv
gnvb fvlv Av`vjb I gywhyi PZbv Ges Amvc`vwqK g~jevai
wfwZ `kcg weKvki myhvM mw
bwZKZv I gvbweK g~jeva weKvki Dci iZ c`vb
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wevbgb I KggyLx Kivi Dci iZ Avivc
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3
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DPwkv (mvaviY, gv`vmv, ckvMZ)
4.2.3 wkvg Dbqbi wbavwiZ bxwZgvjv I wkv Kvhg mgvKvix`i wkvq
AMmiY wPK mwq weePbvq iL wkvgi Lmov iciLv cYqb Kiv
nq| Lmov iciLvwU RvZxq wkvg civgkK I wkvg weklMYi ek
DPZi `Zvi KqwU AfixY mfvq chvjvPbv I cwigvRb Kiv nq| Gfve cwigvwRZ
Kg iciLv `ywU RvZxq mwgbvi (25 AvM 2010 Ges 23 deqvwi 2011)
Dcvcb I chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Gme mwgbvi RvZxq chvqi wkvg

KgRxeb
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9g _K 12k kwY gZvgZ c`vb Kib| mwgbvi _K cv mycvwik weePbvq iL iciLvwU
(mvaviY, gv`vmv) cek `Zvi Kg
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6 bs AbyQ` mshvwRZ)
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kl KD KD KvwiMwi wkvq hve| ewg~jK wkv mgvKvix`i GKwU Ask cek wkvg Dbqb welq wbweo cwkY `Iqv nq| cwkYi cavb wZbwU nQ
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cek Kie| KvwiMwi wkv kl KD KD DP wkvq (cKkj) hve, KDev ga nvZ Kjg bgybv wkvg Dbqb Ges chvjvPbv|
gvbi `Zv Kg Rxeb cek Kie| DP wkv kl DPZi `Zvi KgRxeb cek
Kie| Gfve wewfb vb `Zv wbq KgRxeb i Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 4

 4.3.2 cwkY cviwiK Avjvc-AvjvPbvi gvag welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb 4.3.7 mvweK wkvgwU UKwbKvj KwgwU KZK cwigvRbi ci wkv gYvjq KZK
wbgwjwLZ mvcvb AbymiYi wmv bIqv nq: MwVZ cdkbvj KwgwU I RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW KZK Abygvw`Z
(K) f~wgKv (welqi msw cwiPq) (L) Dk (mvaviY Dkvewji AvjvK nq| mekl RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU KZK Abygv`b jvfi ci
welqi Dkvewj) (M) cvwK wkLbdj (welqwfwK Dkvewj ARb wkvgwU RvZxq wkvg 2012 wnmve MnxZ nq|
DchvMx wbavwiZ i kl ARbhvM wkLbdj, QK 1 G cvwK wkLbdji
kwYwfwK wefvRb Ges QK 2 G kwYwfwK wkLbdj, Aavq I wcwiqW
msLv, AavqwfwK welqe, wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv, g~jvqb wb`kbv I cyK
cYqb wb`kbv| hnZz beg-`kg kwY I GKv`k-v`k kwY AweQ` kwY
mnZz G `ywU chvqi wkvg Dbqb QK 1G kwYwfwK wkLbdji
wefvRbi cqvRb nq wb|
4.3.3 cwZwU welqwfwK KwgwU w`bevcx wbavwiZ msLK mfvq wgwjZ nq wbavwiZ
QK wkvgi Lmov cYqb Ki| Gici GKB aibi welqQi welqwfwK
KwgwUmg~n I wkvg civgkKi h_ mfvq Lmov wkvg Dcvcb I
chvjvPbv Kiv nq| welq KwgwU m Abymvi wkvg cwigvRb Ki|
4.3.4 GKB aibi welqmg~n wbq PviwU `j MVb Ki cwZwU `ji AvevwmK Kgkvjv
Kzwgjv evW (BARD) AbywZ nq| welq KwgwUi m`me`, mswk fwUs KwgwU
I mv`bv KwgwUi m`me`, wkv gYvjq KZK MwVZ wkvg Dbqb
welqK UKwbKvj KwgwUi m`me` G Kgkvjvq AskMnY Kib| G Kgkvjvq
welqwfwK wkvg Dcvcb I chvjvPbv Kiv nq| chvjvPbvi AvjvK
mswk KwgwU wkvgi cqvRbxq cwigvRb Ki|
4.3.5 cieZxZ mKj wkvgi Rb mvaviY Ask Zwi Kiv nq| G AskwU c~e
cZKZ wkvgi iciLv I welqwfwK wkvgmg~ni mv_ mg^q Ki
c~Yv ic`vb Kiv nq|
4.3.6 Gici cYxZ wkvg wefvMxq Kgkvjvq Dcvcb I chvjvPbv Kiv nq|
Kgkvjvq welq-wkKMY `jMZfve ^ ^ welqi wkvg wbweofve
chvjvPbv Ki mywbw` mycvwik ivLb| Kgkvjvi G mycvwiki AvjvK welq
KwgwU wkvg cwigvRb Ki mvweK ic`vb Kib|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 5

 4.4 wkvg Dbqbi wewfb chvqi Kvhg
chvq Kvhg Dbqb/cYqbKvixe` chvq Kvhg Dbqb/cYqbKvixe`
1. Aevi 1.1 gvawgK ii cPwjZ 1.1 GmBGmwWwci wkvg 3. welqwfwK 3.1. wkvg Dbqbi Dci 3.1. wkvg civgkK I
weklY wkvg chvjvPbv wekle` wkvg wbweo cwkY c`vb UKwbKvj KwgwU
1.2 gvawgK ii wkvg 1.2 GmBGmwWwci wkvg Dbqb 3.3.1 wkv wekl, welq
g~jvqb I Pvwn`v wbicY wekle` wekl, Awf kwY
mgxv 2010 cwiPvjbv wkK, GbwmwUwe I
1.3 RvZxq wkvg 1995-96 1.3 GmBGmwWwci wkvg GmBGmwWwci wekl`i
weklY wekle` mg^q MwVZ welqwfwK
wkvg Dbqb KwgwU,
1.4 AvRvwZK chvqi 1.4 GmBGmwWwci wkvg wb`kbvq RvZxq wkvg
wkvg chvjvPbv wekle` Ges RvZxq civgkK
wkvg civgkK 3.3.2 wefvMxq Kgkvjvq
1.5 cvmwK cwZe`b, ce I 1.5 GmBGmwWwci wkvg 3.2. welqwfwK wkvg
Dbqb AskMnYKvix welq wkK
gZvgZ chvjvPbv wekle` Ges RvZxq I GmBGmwWwci wkvg
wkvg civgkK wekle`
2. wkvgi 2.1 wkvg Dbqbi 2.1 wkvg civgkKi 3.3.3 UKwbKvj KwgwU
iciLv bxwZgvjv wbaviY wb`kbvq
cYqb GmBGmwWwci 4. wkvgi 4.1. wkvgi mvgwMKfve 4.1.1 wkvg civgkK I
wkvg wekle` mg^q chvR Ask Zwi I GmBGmwWwci wkvg
mvab I mKj Aski mg^q wekle`
2.2 wkv Kvhg 2.2 wkvg civgkKi Abygv`b RvZxq wkvg 2012 4.1.2 UKwbKvj KwgwU
mgvKvix`i AMmiY wb`kbvq ic`vb Ges 4.1.3 fwUs KwgwU
cevn wP cYqb GmBGmwWwci wkvg 4.1.4 cdkbvj KwgwU
wekle` 4.1.5 GbwmwUwe
2.3 wkvgi iciLv cYqb 2.3.1 wkvg civgkKi
wb`kbvq 4.2. wkvg Abygv`b 4.2 RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU
GmBGmwWwci wkvg
wekle`
2.3.2 `ywU RvZxq mwgbvi
AskMnYKvixe`

RvZxq wkvg 2012 6

5. RvZxq wkvg 2012 Gi ewk
5.1 mvaviY, gv`vmv I BsiwR wkvavivmn mKj avivi wkvi Rb Ag kwY ch
GKgyLx I Awfb wkvg cYqb|
5.2 Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Kg I RxebgyLx wkv/Kvwiqvi GWyKkb mshvRbi
cvkvcvwk cPwjZ mvgvwRK wevb welqi cwieZ evsjv`k I wekcwiPq welq
mshvRb|
5.3 Rjevqy cwieZb, cRbb ^v, Z_ AwaKvi, AwURg BZvw` welqe mshvRb|
5.4 6 _K 10g kwYZ HwQK welq wnmve z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ welq
mshvRb|
5.5 hyMi Pvwn`vbymvi mKj ii cPwjZ welqvw`i welqe AvaywbKvqb Ges
GKv`k-v`k kwYZ HwQK welq wnmve (K) wnDgvb ivBUm G Rvi
vwWR (L) ccyjkb G WfjcgU vwWR (M) wnDgvb wimvm
WfjcgU Ges (N) UzwiRg G nmwcUvwjwU bZzb welqvw` mshvRb|
5.6 ag wkvmn mKj welq bwZK wkvi Dci iZ c`vb|
5.7 fvlv Av`vjb I gywhyi PZbv Ges Amvc`vwqK PZbv weKvki gvag
`kvZeva I RvZxq HK weKvki Dci iZ c`vb| `kvZeva weKvki gvag
AvRvwZKZveva mwi cqvm|
5.8 wevbgb, hywev`x, KggyLx I ` Rbkw mwi Dci iZ Avivc|
5.9 gvZfvlv evsjv Ges AvRvwZK fvlv BsiwR wkvq welqe gyL Kivi
cwieZ eenvwiK PviwU `Zv kvbv, ejv, cov I jLv kwYK Abykxjbi
gvag kLvi myhvM mw Ges AwRZ `Zv g~jvqbi cwZ ceZb|
5.10 wkLb-Kkj Kvhgi gvag wkv_x`iK mRbkxj Kiv A_vr weklYg~jK,
wPv DxcK I mRbkxj ckvi I KvR Abykxjbi gvag mRbkxj I
Dvebx gZvi weKvki myhvM c`vb|
5.11 hme welq eenvwiK KvR AvQ hgb- wevb, c`v_wevb, imvqb,
Rxewevb, Kwlwkv, Mvn wevb, kvixwiK wkv I ^v, Kg I RxebgyLx
wkv, Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Pvi I KviKjv welqi ZvwK I eenvwiK
Aski ga mg^q mvab Ges wkvK Rxeb I evegyLx Kivi cqvm| A_vr
cwZwU Z, m~ I bxwZ wkvi mv_ mv_ eenvwiK Kivi myhvM c`vb|
5.12 nvZ Kjg Ki kLv I `jMZ AvjvPbv Ki kLvi Dci iZ c`vb|
5.13 kwY Kvhg chywi eenvi ew|
5.14 wkvK Rxeb I evegyLx Kivi cqvm Ges `kxq cvcU Dbqbg Rbkw
mwi Dci iZ c`vb|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
5.15 Aavq _K Kx Kx vb, `Zv, g~jeva I `wfw ARb Kie Zv eywewK,
gbvcwkR I AveMxq wkLbdj wnmve cwZwU Aavqi iZ mshvRb|
5.16 wkvi gvag mecKvi elg `~i Ki mgZv weavbi myhvM mw| wj, ag, eY,
RvwZ, ckvMZ I A_bwZK elg `~i Kivi j GKxf~Z wkvq iZ c`vb|
5.17 wekvqbi Pvwn`v Abymvi gvbem` mwi cqvm|
5.18 cwZ wcwiqWi evw ew, AavqwfwK wcwiqW wbaviY, wkvel Kgw`emi
msLv ew|
5.19 RvZxq w`emmg~n zj Lvjv iL w`em D`hvcbi eev ceZb|
5.20 avivevwnK g~jvqbi (MVbKvjxb g~jvqb) gvag wkLb `yejZv wPwZ Ki
wbivgqg~jK mevi gvag wkLb wbwZKiY|
5.21 cPwjZ eenvwiK cixvi msvi mvabi gvag AwZwi bi c`vbi myhvM
e Kiv|
5.22 mvgwK g~jvqb/mvgwqK cixv I cvewjK cixv cwZi msvi|
6. wkvgi iciLv
6.1 l-v`k kwYi wkvi j I Dk
j
wkv_xi mvweK weKvki gvag gvbweK, mvgvwRK I bwZK Ymb vbx, `,
hywev`x I mRbkxj `kcwgK Rb m` mw|
Dk
K. wkv_xi my cwZfv I mvebv weKvki gvag mRbkxjZv, Kbv I Abymwrmv
ewZ mnvqZv Kiv|
L. wkv_xi ga gvbweK Yvewj, hgb- bwZK g~jeva, mZZv, Aaemvq, mwnyZv,
kLjv, AvZwekvm, m`vPvi, Abi cwZ kveva, bv`wbKZveva, mnv`c~Y
mK I bvqwePvieva my`pfve Mw_Z Kiv|
M. gnvb fvlv Av`vjb, gywhyi PZbv I Amvc`vwqK g~jevai AvjvK
wkv_xi ga `kcg, RvZxqZveva I MYZvwK g~jeva RvMZ Kiv Ges
mvebvgq bvMwiK wnmve eo DVZ mnvqZv Kiv|
N. wkv_xi ga evsjv`k mK mymsnZ vbi wfZ iPbv Z_v Gi BwZnvm,
HwZn, mswZ, Av_-mvgvwRK I MYZvwK ivRbwZKPPvi cwZ AvMn I hvMZv
mwi gvag ewkK cvcU `ki cMwZ I Dbqb Ae`vb ivLZ mg Ki
Mo Zvjv|
7
 O. kgi ghv`v, KvRi Afvm I KvR KiZ AvMnx nIqvi cwZ BwZevPK gbvfve 6.2 welq KvVvgv:
weKwkZ Kiv hvZ wkv_x ewMZ Ges `jMZ Dfq aibi KvR mv`b l _K Ag kwYi welq KvVvgv, b^i I mgq eb
bwZKZv I `vwqZkxjZvi cwiPq w`Z cvi| mKj avivi AvewkK welq cixvi mgqeb
P. mKj KvhKi hvMvhvM ivq wkv_xi cwgZ evsjv fvlvi `Zv my`p I (mvaviY wkv, gv`vmv wkv I BsiwR b^i (Kvm wcwiqW)
mymsnZ Kiv Ges wbqwgZ cvVvfvm Mo Zvjv| wkv aviv) mvvwnK mvgwqK evwlK
Q. evsjv mvwnZi AwbwnZ bv`wbK m`h, kLjv Ges mL DcfvM I D`NvUb 1. evsjv 150 5 87 174
wkv_xi hvMZv weKwkZ Kiv| 2. BsiwR 150 5 87 174
R. AvaywbK Kg, DPwkvmn mKj KvhKi hvMvhvMi cqvRb BsiwR 3. MwYZ 100 4 70 140
fvlvi gwjK `Zvmg~n ARbi gvag wkv_xK hvM Ki Mo Zvjv| 4. evsjv`k I wekcwiPq 100 3 53 106
S. wkv_xK MvwYwZK hyw, cwZ I `Zvi mv_ cwiwPZ Kivbv Ges RxebNwb I 5. wevb 100 4 70 140
weki cvwicvwkK mgmv mgvavbi Rb MwYZi cvqvwMK `Zv weKwkZ Kiv| 6. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw 50 2 35 70
T. wkv_xK chywi cwZ AvMnx Ki Zvjv Ges Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw eenvi gvU 650 23 402 804
AvZwekvmx, Drcv`bkxj Ges mRbkxj wnmve Zwi Kiv| mvaviY wkv avivi AvewkK welq
U. wkv_x hvZ Rxebgvb Dbqbi Rb RxebNwb wewfb mgmv Abymvb I mgvavb 7. ag I bwZK wkv: 100 3 53 106
evwbK cwqv I cwZ cqvM KiZ cvi m j evwbK `wfw I Bmjvg I bwZK wkv/wn`yag I bwZK
hvMZv ARb mnvqZv Kiv| wkv/wLag I bwZK wkv/ eag I
V. `k Ges ewnweki cvKwZK I mvgvwRK cwiek Ges Rjevqyi cwieZbi Dci bwZK wkv
iZvivc Ki cwiekMZ Dcv`vb mK wkv_x`i cwiwPZ Kiv| GKB mv_ 8. kvixwiK wkv I ^v 50 2 35 70
mswk mKji KjvYi Rb H mKj Dcv`vbK wbqY I eenvi Kivi hvMZv 9. Kg I RxebgyLx wkv 50 2 35 70
ARb mnvqZv Kiv| 10. Pvi I KviKjv 50 2 35 70
X. Lv` I cyw, kvixwiK mgZv, ivM-evwa, cRbb ^v Ges ewMZ wbivcv gvU 250 9 158 316
BZvw`i Dci iZvivc Ki wkv_xK ^vmZ Rxebhvcbi cqvRbxq vb, mvaviY avivi HwQK welq (GKwU bIqv hve)
Rxeb `Zv I `wfw ARb mnvqZv Kiv| 11. z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ/Kwl wkv/ 100 2 35 70
W. wkv_xi gb wbR wbR agxq wekvm I g~jeva RvMZ Kivi cvkvcvwk Ab ag I Mvnwevb/Aviwe/msZ/ cvwj/
agvej^x`i cwZ kvkxj nZ mnvqZv Kiv| msMxZ/bZ/bvUKjv
Y. wkv_xi ga evOvwj Ges z` RvwZ-Mvxi bvix-cyil, eY, Mv, fvlv, mswZ, megvU 1000 34 595 1190
wewfb kwY I ckvi gvbyli cwZ vZZ I kveva mw Kiv| `e:
Z. wkv_xi `wnK I gvbwmK weKvki j mnwkvwgK Kvhvewj- Ljvayjv, kixiPPv, c_g wcwiqWi evw 60wgwbU I Abvb wcwiqWi evw 50wgwbU|
mvswZK KgKv, Pvi I KviKjv Abykxjbi wbqwgZ Afvm Mo Zvjv|
kwbevi _K eyaevi cwZw`b 6wcwiqW Ges enwZevi 4wcwiqW|
_. Rxebevcx wkvq AvMnx I hvM Kivi Rb wkv_xi ewMZ I mvgvwRK Rxeb,
AvaywbK Kg Ges ^-Kgmsvbi Rb cqvRbxq vb, `Zv I `wfw my`p `wbK cviwK mgvek (assembly) Gi gqv` 15wgwbU Ges 3q wcwiqW ci gav
Kiv| weiwZ 45wgwbU|
`. mnhvwMZvg~jK KvR Kivi gvag wkv_xi bZZ, mnhvwMZv I hvMvhvM `Zv `yB wkdU cwiPvwjZ cwZvb me 5wgwbU Ki mgq Kg ne Ges gav
weKvk mg Kiv|
weiwZ 25wgwbU|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 8
 6.3 mvaviY wkv avivi beg-`kg kwYi welq-KvVvgv, b^i I mgq eb
welqi aib welq cixvi mgqeb welqi aib welq cixvi mgqeb
b^i (Kvm wcwiqW) b^i (Kvm wcwiqW)
mvvwnK mvgwqK evwlK mvvwnK mvgwqK evwlK
1. evsjv 200 5 80 160 eemvq wkv 12. f~Mvj I cwiek/ 100 3 48 96
2. BsiwR 200 5 80 160 kvLvi HwQK evsjv`k I wekcwiPq/
3. MwYZ 100 4 64 128 welq Kwlwkv/Mvnwevb/
4. ag I bwZK wkv 100 2 32 64 (GKwU bIqv z` bMvxi fvlv I
(Bmjvg I bwZK wkv/ hve) mswZ/Pvi I KviKjv/
AvewkK wn`yag I bwZK wkv/ msMxZ/ewmK UW
wLag I bwZK wkv/ megvU 1300 36 576 1152
eag I bwZK wkv) gvbweK 7. evsjv`ki BwZnvm I 100 3 48 96
5. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw 50 2 32 64 kvLvi Rb wekmfZv
6. Kvwiqvi wkv 50 1 16 32 AvewkK 9. f~Mvj I cwiek 100 3 48 96
7. kvixwiK wkv , ^v 100 2 32 64 welq 10. A_bxwZ/cibxwZ I 100 3 48 96
wevb I Ljvayjv bvMwiKZv
gvU 800 21 336 672 11. wevb 100 3 48 96
gvbweK 12. A_bxwZ/cibxwZ I 100 3 48 96
kvLvwfwK welq
kvLvi bvMwiKZv/Pvi I
wevb kvLvi 8. c`v_wevb 100 3 48 96 HwQK welq KviKjv /Kwlwkv
Rb 9. imvqb 100 3 48 96 (GKwU bqv /Mvnwevb/ z`
AvewkK 10.Rxewevb/DPZi MwYZ 100 3 48 96 hve) bMvxi fvlv I mswZ/
welq 11.evsjv`k I wekcwiPq 100 3 48 96 Aviwe/msZ/ cvwj/
wevb kvLvi 12. Rxewevb/DPZi 100 3 48 96 msMxZ/ewmK UW
HwQK welq MwYZ/ z` bMvxi fvlv /kvixwiK wkv I
(GKwU bIqv I mswZ, Kwlwkv/ xov*
hve) Mvnwevb/ f~Mvj I
megvU 1300 36 576 1152
cwiek/Pvi I KviKjv
/msMxZ/ewmK UW/ `e:
kvixwiK wkv I xov* wevb, gvbweK I eemvq wkv kvLv nZ hKvb GKwU kvLv wbevPb Ki wbevwPZ
megvU 1300 36 576 1152 kvLvi AvewkK welqmg~n wbZ ne|
eemvq wkv 8. eemvq D`vM 100 3 48 96 mvn 6w`b `wbK 6wcwiqW Kvm ne|
kvLvi Rb 9. wnmvewevb 100 3 48 96 wcwiqWi evw I Abvb welq l _K Ag kwYi Abyic ne|
AvewkK 10.wdbv I evswKs 100 3 48 96 * kvixwiK wkv I xov welqwU ay evsjv`k xov wkv cwZvbi wevb kvLv I gvbweK
welq 11. wevb 100 3 48 96 kvLvi wkv_xiv HwQK welq wnmve wbZ cvie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 9

 7. QywUi ZvwjKv 8. wkLb-kLvbv cwZ I Kkj
wgK welq wkvgi myz evevqbi gvag wkv_xi wkLb wbwZKiY A_vr wkLbdj ARb
bs cavbZ `ywU welqi Dci wbfikxj| mePq iZc~YwU nQ kwYwkKi mwq
1. *AvLwi Pvnvi mv^v mnhvwMZv I h_vchy wkLb-kLvbv cwZ I Kkji myy cqvM Ges wZxqwU
2. * C`-B-wgjv`ybex (mv:)
nQ gvbmZ cvVcyK I Abvb wkvcKiYi mwVK eenvi| Dfq B
3. kx kx mi^Zx c~Rv
4. knx` w`em I AvRvwZK gvZfvlv w`em
wkKi f~wgKv AZ iZc~Y| GK K_vq wkv_xi wkLb wbwZKiYi
5. *dvZnv-B-BqvR`vng wkKi Pq Dg Avi wKQy bB| GLvb weklfve DjL h, AbK KwVb I
6. *gvNx c~wYgv RwUj KvR hv Kivi Rb AbK kg I mgq cqvRb Zv h_vwPZ cwZ I Kkj
7. kx kx wkeivw cqvM mnR I Kg mgq mwVKfve mb Kiv me| wkv_xi wkLbi I G
8. RvwZi RbK eez kL gywReyi ingvbi Rbw`em wbqg chvR| wkK c~e cwZ wbq Kg cwikg Ges AcvKZ Kg mgq
9. ^vaxbZv I RvZxq w`em h_vwPZ cwZ I Kkj cqvM wkv_xi wkLbdj ARb wbwZ KiZ cvib|
10. f `vjhvv
11. Bvi mvbW 8.1 wkv_xi wkLb wbwZ Kivi welq KqKwU K_v
12. evsjv beel 8.1.1 wkLb-kLvbv cwqvq wkv_xi mwqZv LyeB iZc~Y| mwqZvi `ywU -
13. g w`em gvbwmK mwqZv I `wnK mwqZv| gvbwmK mwqZv A_vr wkYxq welq
14. MxKvjxb AeKvk, *ey c~wYgv/ ekvLx c~wYgv wkv_xi wPb cwqv Dx Kiv| Ggb mgmv, ck ev KvR `Iqv hvi mgvavb
15. *ke-B-wgivR wPv Ki ei KiZ nq| `wnK mwqZv njv nvZ-Kjg KvR Ki kLv| wkv
16. *ke-B-eivZ
jvf cwqvq wkv_xK mwq ivLv Mj Kg mgq I mnR wkLb me|
17. *cwe igRvb, Rygv-Zzj-we`v, ke-B K`i, C`-Dj-wdZi
18. RvZxq kvK w`em 8.1.2 gvbyl GK aibi KvR `xN mgq gbvhvM w`Z cvi bv| wk`i
19. f Rbvgx gbvhvM `Iqvi evw eq`i Pq Kg| wewfb MelYvq `Lv MQ, 12 _K
20. `yMvc~Rv, *cwe C`-Dj-Avhnv, kx kx jxcyRv 16 eQi eqmx wk`i G evw 8 _K 10 wgwbU, ZvI Avevi wbfi Ki
21. kx kx Kvjx cyRv/kx kx kvgv cyRv KvRwU KZUv AvKlYxq Ges Avb``vqK| AZGe kwY Kvhg ne ewPc~Y|
22. *wnRix beel AvjvPbv, `jMZ KvR, M, jLv, AuvKv, weZK, Awfbq, nvZ-Kjg KvR,
23. *Aviv ckvi, c`kb BZvw` cvVi mv_ mwZ iL cqvM Kiv nj wkv_xi
24. weRq w`em
gbvhvM ai ivLv me|
25. kxZ Kvjxb AeKvk, hx wLi Rbw`b
26. cavb wkKi msiwZ QzwU
8.1.3 cZK ewB ^Z (every individual is a unique)| wkv_x`i Zv ewk
weePbvi `vwe ivL| cZK wkv_x Zvi wbRi gZv Ki wbR MwZZ kL|
ZvB ew^vZi K_v weePbvq iL h_vme wkv_xi DchvMx Dcvq
*Puv` `Lvi Dci wbfikxj mnhvwMZv `Iqv nj wkv_xi c wkvjvf mnR nq|
8.1.4 wkvK ejv nq eK cwqv| eKi Dci eK vcb Ki weivU BgviZ Zwi Kiv
`e:
nq| GKBfve Rvbv AwfZv, vb, `Zvi Dci wfw Ki bZzb vb, `Zv I
^vaxbZv I RvZxq w`em, weRq w`em, knx` w`em I AvRvwZK gvZfvlv w`em, RvZxq kvK w`em Ges RvwZi
RbK eez kL gywReyi ingvbi Rbw`em zj Lvjv _vKe, kwY Kvhg e iL w`em D`hvcb Kiv ne|
g~jeva ARb mnR mnvqZv `Iqv hvq| ZvB wkv_xi Rxeb _K Dcgv,
D`vniY w`q Ges c~e j vb, `Zvi mv_ mshvM vcb Ki bZzb vb,
`Zv ARb mnvqZv Kiv nj wkv jvf mnR nq|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 10

8.1.5 wkv_xiv hv wkLe Zv eyS wkLe| Kvb welq mK my aviYv jvf Kie| bv
eyS gyL Kiv h_v_ wkv bq| GZ wkLbi mvjb nq bv| eyS wkLj ev Kvb
mgmv mgvavbi hyw I cwZ eyS cqvM Kij Abyic mgmvi mgvavb wbRB
KiZ cvi| ZvB gyLi Pq eySvi Dci iZ `Iqv cqvRb|
8.1.6 wkv jvf h_vh_ wkvcKiYi mwVK eenvi AZ iZc~Y| me welqB Kg-
ewk wkvcKiY eenvii myhvM AvQ| wkvcKiYi mvnvh RwUj I weg~Z
welqK mnR I g~Z Ki Dcvcb Ki welqwUK aviYv `Iqv hvq| GKwU
QvU MvQ kwYZ c`kb Ki MvQi wewfb Ask ev gvwwgwWqvq m~hMnY `Lvj hZ
mnR mwVK aviYv jvf me Ab Kvbvfve Zv me bq| gvwwgwWqv eenvii
myhvM bv _vKj P`, cw_ex I m~hi Awfbq ev PvU eenvi Kiv hvq|
8.1.7 wkLbK vqxKiYi Rb cqvRb Abykxjbi eev| bZzbfve AwRZ vb, `Zv
evievi Abykxjb Kiv nj GKw`K hgb wkLb vqx nq, Abw`K wkLb mvjbi
myhvM mw nq|
8.1.8 wkv ARbi wkv_xi cwZ wkKi mnvbyf~wZc~Y AvPiY LyeB iZc~Y|
wkK-wkv_xi mK Ggb ne hb wkv_x ay jLvcov welqK mgmv bq, Zvi h
Kvb ewMZ, cvwievwiK mgmv webv msKvP wkKi mv_ AvjvPbv Ki| wkK
mgmv mgvavb civgk w`eb Ges mvagZ mnvqZv Kieb| wkK-wkv_xi gvS
Kvbv `qvj _vKe bv| mK ne mn-kvi Ges LyeB Nwb I AvwiK|
8.1.9 wkKi wekvm _vKZ ne h, Zuvi mKj wkv_xB kLvi mvg_ mb| mevi
kLvi Dcvq I MwZi ga cv_K _vKZ cvi, Ze Dchy cwiek I mnhvwMZv
cj mevB kL| Kvb wkv_xi cwZ wkKi bwZevPK gbvfve _vKj H wkK
_K wkv_xi DcKZ nIqvi mvebv LyeB Kg| ZvB cwZwU wkv_xi cwZ wkKi
DP aviYv _vKv evbxq| Kvb wkv_xK KLbI gv_vq Mvei, ZvK w`q wKQyB
ne bv, Mvav, Ac`v_ BZvw` Kvb aibi bwZevPK ev wbirmvng~jK K_v ejv
hve bv| eZ eenvi ev Kvb cKvi kvixwiK ev gvbwmK kvw c`vb wkv jvfi
Aivq Ges ivxq AvBb kvwhvM Aciva| Drmvn c`vb Kiv nj wkv_xi kLvi
AvMn AbKUvB eo hvq|
9. wkLb gZev`
9.1 wkv wevbi AZ iZc~Y welq wkLb gZev`| `xNw`b ai _bWvBKi cPv I
fyj mskvab gZev` (Trail and Error Theory of Thorndike); cfjfi DxcK I
cwZwqvwfwK mvc cwZeZev` (Conditioned Reflex Theory of Pavlov); Kvnjvi
I KvdKvii mgMZvev` (Gestalt Theory) wkLbi AbymZ nq AvmQ| eqmf`
wk`i AeaviY gZv wfb G welq Theory of Cognitive Development of Piaget
RvZxq wkvg 2012
wkvwevb mwekl Ae`vb iL PjQ| G gZev` AeaviY gZv ev mvg_i
ZviZg Abymvi 1 _K 16 eQi eqmi wk RxebK PviwU i fvM Kiv nqQ|
fvMjv nQ (K) 0-2 eQi mse`b mvjbi i (L) 2-7 eQi cvK-KvhKi i (M)
7-11 eQi eve KvhKi i Ges (N) 11-16 eQi AvbyvwbK KvhKi i| wkvg
Dbqb I wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg cwiPvjbvq wki AeaviY gZv ev mvg_i welq
weePbvq ivLv LyeB iZc~Y| Kvb eqmi wk KZUzKz aviY KiZ cvi ev Kvb eqm
Kx Kx aibi weg~Z aviYv jvf KiZ mg m mK my aviYv _vKv AZvekK|
wkLbi DwjwLZ cZKwU gZev` g~jZ AvPiYev`| wK eZgvb wek mevwaK AvjvP
wkLb gZev`wU aviYv MVb mwKZ hv MVbev` bvg cwiwPZ|
9.2 MVbev` (Constructivist Theory)
wkv_x wKfve kL G mK wkv gbvwevbx`i AevnZ cPvi dj D~Z
mevaywbK Z nQ MVbev`| jvwUb k Constrvere _K Construct kwUi Drcw
hvi A_ webvm Kiv ev MVb `Iqv| ZvB G Zi g~jK_v njv aviYv MVbB wkLb|
cwZ gyn~ Z Bw`q Mvn Z_ viv Avgv`i wPbi ga h wbqwgZ MVb Ges
cwieZb nQ Zvi gvagB wkLb cwqv NU| cZK wkv_x wbRi AwfZv Ges
cvwicvwkKZv Abyavb Ki wbRi gZv GKKfve bZzb vb I aviYv MVb Ki|
ew bZzb wKQyi myLxb nj m GUvK Zvi c~ej vb I AwfZvi AvjvK
hvPvB Ki MnY Ki| GfveB ew bZzb aviYv ev vb ARb Ki| hvPvBq bZzb
welqK Aevi gb nj GUvK m evwZj Ki `q| wkLbi Jerome Bruner
cwiek I fvlv weKvki Dci ewk cvavb w`qQb| Zuvi gZ vbweKvki
cwieki f~wgKv ewk Ges vbweKvki wewfb i wk vbi AvIZvfz wewfb
mgmvi mgvavb wewfbfve `q| GUv wbfi Ki wki c~e AwfZv I vbi Dci|
David Jonassen gb Kib MVbev` wkKi f~wgKv ne bZzb aviYv MVb
wkv_xK mnvqZv Kiv| ay Z I Z_ mieivn Kiv bq| wkK mgmv-mgvavb ev
Abymvbi wb`kbv w`eb, wkv_xiv hvZ wbRivB AbywgZ aviYv Zwi I cixv
Ki wmv wbZ cvi Ges `jMZ wkLb cwiek Ab`iK Zv RvbvZ cvi| G
cwqvq vb jvfi gvag wkv_xiv wKfve DcKZ nQ Zv D`NvUb KiZ wkK
wkv_x`i DrmvwnZ Kib| Jonassen AviI gb Kib h, wkv_xiv wbRiv
wbR`iK ck Ki Ges Zv`i eeZ cwZ Kkji h_v_Zv hvPvB Ki
wbRivB g g Awf wkv_xZ cwiYZ nq, wKfve wkLZ nq (How to learn)
Zv Zviv Avq Ki dj| Gfve Zviv Rxeb-evcx wkv_xZ (Life-long learners)
cwiYZ nq|
11
 MVbev`wfwZ wkvgi webvm ne kwLj (spiral)| G eevq wkv_x AwRZ
aviYv, vb I `wfwi Dci wfw Ki gvMZfve bZzb bZyb aviYv, vb I
`wfw ARb Kie|
David Jonassen GigZvbymvi MVbev`x kwYK wkLb ne-
MwVZ (Constructed): wkv_xiv Zv`i c~e vb, aviYv I AwfZvi mv_ bZzb vb
I AwfZvi mg^q Ki Abyavbi gvag wbRi gvS bZzb aviYv MVb Kie|
mwq (Active) : wkv_xiv wbRivB wbR`i aviYv mw Kie| wkK Zv`iK
cqvRbxq wb`kbv w`eb Ges wkv_x`iK cixv KiZ, DcKiYvw` eenvi
KiZ, ck KiZ I cPv PvjvZ myhvM Ki w`eb| wkv_x`iK wbR`i
j I Kgcv wbaviY mnvqZv w`eb|
Abyavbg~jK (Reflective): wkK wkv_x`iK Zv`i wbR wbR wkLb cwqvi Dci
ck Kivi Ges Abyavb Kivi myhvM Zwi Kieb| G KvR wkv_xiv GKKfve ev
`jMZfve KiZ cvi| wkK wkv_x`i Rb Ggb me KvR w`eb hvZ wkv_xiv
wbR`i KvRi chvjvPbv Ki g~jvqb KiZ cvi|
mnhvwMZvg~jK (Collaborative): MVbev`x kwY Kvhg ne mnhvwMZvg~jK|
wkv_xiv `ji cZKi _K cZK wkLe Ges GK AbK wkLZ mnhvwMZv
Kie| hLb wkv_xiv mgeZfve wkLb cwqv chvjvPbv I Abyavb Ki ZLb Zviv
GK Ab _K djcm~wU MnY Kivi myhvM cvq|
Abymvb ev mgmvwfwK (Inquiry or Problem-Based): MVbev`i g~jK_v nQ
mgmvi mgvavb| G wkv_xiv Abymvbg~jK cwZi gvag ck Ki, Kvb
wKQyi mvb Ki Ges mgvavb ev Di cvIqvi Rb wewfb cwZ I Kkj cqvM
Ki|
weKvkgvb (Evolving): wkv_xiv Zv`i chvjvPbv I Abyavbi gvag c~e
AwRZ Kvb vbK AmZ I Am~Y gb KiZ cvi| m Zviv
Abymvbi gvag bZzb wmv cuQve| cPv Pvwjq hve Ges bZzb vb I
AwfZvwfwZ c~ej wmv cybmsvi Kie|
9.3 MVbev`i mv_ mgMZvev`i (Gestalt Theory) ek wgj AvQ| Gestalt Rvgvb
k hvi A_ Structure ev MVb| wkLb cwqvq aviYv MVb c_K c_K Dcv`vbi
Dci bq, mvgwMKfve Dcv`vbjvi Dci wbfi Ki| MVbev`iI g~j K_v aviYv
MVb hv wbfi Ki wkv_xi c~ej
aviYv, vb, AwfZv I cvwicvwkK Aevi
RvZxq wkvg 2012
Dci| mgMZvev` Abyhvqx PvL, Kvb, ZK BZvw` Bw`qjv viv Avgiv h
Z_jv cvB mjvK Avgiv gb gb c~Yv ic `B, Avi MVbev`i gZ
Avgiv Gme Bw`qMvn Z_jv w`q cZK ^Z GKwU gvbwmK wP Zwii
gvag AwfZv ARb Kwi| Gfve AwRZ AwfZv GKwUi Dci GKwU mvwRq
wkLb mb Kwi|
10. wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg cwiPvjbvi KwZcq cwZ I Kkj
wkv_xi wkLb AbKvsk wbfi Ki wkK KZK cwiPvwjZ cwZ I Kkji
Dci| wkv_x`i gZv I ceYZv Ges cvVi ewki wfwZ cwZ I Kkj
wbevPb Kiv cqvRb| cwZ I Kkj mwVK nj Ges h_vh_fve cqvM Kiv nj
wkv_x mnR wkLZ cvi| GLvb KqKwU cwZ I Kkji msw cwiPq
`Iqv njv:
10.1 ck- Di cwZ (Question-Answer Method)
ck- Di GKwU ej cPwjZ I KvhKi cwZ| G cwZi mwVK cqvMi gvag
wkv_xK mwq iL wkLb mnhvwMZv Kiv hvq| wewfb Dk ck Kiv nq _vK|
kLvi Rb ck, wkLbdj ARb cwigvci Rb ck, Kvb wekl Kgi DchvwMZv
hvPvB Kivi Rb ck, BZvw` ek KqKwU aib iqQ| hgb:
10.2 ck Kivi ixwZ
mg kwYK Dk Ki ck Kiv| c_g Kvb wkv_xK wbw` Ki ZvK ck
Kiv nj kwYi Ab wkv_xiv wbwq _vK, AgbvhvMx nZ cvi| mevBK
mwq ivLvi Rb mg kwYK ck KiZ nq|
wPv Ki Di wVK Kivi Rb wKQyUv mgq `Iqv|
Di `vb kLjv eRvq ivLv| cviM wkv_xiv nvZ DVve| mevi GKmv_ Di
`Iqvi Afvm ZvM KivZ ne|
wkv_xK wbw` Ki Di w`Z ejv| GKB wkv_xK evi evi Di `Iqvi
myhvM bv w`q chvqg mevBK myhvM `Iqv| cqvRb Di `vb BwZ
(Kz) w`q mnvqZv Kiv| Di mwVK bv nj Ab wkv_xK Di w`Z ejv|
mwVK Di cybivew Kiv|
Gici c~e nvZ DVvqwb Ggb AcviM wkv_xK GKB cki Di w`Z ejv|
cqvRb Abymvbx ck (probing question) Kiv| GKwU cki Di _K h
ck RvM ZvK Abymvbx ck ejv nq|
12
10.3 cki aib
cki fvlv ne mnR I kwY DchvMx|
ck ne wkv_xi wPv DxcK I ciYv mwKvix| Kb, wKfve, KviY Kx,
evLv Ki, weklY Ki, Zzjbv Ki BZvw` viv ck Kiv nj wPv Ki Di
ei KiZ nq|
hme cki Di nuv ev bv Ggb ck bv KivB fvj| wZ wbfi ck hgb Kx,
K, Kv_vq, KqwU ev KvK ej BZvw` ck hZUv me cwinvi Kiv|
chvqg Ggbfve ck Kiv hb ckmg~ni Di _K welqe mK
aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| cqvRb ckvii gvS gvS AvjvPbv Kiv|
Abymvbg~jK ck (probing question) A_vr GKwU cki Di _K D~Z ck
Ki welqi c~YZv Avbv cqvRb| hgb-
g~j ck: zj wkv_x`i Mo DcwwZ KZ?
Di : mvaviY mgq 85%, wekl mgq 50%
Abymvbg~jK ck: wekl mgq Kg Kb?
Di : avb ivcY I avb KvUvi gmyg Qjgq`i AbK KwlKvR
AwffveKK mnvqZv Ki ZvB zj Avm bv|
10.4 wkKi KiYxq
mwVK Dii Rb wkv_xK Drmvn c`vb
fyj Dii Rb wb`kbv I wkLZ AbyciYv `Iqv
mwVK Dii cm Ub AvjvPbvi gvag aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv
wkv_xK ck KiZ myhvM `Iqv, DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges wkv_xi cki Di `Iqv
11. `jMZ mnhvwMZvg~jK wkv cwZ
`jMZ mnhvwMZvg~jK cwZ GKwU mdj wkLbcwZ| G cwZZ GKB
eqtgi ev GKB chvqi wk_xiv cii wg_wqvi gvag wkv jvf Ki|
G wkKi f~wgKv civ wK iZc~Y| `jMZ KvRi gvag cwZwU
wkv_xi ay vb-`ZvB ew cvq bv, mv_ mv_ ek wKQy gvbweK Yvewji
weKvk NU| K_v kvbvi I K_v ejvi kLjv AbymiY, cigZ mwnzZv, bZZ,
mgSvZv BZvw` Yvewji weKvk NU|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
11.1 `j MVb
wewfbfve `j MVb Kiv hvq| mg-mvg_i wkv_x`i `j, wgk mvg_i
wkv_x`i `j, welqwfwK `j, AjwfwK `j BZvw`| AbK wgk mvg_
`ji myweav Ab`i Pq wKQyUv ewk| cwZ cvVi Rb ev cwZ welqi Rb bZzb
Ki `j MVb KiZ Mj AbK mgq jvM| ZvB kwYwkK (whwb c_g wcwiqW
Kvm bb) `j MVb Kieb| cqvRb GK gvm Ai Ai bZzb Ki `j MVb
Kieb| GZ wkv_x`i wg_wqvi cwimi ew cvq| GKB kwYi wewfb welqi
wkKMY kwYwkK KZK MwVZ `jjvKB `jMZ KvR wbqvwRZ Kieb|
cwZwU `ji AvKvi 6 _K 8 Rb nj fvj, Ze 10 Rbi ewk nIqv evbxq
bq| cZK `ji GKwU Ki bvg _vKj myweav nq| dj, dzj, cvwL, b`x ev is
Gi bvg `ji bvg ivLv hvq|
11.2 `jMZ KvRi Avmb webvm
`jMZ KvRi Avmb webvm Ggb ne hvZ `ji mKj wkv_x gyLvgywL emZ
cvi| kwYKi AvKvi eo nj Ges chv Avmevec _vKj, cwZ `j Mvj
Uweji Pvicvk eme| Gic Avmevec bv _vKj cvKv gSZ gv`yiI Mvj
nq emZ cvi| bZzev c_g ei wkv_xiv Nyi wZxq ei gyLvgywL eme,
Gfve ZZxq e Nyi PZz_ ei gyLvgywL| G cwZ `ji wkv_x`iK
ci ci `ye emZ ne| wkK `jMZ KvR eywSq `Iqvi mv_ mv_B
`jefve em `jMZ KvR i KiZ ne| Avmevec UvbvUvwb Ki mgq b
Kiv hve bv|
11.3 `jMZ KvR Kivi cwqv
`j fvM nIqvi AvMB mgeZ Kvm wkK Ki `jMZ KvR eywSq w`eb|
wkK `ji GKRbK GKwU KvRi Rb `jbZv gbvbqb w`eb| chvqg
`ji cZKK `jbZvi `vwqZ w`eb|
wkv_xiv `j fvM nq eme| `ji cZK welqwU wbq wPv Kie| Zvici
AvjvPbv i Kie| GKRb K_v ejvi mgq Abiv gb w`q be| K_vi
gvS KD K_v eje bv| Ze AvjvPbv Ah_v `xN ev cm ewnf~Z nj
`jbZv f`fve wbqY Kie|
`ji cZK AvjvPbvq AskMnY Kie|
AvjvPbvi gvag Z, Z_, hyw Dcvcb I hyw Lb Kie|
13
 Kviv K_v AcQ` nj ev gbtcyZ bv nj ah ai bZ ne, ci hyw w`q
Lb Kiv hve, ivM Kiv ev Akvfb AvPiY Kiv hve bv|
Rvi Ki Ab`i Dci wbRi gZvgZ Pvwcq `Iqvi Pv Kiv hve bv|
AvjvPbvi djvdj `ji wmv wnmve wjLZ ne Ges mevBK gb wbZ ne|
cieZxZ mgeZ Kvm wkKi wb`kvbymvi H AvjvPbvi `jbZv `ji cwZe`b
Dcvcb Kie| Ab `ji ck _vKj `ji c h Kvb GKRb Di w`e|
`jMZ KvR Pjvi mgq Kvb gZvbK ev mgmv `Lv w`j `jbZv nvZ Zzj
wkKi wb`kbv PvBe|
11.4 `jMZ KvRi aib
`jMZ KvR cavbZ Abymvbg~jK ev mgmvwfwK ne| `jMZ KvRi welq wPv
DxcK, mRbkxj I weklYagx ne| mvaviY Z, Z_ ev vbg~jK Rvbvi welq
`jMZ AvjvPbvi welq nq bv| ZvZ Abymvb ev wPv DxcK wKQy _vK bv|
11.5 `jMZ KvRi KqKwU D`vniY
K. evsjv`k _K wewfb cRvwZi cvwL gvMZ wejy nIqvi KviY I Zv`i
ivi Dcvq Abymvb|
L. Mvgi wbii gvbylK ^v mPZb Kivi wkv_x`i KiYxq wbaviY|
M. cixYi gvag wewfb cKvi gvwUi ewk wPwZKiY|
N. evsjv`ki wk`i AwaKvi ivq miKvi, mgvR I AwffveKi KiYxq wbaviY|
O. GKwU AbyQ`i mvigg D`NvUb|
11.6 `jMZ KvRi welq wnmve mwVK bq
K. AbycvZmn evqyi Dcv`vbmg~ni bvg
L. evsjv`ki f~-cKwZi eYbv
M. mvK `kmg~ni ivRavbx, RbmsLv I gv_vwcQy Avq
N. cigvYyi MVb eYbv
O. Z_ AwaKvi AvBb eYbv
11.7 `jMZ KvRi gvag wkLb `yejZvi Aemvb
wkv_x`i KD KD wewfb KviY wbavwiZ wkLbdj ARb KiZ cvi bv|
avivevwnK g~jvqbi gvag wkLb `yejZvmb wkv_x`i wPwZ Ki Zv`i Rb
wekl `jMZ KvRi eev Kiv hvq| G GKB kwYi GKRb wkLbdj
RvZxq wkvg 2012
ARbKvix PKm wkv_xK `jbZv wnmve `ji Ab`iK wkLb mnhvwMZv
Kivi `vwqZ `Iqv nq| wkK `jbZvK c~eB cqvRbxq wb`kbv w`q `b|
mgchvqi wkv_x viv Ab wkv_x`iK wkLb mnhvwMZv `IqvK Peer
Learning ejv nq|
11.8 `jMZ KvR PjvKvjxb wkKi KiYxq
`jMZ KvR PjvKvjxb wkK Nyi Nyi cZK `ji KvR cheY Kieb|
hLvb hLb cqvRb wb`kbv I mnvqZv w`eb| cieZxZ `jMZ KvR Dcvcbi
mgq fyj-vw ev Am~YZv _vKj awiq w`eb|
11.9 c`kb cwZ (Demonstration Method)
c`kb cwZi g~jK_v njv Kvb wKQy `wLq GwU mK aviYv jvf
wkv_x`iK mnvqZv Kiv| Kvb wKQy Dcvcb ay eYbv ev AvjvPbvq mxgve
bv _K Zv `Lvbv nj aviYv jvf mnR nq Ges GZ wkv_x`i AvMn I Drmvn
ew cvq| G cwZZ cvVi welq mswk eve e ev cZfve cwqv `wLq
eYbv, AvjvPbv ev ck- Dii gvag aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv nq| hgb- GKwU
Rev dzji Askjv `wLq dzji Askjvi mK aviYv ARb mnvqZv Kiv;
kwYK wkv_x`i mvgb hcvwZ mshvRb Ki `vi mv_ cvZjv mvjwdDwiK
GwmW wgwkq nvBWvRb cZ Ki `Lvbv BZvw`|
AbK eve e ev NUbv mivmwi `Lvbv me nq bv| m Aaevei
mvnvh aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv hvq| hgb- P` ev m~hMnY mK aviYv jvfi
Rb kwYK wmwW ev wWwfwWi gvag gvwwgwWqvq cw_ex I Puv`i wbR wbR
Kc_ N~Yb `wLq MnY NUvi welqwU cwivi Kiv hvq| cRi ev gvwwgwWqv
bv _vKj PvUi gvag `Lvbv hvq| ivj-c cwZZI kLvbv hvq|
wekl wkv_x`iK kwYKi evBi wbq eve NUbv cZfve `wLq wkv
jvf mnvqZv Kiv hvq| hgb- f~wgqi KviYjv cZ `Lvbv hvq| me nj
HwZnvwmK vb wbq wewfb wb`kb `wLq I eYbv Ki aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv
hvq| hgb- Kzwgjvi KvUevwo kvjeb wenvi cwi`kb wbq ZrKvjxb emfZv
mK RvbZ mvnvh Kiv|
c`kb cwZZ wkv_x`i Abymwrmv ew cvq| mnR mwVK aviYv jvf KiZ
cvi| wkLb AcvKZ `xNvqx nq| c`kb cwZZ j ivLZ ne hb me
wkv_x `LZ cvq|
14
 12. Abymvbg~jK KvRi aib
Abymvbg~jK KvR g~jZ KgKw`K cwZ| wWDBi mwqZv Zi wfwZ
cwiPvwjZ G cwZZ wkv_xiv GKKfve ev `jMZfve wbR`i cPvq
wbqgZvwK cwZZ wkv jvf Ki _vK| G cwZZ wkv_x Kvb welq ev NUbv
ev mgmvi KviY, djvdj, cwZwqv BZvw` D`NvUb Ki| bw_c chvjvPbv,
cwi`kb, cheY, mvvrKvi MnY bvbvfve Abymvb KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq|
D`vniY-
hyemgvRi AvKvk mswZi cwZ ceYZv ewi KviY I djvdj
wk Aj evqy `~lYi KviY I djvdj
Lv` Drcv`b AwZgvvq ivmvqwbK KxUbvkK `e eenvii cwZwqv
12.1. Abymvbg~jK cwZZ wkLb cwqv
cZKwU Abymvbi Rb GKwU welq ev mgmv wbevPb KiZ nq| G cwZZ
hveZxq Kvhg cavbZ cuvPwU chvq cwiPvwjZ nq| chvqjv nQ-
K. mgmv/Dk wbaviY
L. cwiKbv cYqb
M. Z_ msMn
N. Z_ weklY
O. cwZe`b cYqb
me c_g Kvhgi mgmv wPwZ Kiv ev Dk wbaviY KiZ nq| wZxq chvq
mgM Kvhgi Rb cwiKbv cYqb KiZ nq| Dk ARbi Rb Kx Kx KiZ
ne, KvbwU wKfve Kx w`q KLb KiZ ne-G meB cwiKbvq _vK| Z_ msMn
Abymvbg~jK KvRi GKwU iZc~Y i| cvBgvwi ev mKvwi Drm nZ Z_
msMn KiZ ne| PZy_ chvq Z_ weklY I djvdj cYqb KiZ ne| mekl
wkv_x m~Y Abymvbg~jK KvRi Dci GKwU cwZe`b cYqb Kie|
12.2. wkLb- kLvbv Kvhg mK KqKwU K_v
wkLb-kLvbv cwZ I Kkj AbK aibi| Gi KqKwU wkKKw`K Ges
KqKwU wkv_xKw`K| wkLb-kLvbv cwqvq wkv_xi mwq AskMnY wkvjvf
mnvqK| me cwZiB Kgewk myweav I Amyweav AvQ| Ggb Kvb cwZ ev Kkj
bB hwU mKj wkv_xi Rb mgfve DchvMx ev me aibi welqei Rb
DchvMx| wkKi wewfb cwZ I Kkji Dci `Zv Ges kwY I cvV DchvMx
cwZ I Kkji h_vh_ cqvMi Dci wbfi Ki wkv_xi wkLb mvdj| Ggb
RvZxq wkvg 2012
Kvb evaevaKZv bB h GKwU cvV cwiPvjbvq wkKK GKwU cwZi Dci wbfi
KiZ ne| cvVK djcm~ Kivi Rb wkK cwiwwZ Abymvi GKvwaK cwZ I
Kkji mswgkY wbRi gZv Ki cvV cwiPvjbv KiZ cvib| cvVi mvdj wbfi
Ki wkKi wePYZv Ges welqvb I wkLb cwZi h_vh_ cqvMi Dci| GRb
ejv nq wkKB mevrK cwZ| wkv_xKw`K wkLb-kLvbv cwZ ewea| GLvb
gv KqKwU wkv_xmwq cwZ msc Dcvcb Kiv njv| Ze wkKi AwaK
msLK cwZ I Kkji Dci `Zv _vKv cqvRb| Zvnj wZwb h h
cwZ DchvwMZv cqvM KiZ cvib| cqvRb GKvwaK cwZi mswgkY wbRi
gZv Ki cvV cwiPvjbv KiZ cvib| cvV cwiPvjbvi mgq wkK hw` eySZ
cvib h cqvMKZ cwZ wkv_x`i wkLb djcm~ nQ bv ZLb wZwb cwZ
cwieZb KiZ cvib| ZvB wkK`i e cwZi Dci `Zv _vKv AvekK|
13. wkv_xi g~jvqb
mvaviY A_ wkv_xi g~jvqb njv wkv Kvhg _K wkv_xi ARbi gvv wbYq
Kiv| A_vr wkvg DjwLZ c~e wbavwiZ wkLbdj wkv_x KZUv ARb KiQ Zv
wbicYB wkv_xi g~jvqb| hw`I g~jvqb K_vwUi wewZ AbK evcK| Avgiv
wewfb mgq bvbvfve wkv_xi g~jvqb Ki _vwK| g~jvqbi mgq I aib weePbvq
wkv_xi g~jvqb cavbZ `yB avivi: (K) MVbKvjxb ev avivevwnK g~jvqb Ges (L)
mvgwK g~jvqb| Avgiv cvV PjvKvjxb ev wbw` cvVvsk _K wkv_xi ARb
g~jvqb Ki _vwK| G g~jvqb avivevwnK ev MVbKvjxb g~jvqb| Avevi Avgiv wbw`
mgq kl ev Kvhg kl mvgwqK cixv, evwlK cixv, GmGmwm cixv BZvw`
cixvi gvag g~jvqb Ki _vwK| G aibi g~jvqb nj mvgwK g~jvqb|
avivevwnK I mvgwK Dfq avivi g~jvqbiB cqvRb AvQ| Ze avivevwnK
g~jvqbi iZ AbK ewk| KviY-
avivevwnK g~jvqbi gvag wkv_xi wPwZ wkLb `yejZv ZvrwYK wb`kbv
c`vbi viv wbivgqg~jK eev bIqv hvq|
wkv_xi nvZ-Kjg eenvwiK KvR Kivi cwqv cheYi gvag g~jvqb Ki
wb`kbv `Iqv hvq|
wkv_xi wekl wKQz `Zv, hgb- kvbv, ejv, cov BZvw` Kg mgq, Kg
LiP I mnR cwigvc Ki avc avc wb`kbv `Iqv I wbivgqg~jK eev
bIqv hvq| mvgwK g~jvqbi gvag AbK Gme ewki g~jvqb Kiv
me nq bv|
15
 wkv_xi AveMxq w`Kmg~n wekl Ki ewK I mvgvwRK AvPiY Ges g~jeva
cZ cheYi gvag g~jvqb Ki wb`kbv `Iqv hvq|
G g~jvqbi gvag wkK Zuvi eeZ wkLb kLvbv cwZ I Kkji
h_v_Zv I djcm~Zv wbaviY Ki ev `yejZv wPwZ Ki cqvRbxq cwieZb
AvbZ cvib|
14. avivevwnK g~jvqb
evsjv`k 6 _K 10g kwY ch wbwjwLZ `yBwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
Kvhg Pje|
1. welqwfwK eywexq I gbvcwkR i avivevwnK g~jvqb
2. AveMxq i avivevwnK g~jvqb
14.1. welqwfwK eywexq I gbvcwkR i avivevwnK g~jvqb
welq wkK welqwfwK eywexq I gbvcwkR i avivevwnK g~jvqb
Kieb
cwZwU welq avivevwnK g~jvqbi Rb eivKZ b^i 20%
cwZwU welq avivevwnK g~jvqbi I b^i eb :
b^i
(K) kwYi KvR 10
(L) evwoi KvR I Abymvbg~jK KvR 05
(M) kwY Afxv 05
gvU 20
cwZ welq wkK KZK ^ ^ welq cwZ wkv_xK 20% b^ii wfwZ avivevwnK
g~jvqb Ki wbavwiZ QK g~jvqb iKW msiY Kiv ne|
14.1.1. kwYi KvR
wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg PjvKvjxb wkv_x KZK mvw`Z hveZxq KvR kwYi
KvR wnmve weewPZ| welqf` kwYi KvRi aib ZviZg _vKZ cvi|
AwaKvsk B cki Di ejv ev jLv, AuvKv (wP/Qwe, mviwY, gvbwP,
jLwP), AvjvPbv I weZK AskMnY, Pwi-Awfbq, eenvwiK KvR-G aibi
me wKQzB kwYi KvR| evsjv I BsiwR welq kvbv, ejv, cov, jLv BZvw`
kwYi KvR wnmve weewPZ ne|
cwZwU welqi Rb cwZ mvgwqK wZbwU kwYi KvRi g~jvqb iKW msiY Kiv
ne| hme welq eenvwiK KvR AvQ (hgb- wevb, c`v_wevb, imvqb,
RvZxq wkvg 2012
Rxewevb, Kwlwkv, Mvn, kvixwiK wkv, Kg I RxebgyLx wkv BZvw`) Hme
welq GKwU eenvwiK KvR I `ywU kwYi KvRi iKW ivLv ne|
welq wkK KZK wbqwgZfve cZK wkv_xK wbwjwLZ gvb`wfwK g~jvqb
Kiv ne Ges cwZ `yB gvm GKevi Ki cwZ mvgwqK (Qq gvm) 3 evi g~jvqb
iKW msiY Kiv ne|
14.1.2. evwoi KvR
wkv_x evwoZ wkvgwfwK h KvRjv mb Ki ZvB evwoi KvR |
evwoi KvR wkv_x GKKfve mb Kie GUvB cZvwkZ| wkK wbwZ
neb h wkv_x GKvB KvRwU mb KiQ| evwoi KvRi gvag wkv_xi
wPb `Zv Ges ewK AvPiY I g~jeva g~jvqb Kiv ne| evwoi KvR
g~jvqb Ki wkK wkv_x`iK cqvRbxq wkLb mnvqZv w`eb|
wkvgi wkLbdji Pvwn`vi Dci wfw Ki wkK evwoi KvR w`eb|
j ivLZ ne evwoi KvR hb wkv_xK gyL Kivq DrmvwnZ bv Ki|
evwoi KvR Ggb nZ ne hb wkv_xi wPb `Zv weKvk Ges
mRbkxjZv cKvki myhvM _vK|
kwYK AwRZ aviYvmg~n wPv I KvR cqvM Kivi myhvM hb evwoi
KvR _vK| evwoi KvR hb wkv_xK mRbkxj cki cwZZ mvnvh Ki
mw`K iZ w`Z ne| wkvg gvwU wkLb kLvbv Kvhg Kjvg
.
c` evwoi KvR bgybv wnmve AbymiY Kiv hZ cvi|
cwZwU welqi evwoi KvRjv Ggb ne hv wkv_x 20-25 wgwbUi ga
mv`b KiZ cvi| wkK cwZ mvgwqK kwYZ AbKjv evwoi KvR
w`eb| Ze iKW msiYi Rb l _K Ag kwYZ wevb, evsjv`k
I wekcwiPq, Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Kg I RxebgyLx wkv Ges Kvwiqvi
wkv welq cwZ mvgwqK `ywU evwoi KvRi g~jvqb I iKW msiY Kiv
ne| l _K Ag kwYi Abvb welqi Rb 3wU evwoi KvRi g~jvqb I
iKW msiY Kiv ne| beg I `kg kwYZ HwQK welq Qvov mKj welq
cwZ mvgwqK `ywU evwoi KvRi g~jvqb I iKW msiY Kiv ne| iKW
msiYi Rb mevP b^i cv evwoi KvRjvK weePbv KiZ ne|
wkK h Kvb b^ii evwoi KvR w`Z cvib| Ze GZ cv b^iK 5 Gi
ga cv b^i icvi Ki iKW msiY KiZ ne| icvii ci fMvsk
b^i nj fMvsk b^i wnmve msiY KiZ ne|
16
14.1.3. Abymvbg~jK KvR
Abymvbg~jK KvRi gvag wkv_xi mgmv mgvavb `Zv Ges wPb `Zv
hvPvB Kiv ne| Abymvbg~jK KvRi Rb KqK Nv _K KqK w`bi
cqvRb nZ cvi| wkK welqwU wbaviY Ki `eb|
wbavwiZ avc AbymiY Ki Abymvbg~jK KvR mb KiZ ne| l _K Ag
kwY ch mgmv wPwZ Kiv, cwiKbv cYqb I Z_ msMni cheY Uzjm
/wmwWDj /ckgvjv cYqb wkK Ki w`eb| Z_ msMn Abymvb KvRi GKwU
gwjK ewk hv wkv_x wbRiv mb Kie| Z_ msMn hZ`~i me wkv_xi
cwievi, cwZekx Ges wbKU GjvKvq mxgve ivLZ ne| Z_ msMn wkv_xi
wbivcvi welqwU weePbvq ivLZ ne| Z_ msMn wkv_x hb weeZKi Aevq
bv co wkK Zv wbwZ Kieb| wevb welqmg~ni Rb Z_msMn MelYvMvi
cixYi gvag nZ cvi| Abymvbg~jK KvR ii mgM cwqv wKfve mb
KiZ ne wkK Zv eywSq w`eb|
cvBgvwi I mKvwi Drm nZ Z_ msMn Kiv hve| wkv_x Z_ weklYi
gvag djvdj cYqb Ges djvdji Dci gZvgZ w`e| mgM Kvhgi Dci
GKwU cwZe`b iPbv KiZ ne| cwZe`b mb KvRi eYbv _vKe|
cwZe`b cYqbi wb`kbv wkK w`eb| Abymvbg~jK KvR wkv_xiv
`jMZfve mb Kie| Ze Z_ weklY, djvdj cYqb, djvdji Dci
gZvgZ c`vb Ges wicvU cYqb wkv_x GKKfve mb Kie| G KvRi
g~jvqb ne GKK g~jvqb| beg I `kg kwYZ wkv_xiv wkKi b~bZg
mvnvh wbq Abymvbg~jK KvR mb Kie| wkK h Kvb b^ii Rb
Abymvbg~jK KvR w`Z cvib| Ze GZ cv b^iK 5 Gi ga cv b^i
icvi Ki iKW msiY KiZ ne| icvii ci fMvsk b^i nj fMvsk
b^i wnmve msiY KiZ ne|
14.1.4. kwY Afxv
cwZwU Aavq kl kwY Afxv bIqv ne| Ze AwaK b^icv Afxvi b^i
iKW ivLv ne| kwY Afxvi Dic wkv_xK `Lvevi ci diZ wbq
msiY Kiv ne| hme welq eenvwiK KvR AvQ Hme welq `ywU eenvwiK I
GKwU wjwLZ Afxvi iKW msiY Kiv ne| Abvb welq wZbwU wjwLZ
RvZxq wkvg 2012
Afxvi iKW ivLv ne| eenvwiK KvRi g~jvqbi gvb` kwYZ mvw`Z
eenvwiK KvRi Abyic ne| kwY Afxv wjwLZ ev eenvwiK ne| cwZwU kwY
Afxv ^ mgq bIqv ne| welqi Rb wbavwiZ Kvm wcwiqW bIqv ne|
wbavwiZ GK Kvm wcwiqWi AwZwi mgq bIqv hve bv| kwY Afxvi w`b
kwYi Abvb wcwiqWi ^vfvweK KvRKg h_vixwZ Pje|
15. AveMxq : g~jevai avivevwnK g~jvqb
wkvg wkv_xi ewK Dbqbi Dci iZ Avivc Kiv nqQ| GKRb
wkv_x ay gavex njB ne bv ZvK fvjv gvbylI nZ ne| fvjv gvbyli
Yvewj ARb KiZ ne| GKRb wkv_x fvjv gvbyl wKbv Zv RvbZ nj Zvi
AvPiY I `wfw g~jvqb KiZ ne| avivevwnK g~jvqbi gvag wkv_xi
ewK AvPiY I mvgvwRK g~jeva g~jvqb Kiv ne| we`vjq wkv_x`i
AvPiY I mvgvwRK g~jeva Kvbv GKwU NUbv ev Bmy w`q ZvrwYKfve
g~jvqb Kiv hvq bv| we`vjq wkv_x kwYi KvRi cvkvcvwk cwZwbqZ e
KgKv AskMnY Kie| Gjv njv `wbK mgvek, Ljvayjv I xov,
mvswZK Kvhg, wkv mdi I cwi`kb, RvZxq w`em D`hvcb, agxq Abyvb,
wevb gjv, MwYZ AwjwqvW, eqR vDUm, MvjmMvBW, weGbwmwm Ges
cwiek msiYi Kvhg BZvw`| wkv_x`i wewfb KgKvi ga w`q `xN
cheYi gvag Zv`i AvPiY I g~jeva mK GKwU wbfihvM g~jvqb
Avmv hvq| wkvg AveMxq i wkLbdj g~jvqbi AvIZvq Avbv nqQ|
G h Yvewj I g~jeva cwigvci AvIZvq Avbv nqQ mjv nj-
wbqgvbyewZZv, `kcg, bZZ, mZZv, kLjv, mnhvwMZv, mwq AskMnY,
mwnzZv, mPZbv I mgqvbyewZZv|
kwY wkK Abvb welq wkKi mv_ civgk Ki AveMxq i g~jvqb
Kieb I iKW msiY Kieb|
16. mvgwqK cixv I cvewjK cixv
RvZxq wkvg 2012 Gi wb`kbv Abymvi we`vjqi wkv el Qq gvmevcx
`ywU mvgwqK fvM Kiv ne| cwZ Qq gvm GK mvgwqK wnmve cwZ wkv eQi
`ywU mvgvwqK cixv AbywZ ne| cwZ mvgwqK cixv kl avivevwnK g~jvqb
cv b^iK GKwZ Ki `ywU mvgwqK cixvq cv b^i Ges avivevwnK
g~jvqb cv b^ii mg^q cwZ wkv_xi cieZx DPZi kwY ev Kvhg
DbxZ Kivi welq weePbv Kiv ne|
17
 mvgwqK Ges cvewjK cixvi ckc cYqb Ges Dic g~jvqb mRbkxj
ckcwZi wb`kbv Abymvi msMwVZ ne| wkv eli iZ welq wkK cavb
wkKi mv_ civgk Ki wkvg c` Aavqmg~nK `ywU mvgwqKi Rb
eb Kieb| we`vjqi Kvhw`emi cwigvYi Dci wfw Ki Aavqmg~nK
mvgwqK eb KiZ ne| c_g mvgwqK g~jvqbKZ Aavqmg~nK wZxq
mvgwqK g~jvqbi Rb eenvi Kiv hve bv| Ze Ag I `kg kwYi cvewjK
cixvi (JSC, SSC) Rb GB wb`kbv chvR bq| welq wkK m Abymvi cvV
Kvhg cwiPvjbv Kieb| mvgwqK kl Abyq cixv wkvg welq Ges
ci Rb eivKZ c~Y b^i ne| wkvg iciLvi welqKvVvgvq welqi
c~Yb^i `Iqv AvQ|
mRbkxj ckcwZi ckc `y&B aibi ck _vKe| GKwU nQ ewbevPwb ck
Ges AciwU nQ mRbkxj ck| ewbevPwb ckc wZb aibi ewbevPwb ck
_vKe| Gjv nQ mvaviY ewbevPwb ck, ec`x mgvwm~PK ewbevPwb ck
Ges Awfb Z_wfwK ewbevPwb ck| ewbevPwb ckc wPb `Zvi Pviii
ck AvbycvwZKnvi _vKe (vb i 40%, Abyaveb i 30%, cqvM i 20%
Ges DPZi `Zv 10%)| mKj AavqK cixvi AvIZvfz KiZ ne|
ckc cYqbi c~e wb`kK QK Zwi KiZ ne| cwZwU mRbkxj ck GKwU
DxcK _vKe Ges DxcKi mv_ 4wU ck _vKe| ck 4wU w`q wPb `Zvi
PviwU i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM Ges DPZi `Zv) hvPvB Kiv ne| b^i c`vb
wb`wkKv AbymiY Ki Dic g~jvqb KiZ ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 18

1. RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU 2. cdkbvj KwgwU
g bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we g bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we
1. W. Kvgvj Ave`yj bvmi Payix, mwPe, wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mfvcwZ 1. cdmi gvt gvdv KvgvjDwb, Pqvigvb, RvZxq wkvg I mfvcwZ
mwPevjq,XvKv| cvVcyK evW, XvKv
2. DcvPvh, RvZxq wekwe`vjq, MvRxcyi| m`m 2. gnvcwiPvjK, gvawgK I DP wkv Awa`i, XvKv| m`m
3. W. KvRx LjxKzvgvb Avng`, Pqvigvb, evsjv`k Dbqb cwil` I m`m 3. gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wkv eevcbv GKvWgx, avbgw, XvKv| m`m
mfvcwZ, evsjv`k A_bxwZ mwgwZ
4. cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq,XvKv| m`m
4. hyM-mwPe (gvawgK), wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv m`m
5. gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv GKvWgx, XvKv| m`m
5. gnvcwiPvjK, gvawgK I DPwkv Awa`i, XvKv m`m
6. gnvcwiPvjK, BmjvwgK dvDkb, XvKv| m`m
6. gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wkv eevcbv GKvWgx, avbgw, XvKv m`m
7. Rbve gbRyij Avnmvb eyjeyj, cavb mv`K, ekvLx m`m
7. gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkv Awa`i, AvMviMuvI, XvKv m`m Uwjwfwkb wjwgUW, XvKv|
8. cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv m`m 8. cK cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DP wkv Awa`i, m`m
9. cdmi gvt gvdv KvgvjDwb, Pqvigvb, RvZxq wkvg I m`m wkv feb, XvKv|
cvVcyK evW, XvKv 9. Pqvigvb, gvawgK I DP gvawgK wkv evW, XvKv I m`m
10. Pqvigvb, gvawgK I DPgvawgK wkvevW , XvKv m`m mfvcwZ, evsjv`k Avt evW mg^q mve KwgwU
11. Pqvigvb, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkv evW, XvKv m`m 10. Pqvigvb, evsjv`k gv`&ivmv wkv evW, XvKv| m`m
12. Pqvigvb, evsjv`k gv`&ivmv wkv evW, XvKv m`m 11. Pqvigvb, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkv evW, XvKv| m`m
13. m`m (wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv m`m 12. AavcK Avyjvn Avey mvqx`, cwiPvjK, wekmvwnZ K`, XvKv| m`m
14. cdmi W. gynv` Rvdi BKevj, wefvMxq cavb, KwDUvi mvq m`m 13. W. gvt wQwKzi ingvb, civgkK, GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DPwkv m`m
G Bwwbqvwis wefvM, kvnRvjvj wevb I chyw wekwe`vjq, wmjU Awa`i, XvKv
15. W. gvt wQwKzi ingvb, cvb AavcK I cwiPvjK, wkv I m`m AavcK Kwdj Dxb Avng`, civgkK, cv_wgK wkvg DBs, m`m
14.
MelYv BbwwUDU, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv| GbwmwUwe, XvKv
16. AavcK W. gvt AvLZvivgvb, Bmjvgi BwZnvm wefvM, XvKv m`m cdmi gynv` Avjx, cvb m`m, wkvg, GbwmwUwe,XvKv| m`m
15.
wekwe`vjq, XvKv (evmv-mK- gwfm 8g Zjv (cwg), 6/9, eK-wm, jvjgvwUqv,
17. AavcK kvnxb gvn&eyev Kexi, BsiwR wefvM, RvnvxibMi m`m XvKv-1207|
wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv Wxb, Pviy I KviyKjv Abyl`, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv m`m
16.
18. m`m (cv_wgK wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv m`m
17. cdmi mvjgv AvLZvi, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv m`m
19. m`m (cvVcyK), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv m`m
18. Aa, wkK cwkY KjR, XvKv m`m
20. cK cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc,gvawgK I DP wkv Awa`i, wkv m`m
19. m`m (wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv m`m
feb, XvKv
21. Dc mwPe (gvawgK), wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv m`m 20. cavb wkK, MebgU jveiUwi nvB zj, avbgw, XvKv m`m
21. Rbve gvkZvK Avng` f~uBqv, weZiY wbqK, GbwmwUwe, XvKv m`m-mwPe
RvZxq wkvg 2012 19
 3. UKwbKvj KwgwU 4. fwUs KwgwU
g bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we g bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we
1. cdmi gvt Ave`yyj Revi AvnevqK 1. evsjv 1. AavcK Ave`yjvn Avey mvqx`, cwiPvjK, wek mvwnZ K`,
cvb cwiPvjK, bvqg, XvKv| XvKv
(evwo bs-7, moK bs-11, mi bs-4, Div gWj UvDb, XvKv-1230) 2. cdmi b~iRvnvb eMg, Aa, miKvwi wevb KjR, XvKv
2. AavcK W. Avey nvwg` jwZd m`m 2. BsiwR 1. cdmi Ave`ym myenvb, cvb gnvcwiPvjK, cv_wgK wkv
mycvi wbDgvwi AavcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv Awa`i, XvKv
3. cdmi Ave`ym myenvb m`m (wm-8, evmv bs-52, ivW bs-6/G, avbgw AvevwmK GjvKv,
XvKv)
cvb gnvcwiPvjK, cv_wgK wkv Awa`i
(wm-8, evmv bs-52, ivW bs-6/G, avbgw AvevwmK GjvKv, 2. cdmi gvt kvgmyj nK, cvb Wxb, evsjv`k Dby
XvKv|) wekwe`vjq, MvRxcyi (evmv bs-25, GvcvUgU-we-5, ivW
bs 68G, jkvb-2, XvKv-1212)
4. AavcK W. Mvjvg imyj wgqv m`m
3. MwYZ 1. cdmi W. gvt Avyj gwZb, MwYZ wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv
cvb Aa, wUPvm Uwbs KjR, XvKv
2. cdmi W. gvt Avym Qvgv`, MwYZ wefvM, XvKv
(evmv bs-47, ivW bs-02, mi-09, Div gWj UvDb, XvKv- wekwe`vjq, XvKv
1230|)
4. wevb 1. cdmi W. gvt AvwRRyi ingvb, c`v_wevb wefvM, XvKv
5. W. gvt wQwKzi ingvb m`m wekwe`vjq, XvKv
civgkK 2. Rbve gvnv` b~i Avjg wmwKx, mnhvMx AavcK,
GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DPwkv Awa`i, wkv feb, XvKv AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv
6. cdmi W. gvt bvRgyj Kwei Payix m`m 5. evsjv`k I 1. cdmi W. nvib Di iwk`, ivwevb wefvM, XvKv
eevcbv wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv wekcwiPq wekwe`vjq, XvKv
7. W. Avyj gvjK m`m 2. W. mq` nvwdRyi ingvb, mnhvMx AavcK, cwiek wevb
AavcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv wefvM, RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv
8. Rbve gvnv` RvwKi nvmb m`m 6. Z_ I 1. cdmi W. gynv` Rvdi BKevj, KwDUvi mvq G
wkvg wekl hvMvhvM Bwwbqvwis wefvM, kvn&Rvjvj wevb I chyw wekwe`vjq,
GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv| chyw wmjU
9. Rbve kvnxbviv eMg m`m 2. Rbve gvt mwdDj Avjg Lvb, mnKvix AavcK, Z_ chyw
BwUwUDU, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv
wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv
7. cwiek 1. cdmi W. G Gm Gg gvKmy` Kvgvj, f~Z wefvM, XvKv
10. Rbve gvt gvLjm Di ingvb m`m
cwiwPwZ wekwe`vjq, XvKv
wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv
2. cdmi W. gvt LexiDxb, cwiek wevb wefvM,
11. Rbve gvt dinv`yj Bmjvg m`m-mwPe RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv
EaZb wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv
RvZxq wkvg 2012 20
5. wkvg Dbqb KwgwU

welq : evsjv`k I wekcwiPq kwY: l-Ag welq : evsjv`k I wekcwiPq kwY: beg-`kg
g bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we g bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we
1 cdmi ggZvRDxb cvUvqvix AvnevqK cdmi ggZvRDxb cvUvqvix AvnevqK
1
evsjv`k Dby wekwe`vjq, MvRxcyi| evsjv`k Dby wekwe`vjq, MvRxcyi|
2 W. Lv`Kvi gvKvg nvmb m`m Rbve nvgvqiv wekvm m`m
2
mgvRwevb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv| cfvlK, icbMi gWj zj G KjR, wgicyi, XvKv|
3 W. Avey gvnv` `jvqvi nvmb m`m Rbve kvgxgv AvLZvi m`m
3
BwZnvm wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv| KvwiKzjvg wekl, GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
4 W. G. K. Gg. kvnbIqvR m`m Rbve kvnxbviv eMg m`m
4
cZZ wefvM, RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv| wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
5 W. mwjbv AvLZvi m`m W. Dg Kzgvi `vk mg^qKvix
5
zj Ae GWzKkb, evsjv`k Dby wekwe`vjq, MvRxcyi| KvwiKzjvg wekl, GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
6 Rbve dvn&wg`v nK m`m
mnKvix AavcK, zj Ae GWzKkb
evsjv`k Dby wekwe`vjq, MvRxcyi|
7 mq`v mxZv Bgvg m`m
mnKvix wkK, wfKvibwbmv b~b zj G KjR, XvKv|
8 Rbve gvt Avbvqviyj nK m`m
wekl, RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
9 W. Dg Kzgvi `vk mg^qKvix
KvwiKzjvg wekl, GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 21

welq : evsjv`ki BwZnvm Ges wekmfZv kwY: beg-`kg welq : f~Mvj I cwiek kwY beg-`kg
g bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we g bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we
1 W. mq` Avbvqvi nvmb AvnevqK cdmi W. bvmwib Avng` AvnevqK
1
AavcK, BwZnvm wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv| f~Mvj I cwiek wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq , XvKv|
2 cdmi gvnv` mwjg m`m W. kL gvt iRvDj Kwig m`m
2
Pqvigvb, BwZnvm wefvM, RMbv_ wekwe`vjq, XvKv| mnhvMx AavcK, wkK cwkY KjR, XvKv|
3 W. myjZvbv wbMvi Payix m`m Rbve mwjbv kvnRvnvb m`m
3
AavcK (Ae:), BwZnvm wefvM, XvKv KjR, XvKv| Aa, BDwbfvwmwU jveiUwi zj G KjR, XvKv|
239/2 f~uBqv cvov ivW, wmcvnxevM, XvKv-1219| Rbve mvBdzi ingvb m`m
4
4 cdmi c`yZ Kzgvi fwgK m`m mnKvix AavcK, miKvwi mvnivIqv`x KjR, XvKv|
Aa (Aet) , gqgbwmsn gwnjv wkK cwkY KjR Rbve RyjLv kvnxb m`m
5
evmv bs 195/2-wR(2q Zjv), kvwevM, XvKv| cvb cfvlK, ivRDK Div gWj KjR, XvKv|
5 Rbve gvt kwdKzj Bmjvg m`m evmv b^i, GdG 1, cavb moK, KjvYcyi, XvKv|
cfvlK, XvKv wkvevW jve. zj G KjR, wgicyi, XvKv| Rbve Aveyj AvRnvi gy. QvbvDjvn mg^qKvix
6
6 mq` gvndzR Avjx m`m KvwiKzjvg wekl, GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
EaZb wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
7 Rbve gvt byiyvgvb Lvb mg^qKvix
KvwiKzjvg wekl, GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 22

welq : cibxwZ Ges bvMwiKZv kwY : beg-`kg welq : A_bxwZ kwY : beg-`kg
g bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we g bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we
1 cdmi W. nviyb-Ai-iwk` AvnevqK 1 cdmi W. gyn` BmgvBj nvmb AvnevqK
ivwevb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv| A_bxwZ wefvM, RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|
2 W. mvwei Avng`, m`m 2 cdmi W. Avwgi nvmb m`m
AavcK, ivwevb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv| A_bxwZ wefvM, RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|
3 Rbve gvt iwdKzj Bmjvg m`m 3 cdmi bymivZ ingvb m`m
mnKvix AavcK, XvKv iwmWwqvj gWj KjR, XvKv| cvb wefvMxq cavb, A_bxwZ wefvM
4 Rbve gni wbMvi m`m ivRkvnx miKvwi KjR, ivRkvnx|
mv`K, GbwmwUwe, XvKv| 4 Rbve gvt dLij Bmjvg m`m
5 Rbve cvifR Avvi m`m cfvlK , ivRDK Div gWj KjR, XvKv|
wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv| 5 Rbve w`jiev Avng` m`m
6 Rbve gvt wMqvm Dxb mg^qKvix MelYv KgKZv, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
KvwiKzjvg wekl, GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv| 6 Rbve gvt kvnRvnvb mg^qKvix
KvwiKzjvg wekl, GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 23

welq : z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ kwY: l-`kg 6. mvweK mg^q KwgwU
g bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we g bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we
1 W. gvnv` Avnmvb Avjx AvnevqK 1. Rbve gvnv` RvwKi nvmb mvweK mg^qKvix
AavcK, bwevb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv| KvwiKzjvg wekl I GmBGmwWwc dvKvj cqU
W. mif wmK`vi m`m KvwiKzjvg WfjcgU BDwbU
2
AavcK, fvlv wevb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv| RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
2. Rbve gvkZvK Avng` fu~Bqv mvweK mg^qKvix
3 Rbve nvmvb Avj kvdx m`m
weZiY wbqK
mnhvMx AavcK, bwevb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv| RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
4 Rbve gvt Avwidzj nK Kwei m`m
mnKvix AavcK, AvB.B.Avi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
5 Rbve ^vMZg PvKgv m`m
KbmvjUvU, BDGbwWwc
858/3 KvRxcvov, XvKv|
6 Rbve kvnxbviv eMg m`m
wekl, RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
7 Rbve gvt kvnRvnvb mg^qKvix
KvwiKzjvg wekl, GmBGmwWwc,GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 24

 wkvg
evsjv`k I wekcwiPq
l-Ag kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 25

1. f~wgKv

evsjv`k I wekcwiPq welqwU l _K Ag kwYi mvaviY, gv`&ivmv I BsiwR gvag wkvavivi wkv_x`i Rb AvewkK cvV welq| G welqmswk wkvg G`ki
mgvR Rxeb, `k I RvwZi BwZnvm-HwZn, Av_-mvgvwRK, ivRbwZK Aev, mvswZK Rxeb, fMvwjK cwiekmn AvRvwZK I AvwjK msvi mv_ G`ki mKMZ
Aevbi wkLbhvM vb, `Zv I `wfw ARbi cwZ AvjvKcvZ Kiv nqQ| GB wkLbhvM `Zv ARbi gvag wkv_x G`ki BwZnvm, HwZn I mswZ-jvwjZ
g~jevamb bvMwiK cwiYZ ne| cvkvcvwk wkv_x wbRK mPZb bvMwiK wnme Mo Zvjvi myhvM cve| GKB mv_ ewkK welqvejxi m Zzjbvg~jK AvjvPbvi
gvag wbRi Rvbvi RMZK AbK ewk mg KiZ cvie| GB wkvgi gvag wkv_x mvgvwRK I A_bwZK wmv MnYi hvMZvmn Rxeb`Zv ARb mg_ ne|

mgvRi m`m wnme wkv_xMY evsjv`k I weki bvbv welq vb I `Zv ARb Ki Zv wbRi, cwievii, mgvRi, RvwZi-mevcwi gvbeZvi Dbqb f~wgKv ivLe| GB
cvVi m~wPfy welqmg~n cwiek mPZbZv ARb Ges mvgvwRK I bv`wbK Yvewji Dbl NUvZ mvnvh Kie hv wkv_xK cwiewZZ cwiwwZ I wekvqbi cvcU KvhKi
f~wgKv cvjb mg Ki Zzje Ges Gi gvag wkv_xiv cwiek I cwZeki wewfb Dcv`vb mK mgw^Z aviYv jvf Kie| GKB m wkv_xiv GB aviYv msiY I
Dbqb KvhKi f~wgKv cvjb Dy ne| evsjv`k I wekcwiPq wkvg h vb, `Zv I `wfwi mg^q NUQ ZvZ AvZKgmsvbi wkv_x`i AvMnx Ki
Zvjvi gvag Rxebgvbi Dbqb I `vwi` wegvPb Ae`vb ivLZ Zv`i mg Ki Zzje| GB cvV eBqi wkvgwUi g~j j nQ cZqx bvMwiK MVb Ges wkv_x`i
KgRxeb cek I cieZx wkvi ceki wfw MVb wkv_x`i mnvqZv Kiv|

wkvg cvVcyK cYqbi Gi Dcvcb I webvmi cwZ wekl iZ Avivci K_v ejv nqQ| l _K Ag kwY ch cwZ avc wkv_xi eqm I aviY
gZvK weePbvq iL mnR mvejxj fvlv kjxZ Mi AvgR Dcvcb KiZ ne hvi dj welqe mnR mwbekb Kiv hvq Zvi wb`kbv jLK wb`wkKvq Dcvcb
Kiv nqQ| mbvZbx avivi msvq Zxq welq cqvMi gvag QKew` welq gyL Kivi RwUjZv _K wkv_xK gy iL wkv_x I KgKw`K cwZ I Kkj eenvii
gvag cvV welqe Dcvcbi K_v wkvg ewYZ iqQ| wkvg cYqb I cvVeB iPbvq c_g weePbv wQj cvVcyKi cwZ hb wkv_xi AvKlY mw nq Ges cvV
MnY hb Avb`i nq| wkvg iPbvq cPwjZ cv_wgK I gvawgK ii beg-`kg kwYi wkvgi mvgvwRK wevb welqi wkLbdji cwZ iZivci gvag mZzeb
(wewRs) Kiv nqQ| ZvQvov cPwjZ wkvgi l _K Ag kwYi mvgvwRK wevb welqi wkLbdj weePbvq iL evsjv`k I wekcwiPq welqi kwYwfwK wkvg
iPbvi cqvm bqv nqQ hvZ wkv_x`i cvVeBwU Aaqb Amyweav bv nq| G mvgvwRK wevb welq Afz BwZnvm, cibxwZ, f~Mvj, A_bxwZ, mgvR wevb cfwZ
welqi c_Kfve Dcvcbi aviv cwinvi Ki mgw^Zfve Dcvcbi GKwU cqvm bqv nqQ|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 26

2 Dk :
1. gvbe mgvRi weeZb aviv mK AewnZ nIqv|
2. evsjv`ki BwZnvm, HwZn I mswZi aviv mK AewnZ nIqv|
3. gnvb fvlv Av`vjb, MYAfyvb, gywhyi PZbv, mc`vqmg~ni ga mcxwZ, agwbic g~jeva Zwi, `kcg, RvZxqZveva, elgnxb mgvR I MYZvwK
PZbvq DxweZ nIqv|
4. mswZ I mvswZK cwieZb mK Rvbv Ges evsjv`ki mswZ I mvswZK HwZni mv_ cwiwPZ nIqv Ges Gme msiY Dy nIqv|
5. evsjv`ki mgvR KvVvgvZ eo IVvi ew I Mvxi Ici wewfb cwZvb I Dcv`vbi cfve mK AewnZ nIqv Ges mvgvwRKxKiYi gvag mvgvwRK
mK Dbqbi hvMZv ARb Kiv|
6. A_bwZK ewk, Kvhg I Dbqb mK vbvRbi j RvZxq I AvRvwZK cwZ Gi cviwiK cfve mK AewnZ nIqv|
7. evsjv`ki iv, bvMwiKZv ARbi cwZ Ges mybvMwiKi Yvewj mK AewnZ nIqv |
8. evsjv`ki miKvi I wbevPb eev mK AewnZ nIqv Ges mykvmbi iZ Dcjw Kiv|
9. Avtgnv`kxq fMvwjK Aev mK cv_wgK aviYv ARb Kiv|
10. evsjv`ki fMvwjK ewk I m` mK AewnZ nIqv|
11. `wkK I ewkK cvcU evsjv`ki RbwgwZK ewk mK AewnZ nIqv Ges evemZ bxwZ, cwiKbv I Kgm~wP MnYi gvag RbmsLvK Rbm` icvi
I Dbqb Kivi Dcvq mK AewnZ nIqv|
12. cvKwZK cwieki mv_ gvbyli cviwiK mKi cKwZ mK AewnZ nIqv|
13. cwieki Dci ewkK Dvqb I Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve mK AewnZ nIqv Ges Gi cfve cwZivai Rxeb`Zv ARb Kiv|
14. RvZxq cwZ wk, bvix, cexY ewi AwaKvi I Dbqbi iZ Dcjw Kiv|
15. evsjv`ki Av_-mvgvwRK cwZ D~Z mgmvi KviY I cfve gvKvejvi Dcvq mK AewnZ nIqv Ges ^Zt~Z AskMnY Dy nIqv|
16. AvwjK I AvRvwZK mnhvwMZvi iZ Dcjw Ges KqKwU AvwjK I AvRvwZK msvi f~wgKv mK AewnZ nIqv|
17. evsjv`ki cPwjZ AvBb I wewaweavb mK Rvbv Ges Gi cwZ kvkxj nIqv|
18. evsjv`ki wewfb b-RvwZMvxi Rxebaviv mK AewnZ nIqv Ges Zv`i cwZ vZZ I kveva Dy nIqv|
19. gvbweK, mvgvwRK, bwZK I MYZvwK g~jevai weKvk mvabi gvag my avivi mgvR I iv MVb Dy nIqv|
20. mvgvwRK I A_bwZK Z_vw` weklY I Dcvcb msLvZvwK Kkj cqvMi hvMZv ARb Kiv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 27

3. cvwK wkLbdj:
1. gvbe mgvR weeZbi wewfb ii eYbv Ges G weeZb cwqvq gvbyli Rxebhvvi cKwZ evLv KiZ cvie|
2. cvPxb hyM, gahyM I ewUk Avgj evsjvi fMvwjK, Av_-mvgvwRK, mvswZK I ivRbwZK BwZnvm Ges evsjvi gvbyli Drmi BwZnvm I eZgvb evsjv`ki mvgvwRK
Rxebaviv eYbv KiZ cvie|
3. evsjv`ki Afy`qi BwZnvmmswk NUbv eYbv KiZ cvie Ges exi gywhvv`i exiZi Kvwnbx wbq Meeva Kie I gywhyi PZbv `q jvjb KiZ cvie|
4. evsjv`ki mswZ I mvswZK cwieZb mK Rvbe Ges ewMZ mvgvwRK Rxebavivq wbR^ mswZK jvjb Kie|
5. evsjv`ki mvswZK HwZn eYbv KiZ cvie Ges Gjv msiY Dy ne I Meeva Kie|
6. evsjv`ki cZ I cZm` mK weeiY w`Z cvie Ges RbRxeb Gi iZ Abyaveb Ki `ki mvswZK HwZni cwZ kv cvlY Kie |
7. evsjv`ki mgvR KvVvgvZ ewi mvgvwRKxKiY cwqvq mgvRi wewfb cwZvb I Dcv`vbi cfve eYbv KiZ cvie Ges G cwqvi gvag wKfve cvwievwiK I
mvgvwRK mKi Dbqb NU Zv evLv KiZ cvie|
8. evsjv`ki gvbyli A_bwZK Rxebaviv, cavb A_bwZK ewk I A_bwZK Dbqb mK aviYv ARb KiZ cvie Ges RvZxq- AvRvwZK cwZ Gi cviwiK
cfve weklY KiZ cvie|
9. evsjv`ki iv, bvMwiKi aviYv, bvMwiKZv ARbi cwZ, bvMwiKi f~wgKv I mybvMwiKi Yvewj eYbv KiZ cvie Ges eve Rxeb Zv AbymiY KiZ Dy ne|
10. evsjv`ki iv, miKvi Ges wbevPb eev mK eYbv KiZ cvie Ges mykvmbi iZ evLv KiZ cvie|
11. Avtgnv`kxq fMvwjK Aev I Gi cwigj evsjv`ki Aevb mK aviYv jvf KiZ cvie|
12. `wkK I ewkK cvcU evsjv`ki RbwgwZK ewk mK aviYv jvf Kie Ges evemZ bxwZ cqvMi gvag RbmsLvK Rbm` icvi I Dbqbi Dcvq
wPwZ KiZ cvie|
13. cwieki mv_ gvbyli cviwiK mK eYbv KiZ cvie Ges Zv msiY I Dbqb Dy ne|
14. ewkK Dvqb I Rjevqy cwieZb mswk cvKwZK Ges mvgvwRK wechq, Gjvi KvhKviY mK I cfve weklY KiZ cvie Ges cwZiva I D~Z cwiwwZZ
AwfhvRbi `Zv ARb Kie|
15. RvZxq cwZ wk, bvix, cexY ewi AwaKvi mK mPZb ne Ges G`i Dbqb iZ mnKvi Ae`vb ivLZ cvie|
16. evsjv`ki Av_-mvgvwRK cwZ D~Z mgmvi cKwZ, KviY I cfve mK aviYv jvf Kie Ges Gi cwZiva Rxeb`Zv ARb Kie|
17. KqKwU AvwjK I AvRvwZK mnhvMx msvi MVb, Dk I Kvhg mK eYbv KiZ cvie Ges Gjvi mv_ evsjv`ki mswkZv g~jvqb KiZ cvie|
18. wekkvw cwZvq RvwZmNi f~wgKv eYbv KiZ cvie Ges RvwZmN evsjv`ki f~wgKv wbq Meeva Kie|
19. evsjv`ki cPwjZ AvBb I wewaweavb mK aviYv jvf KiZ cvie Ges eve Rxeb Gi cqvM Kie I Abykxjb Dy ne|
20. evsjv`k wewfb b-RvwZMvxi Rxebaviv mK eYbv KiZ cvie Ges G`i mvswZK ewk I ewPi cwZ kv cvlY Kie|
21. gvbweK, mvgvwRK, bwZK I MYZvwK g~jeva weKvk mvabi gvag my avivi mgvR I iv MVb Dy ne|
22. evsjv`ki mvgvwRK I A_bwZK welqmswk Z_ Dcvcb msLvZvwK Kkj cqvMi `Zv ARb Kie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 28
4. Aavq webvm I wcwiqW eb
Aavqi wkivbvg I wcwiqW
Aavq l wcwiqW mg wcwiqW Ag wcwiqW
c_g mgvRi K_v 8 evsjv`ki ^vaxbZv msMvg 11 evsjv`ki gywhy 18
wZxq evsjv I evsjvi gvbyl 14 evsjv`ki mvswZK ewP 8 JcwbewkK hyM I evsjvi ^vaxbZv msMvg 11
ZZxq cvPxb evsjvi Rxebaviv 8 cwievi wki eo IVv 6 evsjv`ki mvswZK cwieZb I Dbqb 6
PZz_ evsjv`ki mswZi cwiPq 7 evsjv`ki A_bxwZ 7 JcwbewkK hyMi cZ cwiPq 7
cg mgvR wki eo IVv 8 evsjv`k I evsjv`ki bvMwiK 6 mvgvwRKxKiY I Dbqb 7
l evsjv`ki A_bxwZ 8 evsjv`ki wbevPb eev 11 evsjv`ki A_bxwZ 8
mg evsjv`k I evsjv`ki bvMwiK 8 evsjv`ki Rjevqy 9 evsjv`ki iv I miKvieev 12
Ag wek fMvwjK cwigj evsjv`k 7 evsjv`ki RbmsLv cwiwPwZ 9 evsjv`k `yhvM 9
beg evsjv`ki RbmsLv cwiwPwZ 8 evsjv`k bvix AwaKvi 6 evsjv`ki RbmsLv I Dbqb 5
`kg evsjv`ki cwiekMZ mgmv 6 evsjv`k cexYewi AwaKvi 8 evsjv`ki mvgvwRK mgmv 4
GKv`k evsjv`k wk AwaKvi 11 evsjv`ki mvgvwRK mgmv 14 evsjv`ki z` RvwZmv 7
v`k wki eo IVvq cwZeKZv 7 AvRvwZK mnhvwMZv 11 evsjv`ki m` 7
qv`k AvwjK mnhvwMZv I mxwZ 6 evsjv`k I AvRvwZK Dbqb msv 5
gvU 106 106 106

RvZxq wkvg 2012 29

5. cvwK wkLbdji kwYwfwK wefvRb
l kwY mg kwY Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
1 2 3 4
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G i kl wkv_x..
mgvRi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie| 4.1. gvbe mgvR weeZbi wewfb
mgvR weKvki wewfb i hgb- wkKvi ii eYbv Ges G weeZb cwqvq
I Lv` msMnwfwK , D`vb Kwl, gvbyli Rxebhvvi cKwZ evLv
ccvjb, KwlwfwK Ges wkwfwK I KiZ cvie|
wkvi mgvRi Av_-mvgvwRK,
mvswZK Aev eYbv KiZ cvie|
mgvR Rxeb cvKwZK I fMvwjK
cwieki cfve eYbv KiZ cvie|
weeZbi ewkMZ w`K _K
evsjv`ki mgvRi cKwZ weklY
KiZ cvie|
Kwl mgvR I AvaywbK mgvRi Drcv`b
cwZi Zzjbv Ki wP Ab KiZ
cvie|
mgvR weKvk weeZbi iZ Dcjw
KiZ cvie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 30

 l kwY
1 2
G kwY kl wkv_x..
cvPxb evsjv`ki f~wg wKfve Mo DVQ
Ges evsjv`ki eZgvb fMvwjK Aev
Kgb Zv evLv KiZ cvie|
cvPxbKvji kyii w`K evsjvi ivRbwZK
Aevi eYbv KiZ cvie|
evOvwj wKfve c_g ivResk cwZv Kijv
Zvi eYbv KiZ cvie|
gahyM evsjvi ivRbwZK Aev mK
evLv KiZ cvie|
AvaywbK hyMi ivRbwZK Rxeb mK
eYbv KiZ cvie|
Kb evOvwjK gywhy Svwcq coZ
nqwQj Zv weklY KiZ cvie|
gyywhyi cv_wgK chvqi Aev eYbv
KiZ cvie|
gywhy evOvwj wKfve cwZiva Mo
ZzjwQj Zv eYbv KiZ cvie|
wewfb hyMce evsjv`k bvgi wewfb
icvi mK eYbv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`k bvgi GB f~LwUi mw wKfve
nqQ Zv eYbv KiZ cvie|
evsjvi Avw`evmx Kviv Zv evLv KiZ
cvie|
`wnK ewki w`K _K wKfve evOvwj
RvwZK Pbv hvq Zv evLv KiZ cvie|
cv_i hyMi gvbyl`i mK mvaviY
RvZxq wkvg 2012
mg kwY Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
3 4
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G kwY kl wkv_x.. G i kl wkv_x..
fvlv Av`vjbi KviY, NUbv I Zvrch 1970 Gi wbevPbvi RbMY Ges
4.2. cvPxb hyM, gahyM I ewUk
weklY KiZ cvie| ivRbwZK bZZi cwZwqv eYbv KiZ
cvie| Avgj evsjvi fMvwjK, Av_-
hydUi gvag evOvwji ARbi eYbv
KiZ cvie| 7 gvPi HwZnvwmK fvlYi g~jK_v Rvbe mvgvwRK, mvswZK I
c~e evsjvi ^vqkvmbi `vweZ 6 `dv I I Gi iZ I cwZwqv g~jvqb KiZ ivRbwZK BwZnvm Ges evsjvi
11 `dv Av`vjbi NUbv I iZ eYbv cvie| gvbyli Drmi BwZnvm I
25 gvP bviKxq nZvhi weeiY w`Z
KiZ cvie| eZgvb evsjv`ki mvgvwRK
cvie I Gi fqvenZv Dcjw Kie|
AvMiZjv loh gvgjvi eveZv evLv Rxebaviv eYbv KiZ cvie|
KiZ cvie| 26 gvPi ^vaxbZvi NvlYv DjL KiZ
Dbmii MYAfyvbi KviY, NUbv Ges cvie| 4.3. evsjv`ki Afy`qi
iZ evLv KiZ cvie| gywhyi cwZi weeiY w`Z cvie I BwZnvmmswk NUbv eYbv KiZ
mvaviY wbevPb evOvwji wbizk weRq Avqx miKvii MVb I f~wgKv eYbv KiZ cvie Ges exi gywhvv`i
mK eYbv KiZ cvie| cvie|
exiZi Kvwnbx wbq Meeva
c~e I cwg cvwKvbi ga wewfb gywevwnbxi MVb eYbv KiZ I Zv`i
Kie I gywhyi PZbv `q
h elg Kiv nqwQj Zv evLv KiZ f~wgKv g~jvqb KiZ cvie|
jvjb KiZ cvie|
cvie| mk gywhyi weivax kwi ZrciZv I
f~wgKv eYbv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki ^vaxbZv msMvgi m~Pbv gahyM gywhy evOvwji mnhvwMZvi ^ic eYbv
hfve nqwQj Zvi hvMm~ eYbv KiZ I g~jvqb KiZ cvie|
cvie| gywhy ewnweki f~wgKv g~jvqb KiZ
gahyM evsjvi myjZvb`i ^vaxbZv cvie|
msMvgi weeiY w`Z cvie| gywhy h_ evwnbxi f~wgKv weklY
evOvwji Amv`vwqK PZbv MVb gigx KiZ cvie|
mvaK`i f~wgKv weklY KiZ cvie| gywhyKvjxb cvKevwnbxi MYnZv I
AZvPvii weeiY w`Z cvie|
gvMj AvwacZev`i wei AvdMvb I cvwKvb evwnbxi AvZmgcYi NUbv ejZ
evif~uBqv`i cwZiva Av`vjb mK cvie|
eYbv KiZ cvie| gywhyi Zvrch weklY KiZ cvie|
31
 l kwY
1 2
aviYv eYbv KiZ cvie|
cv_i hyMi evsjv mK eYbv KiZ
cvie|
Gwkqv , AvwdKv I BDivc gnv`ki
cvPxb bMi mfZv mK eYbv KiZ
cvie|
fviZi cvPxb bMi mfZvi eYbv KiZ
cvie|
evsjv`k KLb I wKfve bMi mfZv
Mo DVwQj Zv weklY KiZ cvie|
cvjhyM-c~e evsjvi gvbyli mgvRaviv
Kgb wQj Zv evLv KiZ cvie|
cvjhyM evsjvi mvgvwRK Rxeb Kgb wQj
Zv eYbv KiZ cvie|
mbhyM evsjvi mvgvwRK Rxeb Kgb wQj
Zv eYbv KiZ cvie|
mb hyM mvgvwRK Rxebi cfve mK
evLv KiZ cvie|
mbhyM evsjvi A_bwZK Rxeb Kgb
wQj Zv eYbv KiZ cvie|
mbhyM evsjvi A_bwZK Rxebi cfve
weklY KiZ cvie|
Kx Aevq evsjvq cvj kvmb cwZwZ
nqwQj Zv eYbv KiZ cvie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
mg kwY
`kcg, RvZxqZveva, elgnxb mgvR,
m`vqmg~ni ga mxwZ I MYZvwK PZbvq DxweZ ne|
PZbvq DxweZ ne|
Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
3 4
`kcg, RvZxqZveva I MYZvwK
Dcwbek Kx Zv evLv KiZ cvie|
Dcwbek cwZvi wevi I Aemvbi iZ
Dcjw KiZ cvie|
evsjvq BDivcxq JcwbewkK`i AvMgb
eYbv KiZ cvie|
evsjvq BsiR kvmb cwZvi Dcvq evLv
KiZ cvie|
evsjvq BsiR kvmbi Kvhg evLv I
g~jvqb KiZ cvie|
BsiR Kvvwb kvmbi ewk evLv
KiZ cvie|
BsiR Kvvwb kvmbKvj evsjvi Av_-
mvgvwRK Aev eYbv KiZ cvie|
BsiR Kvvwb kvmbi cfve Dcjw
KiZ cvie|
wewUk kvmbi ewkmg~n evLv KiZ
cvie|
ZrKvjxb evsjvi Av_-mvgvwRK Aev eYbv
KiZ cvie|
wewUk kvmbi cfve g~jvqb KiZ
cvie|
evsjvi RvMiYi aviYv evLv KiZ
cvie|
evsjvi RvMiYi iZ Dcjw KiZ
cvie|
wewUk weivax we`vni weeiY eYbv KiZ
cvie|
32
 l kwY
1 2
cvj ivRv`i kvmb g~jvqb KiZ
cvie|
mb ivRv`i kvmbK Kb Abvq
kvmb ejv nqQ Zv evLv KiZ
cvie|
mb kvmb hyM mvaviY gvbyl Kb
kvwZ wQj bv Zv evLv KiZ
cvie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
mg kwY Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
3 4
wewUk weivax we`vni iZ Dcjw
KiZ cvie|
evsjvq ivRbwZK Av`vjbi De evLv
KiZ cvie|
evsjvq ivRbwZK Av`vjbi dj Dcjw
KiZ cvie|
wewUk weivax Av`vjb kl cvwKvb
ivi De evLv KiZ cvie|
evOvwji ^vaxbZv Av`vjb AevnZ ivLvi
KviY evLv KiZ cvie|
33
 l kwY
1 2
G kwY kl wkv_x..
mswZi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki mswZi ^ic I ewk eYbv
KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki mswZi aib evLv KiZ
cvie|
evsjv`ki mvswZK Dcv`vb evLv
KiZ cvie|
ew I Mvx Rxeb evsjv`ki mswZi
cfve weklY KiZ cvie Ges wbR^
mswZK aviY I jvjb KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki mswZi jvKR Dcv`vb
mvgwM Zwi KiZ cvie Ges Zv msiY
DrmvwnZ ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
mg kwY
G kwY kl wkv_x..
* ag, fvlv I m`vq wePvi
evsjv`ki mswZ Kgb Zv evLv KiZ evLv KiZ cvie|
cvie|
* evsjv`ki bvbv m`vqi gvbyli
ga mvswZK h ewP Zv eYbv KiZ
cvie|
evsjv`ki MvgxY I knii mswZi
Zzjbvg~jK AvjvPbv KiZ cvie|
jvKmswZi I Gi wewfb Dcv`vb
mK cwiwPZ nZ cvie|
wewfb b-Mvxi mvswZK Rxeb mK Dbqb NUQ Zv evLv KiZ cvie|
eYbv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki RvZxq mswZi mv_
jvKmswZi mK evLv KiZ
cvie|
jvKmswZi hKvbv GKwU Dcv`vbi
Dci cwZe`b Zwi KiZ cvie|
Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
3 4
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G i kl wkv_x..
mvswZK cwieZb ejZ Kx evSvq Zv 4.4. evsjv`ki mswZ I mvswZK
cwieZb mK Rvbe Ges ewMZ
mvswZK cwieZbi mv_ Dbqbi mvgvwRK Rxebavivq wbR^ mswZK
aviYv wKfve hy Zv evLv KiZ jvjb Kie|
cvie|
mvswZK cwieZb I Dbqbi ewk
evLv KiZ cvie|
mvswZK cwieZb I Dbqbi wewfb
w`K mK evLv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`k wKfve mvswZK cwieZb I
DbZ mswZK Abykxjb Kie Ges Gi
mv_ Lvc LvBq bqvi hvMvZv ARb
Kie |
34
 l kwY mg kwY
1 2
- G kwY kl wkv_x..
gahyM evsjvi cZ I cZm`i
aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|
mvbviMuvI, PuvcvBbeveM, evNv,
evMinvU, XvKv I bvivqYMi
cZmg~ni eYbv KiZ cvie|
Rv`yNi msiwZ gy`v, wkjvwjwc,
cvovgvwUi wk, avZe I grwk mK
evLv KiZ cvie|
wewfb GjvKvi cZm`mg~ni ga
Zzjbv KiZ cvie|
cZ I cZm`i cwZ kv Zwi
ne Ges Gme m`i cwZKwZ
msiY Dy ne|
G me I m` `kb Ki cZ
vb jvf Dy ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
3 4
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G i kl wkv_x..
XvKv kni JcwbewkK hyM wbwgZ agxq
4.5. evsjv`ki mvswZK HwZn
vcZjvi weeiY w`Z cvie|
XvKv knii Kvb Kvb Ask agxq BgviZ eYbv KiZ cvie Ges Gjv
wbwgZ nqQ Zv eYbv KiZ cvie| msiY Dy ne I Meeva Kie|
JcwbewkK hyM XvKvq wbwgZ DjLhvM 4.6. evsjv`ki cZ I
jwKK BgviZmg~ni eYbv w`Z cvie|
cZm` mK weeiY w`Z cvie
Kvb Kvb BgviZ miKvwifve Avi
Ges RbRxeb Gi iZ Abyaveb
Kvbjv emiKvwifve wbwgZ nqQ Zv
evLv KiZ cvie | Ki `ki mvswZK HwZni cwZ
XvKvi evBI Kvb Kvb Aj Rwg`viiv kv cvlY Kie |
cvmv` wbgvY KiwQjb Zv eYbv KiZ
cvie|
XvKvi evBi Rwg`vi`i Zwi gw`i mK
evLv KiZ cvie|
cZwb`kbi AvjvK JcwbewkK hyM
mvbviMuvIqi iZ evLv KiZ cvie|
cvbvgbMi I mi`vi evwoi eYbv KiZ
cvie|
JcwbewkK hyMi cZwb`kb Kvb& Kvb&
hv`yNi I msMn kvjvq iqQ Zv eYbv KiZ
cvie|
Rv`yNI msMnxZ wb`kbjv mK evLv
KiZ cvie|
cZ I cZm`i cwZ AvMn Zwi ne
Ges Gme msiY Dy ne|
G me I m` `kb Ki cZ
vbjvf Dy ne|
35
 l kwY mg kwY Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
1 2 3 4
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G kwY kl wkv_x.. G kwY kl wkv_x.. G i kl wkv_x..
mgvR KvVvgvi aviYv I evsjv`ki cwievii aviYv evLv KiZ cvie| mvgvwRKxKiY wewfb cwZvb I Dcv`vbi
4.7. evsjv`ki mgvR KvVvgvZ
mgvR KvVvgv evLv KiZ cvie| cwievii wewfb aib mK evLv cfve evLv KiZ cvie|
mgvR KvVvgvi Dcv`vbmg~n evLv ewi mvgvwRKxKiY cwqvq
KiZ cvie| evsjv`ki Mvg I knii mvgvwRKxKiY
KiZ cvie| mgvRi wewfb cwZvb I Dcv`vbi
evsjv`ki Mvg I knii cwievii ga cwqvi Zzjbv KiZ cvie|
mvgvwRKxKiY cwqvi aviYv evLv cfve eYbv KiZ cvie Ges G
Zzjbv KiZ cvie| mvgvwRKxKiY MYgvag I Z_ Ges
KiZ cvie| cwqvi gvag wKfve cvwievwiK I
AvaywbK mgvR wki mvgvwRKxKiY hvMvhvM chywi cfve weklY Kiv I
mgvR Rxeb mvgvwRKxKiYi cfve mvgvwRK mKi Dbqb NU Zv
evLv KiZ cvie| cwieZbkxj cwievii f~wgKv weklY
Gi BwZevPK eenvi Dy ne| evLv KiZ cvie|
mvgvwRKxKiYi gvag I Gi iZ KiZ cvie|
mvgvwRKxKiY wekvqbi cfve evLv
eYbv KiZ cvie| hgb - mvgvwRKxKiY cwievii m`m`i f~wgKv
eYbv KiZ cvie| KiZ cvie I G mK eve Z_
- cwievi
msMni gvag cwZe`b cYqb I
- cwZekx wki mvgvwRKxKiYi cwievii
- we`vjq m`m`i cviwiK mKi iZ Dcvcb KiZ cvie|
- Ljv I covi mvw_ evLv KiZ cvie| gvbweK I mvgvwRK Yvewj i Ki
- agxq cwZvb cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK mK Dbqbi
gvbweK I mvgvwRK Yvewj i Ki
- webv`b mswk cwZvb
- MYgvag cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK mK Dbqbi hvMZv ARb Kie Ges kLjvc~Y
mvgvwRKxKiYi gvagmg~ni ZvwjKv hvMZv ARb Kie Ges kLjvc~Y AvPiY Dy ne|
Zwi KiZ cvie| AvPiY Dy ne|
mvgvwRKxKiYi gvag gvbweK I
mvgvwRK Yvewj i Ki cvwievwiK I
mvgvwRK mK Dbqbi hvMZv ARb
Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 36

 l kwY
1 2
G kwY kl wkv_x..
evsjv`ki RbMYi A_bwZK
Rxebaviv eYbv KiZ cvie|
Mvg I knii A_bwZK KvR eYbv
KiZ cvie|
kni I Mvgi A_bwZi Zzjbv KiZ
cvie|
evsjv`ki A_bxwZi cavb cavb LvZi
eYbv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki A_bwZK Dbqbi iZ
Dcjw KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki A_bwZK Dbqbi mvebv
evLv KiZ cvie|
` Rbkw wnme Mo IVvi gbvfve
Ges wbR m`i eenvi Ki
AvZwbfikxj nIqvi gvbwmKZv cvlY
Kie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
mg kwY
G kwY kl wkv_x..
evsjv`ki Mvg I knii AbvbyvwbK
A_bwZK Kvhvewji weeiY w`Z cvie|
wKfve AbvbyvwbK A_bwZK LvZ
evsjv`ki A_bxwZZ Ae`vb ivL Zv
weklY KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki A_bxwZZ wki Ae`vb
eYbv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki cavb cavb Avg`vwb I ivwb
cY mvgMx mK eYbv KiZ cvie| m` Dbqbi m Zzjbv KiZ cvie|
RvZxq A_bxwZZ Kwl cY
cwqvRvZKiY wki Ae`vb eYbv
KiZ cvie|
Mvg I knii AbvbyvwbK A_bwZK
Kvhvewji GKwU ZvwjKv Zwi KiZ
cvie|
Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
3 4
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G i kl wkv_x..
gvU AfixY Drcv`b (wRwWwc), gvU
4.8. evsjv`ki gvbyli A_bwZK
RvZxq Drcv`b (wRGbwc) I gv_vwcQz
Avqi aviYv D`vniYmn evLv KiZ Rxebaviv, cavb A_bwZK ewk I
A_bwZK Dbqb mK aviYv ARb
cvie|
`ki gvU RvZxq Avqi hme LvZ KiZ cvie Ges RvZxq-
Ae`vb ivLQ Zv eYbv KiZ cvie| AvRvwZK cwZ Gi cviwiK
gvbe m` Dbqbi aviYv evLv KiZ cfve weklY KiZ cvie|
cvie|
evsjv`k gvbe m` Dbqb Aev evLv 4.22. evsjv`ki mvgvwRK I
KiZ cvie Ges Abvb `ki gvbe A_bwZK welqmswk Z_ Dcvcb
msLvZvwK Kkj cqvMi `Zv
gvbe Dbqb m~PKi aviYv evLv KiZ ARb Kie|
cvie|
gvbe Dbqb m~PKi evsjv`k I
Dbqbkxj KqKwU `ki Zzjbv KiZ
cvie|
we`k KgiZ evsjv`kx`i cwiZ
iwgU I A_bxwZZ Gi cfve evLv
KiZ cvie|
gvbe Dbqb m~PKi wfwZ `ki Dbqb
mwq f~wgKv cvjbi gbvfve ARb
Kie|
37
 l kwY mg kwY Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
1 2 3 4
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G kwY kl wkv_x.. G i kl wkv_x..
ivi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie| mybvMwiKi Yvewj Rvbe Ges Gjv 4.9. evsjv`ki iv, bvMwiKi
evsjv`k Kb GKwU iv Zv evLv ARb mPZb ne| aviYv, bvMwiKZv ARbi cwZ,
KiZ cvie| evsjv`k mybvMwiKi cwZeKZvjv bvMwiKi f~wgKv I mybvMwiKi
bvMwiK I bvMwiKZvi aviYv evLv eYbv KiZ cvie Ges Gjv cwinvi Yvewj eYbv KiZ cvie Ges
KiZ cvie| KiZ Dy ne| eve Rxeb Zv AbymiY KiZ Dy
evsjv`k bvMwiKZv ARbi cwZ evsjv`ki Av_-mvgvwRK Dbqb ne|
eYbv KiZ cvie| mybvMwiKi iZ Dcjw Kie|
cw_exi KqKwU `ki h_v- fviZ, bvMwiK AwaKvi mgybZ ivLvi Kgm~wPZ 4.22. gvbweK, mvgvwRK, bwZK I
AvgwiKv, Awjqv, KvbvWvi bvMwiKZv AskMnYi hvMZv ARb Kie| MYZvwK g~jeva weKvk mvabi
ARbi cwZ mK eYbv KiZ gvag my avivi mgvR I iv MVb
Dy ne|
cvie|
wewfb `k bvMwiKZv ARb cwZi
Zzjbv KiZ cvie|
`ki Dbqb bvMwiKi mwq f~wgKvi
iZ Dcjw Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 38

 l kwY mg kwY
1 2
G kwY kl wkv_x..
wbevPbi aviYv I cqvRbxqZv evLv KiZ
cvie|
evsjv`ki RvZxq I vbxq chvq AbywZ
wbevPb cwqv mK eYbv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki wbevPb eevi ewk eYbv KiZ
cvie|
mKj wbevPb Dchy RbcwZwbwa wbevPb I
mwVKfve fvU c`vbi iZ evLv KiZ
cvie|
wbevPb cwZ, wbevPbx GjvKv I wbevPbx
AvPiYwewa mK eYbv KiZ cvie|
fvUvwaKvi cqvM I wbevPb cwZwZv Kivi
wbqg Rvbe Ges Zv AbymiY mPZb ne|
miKvii myz cwiPjbvq Dchy wbevPbi iZ
eySe I wbevPb Kwgkbi MnxZ wewfb Kvhg
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve `Lve|
MYZvwK cwqvi Ask wnme wbevPbi
cqvRbxqZv evLv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki vbxq chvq wbevPbi Ici
cwZe`b Zwi KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki wbevPb cwiPvjbv cwZmg~n cKvk
Ki PvU Ab KiZ cvie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
3 4
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G i kl wkv_x..
miKvi cwZi wewfb aib msc eYbv 4.10. evsjv`ki miKvi I
KiZ cvie|
wbevPb eev mK eYbv KiZ
evsjv`ki miKvi cwZi aib DjL cvie Ges mykvmbi iZ evLv
KiZ cvie| KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki iv cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZmg~n
eYbv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki msweavbi cavb ewk eYbv
KiZ cvie I msweavbi cwZ kv
c`kb Kie|
evsjv`k miKvii wewfb Ai msw
iciLv I Kvhvewj eYbv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki miKvi cwiPvjbvq mykvmbi
iZ Dcjw Kie I mykvmbi Rb
MnxZ Kvhg mnhvwMZvi gbvfve
`Lve|
evsjv`ki vbxq miKvi KvVvgv I KvR
evLv KiZ cvie|
39
 l kwY mg kwY Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
1 2 3 4
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G i kl wkv_x..
Gwkqv gnv`ki fMvwjK 4.11. Avtgnv`kxq fMvwjK
Aevb, AvqZb , RbmsLv, f~- Aev I Gi cwigj evsjv`ki
cKwZ I Rjevqy, A_bxwZ, ag
Aevb mK aviYv jvf KiZ
evLv KiZ cvie|
cvie|
cw_exi wewfb gnvmvMii Aevb
I iZ eYbv KiZ cvie|
wek fMvwjK cwigj Gwkqv
gnv`ki Aevb I Gwkqv
gnv`k evsjv`ki Aevb
evLv KiZ cvie|
wewfb gnvmvMii Aevb evLv
KiZ cvie|
gnvmvMijvi iZ weklY
KiZ cvie|
gvbwP Ab Ki Gwkqv gnv`k
evsjv`ki Aevb wb`k KiZ
cvie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 40

 l kwY mg kwY
1 2
G kwY kl wkv_x..
evsjv`ki Rjevqyi cKwZ evLv KiZ
cvie|
evsjv`ki Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY evLv
KiZ cvie|
Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ KviY wewfb `yhvM
hgb- mvBKvb, RjvQvm, b`xfvb,
Zvcgvv ew, dmjvw`i wZ, Mnnxb I
vbvi BZvw` evLv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki Av_-mvgvwRK Rjevqy
cwieZbi cfve eYbv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki Rjevqy cwieZb mPZbZv ew
cve Ges Gi gvKvejvq iv I mgvRi
KiYxq evLv KiZ cvie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
3 4
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G i kl wkv_x..
ewkK Dvqbi aviYv evLv KiZ 4.14. ewkK Dvqb I Rjevqy
cvie| cwieZb mswk cvKwZK Ges
ewkK Dvqbi KviY I cfve weklY mvgvwRK wechq, Gjvi KvhKviY
KiZ cvie| mK I cfve weklY KiZ
`yhvMi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie| cvie Ges cwZiva I D~Z
`yhvMi aib DjL KiZ cvie| cwiwwZZ AwfhvRbi `Zv
ARb Kie|
wewfb aibi cvKwZK `yhvM h_v -
N~wYSo, ebv, Liv, f~wgK, mybvwg I
AwMKv BZvw` mK eYbv KiZ
cvie|
evsjv`ki cvKwZK `yhvMi KviY eYbv
KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki Rxeb I A_bxwZi Ici G
me `yhvMi cfve weklY KiZ cvie|
cvKwZK `yhvM cwZiva, `yhvM KiYxq,
Rxeb I RxweKv ivq DchvMx
c`ci civgkmn cwiKbv Zwi
KiZ cvie|
41
 l kwY
1 2
G kwY kl wkv_x..
RbwgwZK aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki RbmsLv cwieZbi cfve
weviKvix Dcv`vbmg~n h_v- Rb, gZz,
vbviMgb, weevn I mvgvwRK MwZkxjZv
evLv KiZ cvie|
Rb, gZz I vbviMgb mwKZ
ZviZgi KviY I cfve eYbv KiZ
cvie|
RbmsLv Z_i Dcvcb msLvZvwK
Kkj cqvM KiZ cvie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
mg kwY
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G kwY kl wkv_x..
evsjv`kmn AvwjK KqKwU `ki
RbmsLvi Zzjbv KiZ cvie|
RbmsLvi cwieZbkxjZvi aviYv evLv
KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki RbmsLvi AfixY I
AvRvwZK vbvii KviY I djvdj
evLv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`k gv I wk gZznvii KviY I
cfve weklY KiZ cvie|
evsjv`k cvKwZK m`i AvjvK
RbmsLv ebi aviYvwU evLv KiZ Kkj cqvM KiZ cvie|
cvie|
evsjv`ki RbmsLv ewi KviY I cfve
evLv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki RbmsLv mgmv mgvavbi
c`c evLv I iZ Dcjw KiZ
cvie|
evsjv`ki RbmsLv mgmvi Dci
cwZe`b Zwi KiZ cvie|
Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
3 4
G i kl wkv_x..
evsjv`ki RbmsLv bxwZ evLv KiZ 4.12. `wkK I ewkK cvcU
cvie|
evsjv`ki RbwgwZK ewk
RbmsLv wbqY miKvwi I emiKvwi
mK aviYv jvf Kie Ges
Kgm~wP eYbv KiZ cvie|
evemZ bxwZ cqvMi gvag
RbmsLvi mv_ Rbm`i mK wbYq
RbmsLvK Rbm` icvi I
KiZ cvie|
Dbqbi Dcvq wPwZ KiZ
RbmsLvK Rbm` icvii Kkj
cvie|
mK eYbv KiZ cvie|
RbmsLv Z_i Dcvcb msLvZvwK 4.22. evsjv`ki mvgvwRK I
A_bwZK welqmswk Z_
Dcvcb msLvZvwK Kkj
cqvMi `Zv ARb Kie|
42
 l kwY mg kwY Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
1 2 3 4
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G i kl wkv_x..
cwieki mv_ gvbyli cviwiK mK 4.13. cwieki mv_ gvbyli
evLv KiZ cvie | cviwiK mK eYbv KiZ
cwiekMZ mgmvi KviY (evqy , k, cvie Ges Zv msiY I Dbqb
cvwb, I gvwU `~lY, Rjvf~wg asm, cvnvo
Dy ne|
KZb, ewi mgmv, Rxe ewP wejy
nIqv, cwiekMZ Dv)|
Gme mgmvi cfve weklY KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki cwiekMZ mgmvi cwZiva
I wbqb KiYxq mK eYbv KiZ
cvie Ges G welq mPZb ne|
cwiekMZ mgmvi Dci cwZe`b Zwi
KiZ cvie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 43

 l kwY
1 2
G kwY kl wkv_x..
wk AwaKvi aviYvwU evLv KiZ cvie|
RvwZmsN NvwlZ wk AwaKvi mb` Abyhvqx
wk AwaKvimg~n eYbv KiZ cvie Ges
evsjv`k wk AwaKvii eveZv Zzj aiZ
cvie|
wk AwaKvii Dci Abymvbg~jK cwZe`b
Zwi KiZ cvie|
wk AwaKvi msiY mPZb ne Ges Ab
wki AwaKvi ivi cwZ mPZb ne|
wk kgi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|
wk kgi KviY I cfve weklY KiZ
cvie|
evsjv`k wk wbhvZbi cKwZ evLv KiZ
cvie|
evsjv`k wk wbhvZbi KviY I cfve
weklY KiZ cvie|
kgRxex wki cwZ Avgv`i gbvfve Kx nIqv
DwPZ Zv eYbv KiZ cvie|
wk cvPvii KviY weklY KiZ cvie|
wk cvPvii Kkj evLv Ges wZKi w`K
weklY KiZ cvie|
wk cvPvii cwZiva Dcvq mK evLv
KiZ cvie|
mg kwY Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
3 4
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G i kl wkv_x..
mgvR Rxeb bvixi Aevb eYbv KiZ 4.15. RvZxq cwZ wk, bvix,
cvie| cexY ewi AwaKvi mK
evsjv`k bvix AwaKvii aviYvwU evLv mPZb ne Ges G`i Dbqb
KiZ cvie|
iZ mnKvi Ae`vb ivLZ
evsjv`k bvix AwaKvii iZ eYbv
cvie|
KiZ cvie|
evsjv`k bvixi mvsweavwbK AwaKvii
eYbv KiZ cvie|
bvix AwaKvii cwZ mvgvwRK `wfw
cwieZbi iZ Dcjw Kie|
cexY ewi Aevb eYbv KiZ cvie|
Zv`i AwaKvi mwKZ aviYv evLv KiZ
cvie|
Zv`i AwaKvii iZ evLv KiZ
cvie|
evsjv`k Zv`i AwaKvii eYbv KiZ
cvie|
Zv`i AwaKvi weklY mswk cwZe`b
Zwi KiZ cvie|
Zv`i AwaKvi hvZ jwNZ bv nq m welq
mPZb ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 44

 l kwY mg kwY Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
1 2 3 4
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G kwY kl wkv_x.. G i kl wkv_x..
evsjv`ki mvgvwRK mgmv wnme hZzK wKkvi Acivai aviYv evLv KiZ
I evjweevni aviYv evLv KiZ cvie| 4.16. evsjv`ki Av_-
cvie|
hZyKi KviY I cfve weklY KiZ mvgvwRK cwZ D~Z mgmvi
cvie| wKkvi Acivai KviY I cfve eYbv
cKwZ, KviY I cfve mK
evjweevni KviY I cfve weklY KiZ KiZ cvie|
aviYv jvf Kie Ges Gi
cvie| wKkvi Aciva cwZKvii Dcvq
cwZiva Rxeb`Zv ARb
hZzK I evjweevn wbiva AvBbi evLv mK eYbv KiZ cvie|
KiZ cvie| Kie|
gv`Kvmwi aviYvwU evLv KiZ
hZzK I evjweevn cwZiva I mgvavb 4.19. evsjv`ki cPwjZ
cvie|
mvgvwRK Av`vjbi c`c eYbv KiZ
cvie| gv`Kvmwi KviY I cfve eYbv AvBb I wewaweavb mK
hb nqivwb I hb wbcxobi aviYv KiZ cvie| aviYv jvf KiZ cvie Ges
evLv KiZ cvie| gv`Kvmw cwZivai Dcvq mK eve Rxeb Gi cqvM Kie
hb nqivwb I hb wbcxobi wkKvi eYbv KiZ cvie| I Abykxjb Dy ne|
nIqvi KviY evLv KiZ cvie|
mgvR Rxeb wKkvi Aciva I
hb nqivwb I hb wbcxobi wZKi 4.22. evsjv`ki mvgvwRK I
cfve weklY KiZ cvie| gv`Kvmwi cfve mK mPZb
A_bwZK welqmswk Z_
hb nqivwb I hb wbcxob _K wbRK iv ne Gme mgmv mgvavbi Dcvq
Dcvcb msLvZvwK Kkj
Kivi Dcvq evLv KiZ cvie| LyuRe Ges kLjvc~Y AvPiY Dy
hb nqivwb I hb wbcxob _K weiZ ne| cqvMi `Zv ARb Kie|
ivLvi Dcvq evLv KiZ cvie|
hb nqivwb wbiva AvBb evLv KiZ
cvie|
hb nqivwb _K weiZ _vLvi Dcvq Ges
hb nqivwb wbiva AvBb mK mPZb
ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 45

 l kwY mg kwY Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
1 2 3 4
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G kwY kl wkv_x.. G i kl wkv_x..
AvwjK mnhvwMZvi iZ evLv KiZ wek wewfb `ki ga AvRvwZK 4.17. KqKwU AvwjK I
cvie| mnhvwMZvi iZ evLv KiZ cvie| AvRvwZK mnhvMx msvi
GKB Ajfz wewfb `ki ga DjLhvM AvRvwZK mnhvMx msv MVb, Dk I Kvhg mK
mnhvwMZvi DjL KiZ cvie| hgb- BDwbmd, BDbv, BDGbwWwc, eYbv KiZ cvie Ges
weki DjLhvM AvwjK mnhvMx dvI Ges BDGbGdwcG-i MVb, Dk Gjvi mv_ evsjv`ki
msvi MVb Ges Kvhg eYbv KiZ I Kvhgi msw eYbv w`Z cvie| mswkZv g~jvqb KiZ cvie|
cvie| AvRvwZK mnhvwMZv I mK Dbqb
wewfb `ki iv I RbMYi ga Gme msvi f~wgKv g~jvqb KiZ cvie|
cviwiK mxwZ, mnhvwMZv, mnv`, wewfb msvq evsjv`ki mswkZv
vZZeva Zwi ne| weklY KiZ cvie|
AvRvwZK mcxwZ I cviwiK
mnhvwMZvi mK Dy ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 46

 l kwY mg kwY Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
1 2 3 4
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G i kl wkv_x..
AvRvwZK mnhvwMZvi aviYv I iZ
4.18. wekkvw cwZvq
evLv KiZ cvie|
RvwZmNi f~wgKv eYbv KiZ
wek kvw cwZvq RvwZmNi f~wgKv
evLv KiZ cvie| cvie Ges RvwZmN
RvwZmNi MVbi Dk eYbv KiZ evsjv`ki f~wgKv wbq Meeva
cvie| Kie|
RvwZmNi MVb cwZ eYbv KiZ
cvie|
RvwZmNi gwjK bxwZmg~n I
DjLhvM Kvhg eYbv KiZ
cvie|
wekkvw I cMwZZ RvwZmsN kvw
ix evwnbxi iZ Ges evsjv`ki
f~wgKv weklY KiZ cvie I Meeva
Kie|
RvwZmsN kvwix evwnbxZ
AskMnYKvix `kjvi ZvwjKv Zwi
KiZ cvie|
weki wewfb vb kvw ivq
RvwZmNi KqKwU DjLhvM Ae`vb
DjL KiZ cvie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 47

 l kwY mg kwY Ag kwY cvwK wkLbdj
1 2 3 4
G kwY kl wkv_x.. G i kl wkv_x..
evsjv`ki PvKgv, gvigv, muvIZvj, 4.20. evsjv`k wewfb b-
ivLvBb b-RvwZMvxi fMvwjK RvwZMvxi Rxebaviv mK
Aevb mK Rvbe Ges gvbwP eYbv KiZ cvie Ges G`i
mbv KiZ cvie| mvswZK ewk I ewPi
evsjv`ki PvKgv, gvigv, muvIZvj, cwZ kv cvlY Kie|
ivLvBb b-RvwZMvxi mvgvwRK,
A_bwZK, agxq I mvswZK
Rxebaviv mK eYbv KiZ
cvie|
evsjv`ki PvKgv, gvigv, muvIZvj,
ivLvBb b-RvwZMvxi mv_ evOvwj
RvwZMvxi mswZi mswgkY evLv
KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki PvKgv, gvigv, muvIZvj,
ivLvBb b-RvwZMvx I evOvwj
RvwZMvxi ga mvswZK Av`vb-
c`vb evLv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki PvKgv, gvigv, muvIZvj,
ivLvBb b-RvwZMvxi mvswZK
ewPi cwZ kv cvlY Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 48

 6. wkvg QK
l kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 49

c_g Aavq: mgvRi K_v
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. gvbe mgvRi aviYv evLv
KiZ cvie|
2. mgvR weKvki wewfb i
hgb- wkKvi I Lv`
msMnwfwK , D`vb Kwl,
ccvjb, KwlwfwK Ges
wkwfwK I wkvi mgvRi
Av_-mvgvwRK, mvswZK Aev
eYbv KiZ cvie|
3. mgvR Rxeb cvKwZK I
fMvwjK cwieki cfve
eYbv KiZ cvie|
4. weeZbi ewkMZ w`K _K
evsjv`ki mgvRi cKwZ
weklY KiZ cvie|
gbvcwkR
5. Kwl mgvR I AvaywbK mgvRi
Drcv`b cwZi Zzjbv Ki
wP Ab KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
6. mgvR weKvk weeZbi iZ
Dcjw KiZ cvie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(8 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
gvbe mgvRi aviYv cvvi, Z_, ee DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi DcKiY wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
cfwZ eenvi Kieb| (Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
mgvR weKvki wewfb
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcmy ARbi j wkv_x Kw`K `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
i- cwZ cqvM Kieb| G hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK
wkKvi I Lv` MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK
cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ eenvi Kieb| GKvwaK Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i
msMnwfwK mgvR wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ nq Ggb `jxq KvR g~jvqb Kieb| hgb-
D`vb KwlwfwK I Ges evwoi KvR w`eb|
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
ccvjbwfwK mgvR hgb- D`vb Kwl, ccvjb I KwlwfwK mgvRi f~wgKvB cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
KwlwfwK mgvR A_bwZK weKvki g~j- `jxq AvjvPbv Ki| mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
wkwfwK I evsjv`ki mgvRi cKwZMZ ewki mv_ mgvR weKvki i
Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
wkvi mgvR| mg~ni wgj iqQ- evLv Ki|-evwoi KvR cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb
mgvR Rxeb cvKwZK AbcvwY I gvbe mgvRi ewkI Zzjbv Ki|- evwoi KvR Ges wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb
I fMvwjK wkK mgvR weKvki wewfb Zii hgb- wkKvi I Lv` msMnwfwK Kieb|
, D`vb Kwl, ccvjb, KwlwfwK Ges wkwfwK I wkvi
cwieki cfve| mgvRi Qwe c`kb Kieb|Gme Qwe mK wkv_xi mv_ gZ
GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
evsjv`ki mgvRi wewbgq Kieb| MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
cKwZ| wkK Avw`g mgvRK wkKvi I Lv` msMnwfwK mgvR ejvi KviY
Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv
mbv Ki| welq kwYZ KvR w`eb|
wbwZ Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj
wkK gvbwPi evenvi Ki evsjv`ki Aevb mK eYbv
g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i
Kieb| Rb wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
cKwZ I fMvwjK Dcv`vb wKfve mgvR RxebK cfvweZ KiQ Zv
wkK evLv Kieb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv
Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| G mKj
evsjv`ki mgvRi cKwZ mK wkv_xi gZvgZ MnY Kieb|
cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck
Zvici wewfb mgvRi ewk mK wkv_xi aviYv wRm Kieb|
mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb
evsjv`ki mgvRi cKwZi mv_ mgvR weeZbi wgji Dci `jxq i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Z) iv
KvR w`eb| Ki cYxZ ne|
wkK Kwl mgvR I AvaywbK mgvRi Drcv`b cwZi Dci wP Ab wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb
KiZ w`eb| mvabi Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI
Zv`i wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-
cwiQbZv, mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw`
w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi AvIZvq Avbeb|
50
wZxq Aavq: evsjv I evsjvi gvbyl
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. cvPxb evsjv`ki f~~wg wKfve
Mo DVQ Ges evsjv`ki
eZgvb fMvwjK Aev Kgb Zv
evLv KiZ cvie|
2. esjv`ki A_bwZK I mvgvwRK
Rxeb mK eYbv KiZ cvie|
3. cvPxbhyMi evsjvi ivRbwZK
Aevi eYbv KiZ cvie|
4. evOvwj Kxfve c_g ivResk
cwZv Kijv Zvi eYbv KiZ
cvie|
5. gahyM evsjvi ivRbwZK Aev
mK evLv KiZ cvie|
6. AvaywbK hyMi ivRbwZK Rxeb
mK eYbv KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
7. cvPxb I gahyMi BwZnvm wbq
Meeva Kie|
eywexq
8 . Kb evOvwjK gywhy Svwcq
coZ nqwQj Zv weklY KiZ
cvie|
9. gyywhyi cv_wgK chvqi Aev
eYbv KiZ cvie|
10. gywhy evOvwj wKfve cwZiva
Mo ZzjwQj Zv eYbv KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
11.gywhy wbq Meeva Kie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(14 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
cwiQ`- 1: cvPxb evsjv`ki
fMvwjK, Av_-mvgvwRK Ges wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV AvKlYxq wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi
ivRbwZK Aev KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, ee DcKiY, Rb wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK|
cvPxb evsjv`ki fMvwjK, gvbwP, cwZe`b, cwKvq cKvwkZ cwZe`b Ges MVbKvjxb (Formative) I P~ov
Av_-mvgvwRK Aev Qwe, wbRi Zwi DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb| (Summative)- G `yfve g~jvqb
cPxb hyMi ivRbwZK Rxeb wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcmy ARbi Kieb|
ga I AvaywbK hyMi j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme
ivRbwZK Rxeb| hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK cwZ, gv_v wkK GKvwaK Kkj cqvM Ki
LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ eenvi Kieb| wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb| hgb-
cwiQ`- 2: evsjv`ki wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ nq cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv,
gywhy| Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR wjwLZ cixv MnY I b^i c`vb|
w`eb|
evsjv`ki gywhyi mvaviY G wkK mRbkxj I ewbevPwb
aviYv| AvaywbK hyMi evsjvi ivRbwZK Rxebi Pq cki eenvi Kieb|
gahyMi ivRbwZK Rxeb fvjv wQj|- `jxq KvR Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b
evOvwjK gywhy Svwcq covi KviY weklY Ki|- wkv_x`i cheY Kieb, Zv`i
evwoi KvR| K_vcK_b beb Ges wbw`
evsjv`ki Kvb Aji gywhyi cwZivai mwP wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
cwZe`b Dcvcb Ki evOvwji cwZiva Av`vjb
evLv KiZ cvib| GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR
cwKvq cKvwkZ Z_ _K cwZe`b cZ KiZ w`eb|
ejeb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU
avivevwnK g~jvqb cwqv| GwU kwY
Kvhgi gvag mv`b Kieb|
wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv
wbwZ Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV
DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb|
wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb
wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb
51
wZxq Aavq: evsjv I evsjvi gvbyl (14 wcwiqW) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
eywexq P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU
1. wewfb hyMce evsjv`k bvgi cwiQ`- 3: evsjv`k I gywhvv`i A`g mvnm I `k cgi KviYB mvgwqK cixv Ges GKwU evwlK
wewfb icvi mK eYbv evsjvi gvbyli Drm ^vaxb evsjv`ki Rb- hyw `vI|- welqi Dci cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj cixvq
KiZ cvie| `jxq KvR w`eb| ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck
2. evsjv`k bvgi GB f~LwUi evsjv bvgi `kwUi Rb cvvi ccvi wewfb hyMce evsjv`k bvgi wewfb mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n
mw wKfve nqQ Zv eYbv evsjvi gvbyli Drm icvi mK Z_ Dcvcb Ki kwYZ cvV`vb `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb,
KiZ cvie| Kieb| Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv)
3. evsjvi Avw`evmx Kviv Zv cwiQ`- 4: evsjv`k I wewfb hyM evsjv`k bvgi h icvi nqQ Zvi iv Ki cYxZ ne|
evLv KiZ cvie| weki cvPxb mswZ I mfZv GKwU ZvwjKv Zwi Ki|welq wkK kwYi KvR
4. `wnK ewki w`K _K cvMwZnvwmK hyMi w`eb| wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK
wKfve evOvwj RvwZK Pbv mswZ cwieZb mvabi Rb welqewfwK
wKfve evOvwj RvwZi Rb nqQ Zv avivevwnKfve
hvq Zv evLv KiZ cvie| cixv QvovI Zv`i wbqgvbyewZZv,
cvPxb wek mfZv wjL| welq wkK kwYi KvR w`eb|
5. cv_i hyMi evsjv mK AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
eYbv KiZ cvie| fviZ I evsjv`ki cvPxb cv_i hyMi gvbyli Rxeb cYvjxi mv_ eZgvb mgqi
mfZv gvbyli Rxebhvvi Awgj wPwZ Kivi Dci kwYi mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n
eywexq g~jvqbi AvIZvq Avbeb|
6. Gwkqv , AvwdKv I BDivc KvR w`eb|
gnv`ki cvPxb bMi mfZv
mK eYbv KiZ cvie|
7. fviZi cvPxb bMi mfZvi
eYbv KiZ cvie|
8. evsjv`k KLb I wKfve
bMi mfZv Mo DVwQj Zv
weklY KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
9. `kwUi RbK_v,mswZ,
mfZv, HwZn I gywhy
wbq Meeva Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 52

ZZxq Aavq: cvPxb evsjvi Rxebaviv
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. cvjhyM-c~e evsjvi gvbyli mgvRaviv
Kgb wQj Zv evLv KiZ cvie|
2. cvj I mbhyM evsjvi mvgvwRK,
A_bwZK I ivRbwZK Rxeb Kgb
wQj Zv eYbv KiZ cvie|
3. cvj I mbhyM evsjvi Av_-mvgvwRK
I ivRbwZK Rxebi cfve weklY
KiZ cvie|
4. mb ivRv`i kvmbK Kb Abvq
kvmb ejv nZv Zv evLv KiZ
cvie|
AveMxq
5. cvj I mb ivRv`i BwZnvmi wkv
welq mPZb ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(8 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv
wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV AvKlYxq
cvjhyM-c~e evsjvi KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve DcKiY,
gvbyli mgvRaviv gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi DcKiY cfwZ
cvPxb evsjvi Avw` eenvi Kieb|
Rxebavivi wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcmy ARbi
cvj hyMi mgvwRK I j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme
A_bwZK I ivRbwZK hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK cwZ, gv_v
Rxeb LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ nq
mbhyM evsjvi mvgvwRK
A_bwZK I ivRbwZK Ggb `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR w`eb|
Rxeb hgb- cvPxb evsjvi Avw` Rxebavivi cfve eZgvb
evsjv`ki gvbyli Rxeb KZUv cwZdwjZ nqQ
Zv weklY Kivi Rb evwoi KvR w`eb|
cvjhyM I mb hyMi gvbyli mvgvwRK Rxebi Zzjbv
Kivi Dci `jxq KvR w`eb|
cvPxb evsjv I eZgvb evsjvi mgvR Rxebi GKwU
PvU Zwi Kivi Dci wkK kwYi KvR w`eb|
cvj hyMi mgvR Rxebi mv_ eZgvb mgqi mgvR
Rxebi wgji Dci wkK kwYi KvR w`eb|
mb kvmK`i mvaviY gvbyli Dci AZvPvi Kivi
KviY weklYi Dci wkK evwoi KvR w`eb|
g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi
Rb wkLbdj wfwK g~jvqb
AvekK| MVbKvjxb (Formative)
I P~ov (Summative)- G `yfve
g~jvqb Kieb|
wkK GKvwaK Kkj cqvM Ki
wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb| hgb-
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv,
wjwLZ cixv MnY I b^i c`vb|
G wkK mRbkxj I ewbevPwb
cki eenvi Kieb|
Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b
wkv_x`i cheY Kieb, Zv`i
K_vcK_b beb Ges wbw`
wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR
w`eb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU
avivevwnK g~jvqb cwqv| GwU kwY
Kvhgi gvag mv`b Kieb|
wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv
wbwZ Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV
DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb|
wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb
wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
53
ZZxq Aavq: cvPxb evsjvi Rxebaviv
wkLbdj
(8 wcwiqW) Pjgvb 2
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU
mvgwqK cixv Ges GKwU evwlK
cixv MnY Kieb| G mKj cixvq
ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck
mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n
`ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb,
Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv)
iv Ki cYxZ ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK
cwieZb mvabi Rb welqewfwK
cixv QvovI Zv`i wbqgvbyewZZv,
AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n
g~jvqbi AvIZvq Avbeb|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 54

PZz_ Aavq: evsjv`ki mswZi cwiPq (7 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. mswZi aviYv evLv KiZ evsjv`ki mswZi ^ic
cvie|
2. evsjv`ki mswZi ^ic I evsjv`ki mswZi aib
ewk eYbv KiZ cvie| evsjv`ki mvswZK
3. evsjv`ki mswZi aib evLv
KiZ cvie|
4. evsjv`ki mvswZK Dcv`vb
evLv KiZ cvie|
5. ew I Mvx Rxeb evsjv`ki
mswZi cfve weklY KiZ
cvie Ges wbR^ mswZK aviY
I jvjb KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
6. evsjv`ki mswZi jvKR
Dcv`vb mvgMx Zwi KiZ cvie
Ges Zv msiY DrmvwnZ ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv
mswZi aviYv
wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wkLbdj wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
I ewk AvKlYxqKiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve
DcKiY,gvbwP,cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi DcKiY
cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcmy ARbi
Dcv`vb
j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G
ew I Mvx Rxeb
evsjv`ki mswZi cfve hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK
cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cR cwZ cfwZ eenvi
Kieb|
wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ
nq GgY `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR w`eb|
hgb- Zvgvi cvwievwiK Rxeb `kxq mswZi
cfve weklY Ki|
wkK evwoi KvR w`eb|
Rxeb Nwb Kvb NUbv _K mswZi eMZ I
AeMZ icK Avjv`v Kivi KvR w`eb|
wkK kwYZ Qwe `Lveb Zv _K mswZi
^ic wPwZ KiZ ejeb|
Zvgvi GjvKvi gvbyli Rxeb cYvjxi eYbv Ki
mswZi ewk wPwZ Kivi Dci evwoi KvR
w`eb|
Zvgvi cwievii Rxeb cYvjx _K mswZi
Dcv`vb wPwZ Kivi Dci evwoi KvR w`eb|
evsjv`ki mswZZ C` I `yMvc~Rv `ywU agxq
Drme| G `ywU Drme wKfve cvwievwiK RxebK
cfvweZ Ki Gi Dci evwoi KvR w`eb|
g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
(Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
`yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
hgb-
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR
Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK
eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv
Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| G mKj
cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck
mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb
i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv
Ki cYxZ ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
55
cg Aavq: mgvR wki eo IVv
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. mgvR KvVvgvi aviYv I
evsjv`ki mgvR KvVvgv evLv
KiZ cvie|
2. mgvR KvVvgvi Dcv`vbmg~n evLv
KiZ cvie|
3. mvgvwRKxKiY cwqvi aviYv
evLv KiZ cvie|
4. mgvR Rxeb mvgvwRKxKiYi
cfve evLv KiZ cvie|
5. mvgvwRKxKiYi gvag I Gi
iZ eYbv KiZ cvie| hgb -
cwievi
cwZekx
we`vjq
Ljv I covi mvw_
agxq cwZvb
webv`b mswk cwZvb
MYgvag
Abvb
gbvcwkR
6. mvgvwRKxKiYi gvagmg~ni
ZvwjKv Zwi KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
7. mvgvwRKxKiYi gvag gvbweK I
mvgvwRK Yvewj i Ki
cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK mK
Dbqbi hvMZv ARb Kie|
(8 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv
mgvR KvVvgv wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV
evsjv`ki mgvR AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve
KvVvgv DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi DcKiY
mgvR KvVvgvi Dcv`vb cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcmy ARbi
mvgvwRKxKiY cwqv
j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb|G
mgvR Rxeb
mvgvwRKxKiYi cfve hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK
cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ eenvi
mvgvwRKxKiYi gvag
Kieb|
hgb- cwievi, cwZekx,
we`vjq Ljv I covi wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ nq
mv_x, agxq cwZvb, kwYZ Ggb `jxq KvR, ck Ges evwoi KvR
w`eb| hgb- Zvgiv h mgvR KvVvgvi ga
webv`b mswk cwZvb
I MYgvag| emevm KiQ Zvi Dcv`vbmg~n wPwZ Ki|
mgvR Zvgiv h f~wgKv cvjb KiQ Zvi GKwU PvU
Zwi Ki Ges G f~wgKvi gvag wKfve mK
mw nq Zv evLvi Dci evwoi KvR w`eb|
cwievi GKwU wki mvgvwRKiY cwqv QKi
gvag `Lvbvi Dci kwYi KvR w`eb|
wki my`i AvPiY MVb cwievii m`mi f~wgKv
Kgb nIqv DwPZ ej gb Ki Gi Ici `jxq
KvR w`eb|
wki eo IVvq Ljvi mv_x I covi mv_xi f~~wgKv
wPwZ Kivi Ici evwoi KvR w`eb|
wki eo IVvq agxq cwZvb I webv`bg~jK
cwZvbi f~wgKv wPwZ Kivi Dci `jxq KvR
w`eb|
g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
wkLbdj wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
(Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
`yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
hgb-
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb
KvR Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb
wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv
Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| G mKj
cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck
mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb
i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv
Ki cYxZ ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 56

l Aavq: evsjv`ki A_bxwZ (8 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. evsjv`ki RbMYi A_bwZK
Rxebaviv eYbv KiZ cvie|
2. Mvg I knii A_bwZK KvR
eYbv KiZ cvie|
3. kni I Mvgi A_bwZi Zzjbv
KiZ cvie|
4. evsjv`ki A_bxwZi cavb cavb evsjv`ki A_bwZK
LvZi eYbv KiZ cvie|
5. evsjv`ki A_bwZK Dbqbi Dbqbi c~ekZ : ` Rbkw
iZ Dcjw KiZ cvie|
6. evsjv`ki A_bwZK Dbqbi
mvebv evLv KiZ cvie|
7. evsjv`ki RbmsLv wKfve
m` nZ cvi Zv evLv KiZ
cvie|
AveMxq
8. evsjv`ki A_bwZK Kvhvewj
mK mPZb ne Ges wbRK
` m` cwiYZ KiZ Dz
ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv
evsjv`ki gvbyli wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV AvKlYxq
A_bwZK Rxebaviv KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve DcKiY,
MvgxY I knyii gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi DcKiY cfwZ eenvi
A_bwZK eev Kieb|
evsjv`ki A_bxwZi wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi j
LvZmg~n wkv_x Kw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G hgb-
AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv,
evsjv`ki A_bwZK
Dbqb cvR cwZ cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ nq
Dbqbi mvebv Ggb `jxq KvR, ck Ges evwoi KvR w`eb|
hgb- Zvgvi wbR GjvKvi gvbyli A_bwZK KgKv cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb
wPwZ Ki (kwYi KvR)|
Zvgvi wbR AwfZvq kni I Mvgi A_bwZK
KgKv wPwZ Ki Zzjbv Ki(kwYi KvR)|
evsjv`ki A_bwZK wewfbLvZi iZ wPwZ
Ki(`jxq KvR)|
evsjv`ki A_bwZK Dbqbi mvebvjv wPwZ gvv wbwZ Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV
Ki(`jxq KvR)|
Zvgvi GjvKvi hye mgvRK gvbe m` cwiYZ
Kivi Dcvq mK gZvgZ wjL(evwoi KvR)|
g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
(Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
`yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK
GKvwaK Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb
Kieb| hgb-
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
Ges wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb
Kieb|
GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK
g~jvqb cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag
mv`b Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi
DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb| wcwQq
cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK
cixv Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb|
GmKj cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj
ck mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK
wewfb i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi
`Z) iv Ki cYxZ ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv,AvPvi-eenvi,cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
57
mg Aavq: evsjv`k I evsjv`ki bvMwiK
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. ivi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|
2. evsjv`k Kb GKwU iv Zv evLv
KiZ cvie|
3. bvMwiK I bvMwiKZvi aviYv evLv
KiZ cvie|
4. evsjv`k bMwiKZv ARbi
cwZ eYbv KiZ cvie|
5. cw_exi KqKwU `ki h_v:
fviZ, AvgwiKv, Awjqv,
KvbvWvi bvMwiKZv ARbi cwZ
mK eYbv KiZ cvie|
6. wewfb `k bvMwiKZv ARb
cwZi Zzjbv KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
7. `ki Dbqb bvMwiKi mwq
f~wgKvi iZ Dcjw Kie|
Ag Aavq: wek fMvwjK cwigj evsjv`k
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(8 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb wkLbdj
ivi aviYv AvKlYxqKiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb (Formative)
iv wnme evsjv`k DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi I P~ov (Summative)- G `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
bvMwiKi aviYv DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb| MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
bvMwiKZvi aviYv wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
hgb-
bvMwiKZv ARbi cwZ j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK
evsjv`kmn KqKwU cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ
`ki mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
eenvi Kieb| Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
bvMwiKZv ARbi cwZ
(evsjv`k, AvgwiKv, wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb
fviZ, Awjqv I nq Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR, ck Ges evwoi Ges wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb
KvbvWv) KvR w`eb| hgb- Kieb|
XvKv I jbK iv ejv hve wKbv mncvVx`i GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
`ki Dbqb bvMwiKi MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
mv_ `jMZ AvjvPbv Ki|
f~wgKv cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
Zvgvi evev `yeQi wmvcyi PvKwi KiQb |
ZzwgI Zvgvi evev-gvi mv_ mLvb emevm KiQ Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv
wbwZ Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj
| Zzwg wK m `ki bvMwiK ne?
g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i
wg: ivwKe AvgwiKvq Avwqfve emevm Kib| Rb wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
mLvb Zv`i GKwU mvb njv| evsjv`ki
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv
wbqg Abyhvqx mvbwU Kvb `ki bvMwiK ne Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| G mKj
Ges Kb? AvgwiKvi wbqgvbymvi Zvi bvMwiKZ cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck
Kx ne? mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i
mvjgv ckvq GKRb ` KwDUvi wekl| (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki
m evsjv`kB _vK| Ze m DP `Zvmb cYxZ ne|
GKRb ew wnme Awjqvi bvMwiKZ ARb wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi Rb
KiZ Pvb| Kvb cwqvq wZwb GwU KiZ welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i wbqgvbyewZZv,
cvib? AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv, mnhvwMZvi
gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi AvIZvq
Avbeb|
(7 wcwiqW)
58
 wkLbdj
eywexq
1. Gwkqv gnv`ki fMvwjK
Aevb, AvqZb , RbmsLv,
f~cKwZ I Rjevqy, A_bxwZ, ag
evLv KiZ cvie|
2. cw_exi wewfb gnvmvMii Aevb I
iZ eYbv KiZ cvie|
3. wek fMvwjK cwigj Gwkqv
gnv`ki Aevb I Gwkqv
gnv`k evsjv`ki Aevb evLv
KiZ cvie|
4. wewfb gnvmvMii Aevb evLv
KiZ cvie|
5. gnvmvMijvi iZ weklY KiZ
cvie|
gbvcwkR
6. gvbwP Ab Ki Gwkqv gnv`k
evsjv`ki Aevb wb`k KiZ
cvie|
beg Aavq: evsjv`ki RbmsLv cwiwPwZ
RvZxq wkvg 2012
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
Gwkqv gnv`ki cwiPq wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
wek cwigj Gwkqv gnv`k AvKlYxqKiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve wkLbdj wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
I Gwkqv gnv`k DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi DcKiY (Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
evsjv`ki Aevb cfwZ eenvi Kieb| `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
gnvmvMijvi Aevb I wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK
j wkv_x Kw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G GKvwaK Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb
iZ
hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK Kieb| hgb-
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ eenvi
cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
Kieb| mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
nq Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb
w`eb| Ges wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb
hgb- Kieb|
Gwkqv gnv`ki A_bxwZi LvZ wPwZ Ki| GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
wek gvbwP evsjv`ki Aevb wPwZ Ki| MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
wewfb gnvmvMii AvqZb, Aevbi GKwU cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
PvU Zwi Ki| Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv
wbwZ Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj
g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i
Rb wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK
cixv Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb|
GmKj cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj
ck mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK
wewfb i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi
`Z) iv Ki cYxZ ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-
cwiQbZv, mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw`
w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi AvIZvq Avbeb|
(8 wcwiqW)
59
 wkLbdj
eywexq
1. RbwgwZK aviYv evLv KiZ
cvie|
2. evsjv`ki RbmsLv cwieZbi
cfve weviKvix Dcv`vbmg~n h_v-
Rb gZz, vbviMgb, weevn I
mvgvwRK MwZkxjZv evLv KiZ
cvie|
3. Rb gZz I vbviMgb mwKZ
ZviZgi KviY I cfve eYbv KiZ
cvie|
gbvckxR
4. RbmsLv Z_i Dcvcb
msLvZvwK Kkj cqvM KiZ
cvie|
`kg Aavq: evsjv`ki cwiekMZ mgmv
wkLbdj
RvZxq wkvg 2012
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv
RbwgwZK aviYv wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV AvKlYxq
RbmsLv cwieZbi cfve KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve DcKiY ,gvbwP,
weviKvix Dcv`vb cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
Rb gZz I vbviMgbi KviY wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi j
I cfve wkv_x Kw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb|G hgb-
AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv,
cvR cwZ cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ nq
Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR w`eb|
hgb-
RbwgwZ Kx Kx welq wbq AvjvPbv Ki|
evsjv`ki Rbnvi evojB RbmsLv mgmv
mgvavbi mwVK cwiKbv Kiv me - `jxq
AvjvPbvi gvag hyw Dcvcb Ki|
RbmsLv cwieZbi mv_ Rbnvi I gZynvi
mwKZ - hyw `vI |
evsjv`ki Rbnvi ewi g~j KviY wPwZ Ki|
(6 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv
g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
(Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G `yfve
g~jvqb Kieb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
hgb-
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ cixv
MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK mRbkxj I
ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i cheY
Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges wbw`
wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR
Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK
eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv
Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj
cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck
mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i
(vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Z) iv Ki
cYxZ ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi Rb
welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i wbqgvbyewZZv,
AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv, mnhvwMZvi
gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi AvIZvq
Avbeb|
g~jvqb wb`kbv
60
 eywexq
1. cwieki mv_ gvbyli cviwiK cwiek I gvbyli
mK evLv KiZ cvie |
2. cwiekMZ mgmvi KviY (evqy ,
k, cvwb, I gvwU `~lY, Rjvf~wg
asm, cvnvo KZb, ewi mgmv,
RxeewP wejy nIqv,
cwiekMZ Dv)|
3. Gme mgmvi cfve weklY KiZ
cvie|
4. evsjv`ki cwiekMZ mgmvi
cwZiva I wbqY KiYxq mK
eYbv KiZ cvie|
mgmv mgvavb
5. cwiekMZ mgmvi Dci cwZe`b
Zwi KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
6. cwiek welq mPZb ne|
GKv`k Aavq: evsjv`k wk AwaKvi
RvZxq wkvg 2012
wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
cviwiK mK eve DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi (Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb| `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
cwiekMZ mgmvmg~ni KviY wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
j wkv_x Kw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb|G Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
cwiekMZ mgmvmg~ni
hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK hgb-
cfve| cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
cwiekMZ mgmvi cwZiva I cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ
cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
wbqY eenvi Kieb| mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
nq Ggb kwYi KvR,`jxq KvR Ges evwoi cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
KvR w`eb| hgb- wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
cwieki mv_ gvbyli cviwiK mKi GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
jv wPwZ Ki| MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
Zvgvi GjvKvq wewfb Drmi cvwb wKfve cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
`~wlZ nQ ? Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
evqy `~lY ivai KqKwU c`c wjL| Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb
KvR Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb
wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv
Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj
cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck
mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb
i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv
Ki cYxZ ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
(11 wcwiqW)
61
 wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
eywexq wk AwaKvii aviYv I wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
1. wk AwaKvi aviYvwU evLv KiZ RvwZmN NvwlZ wk wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wkLbdj wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
cvie| AwaKvi mb` Abyhvqx wk AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve (Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
2. RvwZmN NvwlZ wk AwaKvi AwaKvimg~n DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi DcKiY `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
mb` Abyhvqx wk AwaKvimg~n evsjv`k wk cfwZ eenvi Kieb| MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
eYbv KiZ cvie Ges evsjv`k AwaKvii cwiwwZ wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
wk AwaKvii eveZv Zzj aiZ wk AwaKvii Dci j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb|G hgb-
cvie| hgb-AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK cwZ, cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
Abymvbg~jK cwZe`b cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
3. wk AwaKvii Dci Abymvbg~jK cZ gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ eenvi
mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
cwZe`b Zwi KiZ cvie| Kieb| Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
AveMxq wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ nq cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
4. wk AwaKvi msiY mPZb ne Ggb `jxq kwYi, KvR Ges evwoi KvR w`eb| wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
Ges Ab wki AwaKvi ivi cwZ hgb- GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
mPZb ne| QKi DcvwcZ AwaKvijv fvM Kivi MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
(fvM Kiv/ Kwibv/AvswkK Kwi) `jxqfve cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
Zvgv`i `ji m`m`i gZ cKvk Ki weklY Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv
Ki| wbwZ Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj
g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i
AwaKvimg~n
Rb wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
Aeva gZvgZ cKvki ^vaxbZv
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv
^vaxbfve fve cKvk Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| G mKj
wPv, weeK I agxq ^vaxbZv cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck
mNe nevi Ges kvwc~Y mgveki mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb
^vaxbZv i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv
wbR^ MvcbxqZv ivi AwaKvi Ki cYxZ ne|
Aeva Z_ cvwi wbqZv wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Kvb Kvb Z_ Rvbvi AwaKvi wki iqQ Zv Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wPwZ Ki| wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|

v`k Aavq: wki eo IVvq cwZeKZv (7 wcwiqW)

RvZxq wkvg 2012 62

 wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
eywexq wece kgRxex wk| dvwii gvwjK c _K m wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
1. wk kgi aviYv evLv KiZ Kvb Kvb AwaKvi ewZ nZ cvi, wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
cvie| wk kgi aviYv , KviY I Zvgvi AwfZvq eYbv Ki| (Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
2. wk kgi KviY I cfve weklY cfve Zvgvi GjvKvi wk AwaKvi cwiwwZ wbR `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
KiZ cvie| wk wbhvZbi cKwZ, KviY AwfZvi AvjvK evLv Ki| MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
3. evsjv`k wk wbhvZbi cKwZ I cfve Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
evLv KiZ cvie| cwZgv kvgj`i evoxi GKwU kgRxex wk| hgb-
kgRxex wki cwZ Avgv`i mKvj nZ ivZ Aewa KvRI Ki Avevi bvbv cvV PjvKvwjb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
4. evsjv`k wk wbhvZbi KviY I gbvfve

cfve weklY KiZ cvie| aibi AZvPviI mn KiZ nq ZvK| G cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
wkwUi cwZ Gnb AZvPvii KviY I cfve mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
5. kgRxex wki cwZ Avgv`i
wPwZ Ki| Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
gbvfve Kx nIqv DwPZ Zv eYbv
cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
KiZ cvie| Mn cwiek GKwU kgRxex wki myzfve eo wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
6. wk cvPvii KviY weklY KiZ IVvi Zzwg wKfve mnvqZv KiZ cvi? GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
cvie| MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
7. wk cvPvii Kkj evLv Ges cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
wZKi w`K weklY KiZ Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv
cvie| wbwZ Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj
8. wk cvPvii cwZiva Dcvq g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i
mK evLv KiZ cvie| Rb wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
AveMxq P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv
9. kgRxex wki AwaKvi I Abvb Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| G mKj
welq mPZb ne| cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck
mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb
i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv
Ki cYxZ ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|

Gqv`k Aavq: AvwjK mnhvwMZv I mxwZ (6 wcwiqW)

RvZxq wkvg 2012 63

 wkLbdj
eywexq
1. AvwjK mnhvwMZvi iZ evLv
KiZ cvie|
2. GKB Ajfz wewfb `ki ga
mnhvwMZvi DjL KiZ
cvie|
3. weki DjLhvM AvwjK
mnhvMx msvi MVb Ges Kvhg
eYbv KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
4. wewfb `ki iv I RbMYi
ga cviwiK mxwZ,
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
AvwjK mnhvwMZvi iZ wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
AvwjK mnhvwMZvi AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, (Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
eve DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
weki DjLhvM AvwjK
mnhvMx msv Zwi DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb| MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
mvKi MVb, Dk I wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ hgb-
Kvhg ARbi j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
Kieb| G hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
AskMnYg~jK cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
cwZ cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
weKwkZ nq Ggb kwYi I `jxq KvR Ges GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
evwoi KvR w`eb| hgb- MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb

mnhvwMZv, mnv`, vZZeva AvwjK mnhvwMZvi gvag wewfb
`k wKfve DcKZ nZ cvi|
Zwi ne|
mvKi mvwZK KvRi Dci GKwU
cwZe`b cyZ Ki|
cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv
wbwZ Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj
g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i
Rb wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv
Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| G mKj
cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck
mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb
i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv
Ki cYxZ ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 64

 7. wkvg QK
mg kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 65

c_g Aavq: evsjv`ki ^vaxbZv msMvg
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. iv fvlv Av`vjbi KviY eYbv
KiZ cvie|
2. iv fvlv Av`vjbi NUbv eYbv
KiZ cvie|
3. iv fvlv Av`vjbi Zvrch
weklY KiZ cvie|
4. hydUi gvag evOvwji ARbi
eYbv KiZ cvie|
5. 6 `dv Av`vjb mK eYbv
KiZ cvie|
6. HwZnvwmK AvMiZjv gvgjvi
welqwU evLv KiZ cvie|
7. Dbmii MYAfyvbi KviY
eYbv KiZ cvie|
8. Dbmii MYAfyvbi NUbv I
iyZ eYbv KiZ cvie|
9. 1970 mvji wbevPb evOvwji
wbizk weRq mK eYbv KiZ
cvie|
10. c~e I cwg cvwKvbi ga
wewfb h elg Kiv nqwQj
Zv evLv KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
11. `kcg, RvZxqZveva, elgnxb
mgvR, mc`vqmg~ni ga
mcxwZ I MYZvwK PZbvq
DxweZ ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(11 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv
ivfvlv Av`vjb wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV
hydU AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve
Dbmii DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi
MYAfyvb DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
1970 mvji wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi
wbevPb j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G
c~e I cwg hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK
cvwKvbi elg cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ
eenvi Kieb|
wkK wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv
weKwkZ nq Ggb kwYi, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR
w`eb| hgb-
ivfvlv Av`vjbi KviYjv wPwZ Ki|
fvlv Av`vjbi djvdj wPwZ Ki|
hydUi kwiK `j I Kgm~wPjvi bvg wjL|
gymwjg jxMi civRq I hydUi Rqi
KviYjvi c_K c_K QK ZvwjKv Zwi Ki|
Qq `dv Av`vjbi `dv QqwU wPwZ Ki|
GMvi `dvi Av`vjbi `dvjv wPwZ Ki|
1970 mvji wbevPb AskMnYKvix `jjv
wPwZ Ki|
1970 mvji wbevPbi djvdj wjL|
c~e I cwg cvwKvbi ga elgi jv
wPwZ Kiv|
c~e I cwg cvwKvbi ga A_bwZK I
mvswZK elgi jv wPwZ Ki|
g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb wkLbdj
wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb (Formative) I
P~ov (Summative)- G `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme kwY Afxv, kwYi
KvR, evwoi KvR, `jMZ KvR I ckvi BZvw`
wkv_x`i viv mv`b Kieb| GKvwaK Kkj cqvM
Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb| hgb-
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ cixv MnY
I b^i c`vb|
Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i cheY
Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges wbw` wbYvqKi
wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i ck Kieb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb cwqv|
GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b Kieb| wkv_x`i
wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV
DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb| wcwQq cov
wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv Ges
GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| G mKj cixvq
ewbevPwb, msw I iPbvg~jK ck mwbewkZ Kieb|
ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I
DPZi `Zv) iv Ki cYxZ ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi Rb
welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i wbqgvbyewZZv,
AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv, mnhvwMZvi gbvfve
BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi AvIZvq Avbeb|
66
wZxq Aavq: evsjv`ki mvswZK ewP (8 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
eywexq evsjv`ki mvswZK wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb wkLbdj
1. ag, fvlv I mc`vq wePvi ewPi aviYv AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb (Formative) I
evsjv`ki mswZ Kgb Zv evsjv`ki Mvg I knii eve DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi P~ov (Summative)- G `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
evLv KiZ cvie| mswZ Zwi DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb| MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme kwY Afxv, kwYi
2. G`ki bvbv mc`vqi gvbyli evsjv`ki jvK mswZ KvR, evwoi KvR, `jMZ KvR I ckvi BZvw`
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~
ga mvswZK h ewP I Gi wewfb Dcv`vb wkv_x`i viv mv`b Kieb| GKvwaK Kkj
iqQ Zv eYbv KiZ cvie| ARbi j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb| hgb-
evsjv`ki b-Mvxi Kieb| G hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ,
3. evsjv`ki MvgxY I ki mswZ cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ cixv
mswZ AskMnYg~jK cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR
mK eYbv KiZ cvie| MnY I b^i c`vb|
4. evsjv`ki jvK mswZ I Gi RvZxq mswZ I jvK cwZ cfwZ eenvi Kieb| Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i cheY
Dcv`vb mK eYbv KiZ mswZi mK wkK wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges wbw` wbYvqKi
cvie| weKwkZ nq Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
5. evsjv`ki b-Mvxi mvswZK evwoi KvR w`eb| hgb- GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i ck Kieb|
Rxeb mK eYbv KiZ cvie| gymwjg agxq mswZjv wPwZ Ki| MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
6. RvZxq mswZ I jvK mswZi wewfb agxq mswZi wgjjv wPwZ Ki| cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b Kieb|
cviwiK mK evLv KiZ Zvgvi MvgxY Rxebi mvgvwRK I A_bxwZ wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ Kivi Rb
cvie| mswk mswZjv wPwZ Ki| cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb|
AveMxq MvgxY I kni Avb` I webv`bwfwK mswZi wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
7. wbR mswZ wbq Meeva Kie| Zzjbv Ki| P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv Ges
Zvgv`i cvwievwiK Rxeb eeZ wRwbmci GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj cixvq
ga _K jvK mvswZi Dcv`vb wPwZ Ki| ewbevPwb, msw I iPbvg~jK ck mwbewkZ
Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb,
eMZ I AeMZ jvK mswZi Zzjbv Ki |
Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki cYxZ
b-RvwZ Mvxi mvswZK ewk wPwZ Ki| ne|
b-RvwZ Mvxi mswZ ewPc~Y -- hyw w`q
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi Rb
cgvY Ki|
welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i wbqgvbyewZZv,
RvZxq I jvK mswZi cv_K wPwZ Ki| AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv, mnhvwMZvi gbvfve
BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi AvIZvq Avbeb|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 67

ZZxq Aavq: cwievi wki eo IVv
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. cwievii aviYv I wewfb aib
mK evLv KiZ cvie| knii cwievi
2. evsjv`ki Mvg I knii
cwievii ga Zzjbv KiZ
cvie|
3. wki mvgvwRKxKiY cwieZbkxj
cwievii f~wgKv weklY KiZ
cvie|
4. wki mvgvwRKxKiY cwievii
m`m`i f~wgKv eYbv KiZ
cvie Ges cviwiK mKi
iZ evLv KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
5. gvbweK I mvgvwRK Yvewj i
Ki cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK mK
Dbqbi hvMZv ARb Kie Ges
kLjvc~Y AvPiY Dy ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(6 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
cwievii aviYv I aib wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb wkLbdj
evsjv`k Mvg I AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb (Formative) I
eve DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi P~ov (Summative)- G `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
cwieZbkxj cwievi I Zwi DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb| MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme kwY Afxv, kwYi
mvgvwRKxKiY KvR, evwoi KvR, `jMZ KvR I ckvi BZvw`
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~
wkv_x`i viv mv`b Kieb| GKvwaK Kkj
wki mvgvwRKxKiY I ARbi j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb| hgb-
cwievii m`m I Kieb| G hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ cixv
Zv`i cviwiK AskMnYg~jK cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR MnY I b^i c`vb|
mKi f~wgKv cwZ cfwZ eenvi Kieb| Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i cheY
wkK wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges wbw` wbYvqKi
weKwkZ nq Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
evwoi KvR w`eb| hgb- GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i ck Kieb|
ewki wfwZ cwievii aibi GKwU QK MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
Zwi Ki| cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b Kieb|
cwievii aib wPwZ Ki| kvgjvj I wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ Kivi Rb
cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb|
kvgjxi weq nq| weqi ci kvgjvj Zvi
wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
xK wbq Zvi evevi evwoZ msmvi i
Kij| P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv Ges
GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj cixvq
wki mvgvwRKxKiY cwieZbkxj cwievii
ewbevPwb, msw I iPbvg~jK ck mwbewkZ
f~wgKv wPwZ Ki|
Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb,
wki mvgvwRKxKiY cwieZbkxj cwievii Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Z) iv Ki cYxZ ne|
f~wgKvi cfve wPwZ Ki| wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi Rb
Zvgv`i wbR`i mvgvwRKxKiY wcZv I welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i wbqgvbyewZZv,
AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv, mnhvwMZvi gbvfve
gvZvi f~wgKv wPwZ Ki|
BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi AvIZvq Avbeb|
cwievii m`m`i f~wgKvi mg^qB wki
myz mvgvwRKxKiYi Dcvq --`jxq
AvjvPbvq hyw c`kb Ki|
68
PZz_ Aavq: evsjv`ki A_bxwZ
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. AbvbyvwbK A_bwZK Kvhvewji
weeiY w`Z cvie|
2. evsjv`ki Mvgi AbvbyvwbK
A_bwZK KvRi wevi evLv KiZ
cvie|
3. kni AbvbyvwbK KvRi wP Zzj
aiZ cvie|
4. RvZxq A_bxwZZ AbvbyvwbK KvRi
iZ Dcjw KiZ cvie|
5. evsjv`ki wki cKvif` mK
weeiY w`Z cvie|
6. wkmg~ni Ae`vb wbYq KiZ
cvie|
7. evsjv`ki A_bxwZZ wki fwelr
mvebv mK aviYv KiZ cvie|
8. evsjv`ki cavb cavb Avg`vwb I
ivwb cYi weeiY w`Z cvie|
9. Avg`vwb I ivwbi iZ Dcjw
KiZ cvie|
10. cwqvRvZ wk evLv KiZ cvie|
11. evsjv`k KwlcY cwqvRvZKiYi
eYbv w`Z cvie|
12. KwlcY cwqvRvZKiYi mgmv I
KiYxq evLv KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
13. Mvg I knii AbvbyvwbK A_bwZK
Kvhvewji iZ Dcjw Kie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(7 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
evsjv`ki Mvg I wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb wkLbdj
knii AbvbyvwbK AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb (Formative) I
A_bwZK Kvhvewj eve DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi P~ov (Summative)- G `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
evsjv`ki Zwi DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb| MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme kwY Afxv, kwYi
A_bxwZZ wki KvR, evwoi KvR, `jMZ KvR I ckvi BZvw`
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~
Ae`vb wkv_x`i viv mv`b Kieb| GKvwaK Kkj
ARbi j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb| hgb-
evsjv`ki Avg`vwb Kieb| G hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ,
I ivwb cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ cixv
AskMnYg~jK cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR MnY I b^i c`vb|
Kwl cY cwZ cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i cheY
cwqvRvZKiY wk
wkK my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ nq Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges wbw`
Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
w`eb| hgb- GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i ck Kieb|
Zvgvi GjvKvi AbvbyvwbK h Kvbv GKwU MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
KvRi weeiY Zyj ai| A_bxwZZ Gi iZ cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b Kieb|
KZLvwb Zv wPwZ Ki| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ Kivi Rb
AvbyvwbK KvRi GKwU `xN ZvwjKv Ki| G cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb|
KvRjv RvZxq A_bxwZZ Kgb Ae`vb ivL wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK eev
Zv wPwZ Ki| wbeb|
h Kvbv GK aibi wki GKwU ZvwjKv P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv
cYqb Ki evsjv`ki A_bxwZZ Gjvi Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj
iZ eYbv Ki| cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I iPbvg~jK ck
mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i
evsjv`k wki fwelr mK Zvgvi
AwfgZ evLv Ki| (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki
evsjv`ki Avg`vwb I ivwbRvZ cY mvgMxi cYxZ ne|
ZvwjKv Zwi Ki| wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi Rb
KwlcY cwqvRvZKiY wkjv wPwZ Ki| welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i wbqgvbyewZZv,
KwlcY cwqvRvZKiY wki mgmvjv AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv, mnhvwMZvi
wPwZ Ki| gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi AvIZvq Avbeb|
69
cg Aavq: evsjv`k I evsjv`ki bvMwiK
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. mybvMwiKi Yvewj Rvbe Ges
Gjv ARb mPZb ne|
2. evsjv`k mybvMwiKi
cwZeKZvjv eYbv KiZ
cvie Ges cwZeKZvjv
`~ixKiY Dy ne|
3. evsjv`ki Av_-mvgvwRK Dbqb
mybvMwiKi iZ Dcjw Kie|
AveMxq
4. bvMwiK AwaKvi mgybZ ivLvi
Ges vwqZ cvjbi Kgm~wPZ
AskMnYi gbvfve ARb Kie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(6 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
mybvMwiKi Yvewj wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV AvKlYxq wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb wkLbdj
evsjv`k KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve DcKiY, wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb (Formative) I
mybvMwiKi gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi DcKiY cfwZ P~ov (Summative)- G `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
cwZeKZv eenvi Kieb| MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme kwY Afxv, kwYi
evsjv`ki Av_- wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi j KvR, evwoi KvR, `jMZ KvR I ckvi BZvw`
wkv_x`i viv mv`b Kieb| GKvwaK Kkj
mvgvwRK Dbqb wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G hgb-
AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb| hgb-
mybvMwiKi iZ
cvR cwZ cfwZ eenvi Kieb| cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ cixv
bvMwiKi AwaKvi
MnY I b^i c`vb|
ARb I `vwqZ cvjb wkK wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ nq
Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR w`eb| Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i cheY
Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges wbw`
hgb-
wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
evW QK Ki KvbwU mybvMwiKi Kvb YK wb`k
GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i ck Kieb|
Ki I wKfve DjL KiZ ejeb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
`ki fwelr bvMwiK wnme mybvMwiKZv ARbi cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b Kieb|
KqKwU Dcvq wPwZ Ki Ges cZK wbR LvZvq wjL| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ Kivi Rb
mevi wPv GKmv_ wgwjq GKwU mwwjZ ZvwjKv Zwi cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb|
Ki| GKwU cvvi ccvi cqUjv wjL kwYi mvgb wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK eev
Szwjq `vI| Kvki duvK duvK cvvi PvL eyjvI I m wbeb|
Abyhvqx wbRK fwelZi Rb cZ Ki| P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv
evsjv`ki KqKwU cavb Av_-mvgvwRK mgmv `Iqv Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj
njv| fe `L mybvMwiK wKfve wbR Yi mvnvh cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I iPbvg~jK ck
Gme mgmvi mgvavb KiZ cvi? D`vniY wnme GKwU mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i
Ki `Iqv njv| evwKjv wbR wbR Ki| (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki
wKfve bvMwiK wnme Zzwg Zvgvi KZe cvjb Kie m cYxZ ne|
mK GKwU Kg cwiKbv Zwi Ki I kwYZ Dcvcb
Ki| wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi Rb
welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i wbqgvbyewZZv,
AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv, mnhvwMZvi
gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi AvIZvq Avbeb|
70
l Aavq: evsjv`ki wbevPb eev
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. wbevPbi aviYv I cqvRbxqZv evLv
KiZ cvie|
2. MYZvwK cwqvi Ask wnme wbevPbi
cqvRbxqZv evLv KiZ cvie|
3. wbevPb cwZ eYbv KiZ cvie|
4. evsjv`ki RvZxq I vbxq chvq
AbywZ wbevPb cwqv DjL KiZ
cvie|
5. evsjv`ki wbevPb eevi ewk eYbv
KiZ cvie|
6. mKj wbevPb Dchy RbcwZwbwa wbevPb
I mwVKfve fvU c`vbi iZ evLv
KiZ cvie|
7. evsjv`k wbevPb cwiPvjbv cwZ cKvk
Ki PvU Ab KiZ cvie|
8. miKvii myz cwiPvjbvq Dchy wbevPbi
iZ eySe|
9. wbevPb Kwgkbi MnxZ wewfb Kvhg
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve `Lve|
10. wbevPwb GjvKv I wbevPwb AvPiYwewa eYbv
KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
11. fvUvwaKvi cqvMi wbqg Rvbe Ges Zv
AbymiY mPZb ne|
mgmv mgvavb
12. evsjv`ki vbxq chvq wbevPbi Dci
cwZe`b Zwi KiZ cvie|
gbvcwkR
13. evsjv`ki wbevPb cwiPvjbv cwZmg~n
cKvk Ki PvU Ab KiZ cvie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(11 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
wbevPbi aviYv, wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV AvKlYxq KiY wkLbdj wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
iZ I cwZ wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve DcKiY, gvbwP, (Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
evsjv`ki cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb| `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
RvZxq I vbxq wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi j MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme kwY Afxv,
chvq wbevPb wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G hgb- kwYi KvR, evwoi KvR, `jMZ KvR I ckvi
cwqv AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, BZvw` wkv_x`i viv mv`b Kieb| GKvwaK
evsjv`ki cvR cwZ cfwZ eenvi Kieb| Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
wbevPb eevi wkK wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ nq hgb-
ewk I Dchy Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR w`eb| cvV PjvKvwjb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
RbcwZwbwa hgb- cixv MnY I b^i c`vb|
wbevPbi iZ Zvgvi `Lv h Kvbv GKwU wbevPbi Dci GK cvZvi Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
GKwU msw cwZe`b wjL| cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
wbevPb Kwgkb,
cZ I civ wbevPbi cv_K QKi mvnvh `LvI| wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
wbevPwb GjvKv,
Zvgv`i kwYZ cZ I civ wbevPbi gvag
wbevPwb GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i ck Kieb|
kwYbZv wbevPb Kivi cwqv Abykxjb Ki|
AvPiYwewa Zvgvi wbR GjvKvq AbywZ nqQ ev ne G aibi MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
fvU I GKwU vbxq chvhi wbevPb chvjvPbv Ki ckjvi Di cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
fvUvwaKvi `vI| 1) wbevPbi bvg; 2) c`i bvg; 3) cv_x msLv I
Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb
cqvM Ges 4) djvdj|
KvR Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb
wbevPwb Zzwg wK gb Ki evsjv`ki bvMwiKiv wbevPb weeK
cwZwZvi wbqg weePbvi mvnvh fvU `q I Dchy cwZwbwa wbevPb Ki? wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv
G mK Zvgvi g~jvqb msc DjL Ki Ges Kx Kiv
Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj
DwPZ m mK `yB/wZbwU mycvwik wjL|
cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I iPbvg~jK ck
wbevPbi mgq Zvgvi GjvKvi jvKRb wbevPwb AvPiYwewa
KZUv AbymiY Ki m mK GKwU Abymvbg~jK mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb
cwZe`b Zwi Ki| i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv
mwVKfve fvUvwaKvi cqvM KiZ nj Kvb Kvb welq Ki cYxZ ne|
Lqvj ivLZ ne `jxqfve AvjvPbv Ki I welqjv wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
cqU AvKvi wjL kwYZ Dcvcb Ki| Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
mwVKfve fvUvwaKvi cqvM mK mPZbZv mwZ wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
RbmshvM Ki| mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
71
mg Aavq: evsjv`ki Rjevqy
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. evsjv`ki Rjevqyi cKwZ evLv
KiZ cvie|
2. evsjv`ki Rjevqy cwieZbi
KviY evLv KiZ cvie|
3. Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ KviY wewfb
`yhvM hgb- N~wYSo I RjvQvm,
ebv, b`xfvb, Liv, kZcevn,
UbWv, KvjekvLx cfwZ evLv
KiZ cvie|
4. evsjv`ki Av_-mvgvwRK
Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve eYbv
KiZ cvie|
5. Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ cwiwwZ
gvKvejvq KiYxq evLv KiZ
cvie Ges mPZbZv ew cve|
gbvcwkR
6. Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ cwiwwZ
gvKvejv Kie|
AveMxq
7. evsjv`ki Rjevqy cwieZb
mPZbZv ew cve|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(9 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb wkLbdj
evsjv`ki Rjevqyi wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb (Formative) I
cKwZ AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, P~ov (Summative)- G `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
evsjv`ki Rjevqy eve DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme kwY Afxv, kwYi
cwieZbi KviY KvR, evwoi KvR, `jMZ KvR I ckvi BZvw`
DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
wkv_x`i viv mv`b Kieb| GKvwaK Kkj
Rjevqy cwieZb m wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~
cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb| hgb-
`yhvM ARbi j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ cixv
Av_-mvgvwRK Kieb| G hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ,
MnY I b^i c`vb|
Rjevqy cwieZbi AskMnYg~jK cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR
Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i cheY
cfve cwZ cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges wbw`
Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ wkK wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
cwiwwZ gvKvejv weKwkZ nq Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i ck Kieb|
evwoi KvR w`eb| hgb- MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
evsjv`k fMvwjK Aevbi w`K w`q `yhvM cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b Kieb|
ceY Aj- `jxq AvjvPbvi gvag hyw viv wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ Kivi Rb
cgvY Ki| cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb|
wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK eev
evsjv`ki Rjevqyi Dcv`vbMZ w`K w`q Kx wbeb|
`yejZv iqQ wPwZ Ki|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv
Mxb nvDR Mvm ejZ Kvb Kvb MvmK evSvq, Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj
evsjv`k G Mvm ewi KviY wPwZ Ki| cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I iPbvg~jK ck
`wbK cwKvq `yhvMi qwZi Dci cKvwkZ mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i
wewfb cwZe`b msMn Ki GKwU Abymvbg~jK (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki
cwZe`b cZ Ki| cYxZ ne|
QK Abymvi Av_-mvgvwRK Rxebi Dci Rjevqy wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi Rb
cwieZbi cfve wPwZ Ki| welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i wbqgvbyewZZv,
Mxb nvDR Mvm wPwZ Ki Kgvbvi Dcvq wb`k AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv, mnhvwMZvi
Ki| gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi AvIZvq Avbeb|
72
Ag Aavq: evsjv`ki RbmsLv cwiwPwZ
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. evsjv`kmn AvwjK KqKwU
`ki RbmsLvi Zzjbv KiZ
cvie|
2. RbmsLvi cwieZbkxjZvi aviYv
evLv KiZ cvie|
3. evsjv`ki RbmsLvi AfixY
I AvRvwZK vbvii
KviY I djvdj evLv KiZ
cvie|
4. evsjv`k gv I wk gZznvii
KviY I cfve weklY KiZ
cvie|
5. evsjv`k cvKwZK m`i
AvjvK RbmsLv Pvci aviYvwU
evLv KiZ cvie|
6. RbmsLv ewi KviY I cfve
evLv KiZ cvie|
7. evsjv`ki RbmsLv mgmv
mgvavbi iZ I c`c evLv
KiZ cvie|
gbvcwkR
8. evsjv`ki RbmsLv mgmvi
Dci cwZe`b Zwi KiZ
cvie|
AveMxq
9. RbmsLv mgmv mgvavbi iZ
Dcjw Kie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(9 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
evsjv`kmn KwZcq wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV AvKlYxq wkLbdj wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
`ki RbmsLvi KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve DcKiY, (Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
Zzjbv gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi DcKiY cfwZ eenvi `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
RbmsLvi Kieb| MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme kwY Afxv,
cwieZbkxjZv kwYi KvR, evwoi KvR, `jMZ KvR I ckvi
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi j BZvw` wkv_x`i viv mv`b Kieb| GKvwaK
evsjv`ki
wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G hgb- Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
RbmsLvi AfixY AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, hgb-
I AvRvwZK
cvR cwZ cfwZ eenvi Kieb| cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
vbvii KviY I cixv MnY I b^i c`vb|
wkK wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ
djvdj
nq Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR w`eb| Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
evsjv`k gv I wk hgb- cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
gZzi cwiwwZ evsjv`ki wewfb eQii Av`g gvwi Abyhvqx RbmsLv wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
evsjv`k RbmsLv ewi nvii mviwY weklY Ki| GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i ck Kieb|
I cvKwZK m` Zvgvi wbR GjvKvi RbmsLv cwieZbkxjZvi wcQbi MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
evsjv`ki KviYjv wPwZ Ki| cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
RbmsLv ewi weevn, agxq g~jeva Ges DbZ wPwKrmv cwZi KviYB Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
KviY, cfve I RbmsLvi cwieZbkxjZv NU| `jxq AvjvPbvi gvag Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb
mgvavb KvR Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb
welqwUi hywc~Y mgvavb Ki|
wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
AfixY vbvii KviY I cfve wPwZ Ki QK
Dcvcb Ki| P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv
Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj
evsjv`k AvRvwZK vbvii KviY I cfve wPwZ Ki|
cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I iPbvg~jK ck
evsjv`k gvZ gZyi KviY wPwZ Ki| mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb
evsjv`k wk gZzi KviY wPwZ Ki i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv
evsjv`k AwZwi RbmsLvi PvcB LwbR m` Ki cYxZ ne|
wbtkli g~j KviY eewU KZUzKz mg_b Ki| wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
cvKwZK m`i Dci AwZwi RbmsLvi Pvci cfve Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wPwZ Ki| wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
RbmsLv mgmvi KviYjv wPwZ Ki mgvavbi mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
c`c wjL| AvIZvq Avbeb|
73
beg Aavq: evsjv`k bvix AwaKvi
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. evsjv`k bvix AwaKvii
aviYvwU evLv KiZ cvie|
2. mgvR bvixi Aevb I AwaKvi
cwiwwZ weklY KiZ cvie|
3. evsjv`k bvix AwaKvii iZ
eYbv KiZ cvie|
4. evsjv`k bvixi AwaKvimg~n
eYbv KiZ cvie|
5. bvix AwaKvi cwZvq mycvwik ev
c`cmg~n wPwZ KiZ
cvie|
6. bvix AwaKvii cwZ mvgvwRK
`wfw cwieZbi iZ Dcjw
Kie|
mgmvmgvavb
7. bvix AwaKvi weklY mswk
cwZeb Zwi KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
8. bvix AwaKvi hvZ wewNZ bv nq
m welq mPZb ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(6 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv
bvix AwaKvii aviYv wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV
Ges evsjv`ki mgvR AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve
bvixi Aevb DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi DcKiY
evsjv`k bvix cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
AwaKvii iZ I
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi
bvix AwaKvimg~n
j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G
bvix AwaKvi cwZvq hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK
c`cmg~n
cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ eenvi
Kieb|
wkK wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ
nq Gg kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR w`eb|
hgb-
mgvR wewfb bvixi wbg Aevbi KviY wPwZ
Ki|
Zvgvi GjvKvi bvix kwgK`i AwaKvi cwiwwZ
weklY Ki|
Zvgvi cwievi evW/ QK DjwLZ Dcii bvixi
cvc AwaKvii cwZ gv I evbmn Abvb bvix
m`m Kvb Kvb AwaKvi fvM Ki eYbv Ki|
bvix I cyili mgZvKiYi jv wPwZ Ki|
wkv evsjv`k bvix AwaKvi cwiwwZ eYbv Ki|
bvix AwaKvi cwZvq KqKwU Kgm~wP wPwZ Ki|
g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
wkLbdj wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
(Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
`yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme kwY Afxv,
kwYi KvR, evwoi KvR, `jMZ KvR I ckvi
BZvw` wkv_x`i viv mv`b Kieb|
GKvwaK Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb
Kieb| hgb-
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
cixv MnY I b^i c`vb|
Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i ck Kieb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv
wbwZ Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj
g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i
Rb wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK
cixv Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb|
GmKj cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I iPbvg~jK
ck mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK
wewfb i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi
`Zv) iv Ki cYxZ ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
74
`kg Aavq: evsjv`k cexY ewi AwaKvi (8 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
eywexq wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb wkLbdj
1. evsjv`k cexY ewi Aevb eYbv cexY AwaKvii aviYv I wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV AvKlYxq wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb (Formative) I
KiZ cvie| cexY`i AwaKvimg~n KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve DcKiY, P~ov (Summative)- G `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
2. cexY AwaKvii aviYv evLv KiZ cexY`i mgmvmg~n gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi DcKiY cfwZ eenvi MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme kwY Afxv, kwYi
cvie| Abymvbi gvag Kieb| KvR, evwoi KvR, `jMZ KvR I ckvi BZvw`
3. cexY`i AwaKvimg~n eYbv KiZ cexY`i AwaKvii Dci wkv_x`i viv mv`b Kieb| GKvwaK Kkj
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi j cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb| hgb-
cvie| cwZe`b cZ wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G hgb-
evsjv`k cexY KjvY cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ cixv
4. cexY`i mgmvmg~n eYbv KiZ AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, MnY I b^i c`vb|
cvie| Kvhg
cvR cwZ cfwZ eenvi Kieb| Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i cheY
5. cexY`i AwaKvii Dci cwZe`b wkK wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ nq Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges wbw`
cZ KiZ cvie| Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR w`eb| hgb- wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
6. evsjv`k cexY KjvY eYbv KiZ Zvgv`i cwievi cexY gvbylwUi Aevb evLv Ki| GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i ck Kieb|
cvie| Zvgvi cvovZ ev gnjvq cexYiv Kvb Kvb ^vaxbZv MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
AveMxq fvM Ki wPwZ Ki| cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b Kieb|
7. cexY`i AwaKvi hvZ jwNZ bv nq MvgxY cexYiv cvwievwiK Kvb Kvb wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ Kivi Rb
m welq mPZb ne| AskMnYi AwaKvijv fvM Ki wPwZ Ki| cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb|
Zvgvi cwievi ev AvZxq ^Rb`i ga cexYiv cwiPhv wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK eev
mswk Kvb AwaKvijv fvM Ki wbR AwfZvi wbeb|
AvjvK wPwZ Ki| P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv
Zvgvi cwiwPZ Kvbv cexY ewi mgmvjv wPwZ Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj
Ki| cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I iPbvg~jK ck
Zvgvi Mvgi bvix AwaKvii Dci hZzKi cfve : mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i
(vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki
GKwU Abymvbg~jK cwZe`b cZ Ki|
cYxZ ne|
evsjv`k cexY`i KjvY Kvhgjv wPwZ Ki|
cexY KjvY Kx Kx Kvhg MnY Kiv hvq, `jxqfve wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi Rb
welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i wbqgvbyewZZv,
gZvgZ `vI|
AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv, mnhvwMZvi
gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi AvIZvq Avbeb|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 75

GKv`k Aavq: evsjv`ki mvgvwRK mgmv
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. hZyKi aviYv evLv KiZ hZyKi aviYv,KviY I
cvie|
2. hZyKi KviY I cfve weklY hZzK wbiva AvBb
KiZ cvie|
3. hZzK wbiva AvBbi evLv mvgvwRK Av`vjb
KiZ cvie|
4. hZzK cwZiva I mgvavb
mvgvwRK Av`vjbi c`c evjweevni cfve,
eYbv KiZ cvie|
5. evjweevni aviYv evLv KiZ
cvie|
6. evjweevni cfve weklY
KiZ cvie|
7. evjweevn cwZiva KiYxq
mK evLv KiZ cvie|
8. evjweevn wbiva AvBbi evLv
KiZ cvie|
9. hb nqivwb I hb wbcxobi
aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|
10. hb nqivwb I hb wbcxobi
KviY weklY KiZ cvie|
11. hb nqivwb I hb wbcxobi
wZKi cfve weklY KiZ
cvie|
12. hb nqivwb I hb wbcxob
_K wbRK iv I weiZ
ivLvi Dcvq eYbv KiZ cvie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(14 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV AvKlYxq KiY wkLbdj wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
cfve wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve DcKiY, gvbwP, (Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb| `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
hZzK cwZiva wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi j MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme kwY Afxv,
kwYi KvR, evwoi KvR, `jMZ KvR I ckvi
wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G hgb- BZvw` wkv_x`i viv mv`b Kieb|
evjweevni aviYv I AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, GKvwaK Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb
KviY cvR cwZ cfwZ eenvi Kieb| Kieb| hgb-
wkK wkv_xi my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ nq cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
cwZiva I AvBb Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR w`eb| cixv MnY I b^i c`vb|
hb nqivwb I hb hgb- Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
Zvgv`i wbR AwfZvq hZzKi GKwU NUbvi Av_ cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
wbcxobi aviYv I KviY wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
mvgvwRK I gvbwmK cfve wPwZ Ki|
hb nqivwb I hb GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i ck Kieb|
wbwcobi wZKi cfve Zvgvi wbR GjvKvq MvgxY I ki cwiek hZzKi
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
Ges G Aev _K KviY wPwZ Ki Zzjbv Ki| cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
wbRK iv ivLvi Dcvq evW DjwLZ mviwYi Z_ eenvi Ki hZzKi cfve Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv
weklY Ki| wbwZ Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj
g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i
cuvP Rbi `j MVb Ki cZK `j hZzKi wei GKwU
Rb wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
Ki kvMvb Zwi Ki| kvMvbjv kwYK c`kbi
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK
eev bvI| cixv Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb|
AvBb Abyhvqx wdivRv Kx wePvi cZ cvi? Av`vjZ ev`x GmKj cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I iPbvg~jK
I weev`x c MVb Ki wePviK wbevPb Ki Ges ivq Zwi ck mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK
Ki| wewfb i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi
`Zv) iv Ki cYxZ ne|
mdziv hme c`c MnY Ki hZzK cwZiva mvgvwRK wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Av`vjb Mo ZzjwQj Zv wPwZ Ki Zvgvi wbR GjvKvi Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
hZzK cwZivai c`c Zwi Ki| wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
KvhKi mvgvwRK Av`vjb Mo Zvjvi gvagB mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
my`icyii RbMY hZzKK bv ejZ wkLQ- hywi
gvag Dcvcb Ki |
76
GKv`k Aavq: evsjv`ki mvgvwRK mgmv (14 wcwiqW) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
gbvcwkR Zvgvi wbR AwfZvq wbR cvov ev gnjvi evjweevni MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU
13. Gjv _K wbRK iv Kie KviY mbv Ki| avivevwnK g~jvqb cwqv| GwU
Ges AbK iv KiZ mnvqZv QK AbymiY Ki ei I Kbi eqm eqm Abyhvqx KvbwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
Kie| evjweevn/evjweevn bq ge Ki| Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj
AveMxq Avqkvi eqm 10, Zvi ^vgxi eqm 50, G Avqkvi ARbi gvv wbwZ Kivi Rb
14. hZzK,evjweevn,hb nqivwb I kvixwiK I gvbwmK mve cwiYwZ weklY Ki| cwZwU cvV DcvcbKvj g~jvqb
hb wbwcob mK mPZb KvR Pvjveb| wcwQq cov
Zvgvi AwfZv _K evjweevni KviY I wZKi
ne| wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK eev
w`Kjv wPwZ Ki |
wbeb|
Zvgv`i mncvVx wejwKmi eqm 14 ermi| Zvi gb Lye
Lvivc KviY Zvi gv-evev Zvi weq wVK KiQb| weqi P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU
Avi GK gvm evwK| G weq e Kivi Rb wejwKm mvgwqK cixv Ges GKwU evwlK
Zvgv`i mvnvh I mnhvwMZv Pvq| Zvgiv Kx Kx KiZ cixv MnY Kieb| G mKj
cviv Zv `jxq AvjvPbvi gvag wbw` Ki? cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I
iPbvg~jK ck mwbewkZ Kieb|
Zvgv`i AwfZv _K hb nqivwbg~jK KqKwU AvPiY
ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i
DjL Ki|
(vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi
gb Ki Zvgiv 12/13 eQi eqmi wKkvix| zj hvIqv- `Z) iv Ki cYxZ ne|
Avmvi c_ 2/3wU eLvU Qj Zvgv`iK DZ Ki|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK
G`iK GKvR _K weiZ ivLZ Zvgiv Kx Kx Kie?
cwieZb mvabi Rb
gb Ki Zvgiv 13/14 eqmi Qj| Zvgvi mv_x welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
gqwUK iv Kivi Rb Zvgiv Gme eLvU Qj`i wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi,
Kxfve gvKvejv Kie? cwivi-cwiQbZv, mnhvwMZvi
cZK GKwU Ki hb nqivwb/wbcxob weivax kvMvb gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
Zwi Ki| AvIZvq Avbeb|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 77

v`k Aavq: AvRvwZK mnhvwMZv
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. AvRvwZK mnhvwMZvi aviYv I
iZ evLv KiZ cvie|
2. RvwZmNi MVb eYbv KiZ cvie|
3. RvwZmN MVbi Dk DjL KiZ
cvie|
4. RvwZmNi gwjK bxwZmg~n eYbv
KiZ cvie|
5. RvwZmNi wewfb kvLvi DjLhvM
Kvhg eYbv KiZ cvie|
6. wek kvw ixevwnbxZ evsjv`ki
f~wgKv eYbv KiZ cvie|
7. weki wewfb vb kvw ivq
RvwZmNi KqKwU DjLhvM
Ae`vb DjL KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
8. wewfb `ki iv I RbMYi ga
cviwiK mcxwZ,
mnhvwMZv,mnv`, vZZeva Zwi
ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(11 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
AvRvwZK mnhvwMZv : wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV AvKlYxq wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb wkLbdj
aviYv I iZ KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve DcKiY, wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb (Formative) I
RvwZmsN I Gi MVb gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi DcKiY cfwZ eenvi P~ov (Summative)- G `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
RvwZmsN I Gi MVbi
Kieb| MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme kwY Afxv, kwYi
Dk I gwjK bxwZ wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi j KvR, evwoi KvR, `jMZ KvR I ckvi BZvw`
wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G hgb- wkv_x`i viv mv`b Kieb| GKvwaK Kkj cqvM
RvwZmsNi KvR AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb| hgb-
wek kvw cwZvq cvR cwZ cfwZ eenvi Kieb| cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ cixv MnY
I b^i c`vb|
RvwZmsNi f~wgKv wkK my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ nq Ggb
wek kvw ixevwnbxZ kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR w`eb| hgb- Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i cheY
Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges wbw` wbYvqKi
evsjv`ki f~wgKv wgwWqvi Leii Dci wfw Ki AvRvwZK
wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
mnhvwMZvi iZi Dci GKwU msw cwZe`b
GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i ck Kieb|
wjL|
RvwZmNi MVb mwKZ DjLhvM NUbv wbq GKwU MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb cwqv|
PvU Zwi Ki| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b Kieb| wkv_x`i
c-cwKv I wewfb wicvUi wfwZ RvwZmNi wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV
DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR Pvjveb| wcwQq cov
Dk I g~jbxwZ evevqbi `ywU Ki D`vniY DjL
wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK eev wbeb|
Ki GKwU msw cwZe`b Zwi Ki|
RvwZmsNi wewfb msvi KvRjv QKi mvnvh P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv Ges
GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj cixvq
Dcvcb Ki|
ewbevPwb, msw I iPbvg~jK ck mwbewkZ Kieb|
RvwZmNi mvcwZK KgKvi Dci GKwU GK cvZvi ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I
g~jvqb cwZe`b Zwi Ki| DPZi `Zv) iv Ki cYxZ ne|
wek kvw ivq mvcwZK Kvj RvwZmN KZK MnxZ wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi Rb
KqKwU c`ci GKwU ZvwjKv cZ Ki| welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i wbqgvbyewZZv,
wek kvw ivq evsjv`ki Ae`vb I AvZZvM AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv, mnhvwMZvi gbvfve
D`vniYi mvnvh Zzj ai| c-cwKvi Z_ I BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi AvIZvq Avbeb|
BUvibU mvPi mvnvh GUv Kiv hZ cvi|
78
 8. wkvg QK
Ag kwY

c_g Aavq: evsjv`ki gywhy (18 wcwiqW)

RvZxq wkvg 2012 79

 wkLbdj
eywexq
1. 1970 Gi wbevPbvi RbMY Ges
ivRbwZK bZZi cwZwqv eYbv
KiZ cvie|
2. 7 gvPi HwZnvwmK fvlYi g~jK_v
Rvbe I Gi iZ I cwZwqv g~jvqb
KiZ cvie|
3. 25 gvP bviKxq nZvhi weeiY w`Z
cvie I Gi fqvenZv Dcjw Kie|
4. 26 gvPi ^vaxbZvi NvlYv DjL KiZ
cvie|
5. gywhyi cwZi weeiY w`Z cvie I
Avqx miKvii MVb I f~wgKv eYbv
KiZ cvie|
6. gywevwnbxi MVb eYbv KiZ I Zv`i
f~wgKv g~jvqb KiZ cvie|
7. mk gywhyi weivax kwi ZrciZv
I f~wgKv eYbv KiZ cvie|
8. gywhy evOvwji mnhvwMZvi ^ic
eYbv I g~jvqb KiZ cvie|
9. gywhy ewnweki f~wgKv g~jvqb KiZ
cvie|
10. gywhy h_ evwnbxi f~wgKv weklY
KiZ cvie|
11. gywhyKvjxb cvKevwnbxi MYnZv I
AZvPvii weeiY w`Z cvie|
12. cvwKvb evwnbxi AvZmgcYi NUbv
ejZ cvie|
13. gywhyi Zvrch weklY KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
14. `kcg, RvZxqZveva I MYZvwK
PZbvq DxweZ ne|
wZxq Aavq: JcwbewkK hyM I evsjvi ^vaxbZv msMvg
RvZxq wkvg 2012
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
(K) MVb ce (8) wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
1970 Gi wbevPbvi AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve wkLbdj wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
cwZwqv DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi (Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb| `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
7 gvPi HwZnvwmK fvlY I
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
evOvwji ^vaxbZvi cwZ
j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
25 gvPi bviKxq nZvh
hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK hgb-
26 gvPi ^vaxbZvi NvlYv cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ
cvV PjvKvwjb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
eenvi Kieb| cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
(L) cwiPvjbv ce (9) wkK my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
gywhyi cwZ I Avqx weKwkZ nq Ggb kwYi KvR,`jxq KvR Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
miKvi MVb Ges evwoi KvR w`eb| hgb- cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
gywevwnbxi MVb 1970 Gi wbevPb cieZx RbMYi cwZwqv wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
mk gywhyi weivax kwi evLv Ki| GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
ZrciZv I f~wgKv eezi 7 gvPi fvlY mK Zvgvi gbi MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
gywhy `wk I we`kx cwZwqv eYbv Ki| cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
mnhvwMZv Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
^vaxbZv Nvlbvi iZ eYbv Ki|
Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR
h_ evwnbxi bZZ P~ov
Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK
hy eev wbeb|
MYnZv I wbhvZb P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv Ges
cvwKvb evwnbxi GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj cixvq
AvZmgcYi ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck mwbewkZ
gywhyi Zvrch Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb,
Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Z) iv Ki cYxZ
ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv,AvPvi-eenvi,cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
(11 wcwiqW)
80
 wkLbdj
eywexq
1. Dcwbek Kx Zv evLv KiZ
cvie|
2. Dcwbek cwZvi wevi I Aemvbi
iZ Dcjw KiZ cvie|
3. evsjvq BDivcxq JcwbewkK`I
AvMgb eYbv KiZ cvie|
4. evsjvq BsiR kvmb cwZvi Dcvq
evLv KiZ cvie|
5. evsjvq BsiR kvmbi Kvhg
evLv I g~jvqb KiZ cvie|
6. BsiR Kvvwb kvmbi ewk
evLv KiZ cvie|
7. BsiR Kvvwb kvmbKvj evsjvi
Av_- mvgvwRK Aev eYbv KiZ
cvie|
8. BsiR Kvvwb kvmbi cfve
Dcjw KiZ cvie|
9. wewUk kvmbi ewkmg~n evLv
KiZ cvie|
10. ZrKvjxb evsjvi Av_-mvgvwRK
Aev eYbv KiZ cvie|
11. wewUk kvmbi cfve g~jvqb KiZ
cvie|
12. evsjvi RvMiYi aviYv evLv KiZ
cvie|
wZxq Aavq: JcwbewkK hyM I evsjvi ^vaxbZv msMvg
RvZxq wkvg 2012
welqe
evsjvq BDivcxq`i AvMgb
I JcwbewkK kvmbi
cUf~wg
B Bwqv Kvvwbi kvlY wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi
I wewUk kvmbi cfve
B Bwqv Kvvwb I wewUk
kvmb weivax Av`vjb
cvwKvb ivi De wkK my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv
(8 wcwiqW)
wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv
wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV
AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve
DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi
DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G
hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK
cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ
eenvi Kieb|
weKwkZ nq Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR
Ges evwoi KvR w`eb| hgb-
Dcwbek wevii KviY wPwZ Kiv|
Dcwbek hyMi wevi eYbv Ki|
Kvvwb Avgji wP Zzj ai|
g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
wkLbdj wfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
(Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
`yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
hgb-
cvV PjvKvwjb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR
Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK
eev wbeb|
Pjgvb 2
81
 wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
13. wewUk weivax we`vni weeiY eYbv KiZ JcwbewkK hyMi wewUk kvmb evLv Ki| P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK
cvie| BsiR weivax we`vn avivevwnKfve wjL| cixv Ges GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb|
14. wewUk weivax we`vni iZ Dcjw ivRbwZK Av`vjbi gvag wewUk GmKj cixvq ewbevPwb, msw I
KiZ cvie| mvkbi cwZv wKfve NU Zv Dcvcb mRbkxj ck mwbewkZ Kieb| ckmg~n
15. evsjvq ivRbwZK Av`vjbi De evLv Ki| `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM
KiZ cvie| I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki cYxZ ne|
16. evsjvq ivRbwZK Av`vjbi dj Dcjw wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb
mvabi Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI
KiZ cvie|
Zv`i wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-
17. wewUk weivax Av`vjb kl cvwKvb ivi cwiQbZv, mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw`
De evLv KiZ cvie| w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi AvIZvq Avbeb|
18. evOvwji ^vaxbZv Av`vjb AevnZ ivLvi
KviY evLv KiZ cvie|
19. evsjvq BDivcxq`i AvMgb I JcwbewkK
kvmbi cUf~wg evLv KiZ cvie|
20. B Bwqv Kvvwbi kvlY I wewUk
kvmbi cfve g~jvqb KiZ cvie|
21. BBwqv Kvvwb I wewUk kvmb weivax
Av`vjbi Zvrch eYbv KiZ cvie|
Av`vjb I msMvgi gvag wewUk JcwbewkK
kvmbi Aemvb Ges cvwKvb ivi De eYbv
KiZ AveMxq
22. evsjvi RvMiYi iZ Dcjw KiZ
cvie|
23. evsjvi ^vaxbZv Av`vjbi NUbv cevn
wbq Meeva Kie I `kcg DxweZ
ne|

ZZxq Aavq: evsjv`ki mvswZK cwieZb I Dbqb (6 wcwiqW)

RvZxq wkvg 2012 82
 wkLbdj
eywexq
1. mvswZK cwieZb ejZ Kx evSvq
Zv evLv KiZ cvie|
2. mvswZK cwieZbi mv_ Dbqbi
aviYv wKfve hy Zv evLv KiZ
cvie|
3. mvswZK cwieZb I Dbqbi
ewk evLv KiZ cvie|
4. mvswZK cwieZb I Dbqbi wewfb
w`K mK evLv KiZ cvie|
5. evsjv`k Kxfve mvswZK
cwieZb I Dbqb NUQ Zv evLv
KiZ cvie|
gbvcwkR
6. DbZ mswZK Abykxjb Kie Ges
Gi mv_ Lvc LvBq bqvi hvMvZv
ARb Kie |
AveMxq
7. wbR mswZ welq mPZb ne|
PZz_ Aavq: JcwbewkK hyM cZ cwiPq
RvZxq wkvg 2012
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
mvswZK cwieZb I Dbqb wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
aviYv AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve (Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
mvswZK cwieZb I Dbqbi DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
ewk DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb| MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
mvswZK cwieZb I Dbqbi
j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G hgb-
w`K
hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
evsjv`ki cwZ wewfb cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
mvswZK cwieZb I Dbqb eenvi Kieb| mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
wkK my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
weKwkZ nq Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
Ges evwoi KvR w`eb| hgb- wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
mvswZK cwieZbi aviYvwU GKwU GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
D`vniYi gvag evLv Ki| MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
mvsw ZK cwieZbi ewk wPwZ Ki|
cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
evsjv`k wkv mswZi cfve wPwZ Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
Ki| Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR
Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK
eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv Ges
GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj cixvq
ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck mwbewkZ
Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb,
Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki cYxZ
ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
(7 wcwiqW)
83
 wkLbdj
eywexq
1. XvKv kni JcwbewkK hyM wbwgZ
agxq vcZjvi weeiY w`Z
cvie|
2. XvKv knii Kvb Kvb Ask agxq
BgviZ wbwgZ nqQ Zv eYbv KiZ
cvie|
3. JcwbewkK hyM XvKvq wbwgZ
DjLhvM jwKK BgviZmg~ni
eYbv w`Z cvie|
4. Kvb Kvb BgviZ miKvwifve Avi
Kvbjv emiKvwifve wbwgZ nqQ
Zv evLv KiZ cvie
5. XvKvi evBi Kvb& Kvb& Aj
Rwg`viiv cvmv` wbgvY KiwQjb Zv
eYbv KiZ cvie|
6. XvKvi evBi Rwg`vi`i Zwi gw`i
mK evLv KiZ cvie|
7. cZwb`kbi AvjvK JcwbewkK
hyM mvbviMuvIqi iZ evLv KiZ
cvie|
8. cvbvgbMi I mi`vi evwoi eYbv KiZ
cvie|
9. JcwbewkK hyMi cZwb`kb Kvb
Kvb hv`yNi I msMn kvjvq iqQ Zv
eYbv KiZ cvie|
10. Rv`yNi msMnxZ wb`kbjv mK
evLv KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
11. cZ I cZm`i cwZ AvMn
Zwi ne Ges Gme msiY Dy
ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
cZ I cZm` wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
XvKv I Abvb GjvKvi wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
cZ -agxq BgviZ AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve (Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
(gmwR`, mgvwa, gw`i DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb| MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
BZvw`), jwKK BgviZ
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
(cvmv`, cvkvmwbK BgviZ,
j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G hgb-
cvbvgbMi-mvbviMuvI,
hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
mi`vievwo-mvbviMuvI,
cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
Rwg`vi`i Mov BgviZ eenvi Kieb| mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
BZvw`)
wkK my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
wewfb Rv`yNi msiwZ nq Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
cZm` KvR w`eb| hgb- wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
JcwbewkK hyM XvKvq wbwgZ agxq GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
vcZjvi ZvwjKv cZ Ki|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
JcwbewkK hyM XvKvq wbwgZ jwKK cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
BgviZjvi bvg wjL| Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
Rv`yNi ivLv cZwb`kbi kwYwfwK GKwU Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR
Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK
ZvwjKv cyZ Ki|
eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv Ges
GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj cixvq
ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck mwbewkZ
Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb,
Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki cYxZ
ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
84
cg Aavq: mvgvwRKxKiY I Dbqb
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. mvgvwRKxKiY wewfb cwZvb I
Dcv`vbi cfve evLv KiZ
cvie|
2. evsjv`ki Mvg I knii
mvgvwRKxKiY cwqvi Zzjbv KiZ
cvie|
3. mvgvwRKxKiY MYgvag I Z_ Ges
hvMvhvM chywi cfve weklY Kiv
I Gi BwZevPK eenvi Dy ne|
4. mvgvwRKxKiY wekvqbi cfve
evLv KiZ cvie I G mK
eve Z_ msMni gvag cwZe`b
cYqb I Dcvcb KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
5. gvbweK I mvgvwRK Yvewj i Ki
cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK mK
Dbqbi hvMZv ARb Kie Ges
kLjvc~Y AvPiY Dy ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(7 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv
mvgvwRKxKiY wewfb cwZvb
I Dcv`vbi cfve wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV
evsjv`ki Mvg I knii AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve
mvgvwRKxKiY cwqvi DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi
DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
mvgvwRKxKiY Z_ chyw I
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi
MYgvagi f~wgKv
j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G
wekvqb I mvgvwRKxKiY
hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK
cwqv cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ
eenvi Kieb|
wkK my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ
nq Ggb `jxq KvR Ges evwoi KvR w`eb|
hgb-
mvgvwRKiYi gvag wPwZ Ki cfve evLv
Ki|
Mvg I kni wki mvgvwRKxKiY cv_K
nIqvi KviY wPwZ Ki|
wki mvgvwRKxKiY MYgvagi f~wgKv
wPwZ Ki|
MYgvag wki mvgvwRKxKiY BwZevPK
cfve dj| `jxq gZvgZ `vI|
g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
(Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
`yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
hgb-
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR
Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK
eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv Ges
GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj cixvq
ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck mwbewkZ
Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb,
Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki cYxZ
ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
85
l Aavq: evsjv`ki A_bxwZ (8 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. gvU AfixY Drcv`b (wRwWwc),
gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (wRGbwc) I
gv_vwcQz Avqi aviYv D`vniYmn
evLv KiZ cvie|
2. `ki gvU RvZxq Avqi hme LvZ
Ae`vb ivLQ Zv eYbv KiZ
cvie|
3. gvbe m` Dbqbi aviYv evLv
KiZ cvie|
4. evsjv`k gvbe m` Dbqb Aev
evLv KiZ cvie Ges Abvb
`ki gvbe m` Dbqbi m evsjv`ki A_bwZK cew
Zzjbv KiZ cvie|
5. gvbe Dbqb m~PKi aviYv evLv
KiZ cvie|
6. gvbe Dbqb m~PKi evsjv`k
I Dbqbkxj KqKwU `ki Zzjbv
KiZ cvie|
7. we`k KgiZ evsjv`wk`i cwiZ
iwgU I A_bxwZZ Gi cfve
evLv KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
8. gvbe Dbqb m~PKi wfwZ `ki
Dbqb mwq f~wgKv cvjbi
gbvfve ARb Kie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
gvU AfixY Drcv`b wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
(wRwWwc), gvU RvZxq AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
Drcv`b (wRGbwc) I gv_vwcQz DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi (Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
Avq DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb| `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
evsjv`ki A_bxwZi wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
DjLhvM LvZi wRwWwcZ j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK hgb-
Ae`vb
cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
gvbe Dbqb m~PK eenvi Kieb|
cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
gvbe Dbqb m~PKi wkK my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
evsjv`k I Dbqbkxj nq Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
KqKwU `ki Zzjbv KvR w`eb| hgb- cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
evsjv`k gvU RvZxq Avq ewZ h wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
I Dbqb DjLhvM LvZ mveLvZ iZc~Y mjvi ZvwjKv Zwi Ki| GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
A_bxwZZ we`k KgiZ gvbe m` Dbqb evsjv`ki miKvwi MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
evsjv`wk`i cwiZ wKsev emiKvwi Kvhgi ZvwjKv cZ cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
iwgUi cfve Ki| Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR
Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK
eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv Ges
GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj cixvq
ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck mwbewkZ
Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb,
Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki cYxZ
ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
86
mg Aavq: evsjv`ki iv I miKvi eev
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. miKvi cwZi wewfb aib msc
eYbv KiZ cvie|
2. evsjv`ki miKvi cwZi aib
DjL KiZ cvie|
3. evsjv`ki iv cwiPvjbvi
g~jbxwZmg~n eYbv KiZ cvie|
4. evsjv`ki msweavbi cavb ewk
eYbv KiZ cvie I msweavbi cwZ
kv c`kb Kie|
5. evsjv`k miKvii wewfb Ai
msw iciLv I Kvhvewj eYbv
KiZ cvie|
6. evsjv`ki vbxq miKvi KvVvgv I
KvR evLv KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
7. evsjv`ki miKvi cwiPvjbvq
mykvmbi iZ Dcjw Kie I
mykvmbi Rb MnxZ Kvhg
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve `Lve|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(12 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv
miKvii kwYwefvM wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV
evsjv`ki miKvi cwZ AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve
DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi
evsjv`ki ivxq g~jbxwZ
DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
evsjv`ki msweavbi cavb
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi
ewk j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G
evsjv`k miKvii wewfb A hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK
I KvR cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ
vbxq miKvi KvVvgv eenvi Kieb|
miKvi cwiPvjbvq mykvmb wkK my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
nq Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR Ges evwoi
KvR w`eb| hgb-
miKvi cwZi wewfb aibjv cvvi
ccvi PvUi mvnvh Dcvcb Ki|
evsjv`k Kb MYZvwK iv? Zv KwZcq
D`vniYi gvag cgvY Ki|
g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
(Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
`yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
hgb-
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR
Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK
eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv Ges
GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj cixvq
ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck mwbewkZ
Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb,
Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki cYxZ
ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
87
Ag Aavq: evsjv`k `yhvM
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. ewkK Dvqbi aviYv evLv KiZ
cvie|
2. ewkK Dvqbi KviY I cfve
weklY KiZ cvie|
3. `yhvMi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|
4. `yhvMi aib DjL KiZ cvie|
5. wewfb aibi cvKwZK `yhvM h_v -
N~wYSo, ebv, Liv, f~wgK, mybvwg
I AwMKv BZvw` mK eYbv
KiZ cvie|
6. evsjv`ki cvKwZK `yhvMi KviY
eYbv KiZ cvie|
7. evsjv`ki Rxeb I A_bxwZi Dci
G me `yhvMi cfve weklY KiZ
cvie|
gbvcwkR
8. cvKwZK `yhvM cwZiva, `yhvM
KiYxq, Rxeb I RxweKv ivq
DchvMx c`ci civgkmn
cwiKbv Zwi KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
9. cwiek welq mPZb ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(9 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
ewkK Dvqbi aviYv wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
ewkK Dvqbi KviY I AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve (Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
cfve DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb| MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
`yhvMi aviYv
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
`yhvMi aib j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G hgb-
wewfb aibi cvKwZK hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
`yhvM| h_v- N~wYSo, ebv, cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
Liv, f~wgK, mybvwg, eenvi Kieb| mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
AwMKv BZvw` wkK my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
cvKwZK `yhvMi KviY weKwkZ nq Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
evsjv`ki Rxeb I Ges evwoi KvR w`eb| hgb- wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
A_bxwZi Dci G me ewkK Dvqbi KviY wPwZ Ki| GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
`yhvMi cfve cvKwZK I gvbe m `yhvMi 5wU Ki MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
D`vniY `vI|
`yhvM cwZiva KiYxq cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
`yhvMi aibi QuK GK wewfb aibi Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
`yhvM wPwZ Ki| Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR
Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK
eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv Ges
GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj cixvq
ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck mwbewkZ
Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb,
Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki cYxZ
ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
88
beg Aavq: evsjv`ki RbmsLv I Dbqb
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. evsjv`ki RbmsLv bxwZ evLv
KiZ cvie|
2. RbmsLv wbqY miKvwi I
emiKvwi Kgm~wP eYbv KiZ
cvie|
3. RbmsLvi mv_ Rbm`i mK
wbYq KiZ cvie|
4. RbmsLvK Rbm` icvii
Kkj mK eYbv KiZ cvie|
gbvcwkR
5. RbmsLv Z_i Dcvcb
msLvZvwK Kkj cqvM KiZ
cvie|
AveMxq
6. evsjv`ki RbmsLv welqK mgmvi
mPZb ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(5 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
evsjv`ki RbmsLv bxwZ wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve (Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
RbmsLv wbqY miKvwi I DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
emiKvwi D`vM DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb| MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
RbmsLvi mv_ Rbm`i wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G hgb-
mK
hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
RbmsLvK Rbm` icvi cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
Kkj eenvi Kieb| mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
wkK my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv weKwkZ Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
nq Ggb kwYi KvR,`jxq KvR Ges evwoi cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
KvR w`eb| hgb- wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
Av_-mvgvwRK Dbqb RbmsLv bvwZi GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
iZc~Y f~wgKv wPwZ Ki| MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
RbmsLv wbqY emiKvwi msvi f~wgKv cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
wPwZ Ki| Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
RbmsLv I Rbm` wKfve mwKZ Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR
D`vniYi gvag evLv Ki| Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK
eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv Ges
GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj cixvq
ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck mwbewkZ
Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb,
Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki cYxZ
ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
89
`kg Aavq: evsjv`ki mvgvwRK mgmv
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. wKkvi Acivai aviYv evLv KiZ
cvie|
2. wKkvi Acivai KviY I cfve
eYbv KiZ cvie|
3. wKkvi Aciva cwZKviii Dcvq
mK eYbv KiZ cvie|
4. gv`Kvmwi aviYvwU evLv KiZ
cvie|
5. gv`Kvmwi KviY I cfve eYbv
KiZ cvie|
6. gv`Kvmw cwZivai Dcvq mK
eYbv KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
7. mgvR Rxeb wKkvi Aciva I
gv`Kvmwi cfve mK mPZb
ne Gme mgmv mgvavbi Dcvq
LyuRe Ges kLjvc~Y AvPiY Dy
ne|
(4 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv
wKkvi Aciva: KviY, cfve wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV
I cwZiva AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve
gv`Kvmw : KviY, cfve I DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi
cwZiva DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi
j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G
hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK
cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ
eenvi Kieb|
wkK my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv
weKwkZ nq Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR
Ges evwoi KvR w`eb| hgb-
Zvgvi wbRi AwfZv I cwVZ Aavq
_K wk wKkvi Acivai KviY wPwZ
Ki|
Zvgvi we`vjq cwiekK wKfve
a~gcvbnxb GjvKvq cwiYZ KiZ cvi wjL|
g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
(Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
`yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
hgb-
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR
Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK
eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv Ges
GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj cixvq
ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck mwbewkZ
Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb,
Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki cYxZ
ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 90

GKv`k Aavq: evsjv`ki wewfb b-RvwZMvx
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. evsjv`ki PvKgv, gvigv, muvIZvj,
ivLvBb b-RvwZMvxi fMvwjK
Aevb mK Rvbe Ges gvbwP
mbv KiZ cvie|
2. evsjv`ki PvKgv, gvigv, muvIZvj,
ivLvBb b-RvwZMvxi mvgvwRK,
A_bwZK, agxq I mvswZK
Rxebaviv mK eYbv KiZ
cvie|
3. evsjv`ki PvKgv, gvigv, muvIZvj,
ivLvBb b-RvwZMvxi mv_ evOvwj
RvwZMvxi mswZi mswgkY evLv
KiZ cvie|
4. evsjv`ki PvKgv, gvigv, muvIZvj,
ivLvBb b-RvwZMvx I evOvwj
RvwZMvxi ga mvswZK Av`vb-
c`vb evLv KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
5. evsjv`ki PvKgv, gvigv, muvIZvj,
ivLvBb b-RvwZMvxi mvswZK
ewPi cwZ kv cvlY Kie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(7 wcwiqW)
welqe
evsjv`ki PvKgv, gvigv,
muvIZvj, ivLvBb b-
RvwZMvxi fMvwjK
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi
Aevb
evsjv`ki PvKgv, gvigv,
muvIZvj, ivLvBb b-
RvwZMvxi mvgvwRK,
wkK my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv
A_bwZK, agxq I mvswZK
Rxebaviv
evsjv`ki PvKgv, gvigv,
muvIZvj, ivLvBb b-
RvwZMvxi mv_ evOvwj
RvwZMvxi mswZi mswgkY
evsjv`ki PvKgv, gvigv,
muvIZvj, ivLvBb b-RvwZMvx
I evOvwj RvwZMvxi ga
mvswZK Av`vb-c`vb
evsjv`ki PvKgv, gvigv,
muvIZvj, ivLvBb b-
RvwZMvxi mvswZK
ewPi cwZ kv cvlY
wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv
wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV
AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve
DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi
DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G
hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK
cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ
eenvi Kieb|
weKwkZ nq Ggb kwYi KvR, `jxq KvR
Ges evwoi KvR w`eb| hgb-
evsjv`ki gvbwP Ab Ki cavb cavb
z` RvwZmvi fMvwjK Aevb wPwZ
Ki|
g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
(Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
`yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
hgb-
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR
Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK
eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv Ges
GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj cixvq
ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck mwbewkZ
Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb,
Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki cYxZ
ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
91
v`k Aavq: evsjv`ki m` (7 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. evsjv`ki wewfb cvKwZK m`
h_v: ebR, RjR, KwlR, LwbR,
grm BZvw` mK eYbv KiZ
cvie|
2. evsjv`ki cvKwZK m`i mv_
Av_-mvgvwRK AMMwZi mK
weklY KiZ cvie|
3. evsjv`ki RxeewPi eYbv
KiZ cvie|
4. evsjv`ki cavb cavb wk hgb-
cvU, e, wPwb, wmgU, Jla,
MvgUm, wPswo, Pv, Pvgov, Zzjv,
ZvgvK BZvw` mK eYbv KiZ
cvie|
5. evsjv`ki Av_-mvgwRK Dbqb
Gme wki Ae`vb evLv KiZ
cvie|
AveMxq
6. RxeewP I cvKwZK m`i iZ
Dcjw Ki Gjv msiY f~wgKv
cvjb Kie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv
evsjv`ki cvKwZK wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV
m`mg~n: ebR, RjR, AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve
KwlR, LwbR I grm DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi
cvKwZK m`i mv_ Av_- DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb|
mvgvwRK AMMwZi mK wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi
j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G
evsjv`ki RxeewP
hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK
evsjv`ki cavb cavb wk- cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ
cvU, e, wPwb, wmgU, Jla, eenvi Kieb|
MvgUm, wPswo, Pv, Pvgov, wkK my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv
Zzjv, ZvgvK BZvw` weKwkZ nq Ggb `jxq KvR Ges evwoi
evsjv`ki Av_-mvgvwRK KvR w`eb| hgb-
Dbqb Gme wki Ae`vb evsjv`ki cvKwZK m`i ZvwjKv cZ
Ki|
evsjv`ki cvKwZK m`i eenvi
wKfve Avgv`i Av_-mvgvwRK AevK
cwiewZZ Kie `jMZfve gZvgZ `vI|
evsjv`ki RxeewPi eve Aevi wP
Zzj ai cwZe`b Zwi Ki|
g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
(Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
`yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
hgb-
cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR
Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK
eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv Ges
GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj cixvq
ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck mwbewkZ
Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb,
Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki cYxZ
ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
92
qv`k Aavq: evsjv`k I AvRvwZK mnhvMx msv
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. wek wewfb `ki ga AvRvwZK AvRvwZK mnhvwMZvi iZ
mnhvwMZvi iZ evLv KiZ
cvie|
2. DjLhvM AvRvwZK mnhvMx
msv hgb- BDwbmd, BDbv,
BDGbwWwc, dvI Ges BDGbGdwc-
Gi MVb, Dk I Kvhgi
msw eYbv w`Z cvie|
3. AvRvwZK mnhvwMZv I mK
Dbqb Gme msvi f~wgKv g~jvqb
KiZ cvie|
4. wewfb msvq evsjv`ki mswkZv
weklY KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
5. AvRvwZK mcxwZ I cviwiK
mnhvwMZvi mK Dy ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(5 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
wkv_x`i wkLb AMMwZ hvPvB Kivi Rb
wkK welq mswk aviYv Dcvcb I cvV wkLbdjwfwK g~jvqb AvekK| MVbKvjxb
BDwbmd, BDbv, AvKlYxq KiY wewfb Qwe, cvvi, Z_, eve (Formative) I P~ov (Summative)- G
BDGbwWwc, dvI Ges DcKiY, gvbwP, cwZe`b, wbRi Zwi `yfve g~jvqb Kieb|
DcKiY cfwZ eenvi Kieb| MVbKvjxb g~jvqbi Ask wnme wkK GKvwaK
BDGbGdwc-Gi MVb, Dk
wkK kwYZ mywbw` wkLbdj djcm~ ARbi Kkj cqvM Ki wkv_x`i g~jvqb Kieb|
I Kvhg
j wkv_xKw`K cwZ cqvM Kieb| G hgb-
AvRvwZK mnhvwMZv I
mK Dbqb Gme msvi
hgb- AvjvPbv cwZ, AskMnYg~jK cvV PjvKvjxb ev cvV kl ck Kiv, wjwLZ
cwZ, gv_v LvUvbv, cvR cwZ cfwZ cixv MnY I b^i c`vb| G wkK
f~wgKv eenvi Kieb| mRbkxj I ewbevPwb cki eenvi Kieb|
wkK my cwZfv I mRbkxj gZv Kvbv wbavwiZ KvR mv`b wkv_x`i
weKwkZ nq Ggb `jxq KvR Ges evwoi cheY Kieb, Zv`i K_vcK_b beb Ges
KvR w`eb| hgb- wbw` wbYvqKi wfwZ b^i c`vb Kieb|
evsjv`k BDwbmdi KgKv I mvgvwRK GKK ev `jMZfve wkv_x`i KvR w`eb|
Rxeb Gi cfvei Dci GKwU Abymvb MVbKvjxb g~jvqb Gi KvRwU avivevwnK g~jvqb
g~jK cwZe`b Zwi Ki| cwqv| GwU kwY Kvhgi gvag mv`b
Kieb| wkv_x`i wkLbdj ARbi gvv wbwZ
Kivi Rb cwZwU cvV DcvvcbKvj g~jvqb KvR
Pvjveb| wcwQq cov wkv_x`i Rb wbivgqg~jK
eev wbeb|
P~ov g~jvqbi Ask wnme `ywU mvgwqK cixv Ges
GKwU evwlK cixv MnY Kieb| GmKj cixvq
ewbevPwb, msw I mRbkxj ck mwbewkZ
Kieb| ckmg~n `ZvwfwK wewfb i (vb,
Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv) iv Ki cYxZ
ne|
wkv_x`i BwZevPK AvPiwYK cwieZb mvabi
Rb welqewfwK cixv QvovI Zv`i
wbqgvbyewZZv, AvPvi-eenvi, cwivi-cwiQbZv,
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve BZvw` w`Kmg~n g~jvqbi
AvIZvq Avbeb|
93
10. jLK wb`kbv
welqe Dcvcb
1. evsjv`k I wekcwiPq cvVcyK cYqbi mgq welqe Dcvcb mgw^Z cwZ (Integrated Approach) cqvM Dcvcb KiZ ne| GKwU welqe Dcvcb jLKMYK
wewfb wfwK w`Ki- (Dimension) aviYv GKxf~Z (Unified) Ki cvV mwbekb KiZ ne| hgb- BwZnvm cvPxb evsjvi Rxeb Zzj aiZ cvPxb evsjvi BwZnvm, f~cKwZ,
Av_-mvgvwRK, ivRbwZK I mvswZK w`K mswk GKwU wP GKB i wkLbdji Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Dcvcb KiZ ne|
2. K. cvVcyK cYqbi mgq jLK`i welqe mnR Ges evaMg Ki PjwZ fvlvi Ki wjLZ ne| cZKwU welqei mv_ wcwiqW wbaviY Kiv iqQ| m Abyhvqx
`ZvwfwK wkLbdji AvjvK welqeK Ggbfve myweb KiZ ne hvZ wcwiqW gvZveK Zv mb Kiv me nq|
L. cvVi welqe cvkvcvwk `yBwU cvq Dcvcb Kiv evbxq, Ze wekl AwZwi cv Dcvcb Kiv hve|

3. K. cwZwU BDwbUi cwZwU welqi mv_ mvgm iL chvR cwimsLvb, mwVK I nvj bvMv` Dcv msewjZ mviwY, wP, PvU, iLvwP, Mvd, gvbwP BZvw` hy KiZ ne|
L.Z_i Drmi idvi `Iqvi mgq jLKi bvg, M, wkivbvg, cKvkK, vb, cKvk Kvj BZvw` DjL KiZ ne|
M. cwZwU BDwbU `ZvwfwK wkLbdjjv cvVcyKi cvzwjwci evgcvk ei wfZi wjLZ ne|
4. jLvi aib Ggb nZ ne hvZ `kcg, mZZv, bwZKZv, cigZ mwnzZv, mse`bkxjZv Ges wbR `ki Mievj BwZnvm, HwZn, mswZ I mvgvwRK gvbyli g~jeva RvMZ
nq Ges KvwqK kgi cwZ wkv_x`i kveva mw nq|
5. cZKwU BDwbUi welqe eYbv KiZ wMq chvR cwiwPZ cwiek _K mswk welqi D`vniY w`Z ne| GQvovI welqei Dcvcbvi ga _K wkv_xiv hvZ
Abymvbg~jK `wfw wbq Kvbv welqi cv_K wbYq KiZ cvi|
6. welqe I wkLbdji Pvwn`v gvZveK chvR Abymvb KvRi cwZe`b cYqb wb`kbv, Dcvcbv, `jMZ KvR, weZK, Awfbq Ges wP mshvRb KiZ ne|
7. `ZvwfwK wkLbdj Abyhvqx welqe eYbv KiZ ne hvZ wkv_xiv gv_v LvUvbv (Brainstorming), vbi eenvwiK cqvM, QvU QvU `j wef nq Kgmv`b, weZK,
AvjvPbv Abyvb, g~Kvwfbq, gwLK Dcvcb, cwZe`b Zwi, wPvb, mvi-msc, cvvi wjLb, mgmv mgvavb BZvw`Z Ask bqvi myhvM cvq|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 94

evbvb ixwZ
8. cvVcy Ki i _K kl ch evsjv GKvWgx- Gi GKB evbvb ixwZ gb PjZ ne|

g~jvqb KvVvgv

9. cwZwU BDwbU kl, AbykxjbxZ mRbkxj (e wbevPbx ck- MCQ) Zwii welqei cvcU vb Ges Abyavebg~jK (Knowledge & Comprehension) ck QvovI
cqvM (Application), weklY (Analysis), mklY (Synthesis), g~jvqb (Evaluation) Gi Dci wfw Ki MCQ Zwi KiZ ne|
10. GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe cYxZ mRbkxj ck cYqb gvbyqvj msMn Ki cki bgybv Abyhvqx (mvgvwRK wevb) mRbkxj ck cYqb Ki cvVi cwZwU BDwbUi Abykxjb mshvRb
KiZ ne| G cwZwU BDwbUi kl Kgc 1wU mRbkxj I 4wU wewfb cKvii ewbevPbx ck mshvRb KiZ ne|

11. AavqwfwK wb`kbv

evsjv`k I wekcwiPq cvV eBwUZ evsjv`ki BwZnvm, HwZn, mswZ, cKwZmn mwZK mgqi Av_-mvgvwRK welq hv evsjv`ki m~Y ewkK cwZwbwaZ Ki Ggb aviYvi mg^q
NUvbv nqQ| G cvVmg~n Gme ewkK BDwbU wkivbvg Dcvcb Kiv nqQ| GKUv eni AvwK weePbv Ki cwZwU BDwbUi Rb c_K c_K wkivbvg wbaviY Kiv nqQ| Ze
BDwbU wkivbvgi AvIZvq welqeK GKvwaK wefvM I Dc-wefvM (Section and Sub-section) web Ki cvV Dcvcb Kiv hve|

wkvgi cwZwU BDwbU-G welqeK hfve wefvRb Ki web Kiv nqQ mfve avivevwnKZv iv Ki welqemg~ni (Topic) mwbekb NUvZ ne|

cvVcyK Dcvcb
12. cvV cyKi Kfvi cv evsjv`ki ewk Dcvcb Ki Ggb welqe mswk AvKlYxq cQ` _vKZ ne|
13. Kfvi cvi KvMRi gvb DbZ nZ ne Ges Kfvi jwgbwUs KiZ ne|
14. cvV eBqi wfZii KvMR gvbmZ nZ ne|
15. welqe mswk Qwe, PvU, Mvd cfwZ AvKlYxq I nZ ne|
16. evsjv`k I wekcwiPq cvVcyK l kwYZ 13wU, mg kwYZ 13wU Ges Ag kwYZ 13wU BDwbU iPbv KiZ ne|
1
17. evsjv`k I wekcwiPq cvV eBwU (l-Ag kwY) mvBRi dU mvBR 14, AbwaK 160 cvi ga nZ ne|
8
18. BDwbU wkivbvg, wkLbdj, mve-nW wkivbvgi webvm Ai mvBR cv_K ivLZ ne|
19. jLK cvVwfwK cvV iPbvq BDwbUi Afy cvV jLvi cvki b^i I wkivbvg wjLeb Ges evgcvk wkLbdj Dcvcb Kieb| wkvgi kwYwfwK wkLbdji
gwU (3) Abyhvqx wkLb kLvbv Kvhg ewYZ wkv_xi KvRi Ici wkv_xi Kgc Dcvcb Kieb Ges kl AbykxjbgyjK KvR wnme wkv_xi mRbkxjZv weKwkZ
mswk mRbkxj ck mshvRb Kieb|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 95

 wkvg
evsjv`k I wek cwiPq
beg-`kg kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 96

 1. f~wgKv

RvZxq wkvbxwZ-2010 Gi Pvwn`vi cwicwZ evsjv`k I wekcwiPq wkivbvgi welqwU l _K beg-`kg kwYZ mvaviY, gv`&ivmv I BsiwR gvag wkvavivi
wkv_x`i Rb AvewkK cvV welq wnme wbaviY Kiv nq | BZvga l _K Ag kwYi wkvg cYqbi KvR kl nqQ hvi avivevwnKZvq cYxZ nqQ beg-
`kg kwYi wkvg| G wkvg G`ki mgvR, iv, BwZnvm, HwZn, mswZ, g~jeva I fMvwjK cwieki mv_ weki Abvb `ki Zzjbvg~jK aviYvi
mwbekb NUQ hvi gvag wkv_xi vb, `Zv, `wfwi Dbqb I mRbkxj cwZfvi weKvk NUe|

evsjv`k I wek cwiPq wkvgi g~j j nQ BwZnvm, HwZn, mswZ I g~jevamb `kvZeva RvMZ bvMwiK Zwi Ges ewkK welqvewji mv_ wkv_x`i
cwiwPZ Kiv hv Zv`i Rvbvi RMrK mg Kie| GB wkvg Abykxjbi gaw`q wkv_x mgvRi wewfb mgmv gvKvejvq cqvRbxq Rxeb`Zvi AwaKvix ne|
evsjv`k I wekcwiPq wkvg cYqb wkLbdj, welqe, wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg, g~jvqb Kkj I jLK wb`kbv QKi gvag Dcvcb Kiv nqQ| wkv_x`i
eqm I aviY gZv weePbvq iL eenvwiK Rxeb G wkvg cqvMagx Kivi Dci wekl iZ Avivc Kiv nq| cZvkv Kiv hvq G wkvgi djcm~ cqvM
wkv_x nq DVe Abymwrmy I hvwK wPvi AwaKvix hv Zv`i DP wkvMnY I Kgi cekvi DbvPb Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 97

 2. Dk

1. evsjv`ki Afy`qi NUbv cevn weklY KiZ cviv Ges RvZxq PZbvq DxweZ nIqv|
2. evsjv`ki Afy`q cieZx ivRbwZK BwZnvm mK vb ARbi gvag `kcg Dy nIqv|
3. evsjv`ki cwievi KvVvgvq mvgvwRKxKiYi iZ Abyavebi gvag mvgvwRK I gvbweK g~jevamb gvbyl wnme wbRK Mo Zvjv Ges Av`k cwievi I
mgvRMVb Dy nIqv|
4. miRMZi kLjvwfwK MwZkxjZv Ges FZz cwieZb mwKZ aviYvjvfi gvag cKwZ _K kLjveva, mgq wbYq, cwieki ^vfvweK I A^vfvweK Aev
mK RvbZ AvMnx nIqv|
5. wek gvbwP evsjv`ki fMvwjK Aevb I `wY Gwkqvi KqKwU `ki Rjevqy mK vbjvf Ki Rjevqy cwieZb RwbZ `yhvM SuywK nvm mPZb nIqv|
6. evsjv`ki Dci w`q cevwnZ b`-b`xi MwZc_ I RbRxeb Gi cfve mK Rvbv Ges Gi iZ Dcjw Ki msiY mPZb nIqv|
7. evsjv`kmn Gwkqvi KqKwU `ki cvKwZK m` mK vbjvf Ki m` msiY I h_vh_ eenvi cvi`wkZv ARb Kiv |
8. evsjv`k miKvii iZc~Y Amg~n , ckvmwbK KvVvgv I Kvhvewj, wbevPb cwqv Ges bvMwiKi `vwqZ I AwaKvi mK AewnZ nq ivxq I mvgvwRK
KZeeva mPZb nIqv|
9. evsjv`ki cPwjZ KwZcq AvBb I AvBbi wewaweavb mK Rvbv Ges AvBbi kvmbi cwZ kvkxj nIqv|
10. wek cwiwwZZ RvwZmN Ges RvwZmN evsjv`ki f~wgKv weklY Kivi gvag wekkvwi c Aevb cKvk KiZ cviv|
11. evsjv`ki A_bwZK welqvw` weklYi Rb cqvRbxq A_bwZK aviYv Abyaveb Ges eenvwiK Rxebi A_bwZK mgmv mgvavb AwRZ vb I cqvMi
`Zv jvf Kiv|
12. evsjv`k I weki cwieZbkxj cvcU `k we`gvb Av_-mvgvwRK mgmv Abyaveb Kiv Ges gvKvejvq Rxeb`Zv cqvM KiZ cviv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 98

3. Aavq webvm I wcwiqW eb
Aavq I Aavq wkivYvg wcwiqW Aavq I Aavq wkivYvg wcwiqW
cwiQ` msLv cwiQ` msLv
c_g c~e evsjvi Av`vjb I RvZxqZvev`i Dvb 18 l evsjv`ki b`-b`x I cvKwZK m` 20
(1947-1970)
cwiQ`-1.1 evOvwj RvZxqZvev`i weKvk fvlv Av`vjb (4) cwiQ`-6.1 evsjv`ki b`-b`x (8)
cwiPQ`-1.2 evOvwj RvZxqZvev` ivRbwZK Av`vjbi f~wgKv (5) cwiQ`-6.2 evsjv`ki cvKwZK m` (12)
cwiQ`-1.3 mvgwiK kvmb I cieZx NUbv cevn (1958-70) (9) mg iv, bvMwiKZv I AvBb 7
wZxq ^vaxb evsjv`k 26 Ag evsjv`k miKvii wewfb A I ckvmb eev 13
cwiQ`-2.1 gywhyi cwZ, mk gywhy I ^vaxb evsjv`ki (8) cwiQ`-8.1 evsjv`k miKvii Amg~n (7)
Afy`q
cwiQ`-2.2 ^vaxb evsjv`ki cybMVb I gywRe kvmb Avgj (6) cwiQ`-8.2 evsjv`ki ckvmb eev (6)
cwiQ`-2.3 mvgwiK kvmb Avgj (1975-90) (6) beg evsjv`ki MYZ I wbevPb 15
cwiQ`-2.4 MYZi cyb:hvvKvj (6) `kg RvwZmN I evsjv`k 6
ZZxq evsjv`ki cwievi KvVvgv I mvgvwRKxKiY 14 GKv`k RvZxq m` I A_bwZK eev 8
cwiQ`-3.1 evsjv`ki cwievi KvVvgv (5) v`k A_bwZK wbaviKmg~n I evsjv`ki A_bxwZi 20
cKwZ
cwiQ`-3.2 mvgvwRKxKiY cwqv (9) cwiQ`-12.1 A_bxwZi wbaviKmg~n (6)
PZz_ miRMr I f~gj 15 cwiQ`-12.2 evsjv`ki A_bxwZi cKwZ (14)
cwiQ`-4.1 miRMr (5) Gqv`k evsjv`k miKvii A_ I evsK eev 10
cwiQ`-4.2 weki mgq wbbq cwZ (4) PZz`k evsjv`ki mvgvwRK cwieZb 8
cwiQ`-4.3 cw_exi MwZ (4) c`k evsjv`ki KwZcq mvgvwRK mgmv cwZiva AvBbi 23
wewa weavb
cwiQ`-4.4 Rvqvi-fvUv (2)
cg evsjv`ki f~-cKwZ I Rjevqy 13
cwiQ`-5.1 evsjv`ki f~-cKwZ (8)
cwiQ`-5.2 evsjv`ki Rjevqy I cvKwZK `yhvM (5)
216

RvZxq wkvg 2012 99

 4. wkvg QK
beg-`kg kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 100

c_g Aavq : c~e evsjvi Av`vjb I RvZxqZvev`i Dvb (1947-1970) (18 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq cvK-fviZi gvbwP `yB cvwKvbi `~iZ Zzj GKK KvR : c~eeZx kwYZ DcvwcZ
1. fvlv Av`vjbi cUf~wg evOvwj RvZxqZvev`i weKvk aiv| iv fvlv evsjvi c fvlv Av`vjb welq
I Zvrch evLv KiZ fvlv Av`vjb (4) PvUi gvag `yB Aski fvlv I mswZi cv_K hyw Dcvcb Kiv| AvjvPbvi avivevwnKZv iv
cvie| fvlv Av`vjbi cUf~wg `Lvbv| Ki Aavqi m~Pbv ee
I RvZxqZvev`i Dbl (PvU eYgvjv, fvlv, cvkvK, Lv` BZvw` cv_K Dcvcb KiZ ne|
AvRvwZK gvZfvlvi _vKe)| RvZxqZvev`i aviYv welq
^xKwZ I RvwZmN cvB Mvdi cvwKvbi wewfb fvlvfvlxi msLv Dcvcb mshvRb KiZ
c`kb| ne|
c~eevsjvi cwZ cvwKvb
`jxq KvR : ivi ivxqfve cewZZ
welq : D`y Ges GKgv D`yB ne cvwKvbi AvBb, bxwZ I AwaKvi welq
iv fvlv gvnv` Avjx wRbvn&i G NvlYv wQj h elg wQj Zv Dcvbi
AhwK welqwUi c hyw vcb| gvag fvlv Av`vjbi
cvcU eYbv KiZ ne|
144 aviv f Ki ivRc_
evwoi KvR : Av`vjbi `k mshvRb
2. RvZxqZvev`i Dbl wRbvn&i NvlYvi ci
fvlv Av`vjbi Qwe c`kb Ges meii KiZ ne|
fvlv Av`vjbi iZ 21 k deqvix ch
RbMYi Av`vjb AskMnY I mg_bi welq RvwZmN KZK 21 k
weklY KiZ cvie | evsjvK iv fvlv
AvjvPbv| deyqvwiK AvRvwZK
Kivi `vweZ h mg gvZfvlv wnme NvlYv
weZKi AvqvRb : c`c MnY Kiv nq `Iqvi wP cvV Dcvcb
welq :fvlv Av`vjb wQj evsjv`ki gvbyli PvU Zvi GKwU KiZ ne Ges cvVwU fvlv
MYPZbvi c_g msMwVZ ewn:cKvk| ZvwjKv Zwi Ki Av`vjbi RvZxhZvev`i
RvZxqZvev`i weKvki mv_ mswk Ki
Dbli welqwU Zzj Dcvcb KiZ ne|
aiv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 101

c_g Aavq : c~e evsjvi Av`vjb I RvZxqZvev`i Dvb (1947-1970) (18 wcwiqW) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv

3. RvwZmsN KZK 21 k me nj knx` w`em ev Ab mgq knx` wgbvi knx` w`emi wewfb
deyqvwiK AvRvwZK wbq hvIqv Ges wkv_xi AwfZv Kvk Dcvcb Abyvb AvMni mv_
gvZfvlv w`em wnme ^xKwZ Kiv| AskMnY Kiv Ges
`Iqvi iyZ evLv KiZ evsjv fvlvi PPvi cwZ
cvie| AvMn cKvki welqwU
cheY Kiv|
AveMxq
4. wbR I Acii gvZfvlvi cwZ
kvkxj ne |

eywexq
1. AvIqvgx gymwjgjxM I hydU evOvwj RvZxqZvev`
MVbi KviY evLv KiZ ivRbwZK Av`vjbi f~wgKv hydU AskMnYKZ `jjvi ZvwjKv Zwi g~jvqb
cvie| (5) KiZ `qv| hydU gx mfvq
2. 1954 mvji hydUi AvIqvgx gymwjgjxM MVb PvU hydU I Abvb `jjvi Avmb msLv ZvwjKv Zwi Ki
wbevPbi cfve weklY KiZ hydU MVb, wbevPb I `Lvbv| KgKvi c hyw
cvie| miKvi c`vb KiZ cviv|
hydU gx mfvq KgKvi ZvwjKv Zwi KiZ
3. 1955 mvj AvIqvgx
`qv|
gymwjgjxM _K AvIqvgxjxM
icvii KviY Ges
`jxq KvR:
4. 1958c~e ivRbwZK NUbvewj
hydU gx mfvq e_Zvi Rb `vqx wQj kvmK
evLv KiZ cvie|
Mvxi m AiRKZv AvjvPbvi gvag c hyw
AveMxq
Dcvcb|
5. evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x PZbvq
Dy ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 102

c_g Aavq : c~e evsjvi Av`vjb I RvZxqZvev`i Dvb (1947-1970) (18 wcwiqW) Pjgvb 3
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq 1958 mvgwiK kvmb
1. 1958 mvji mvgwiK kvmb mvgwiK kvmb I cieZx weivax Av`vjb,
weivax Av`vjbi KviY I NUbv cevn (1958-70) (9) QK c~iY HwZnvwmK AvMiZjv
djvdj eYbv KiZ cvie| 1958 mvji mvgwiK `yB cvwKvbi elgi wP Mvd `Lvbv| gvgjv cfwZ NUbvi
2. c~e evsjvi cwZ wewfb kvmb elgi I 6 `dvi kZjv cvvi Dcvcb elgi elgi cvgvY wP cvV chvR
cwg cvwKvbi elgi 6 `dv gywi mb` Ki AvjvPbv Kiv| mv_ mshvRb KiZ
cKwZ weklY KiZ cvie| HwZnvwmK AvMiZjv mwKZ 6 ne|
3. ZrKvjxb ivRbxwZZ 6 gvgjv `dvi kZ
`dvi iZ weklY KiZ Dbmii MYAfyvb
cvie|
mii wbevPb I cieZx
4. HwZnvwmK AvMiZjv gvgjvi
NUbv Dbmii MYAvfyvbi Qwe c`kb I cfve
NUbv eYbv KiZ cvie|
5. Dbmii MYAvfyvbi AvjvPbv Kiv|
evwoi KvR :
cUf~wg eYbv KiZ cvie| 1970 mvji wbevPb AskMnYKvix `j I Zv`i cv
1970 mvji wbevPbi
6. ^vaxbZv hy ciYv`vqK Avmb msLv PvU c`kb Kiv|
cfve weklY Kiv
kw wnme MYAv`vjbi
f~wgKv g~jvqb KiZ
cvie|
7. 1970 mvji wbevPbi eYbv
KiZ cvie Ges cieZx
NUbv cevn Gi cfve
weklY KiZ cvie|

AveMxq
8. `ki ^v_ivq mPZb
ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 103

wZxq Aavq : 2 : ^vaxb evsjv`k (26 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq gywhyi cwZ, mk 7B gvPi fvlYi wfwWI c`kb/ AwWI kvbvbv QK c~iY c~eeZx kwYi Ges
1. evsjv`ki ^vaxbZv ARb 7 gywhy I ^vaxb evsjv`ki Ges AvjvPbv Kiv| mswk Aavqi
gvPi fvlYi iZ weklY Afy`q(8) Avqx miKvii m`m`i bvgi ZvwjKv Ges 7B gvPi MY avivevwnKZv iv Ki
KiZ cvie| 7 gvP I ^vaxbZvi Zv`i Kvhgi ZvwjKv cvvi c`kb| fvlYi Av`vjbi f~wgKv ee Dcvcb
2. ^vaxbZvhy cwiPvjbvq Avqx AvbyvwbK hvv iZc~Y Ae`vb KiZ ne|
miKvii f~wgKv g~jvqb gywhyi m~Pbv Ges Avqx w`K ^vaxbZvhy mswk
KiZ cvie| miKvii Kvhg cvgvY Qwe chvR
cvV mshvRb Ki cvV
Dcvcb KiZ ne|
hgb- HwZnvwmK 7
3. gywhy wewfb ivRbwZK gywhy mvaviY RbMY I gvP, gywhy
me nj gywi Mvb wmbgvi Askwekl QK c~iY
`j, Qv, ckvRxex, bvix, MY ckvRxex`i f~wgKv ckvRxex, bvix I
c`kbi eev Kiv|
gvag, mvswZK Kgx I ^vaxbZv ARb ivRbwZK mvswZK Kgxi f~wgKv
bvix, MYgvag, mvswZK Kgx, ckvRxex wKfve wewfb kwY gywhy
mvaviY gvbyli f~wgKv ewZi Ae`vb ^vaxbZv ARbi NUbv
gywhy Ae`vb iL wQj `j AvjvPbv Kiv ckvi gvbyl Zv`i
g~jvqb KiZ cvie| o eez kL gywReyi cevn iyZc~Y
me nj gywhy Rv`yNi, RvZxq wZma, vbxq f~wgKv
4. ^vaxbZv ARbi NUbv cevn ingvb I Pvi RvZxq ivRbwZK eweMi
gywhyi mv_ mswk vbxq Kvb vb Ges vbxq
iZc~Y ivRbwZK bZvmn Abvb eez kL
gywhvv`i KvQ wbq hvIqv| Ges `j cwZe`b
eweMi Ae`vb g~jvqb gywhy wek RbgZ I Zwi KiZ `qv| gywReyi ingvb , Pvi
KiZ cvie| wewfb `ki f~wgKv RvZxq bZv, fvmvbx,
5. ^vaxb evsjv`ki Afy`q gywhyi HwZnvwmK gwbwms, gyRvd&di I
wekRbgZ mw I weki ^vaxbvZv I weRq
Zvrch gbvib ai Ges
wewfb `ki f~wgKv g~jvqb w`emi wewfb Dbyvb
AvMni mv_ AskMnY Zv`i `ji Ae`vb
KiZ cvie| msc Dcvcb
6. gnvb gywhyi HwZnvwmK Ges gywhvv`i cwZ
kvi welqwU cheY KiZ ne|
Zvrch weklY KiZ cvie|
Kiv|
AveMxq
7. `ki cwZ fvjevmv Rwbe
Ges gywhvv`i cwZ kv
cvlY Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 104

wZxq Aavq : 2 : ^vaxb evsjv`k (26 wcwiqW) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq cvvi hyi mgq wZM jvi ZvwjKv cwiQ` 2.2, 2.3 I 2.4
1. hy wea `k cyb:MVb cwqvi ^vaxb evsjv`ki cybMVb I c`kb I ZrKvjxb miKvii KgKvi AvjvPbv evwoi KvR : Gi m~Pbv ee Dcvcb
eYbv w`Z cvie | gywRe kvmb Avgj (6) `k c~btMVb cwqvi avivevwnKZv ivLZ ne|
2. 1972 Gi msweavb cYqbi cUf~wg `jxq KvR wewfb KvRi ZvwjKv
evLv KiZ cvie| hy wea `k MVb cwqv hy wea&a `k cybM Vb wQj KwVb KvR- `jxq Zwi Kiv| hy wea `k MVb
3. 1975 mvj RvwZi RbK I Pvi 1972 Gi msweavb cYqb AvjvPbvi gvag cwZe`b Zwi| eezi f~wgKvi Qwe
RvZxq bZvi nZv I ivRbwZK cUf~wg RvZxqi RbK I Pvi RvZxq bZvi Qwe c`kb ivRbwZK cwieZbi eenvi KiZ ne|
cU cwieZbi eYbv KiZ cvie| 1975 Gi RvwZi RbKmn Ges AvjvPbv| aviv PvU c`kb KvR|
AveMxq Abvb nZvKv RvZxi RbK I Zvui
4. RvZxi RbKi cwZ kvkxj ne| cwievii nZvKv eYbvq
eywexq BwZnvm RNbZg
1. 1975 cieZx mvgwiK kvmbi mvgwiK kvmbvgj (1975- wbggZvi w`K Zzj aiZ
Dvb mK eYbv KiZ cvie| 1990) (6) ne|
2. 1981 mvj wRqvDi ingvbi nZv Rbvij wRqvi
Ges cieZx kvmbvgj(1975-81)
3. wbevPb eYbv KiZ cvie|
Rbvij Gikv`i
6. 1982 mvji Gikv`i mvgwiK
kvmbvgj(1982-90)
kvmb I Zvi cfve g~jvqb KiZ
cvie|
AveMxq QK c~iY
5.mvgwiK kvmbi cwZ bwZevPK ivRc_ MYAfzvbi Qwe Ges b~i nvmbi
`wfw Zwi ne| Qwe c`kb Ges AvjvPbv| miZi MYZi
MYZi cyb:hvvKvj (6)
eywexq Amyweav myweav
1990 Gi MY Afyvb I Av_-mvgvwRK AMhvvi ZvwjKv Zwi KiZ
1. 1990 mvji MYAfzvb Ges
MYZi cyb:hvv `qv|
MYZi cyb:hvvi eYbv KiZ
cvie| evsjv`ki DjLhvM
2. evsjv`ki DjLhvM Av_- Av_-mvgvwRK I mvswZK
evwoi KvR
mvgvwRK I mvswZK AMhvv eYbv AMhvv
wekl wekl Av_-
KiZ cvie| mvgvwRK I mswZi
AveMxq AMMwZ Zzj aiv|
3. MYZi cwZ kvkxj ne|
Abi gZvgZi g~j `q
wKbv cheY Kiv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 105

ZZxq Aavq : evsjv`ki cwievi KvVvgv I mvgvwRKxKiY (14 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq evsjv`ki cwievi KvVvgv AskMnYg~jK AvjvPbv QK c~iY Mvg I knii
1. cwievii aviYv evLv KiZ cvie| (5) o evsjv`ki Mvg I knii cwievii cwievii f~wgKv m cwievii Qwe cvV
2. wewfb ewk I gvcKvwVi wfwZ cwievii aviYv aibi ZzjbvKiZ `Iqv| f~wgKv cwieZbi mgmv mshvRb KiZ
cwievii cKvif` evLv KiZ cvie| cwievii cKvif` o kni I Mvgf` cwievii f~wgKv KviY cvib|
3. cwievii mvaviY Kvhvewj evLv KiZ Ges f~wgKv cwieZbi KviY wPwZ Mv: k: Mv: k; Mv: k: wkv_xi AvPiwYK
cwievii mvaviY
cvie| Kvhvewj KiZ `Iqv| cwieZbi mv_
4. evsjv`ki cwievi (Mvg I kni) aib cwievii
evsjv`k Mvg I knii
I f~wgKvi cwieZbi KviY Ges m mvgvwRwKiY
cwievii f~wgKv QKwU c~iY
mgmv weklY KiZ cvie| Mfxifve mwKZ
5. wekl Pvwn`v mb wki cwZ cwievii `jxq AvjvPbv cwiew cwiev m jLK cwievii
mvgvwRKxKiY cwqv (9) ZZ ii mgmv
f~wgKv I gbvfve evLv KiZ cvie| o cvwievwiK Rxeb bvbvwea mgmv f~wgKvi cwieZb
AveMxq mvgvwRKxKiYi aviYv mwi cQb cwievii aibi cwiev aibi
m mgmvi Mvg I
6. cwievii m`m wnme wbR f~wgKv mvgvwRKxKiYi Dcv`vb cwieZbB `vqx- welq hyw ii cwieZ
aib bi kni cvcU
cvjb mPZb ne| mvgvwRKxKiY cwqvq Dcvcb| AvjvKcvZ Kieb|
KviY
eywexq wewfb cwZvbi f~wgKv o wekl Pvwn`vmb wki cwZ MvgxY GKK / wekl Pvwn`vmb
1. mvgvwRKxKiYi aviYv evLv KiZ evsjv`ki Mvg I kni cwievii Pq knii cwieviB wcZev wki cwZ cwievii
cvie| mgvR mvgvwRKxKiY AwaK hZkxj- welq hyw m f~wgKv I gbvfve
2. mvgvwRKxKiYi Dcv`vbmg~n evLv cwqv Dcvcb| Mvg I kni
KiZ cvie| evsjv`ki Mvg I kni cwZe`b cZ wk `ywUi mvgvwRKxKiYi cwievii f~wgKvi
3. evsjv`ki mvgvwRKxKiY cwqvq mgvR mvgvwRKxKiYi o wekl Pvwn`vmb wki cwZ mv`k I emv`ki QK c~iY ga BwZevPK
wewfb cwZvbi f~wgKvi cfve weklY mv`k I emv`k cwievii f~wgKv welq cwZe`b `wfw iL welq
KiZ cvie| cZ KiZ `Iqv| vb mv`k emv`k Dcvcb KiZ
4. AvaywbK evsjv`k mvgvwRKxKiY cZKZ Km vwW Dcvcb Mvg ne|
cwqvq cwievi I cwievii m`m`i o Mvgi GKwU wki mvgvwRKxKiY
kni mvgvwRKxKiYI
f~wgKv evLv KiZ cvie| welq Km Dcvcb Kiv|
wekl Pvwn`vmb
5. evsjv`ki Mvg I knii mgvR o knii GKwU wki mvgvwRKxKiY
wk Ges G
mvgvwRKxKiY cwqvi mv`k I welq Km Dcvcb Kiv|
AwUwK wk`i
emv`k evLv KiZ cvie| o Mvg I knii wk `ywUi
cwZ iyZ w`q
AveMxq mvgvwRKxKiYi Zzjbv welq evwoi
ee Dcvcb
6. ewZ I mvgvwRK g~jeva MVbi KvR KiZ `Iqv|
KiZ ne|
gvag mgvR f~wgKv ivLZ mPZb I
Dy ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 106

PZz_ Aavq : miRMr I f~gj (15 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq miRMr (5) c`kbcheY Ges AvjvPbv
1.miRMZi aviYv evLv KiZ miRMZi aviYv wfwWI wPi gvag miRMr I Mnmg~ni
cvie| miRMZi Mnmg~n aviYv| miRMZ Ges
2.miRMZi Mnjvi eYbv KiZ cw_exZ Rxe emevmi cw_exZ Rxe emevmi cqvRbxq cw_exi Afii
cvie| KviY Dcv`vbjv ev wbqvgKjv mbv Kiv| MVb wPi gvag
3.cw_exZ Rxe emevmi KviY evLv Dcvcb KiZ
f~-Afii MVb
KiZ cvie| ne|
4.f~-Afii MVb eYbv KiZ
cvie|
weki wewfb vbi mgq QK c~iY f~MvjK KvwbK
gbvcwkR GKK KvR Mn Rxe emevmi iLvMyjvi Aevb
wbYq cwZ (4) DchvMx nIqvi
5.miRMr I Mnmg~ni Aevb cw_ex eZxZ Abvb Mn Rxe emevmi wPwZ KiZ ne|
AuvKZ cvie| wbiiLv, mgviLv, KviY
`vwNgviLv, g~j AbychvMx nIqvi KviYi ZvwjKv cZ
gaiLv, AvRvwZK KiZ `Iqv| cw_ex

eywexq ZvwiL iLv

mgq wbYqi c`kb, cheY Ges AvjvPbv
1. wbiiLv, mgiLv, `vwNgviLv,
KvwbK iLvi f~wgKv f~-MvjvK / Mve A_ev wek gvbwP
g~j gaiLv, AvRvwZK ZvwiL wPwZ KiY
KvwbK iLvjvi Aevb wPwZ Ges bZzb
iLvi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie| KvwbK iLv f~MvjvK
cwiwwZZ (evsjv`ki mv_ Ab `ki)
2. weki mgq wbYqi KvwbK Aevb (wWwM)
mgq wbYq Kiv
iLvjvi f~wgKv wbYq KiZ wbiiLv
cvie| mgviLv
3. evsjv`k I cw_exi hKvb `ki `vwNgviLv
mgqi cv_Ki KviY evLv Ges g~jgaiLv
GKK KvR AvRvwZK
mgq wbYq KiZ cvie|
iZc~Y KvwbK iLvjvi Aevb ZvwiL iLv
(wWwMZ) QK wjwce Kiv| QK c~iY
gbvcwkR
vb `vwNgv mgq
4. wewfb iLvi AevwbK wP AvuKZ mKvj
A 50c~e
cvie| bZzb cwiwwZZ MvwYwZK vb cqvM Ki 8Uv
mgq wbYq KiZ `Iqv| B 70c~e ?

RvZxq wkvg 2012 107

PZz_ Aavq: miRMr I f~gj (15 wcwiqW) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. cw_exi MwZi aviYv evLv KiZ cw_exi MwZ (4)
cvie| cw_exi MwZi aviYv c`kb, cheY Ges AvjvPbv AvwK MwZ
2. AvwK MwZ I evwlK MwZi aviYvi AvwK MwZ I evwlK we`vjq ZvrwYK fve myhi Aevb `wLq KvwbK wP
evLv Ges cw_exi Ici GB MwZi MwZi aviYv I Gi cw_exi AveZbi aviYv| Dcvcb KiZ
cfve eYbv KiZ cvie| cfve| gvgevwZ-Mve eenvi Ki cw_exi AvwK I ne|
3. w`evivwi nvmewi KviY evLv w`evivwi nvmewi evwlK MwZi aviYv|
KiZ cvie| KviY QK c~iY m~hK
4. cw_exZ FZz cwieZbi KviY evLv ZvwiL FZz cwigYKvj
cw_exZ FZz cwieZbi
KiZ cvie| GKK KvR Di `wY (evwlK MwZ)
KviY
5. evwlK MwZi mv_ evsjv`ki FZz bZzb cwiwwZZ (ZvwiL DjL Ki) cw_exi Mvjva Mvjva cw_exi Ae_vb
cwieZbi mK weklY KiZ evwlK MwZ I evsjv`ki
FZz cwieZb cwigY MwZZ Di Mvjva I `wY Mvjvai 24 Ryb wP `LvZ
cvie| FZz cwieZbi ZvwjKv cZ Kiv| 25 ne|
gbvcwkR m^i
6. bZzb cwiwwZZ MvwYwZK vb 11
cqvM Ki mgq wbYq KiZ cvie| wWm^i

c`kb ,cheY Ges AvjvPbv

eywexq
wfwWI wPi gvag cw_ex-P`-m~hi Avevb
1. RvqvifvUvi aviYv,KviY I kwY
RvqvifvUv (2) `wLq Rvqvi-fvUv msNUbi wP Dcvcb Kiv
wefvM evLv KiZ cvie|
2. cw_exi Ici RvqvifvUvi cfve Rvqvi- fvUvi aviYv,
KviY, kwY wefvM GKK KvR
evLv KiZ cvie |
cw_exi Ici cw_exi Dci Rvqvi-fvUvi cfvei ZvwjKv QK c~iY
gbvcwkR
RvqvifvUvi cfve cZ Kiv Rvqvi-fvUv
3. cwieki mv_ mK mw I
mydj Kzdj
AwfhvRb mg ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 108

cg Aavq: evsjv`ki f~cKwZ I Rjevqy (13 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq c`kb ,cheY Ges AvjvPbv bZzb cwiwwZ wek gvbwP
1. evsjv`ki fMvwjK Aevb I evsjv`ki f~cKwZ (5) weki gvbwP evsjv`ki Aevb I mxgvbv (`kK, wP evsjv`ki Aevb
mxgvbv eYbv KiZ cvie| wPwZ Kiv| BZvw`) w`q wPwZ Ki
2. wek gvbwP evsjv`ki fMvwjK fMvwjK Aevb I evsjv`ki gvbwP f~cvKwZK Ajwj ckvii gvag fMvwjK Aevb I
Aevb I f~cvKwZK Aj wPwZ mxgvbv wPwZ Kiv| f~wgi h_vh_ eenvi mxgvbv Dcvcb
KiZ cvie| f~cvKwZK Aji mK Rvbv| KiZ ne|
3. evsjv`ki f~cvKwZK Aji kwYwefvM I MVb `jMZ KvR
kwYwefvM I MVb evLv KiZ evsjv`ki f~cKwZi MVb we`vjqi cvkeZx GjvKvi f~cvKwZK MVb ev evsjv`ki gvbwP
cvie| I RbmsLv f~wgici cKwZ wPwZ Kiv| f~cvKwZK Aji
4. f~cvKwZK MVb wKfve RbmsLvi kwY wefvM QK
evsjv`ki f~wg eenvi
(RbemwZ) weiY cfve wevi Ki Dcvcb Kiv hZ
RbemwZ wevii cfve
Zv weklY KiZ cvie| cvi|
5. evsjv`ki f~wg eenvii Dci evwoi KvR
RbemwZ wevii cfve weklY KiZ cwZe`bwU evwoZ evsjv`ki gvbyli
cvie| Ki wkKKi wbKU Rxeb-RxweKvi Dci
evsjv`ki Rjevqy I
AveMxq GKK KvR Rgv `Iqv| Rjevqyi cfve
cvKwZK `yhvM (8)
6. cwiek msiY Dy ne| mwKZ Qwe eenvi
evsjv`k I `wY Gwkqvi we`vjqi GjvKvi f~wg eenvi, RbemwZi
KqKwU `ki Rjevqy wevii cfve mwKZ cwZe`b Zwi| Kiv hZ cvi|
eywexq
1. evsjv`ki mv_ `wY Gwkqvi evsjv`ki gvbyli
Rxeb-RxweKvi Dci c`kb ,cheY Ges AvjvPbv f~wgKi aviYv
KqKwU `ki (fviZ, gvqvbgvi I
Rjevqy i c fve evsjv`k, fviZ, gvqvbgvi I bcvji evLv Kivi mgq
bcvj) Rjevqyi ewki Zzjbv
Rjevqyi ewki ZvwjKv cvvi ccvi cUi aviYv evLv
KiZ cvie|
Dcvcb| KiZ ne|
2. evsjv`ki gvbyli Rxeb- RxweKvi
Dci Rjevqyi cfve weklY KiZ
cvie|
3. evsjv`ki gvbyli Rxeb-RxweKvi
Dci Rjevqyi cfve mwKZ
cwZe`b Zwi KiZ cvie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 109

cg Aavq: evsjv`ki f~cKwZ I Rjevqy (13 wcwiqW) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
4. f~wgKi aviYv I KviY evLv
KiZ cvie| f~wgKi aviYv I KviY `jxq KvR
5. weki f~wgKceY `k wnme weki f~wgKceY Aj evsjv`ki Kvb Kvb RxweKv Rjevqyi Dci
cwiwPZ KqKwU `ki cwiwwZ eYbv I evsjv`k cZ I civfve wbfikxj Zvi ZvwjKv cZ
KiZ cvie| f~wgK SzuwK gvKvejvq Kiv|
6. evsjv`kK f~wgKceY Aj ejvi evsjv`ki cwZ I
KviY evLv KiZ cvie| cqvRbxq c`c|
7. f~wgK SzuwK gvKvejvq evsjv`ki
cwZ I cqvRbxq c`c evLv
KiZ cvie|

AveMxq I gbvcwkR
8. Rjevqy cwieZbRwbZ mgmv GKK KvR QK c~iY
gvKvejvq mPZb ne Ges hKvb GKwU RxweKvi Dci Rjevqyi cfve f~wgK
AwfhvRb mgZvjvf Kie| mwKZ cwZe`b Zwi| cwZ I cqvRbxq
9. f~wgK cieZx cwiwwZ gvKvejvq c`c
mnhvwMZvi gbvfve Zwi ne| c`kb, cheY Ges AvjvPbv 1.
weki I evsjv`ki gvbwP f~wgK SuywKceY 2.
Ajwj wPwZ Kiv| 3.
weki fqven f~wgK jvi asmvZK djvdji 4.
Dci wbwgZ cwZe`b wfwWI wPi gvag c`kb|

GKK KvR
f~wgKi SzuwK gvKvejvq evsjv`ki cwZ I
cqvRbxq c`c jvi ZvwjKv cZ Kiv|

`jxq KvR
f~wgK PjvKvjxb mPZbZvg~jK Kvhgi gnov
`qv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 110

l Aavq: evsjv`ki b`-b`x I cvKwZK m` (20 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK
wb`kbv
eywexq c`kb,cheY Ges AvjvPbv
1.evsjv`ki cavb b`b`xwji (cv, evsjv`ki b`-b`x I cvwb evsjv`ki gvbwP c`kb Ki cavb cavb b`xi
gNbv, hgybv, wZv, Kbdj
y x, ecy I m` (8) cevnc_i aviYv| gvbwP b`-b`x
ci) Drcwj, cevnc_i weeiY evsjv`ki cavb h b`xjvi cevn xY nq wMqQ mjv I Rjwe`yr
w`Z cvie Ges Gjv msiYi iyZ b`b`xwji Drcwj mK wfwWI wPi gvag cwZe`b c`kb| K` `LvZ
weklY KiZ cvie| I cevnc_ ne|
2.b`-b`x I RbemwZi wbfikxjZv b`-b`x I RbemwZi
evLv KiZ cvie| cviwiK mK `jxq KvR QK c~iY evsjv`ki
3.evsjv`ki Kbv Kvbv Ask cvwbi evsjv`k Ajf` b`xi Ici wbfikxj KgKvi ZvwjKv cZ| b`xi Dci wbfikxj ebR m`i
Afvei KviY mv_ mswk `kmg~ni cvwbi Afvei KviY, KgKv eYbvq ebf~wgi
b`xi cfve weklY KiZ cvie| cfve I mgvavb c`c 1. kwYwefvM
4.evsjv`ki Kvb Kvb Ask cvwbi 2. Dcvcb KiZ
hvZvqvZ, Rjwe`yr I
Afvei KviY m mgmv weklY KiZ 3. ne|
evwYRi b`xi
cvie Ges mgvavb c`c mK 4.
c_i f~wgKv
gZvgZ evLv KiZ cvie|
5.hvZvqvZ, Rjwe`yr I evwYRi
b`xc_i f~wgKv weklY KiZ cvie|
QK c~iY
AveMxq
b`x cevn xY ev wKq hvIqvi KviY Kx Kx cwZwqvi b`x cevn
6.cvwbi Afve `~ixKiY b`x msiYi
cwZwqvi mw nqQ Zvi ZvwjKv cZ Kiv| nvmi dj
cqvRbxqZv Dcjw KiZ cvie|
cwZwqvi
aib
gvbyl
Dw`
cvwY
AvenvIqv
I Rjevqy

RvZxq wkvg 2012 111

l Aavq: evsjv`ki b`-b`x I cvKwZK m` (20 wcwiqW) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK
wb`kbv
eywexq evsjv`ki cvKwZK
1.cvKwZK m`i aviYv evLv KiZ m` (12) QK c~iY
cvie| cvKwZK m`i aviYv b`x msiY
2.evjv`ki cvKwZK m`i (LwbR, evsjv`ki I `wY GKK KvR mPZbZvg~jK
ebR, KwlR, cvwb-mgy` m`) mv_ Gwkqvi KqKwU `ki b`x msiY Kx aibi mPZbZvg~jK c`c c`c
`wY Gwkqvi KqKwU `ki (fviZ, cvKwZK m` MnY Kiv hvq Zvi ZvwjKv cZ Kiv| 1.
gvqvbgvi, bcvj) cvKwZK m`i cvwb m` eevcbvi 2.
Zzjbv KiZ cvie| aviYv 3.
3.cvwb m` eevcbvi aviYv evLv 4.
evsjv`ki cvwb I Lv`
KiZ cvie|
wbivcvq cvwb m`
4.evsjv`ki cvwb I Lv` wbivcvq
eevcbvi iZ
cvwb m` eevcbvi iZ evLv
KiZ cvie| evsjv`ki ebf~wgi
c`kb,cheY Ges AvjvPbv QK c~iY
5.evsjv`ki ebf~wgi kwYwefvM eYbv kwYwefvM
evsjv`k, fviZ, gvqvbgvi I bcvji cvKwZK cvKwZK Ae`vb
KiZ cvie| evsjv`ki A_bxwZZ
m`i (LwbR, ebR, KwlR, cvwb-mgy`) cwigvY m`
6.evsjv`ki A_bxwZZ Gme m`i cvKwZK m`i iyZ
cvB PvU Dcvcb| KwlR
iyZ weklY KiZ cvie| cvvi ccvi cvwb m` eevcbvi aviYv| ebR
gvbwP evsjv`ki ebf~wgjvi Aevb wPwZ LwbR
AveMxq
Kiv| cvwb-mgy`
7.cvKwZK m` msiY mPZb ne|
`jxq KvR
evsjv`ki cvKwZK m`jv A_bxwZi Kvb QK c~iY
Kvb iZc~Y Ae`vb ivLZ Zvi GKwU cvKwZK msiYi
ZvwjKv cZ| m` c`c
KwlR
ebR
GKK KvR LwbR
evsjv`ki cvKwZK m`jv msiYi Kx cvwb-mgy`
aibi c`c bqv hvq Zvi ZvwjKv cZ|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 112

mg Aavq: iv , bvMwiKZv I AvBb (8 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. ivi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie| ivi aviYv Km Dcvcb (wkK) Ges AvjvPbv (wkK-wkv_x) Km _K
2. ivi Kvhvewj evLv KiZ cvie| ivi Kvhvewj AbyMZ
3. bvMwiKi aviYv evLv KiZ bvMwiKi aviYv ivi cwZ bvMwiKi f~wgKv (`kiv, fvU`vb, Ki cKvki
cvie| bvMwiK wnme Avgv`i c`vb, AvBb gvb cfwZ) mwKZ wjwLZ Km wPwZ Kiv
4. evsjv`ki bvMwiK wnme ivi `vwqZ I KZe Dcvcb Ges `vwqZ wPwZKiY| Km _K
cwZ `vwqZ I KZe evLv KiZ AvBbi aviYv bvMwiKi
cvie| `vwqZ I
AvBbi Drm
5. AvBbi aviYv eLv KiZ cvie KZei GKwU
6. AvBbi Drm evLv KiZ cvie| mykvmbi Rb AvBbi
cqvRbxqZv QK cZ
7. mykvmbi Rb AvBbi cqvRbxqZv Kiv|
evLv KiZ cvie| evsjv`ki Z_ AwaKvi
AvBb I Gi cqvM bvMwiK
8. evsjv`ki Z_ AwaKvi AvBb I wnme
Gi cqvM eYbv KiZ cvie Ges G BwZ: wkv_xi
evcvi mPZb nev| ivi cwZ bvMwiKi f~wgKv cwZdwjZ nq Ggb `vwqZ I
AveMxq NUbv wbq wkK cvV`vbi c~e Km cZ Kieb| KZei
9. bvMwiK wnme wbR `vwqZcvjb chvjvPbv
Dy ne| Kmi eYbvq AvBb Agvb Kiv, mZZvi mv_ fvU Kiv|
`vbi mej `ywU w`K, Ki `qv I bv `qvi cfve,
mivKvwi `vwqZ cvjbi fvj-g`i w`K Ges mywjwLZ BwZ:
bvMwiK ZwiZ mvbi wkv`vb welq Dcvcb KiZ wkKi `vwqZ cvjbi
ne| ZvK mnvqZv Kiv
cPwjZ AvBbi cwZ
mPZbZv |
fvU c`vb
DrmvwnZKiY|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 113

Ag Aavq : evsjv`k miKvii wewfb A I ckvmb eev (13) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq evsjv`k miKvii
1.evsjv`k miKvii iZc~Y Amg~n Amg~n (7)
mK evLv KiZ cvie| wbevnx ev kvmb wefvM
2.ivcwZ I cavbgxi gZv I Kvhvewj AvBb wefvM, wePvi wefvM
eYbv KiZ cvie|
3.RvZxq msm` Ges Gi gZv I wbevnx wefvMi gZv
Kvhvewj eYbv KiZ cvie| o ivcwZ I cavb
gxi gZv I
4.RvZxq msm` kvmb wefvMK wKfve
Kvhvewj
wbqY Ki Zv evLv KiZ cvie|
AvBb wefvM
5.evsjv`ki wePvi wefvMi gZv I
o RvZxq msm` Ges
Kvhvewj eYbv KiZ cvie| Gi gZv I
6.RbMYi gwjK AwaKvi myiv I Kvhvewj
AvBbi kvmb msiY wePvi wefvMi RvZxq msm` KZK wfwWI c`kb
f~wgKv evLv KiZ cvie| kvmb wefvM wbqY RvZxq msm`i Awaekb msm` Awaekb
7.wePvicwZ wbqvM cwqv eYbv KiZ cwZ cheY Ki
cvie | evsjv`ki wePvi BwZ KvRjv mbv KiZ
wefvMi gZv I RvZxq msm`i evRU, AvBb cYqb I kvmb wefvMi cvie|
Kvhvewj Dci wbqY msv Awaekbi wfwWI msMn Kiv
AveMxq AwaKvi myiv I
8.AwaKvi I `vwqZ mPZb ne| AvBbi kvmb msiY
wePvi wefvMi f~wgKv

RvZxq wkvg 2012 114

Ag Aavq : evsjv`k miKvii wewfb A I ckvmb eev (13) Pjgvb 3
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq evsjv`ki ckvmwbK eev K`xq ckvmbi QK c`kb Ges Kvb
1.evsjv`ki ckvmwbK KvVvgv eYbv (6) KvRi cwicwZ ckvmbi KgKZv`i ckvmbi
KiZ cvie| K`xq ckvmb f~wgKv Dcvcb| wewfb
2.evsjv`ki vbxq ckvmbmg~ni MVb evsjv`ki vbxq Rjv ckvmKi KvRi QK Dcvcb| KgKZvi
I Kvhvewj eYbv KiZ cvie| ckvmbmg~ni MVb f~wgKv wPwZ
3.evsjv`ki Dbqb vbxq ckvmbi I Kvhvewj KiZ cviv|
iZ g~jvqb KiZ cvie| evsjv`ki Dbqb Rjv
AveMxq vbxq ckvmbi ckvmKi KvR
4.AwaKvi I `vwqZ mPZb ne| iZ wPwZ KiZ
cviv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 115

beg Aavq: evsjv`ki MYZ I wbevPb (15 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK
wb`kbv
eywexq
1. MYZi aviYv evLv KiZ MYZi aviYv cvvi c`kb I AskMnYg~jK AvjvPbv wbevPb cwqvi chvqmg~n wPwZ c~eeZx kwYi
cvie| evsjv`ki MYZ wbevPb Kwgkb KZK cKvwkZ wbevPb cwqv KiZ cviv| mswk aviYv
2. evsjv`ki MYZvwK cwqv ivRbwZK `j I wbevPb AvPiY wewagvjv mwKZ cvvi wbevPwb AvPiYmg~n wPwZ KiZ m~Pbv ee
evLv KiZ cvie| chvjvPbv cviv| AvjvPbv
MYZvwK eevq
3. ivRbwZK `ji aviYv evLv A_ev QK c~iY KiZ ne|
ivRbwZK `ji
KiZ cvie| wfwRUi wkK AvgY|
f~wgKv
4. evsjv`ki MYZvwK eevq wbevPwb AvPiY kvwi wkv_xi wbevPb
gZvmxb I weivax ivRbwZK MYZ I wbevPbi
BwZ AvPiY fi weavb cwZwqv AvPiYwewai
`ji f~wgKv evLv KiZ mK
wbevPb Kwgkb KZK wbevPb mwKZ cKwZ Qwe eenvi
cvie| evsjv`ki RvZxq
cvvi msMn KiZ ne| Ki cvV
5. MYZ I wbevPbi mK evLv msm` wbevPb cwqv
wfwRUi wkK Avnevb Kivi wbR Dcvcb Kiv
KiZ cvie| wbevPb Kwgkbi MVb, hZ cvi|
we`vjqi A_ev Ab we`vjq _KI
6. evsjv`k RvZxq msm` wbevPb gZv I KvR
AvgY Kiv hZ cvi| wfwRUi wkK
cwqv evLv KiZ cvie| wbevPbx AvPiY wewa G wbevPb Kwgkbi wbevPb wjdjU
7. evsjv`ki wbevPb Kwgkbi wbevPbx AvPiY jNb eenvi KiZ cvib|
MVb, gZv I KvR evLv Kivi kvw wcRvBwWs Awdmvii `vwqZ cvjb KiQ
KiZ cvie|
Ggb GKRb wkKK kwYi cvV AvgY
8. wbevPbx AvPiY wewa eYbv KiZ
Rvbvbv Ges kwYZ wbR AwfZv
cvie|
Dcvcb|
9. wbevPbx AvPiY jNb Kivi
kvw evLv KiZ cvie|

AveMxq
10. MYZ, ivRbwZK `j I wbevPb
mK AeMZ nq MYZvwK
g~jeva mb bvMwiK wnme
wbRK Mo ZzjZ AvMnx ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 116

`kg Aavq: RvwZmsN I evsjv`k(6 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq RvwZmsN mwi cUf~wg `jMZ KvR wewfb bvixi cwZ elgi cvV Dcvcb
1.RvwZmsN mwi cUf~wg eYbv KiZ evsjv`k RvwZmsNi bvixi cwZ elgg~jK AvPiY Ges QK cZ Ges RvwZmsNi gvbevwaKvii
cvie| f~wgKv elg wejvc RvwZmsNi f~wgKv f~wgKv wPwZ KiZ cviv aviYv evLv KiZ
2.evsjv`k RvwZmsNi f~wgKv evLv bvixi cwZ mKj cKvi wPwZ Kiv ne|
KiZ cvie| elg `yixKiY bvixi cwZ elgi RvwZ msNi RvwZmsNi kvw
3.bvixi cwZ mKj cKvi elg `yixKiY f~wgKv
RvwZmsNi f~wgKv cheY Ges AskMnYg~jK AvjvPbv wgkb evsjv`ki
RvwZmsNi f~wgKv evLv KiZ cvie| mwbK`i f~wgKvi
RvwZmsN evsjv`ki
4.wekkvw cwZvq RvwZmsN kvwix evwnbxi f~wgKv Qwe eenvi Ki
evsjv`ki kvwix evwnbxi f~wgKv evsjv`ki kvw iv evwnbxi
cvV Dcvcb Kiv
g~jvqb KiZ cvie| wewfb f~wgKv wPwZ KiZ
RvwZmsN evsjv`ki kvw iv hZ cvi|
cviv Ges wkv_xi cwZwqv
evwnbxi wewfb KvR AskMnYi Qwe cheY Kiv
c`kb Ges f~wgKv wPwZKiY kvw iv f~wgKvi cwZ
evwnbxi wkv_xi cwZwqv
AveMxq f~wgKvi
5.wekkvw cwZvq RvwZmsNi BwZ mg~n
Kvhgi cwZ kvkxj ne| wek kvw cwZvq kvw iv evwnbxi wbR `ki
hvv`i exiZ
wewfb Kvhgi Qwe GKwU cvvi Meeva Kiv
ccvi jvwMq c`kb KiZ ne mZZv I `ki
gvb DRj
nIqvq Me Kiv

RvZxq wkvg 2012 117

GKv`k Aavq: RvZxq m` I A_bwZK eev (8 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1.evsjv`ki RvZxq m`i aviYv RvZxq m`i aviYv c`kb, cheY Ges AvjvPbv
evLv KiZ cvie| evsjv`ki RvZxq Avqi
2.evsjv`ki RvZxq Avqi eb eb cvvi ccvi RvZxq m`i aviYv|
cwiwwZ eYbv KiZ cvie| RvZxq m`i msiY I RvZxq m`i eb cvB PvUi gvag
3.evsjv`ki RvZxq m`i msiY AcPqiva c`kb|
I AcPqivai Dcvq weklY KiZ
wewfb A_bwZK eevq
cvie|
m` eb
4.wewfb aibi A_bwZK eevi Zzjbv
KiZ cvie| abZvwK A_bxwZ
5.evsjv`ki cPwjZ A_bwZK eevi mgvRZvwK A_bxwZ
ewk wPwZ KiZ cvie| wgk A_bxwZ `jxq KvR QK c~iY
Bmjvwg A_bxwZ RvZxq m` msiY I AcPq ivai
evsjv`k cPwjZ Dcvqjv wPwZ Kiv| m` msiYi AcPq
A_bwZK eev Dcvq ivai
Dcvq
ebR
AveMxq LwbR
6.m` msiY I AcPqiva mPZb c`kb, cheY Ges AvjvPbv KwlR
ne|
PvU evsjv`ki cPwjZ A_bwZK eevi
7.wewfb A_bwZK eev mK evwoi KvR
ewki ZvwjKv c`kb Kie|
RvbZ AvMnx ne| evsjv`ki A_bwZK
eevi ewki AvjvK
hKbv `yBwU `ki
A_bwZK eevi
ewki Zzjbv ev cv_K
wbYq Ki evwoi KvR Zwi
Kiv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 118

v`k Aavq : A_bwZK wbaviKmg~n I evsjv`ki A_bxwZi cKwZ (20 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
c`kb, cheY Ges AvjvPbv gvU RvZxq
eywexq cwiQ`-12.1: A_bwZK Drcv`b(wRGbwc),
1. gvU RvZxq wbaviKmg~n (6) cvvi ccvi gvU RvZxq Drcv`b, `kR
Drcv`b(wRGbwc),`kR gvU RvZxq `kR Drcv`bi aviYv I LvZmg~n Drcv`b(wRwWwc) I
Drcv`b(wRwWwc) I gv_vwcQz Drcv`b(wRGbwc), Dcvcb| gv_vwcQz Avqi
Avqi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie| `kR Drcv`b(wRwWwc) PvU KqKwU `ki wRGbwc, wRwWwc I aviYvi evLvq
2. wRGbwc I wRwWwc Gi ga
gv_vwcQz Avqi aviYv gv_vwcQz Avqi ZvwjKv c`kb| QK c~iY D`vniY w`q welqe
cv_K wbYq KiZ cvie| cwivi KiZ ne|
3. `kR Drcv`b RvZxq Avqi `kR Drcv`b RvZxq
Avqi LvZmg~n GKK KvR `kR RvZxq Avqi LvZmg~n KqKwU `ki
LvZmg~ni evLv KiZ cvie| Drcv`b
wRGbwc, wRwWwc I
KqKwU `ki `kR Drcv`bi RvZxq Avqi LvZmg~n
4. KqKwU `ki wRGbwc, wRwWwc gv_vwcQz Avqi
wRGbwc, wRwWwc I wPwZ Kiv|
I gv_vwcQz Avqi Zzjbv KiZ Zzjbvi welq
cvie| gv_vwcQz Avqi Zzjbv
Dcvcb evsjv`ki
gbvcwkR QK c~iY mv_ mwKZ
`kmg~ni Z_
5. z` cwimi wRGbwc, wRwWwc I Dcvcb KiZ
gv_vwcQz Avq nvZ-Kjg ei evsjv`ki mv_ Abvb `ki (2/3wU) `k wRGbwc wRwWwc gv_vwcQz
wRGbwc, wRwWwc I gv_vwcQz Avqi Zyjbv Avq ne|
KiZ cvie| A
Kiv| B
C

RvZxq wkvg 2012 119

v`k Aavq : A_bwZK wbaviKmg~n I evsjv`ki A_bxwZi cKwZ (20 wcwiqW) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
evsjv`ki A_bxwZi cKwZ c`kb, cheY Ges AvjvPbv evsjv`ki A_bwZK
eywexq (14) mgmvi KviYmg~ni
1. evsjv`ki A_bxwZi cavb evsjv`ki A_bxwZi cvvi ccvi evsjv`ki A_bxwZi ga Av:mKi
ewkmg~n evLv KiZ cvie| ewkmg~n ewkmg~n wPwZ Kiv| wfwZ cvV Dcvcb
2. evsjv`ki A_bwZK evsjv`k A_bwZK evsjv`ki A_bxwZi AbMmiZvi KiZ ne|
AbMmiZvi iyZc~Y AbMmiZvi iyZc~Y cwZeKZvmg~n wP c`kb| evsjv`ki A_bwZK
cwZeKZvmg~n evLv KiZ cwZeKZvmg~n mgmvi wbPi
cvie| GKK KvR mgmvmg~n hgb-
evsjv`ki A_bwZK
3. evsjv`ki A_bwZK QK c~iY -DcwbewkK kvmb-
Dbqbi c`cmg~n evsjv`k A_bxwZi Dbqbi cwZeKZv
cwZeKZv DiYi kvlY, RbmsLv
DiY Kx Kx c`c MnY Kiv hvq Zvi
c`cmg~n eLv KiZ cvie| DbZ, AbybZ Ges cwZe cwZeKZv weviY, `vwi`,
Dbqbkxj `k I Gme ZvwjKv cZ Kiv|
4. DbZ, AbybZ es Dbqbkxj KZvi DiYi Dcvq eKviZ, ivRbwZK
`ki aviYv evLv KiZ `ki A_bxwZ
Aw_wZkxjZv,
cvie| DbZ I Dbqbkxj
`ki mv_ cKwZK cvKwZK `~hvM,
5. DbZ, AbybZ es Dbqbkxj `yhvM ywUc~b wkv, bvix
A_bxwZi aviYv evLv KiZ evsjv`ki A_bwZK
mK bvix wkv I gZvqb,
cvie| wkv I wk AbMmiZv,
c`kb, cheY Ges AvjvPbv
6. DbZ I Dbqbkxj `ki mv_ gZvq mvnxbZv I
evsjv`ki A_bwZK mK cvvi ccvi DbZ, Dbqbkxj I AbybZ
KqKwU `ki A_bxwZi ewk c`kb| b cywnxbZv cfwZ
evLv KiZ cvie| eKvi mK eYbv Kiv
GKK KvR hZ cvi|
AveMxq
DbZ, Dbqbkxj I AbybZ `ki A_bxwZi DbZ, Dbqbkxj Ges
7. A_bwZK mgmv mgvavb
mPZb ne|. g~j ewkjvi ZvwjKv cZ Kiv| QK c~iY AbybZ A_bxwZi
aviYv Dcvcb
`k g~j ewk D`vniY w`Z ne|
DbZ
Dbqbkxj
AbybZ

RvZxq wkvg 2012 120

qv`k Aavq : evsjv`k miKvii A_ I evsK eev (10 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq c`kb, cheY Ges AvjvPbv Avqi Drmi Qwe
1. miKvwi A_eevi aviYv evLv miKvwi A_eevi evsjv`k miKvii Avqi Drm I eqi eenvi Kiv hZ
KiZ cvie| aviYv LvZmg~n PvU c`kb| cvi|
2. evsjv`k miKvii Avqi
evsjv`k miKvii
Drmmg~n evLv KiZ cvie| GKK KvR
Avqi Drm
3. evsjv`k miKvii eqi wbR cwievii Avq-eq LvZmg~n wPwZ
evsjv`k miKvii evsjv`k evsKi
LvZmg~n evLv KiZ cvie| ZvwjKv cZ Kiv| QK c~iY
4. evsjv`ki evsK eevi aviYv, eqi LvZ Qwe eenvi Kiv
aib evLv KiZ cvie| evsjv`ki evsK Avqi Drm eqi LvZ hZ cvi|
5. evsjv`k evsKi Kvhvewj eYbv eevi aviYv I aib
KiZ cvie| evsjv`k evsKi
6. evwYwRK evsKi Kvhvewj eYbv Kvhvewj
KiZ cvie| evwYwRK evsKi
7. evsjv`ki `vwi` wegvPb I Kvhvewj c`kb, cheY Ges AvjvPbv
^Kgmsvb wewfb evsKi `vwi` wegvPb I evsjv`ki evsK eevi (Kvhvejx) wfwWI
f~wgKv eYbv KiZ cvie| ^Kgmsvb wewfb wP/Qwe Dcvcb| evwoi KvR
evKi f~wgKv wbR GjvKvi Kvbv ewi
AveMxq Km vwW Dcvcb
8. evsjv`ki A_bwZK Kvhvewj Dci evsK _K FY wbq
evsK _K FY wbq `vwi` wegvPb I ^- ^-Kgmsvbi gvag
mK mPZbZv evoe|
Kgmsvb mdjZv ARbi Dci GKwU Km
mdjZv ARb KiQ Ggb
vwW AvjvPbv|
GKwU cwZe`b Zwi Ki
Rgv `qv|
GKK KvR QK c~iY
wewfb evsKi Kvhvewj wPwZKiY| evsK Kvhvewj
A
B

RvZxq wkvg 2012 121

PZz`k Aavq : evsjv`ki mvgvwRK cwieZb (8 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq c`kb I cheY QK c~iY
1. mvgvwRK cwieZbi aviYv evLv mvgvwRK cwieZbi Mvg I knii wP-Dcvcb-Ki cv_K LuyR mgvR cfve cwZwqv wkvqb , bMivqb,
KiZ cvie| aviYv ei Kiv Ges GB cv_Ki KviY Ges mgvR cwieZbi wkv , chyw I
2. evsjv`ki mgvR cwieZbi Kx Kx cfve j Kiv hvq Zv wPwZ KiZ KviY (Mvg
evsjv`ki mvgvR I kni hvMvhvMi cfve
Dcv`vbmg~n evLv KiZ cvie| `Iqv A_ev
cwieZbi Dcv`vb Ges f`) Mvg I knif`
3. evsjv`ki Mvg I kni mgvR `jxq AvjvPbv
mvgvwRK cwieZbi cfve Gi cfve evsjv`ki mgvR cwieZbi Dcv`vb I Gi Dcvcb KiZ
weklY KiZ cvie| mvgvwRK cwieZb I cfvemg~n wPwZ KiZ `Iqv| ne|
4. evsjv`ki mgvR cwieZbi bvixi f~wgKv
Dcv`vb wnme wkvqb, bMivqb,
wkv, chyw I hvMvhvMi cfve QK c~iY bvixi f~wgKvi
weklY KiZ cvie| Km vwW Dcvcb cwieZbi Qwe
5. mvgvwRK cwieZbi iyZc~Y welq MwnYx cwZwqv
AvaywbK mgvR bvixi f~wgKvq cwieZb MwnYxi _K
cvV mshvRb
wnme evsjv`k bvixi f~wgKvi welqK GKwU Km vwW wkv_x`i KiZ ne|
f~wgKv cwiewZZ
cwieZb evLv KiZ cvie| mvgb Dcvcb Kiv A_ev DwjwLZ GKwU f~wgKv
welqi Dci wP Dcvcb Kiv|
gbvcwkR
6. mvgvwRK cwieZb RwbZ Aevq
wbRK LvcLvIqvZ mg ne|
BwZ:MwnYx CwlZvi `bw`b f~wgKv cvjb
AveMxq BwZ: GKRb msm` m`m / _vbv wbevnx QK c~iY
7. mvgvwRK cwieZbRwbZ welq KgKZv / BDwbqb cwil`i Pqvigvb /
g^vi / mj&mgvb / Wvvi / wkK / bvixi cfve cwZwqv
mPZb ne| f~wgKv
DwKj / Bwwbqvi / MvgUm Kgx (bvixi
cwieZbi
f~wgKvi Qwe c`kb) KviY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 122

c`k Aavq : evsjv`ki KwZcq mvgvwRK mgmv I Gi cwZKvi weavb (23 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq bvixi cwZ mwnsmZv
1. mvgvwRK mgmvi aviYv evLv mvgvwRK bivR I g~jevai cheY I mvgvwRK
KiZ cvie| Aeq (4) mvgvwRK bivR I mvgvwRK g~jevai Av`vjb
2. mvgvwRK bivR I mvgvwRK mvgvwRK mgmvi aviYv Aeqi cwZ GKwU Km vwW kwYZ KmwfwKfve cvV
g~jeva Aeqi aviYv evLv mvgvwRK bivR I Dcvcb| Dcvcb Kiv hZ
KiZ cvie| mvgvwRK g~jeva QK c~iY cvi|
3. evsjv`k mvgvwRK bivR I Aeqi aviYv `jxq KvR
mvgvwRK g~jeva Aeqi KviY I mvgvwRK bivR I DcvwcZ Km vwW _K mvgvwRK bivR I mvgvwRK bivR
cfve evLv KiZ cvie| KviY cfve
mvgvwRK g~jeva mvgvwRK g~jevai Aeqi KviY I cfve
4. mvgvwRK bivR I mvgvwRK Aeqi KviY wPwZ Kiv|
g~jeva Aeqi cwZiva c`c
mvgvwRK bivR I
wPwZ KiZ cvie|
mvgvwRK g~jeva QK c~iY
5. bvixi cwZ mwnsmZv- aviYvwU
Aeqi cfve
evLv KiZ cvie|
6. evsjv`k bvixi cwZ mwnsmZvi mvgvwRK bivR I mvgvwRK g~jevai Aeq

aib I KviY evLv KiZ cvie| mvgvwRK g~jeva KviY cfve

7. evsjv`k bvixi cwZ mwnsmZvi Aeqi cwZiva

cfve weklY KiZ cvie | c`c
8. evsjv`k bvixi cwZ mwnsmZviva bvixi cwZ mwnsmZv (7)
bvixi cwZ mwnsmZv
AvBbi welqe I kvw evLv bvixi cwZ mwnsmZv-aviYv cwZivai c`c
KiZ cvie| bvixi cwZ mwnsmZvi wkK kwYZ GKwU wbhvwZZ bvixi KiY wPwZ Kivi Rb
9. evsjv`k bvixi cwZ mwnsmZviva cKwZ cwibwZi NUbvi ccvi KvwUs cwZwU wkv_xi wkv_xiv h h cqU
mvgvwRK Av`vjb Mo Zvjvi bvixi cwZ mwnsmZvi KvQ mieivn Kiv| evW wjwce KiQ Zv
Dcvq evLv KiZ cvie| KviY *bvixi cwZ
ccvi KvwUsGi welqe gbvhvM mnKvi chvjvPbv Kiv|
10. wkkg I wKkvi Acivai aviYv, mwnsmZvi cfve * bvixi
coZ ejv| cvkvcvwk Kvm Kvb
aib I AvBwb cwZKvi evLv KiZ cwZ mwnsmZv cwZivai
c`cmg~n ciewZZ welqwU cwZiva wkv_x`i GK GK K me cqUjv
cvie| LvZvq wjLZ wb`k
11. gvZKjvY Gi aviYv I gvZZKvjxb wkkg,wKkvi Aciva I Ki evW Gm GKwU Ki cqU wjLZ
gvZKjvY Gi aviYv, `Iqv| `Iqv|
myweav evLv KiZ cvie|
AvBwb myweav

RvZxq wkvg 2012 123

c&`k Aavq: evsjv`ki mvgvwRK mgmv(20 wcwiqW) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK
wb`kbv
eywexq c`kb, cheY Ges AvjvPbv moK `yNUbvi
12. GBPAvBwfGBWmi aviYv GBPAvBwfGBWm (4) Qwe eenvi Kiv
13. GBPAv&BwfGBWmi cwiwwZ I GBPAv&BwfGBWm GBPAvBwfGBWm Gi Dci GKwU Km hZ cvi|
QK c~iY
KviY evLv KiZ cvie| aviYv vwW Dcvcb|
14. GBPAv&BwfGBWmi cfve evsjv`k GBPAvBwfGBWm
weklY KiZ cvie Ges GBPAvBwfGBWm `jxq KvR KviY cfve cwZivai `yNUbv nvmi
cwZiva Kvhg evLv KiZ cwiwwZ GKwU PvU Zwi Ki GBPAvBwfGBWm Gi Dcvq
c`ci wP
cvie| GBPAv&BwfGBWmi KviY cfve Ges cwZivai Dcvq PvU eenvi Kiv
KviY wjwce Kiv| hZ cvi|
GBPAv&BwfGBWmi
cfve I cwZiva
Kvhg

moK `yNUbv (3) c`kb, cheY Ges AvjvPbv QK c~iY

15. moK `yNUbvi KviY evLv KiZ moK `yNUbvi Dci wfwWI wP c`kb|
cvie| moK `yNUbvi KviY
evsjv`k moK `yNUbv moK `~NUbv
16. evsjv`k moK `yNUbvi `jxq AvjvPbv KviY cfve cwZivai
cwiwwZ eYbv KiZ cvie| cwiwwZ Dcvq
moK `yNUbvi cfve moK `yNUbv nvm KiYxq Kx Zv kwYZ
17. moK `yNUbvi cfve evLv KiZ
`jxq AvjvPbvi gvag wPwZ KiZ
cvie| wbivc` moK Kivi
ejeb|
18. `yNUbvgy ev wbivc` moK Kivi Dcvq Ges `yNUbv nvmi
Dcvq Ges `yNUbv nvmi c`c c`c
evwoi KvR
evLv KiZ cvie |
evsjv`ki moK `yNUbv cwiwwZi
Dci cwZe`b Zwi

RvZxq wkvg 2012 124

c`k Aavq: evsjv`ki mvgvwRK mgmv(20 wcwiqW) Pjgvb 3
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK
wb`kbv
eywexq
19. Rxev`i KviY I cfve evLv c`kb, cheY Ges `jxq KvR QK c~iY
KiZ cvie| 18. Rxev` AvjvPbv Rxev`x Kvhg hye mgvRK asmi w`K Rxev`
cwZiva- c`c wPwZ KiZ wfwWI c`kb Vj w`Q GB Kvhg _K wbR`iK KviY cfve cwZivai
cvvie|Rxev`i aviYv evLv Dcvq
Rxev`x ZrciZvi wKfve iv Kiv hvq Zvi Dci cwZe`b
KiZ cvie| fqsKi wfwWI WzKgUix cZ Kiv|
20. Rxev`i aviYv evLv KiZ kwYZ hw` me nq
cvie| Zvnj Dcvcb Kiv
A_ev G welqi Dci
wkv_x`i ccvi KvwUs
msMn KiZ `Iqv
Rxev` (3)
Rxev`i aviYv
AveMxq Rxev`i KviY,
21. bvixi cwZ kvkxj ne Ges Rxev`i cfve Ges
wbhvZb cwZiva mPZb ne| cwZiva c`c
22. GBPAv&BwfGBW mK mPZb
ne Ges Avv ivMxi mevq
^Z:~Zfve GwMq Avme|
23. `yNUbv welq mPZb ne| `jxq AvjvPbv
`ybxwZ (2)
24. agxq Av`kRxeb MVb Dy `ybxwZ KLbv Rxeb Pjvi c_ Av`k nZ
`ybxwZi aviYv
ne| cvibv Ges `ybxwZ mgvRK AatcZbi evwoi KvR
`ybxwZi KviY w`K Vj `q| G cm wkv_x-wkv_x, `ybxwZ cwZiva Avgv`i KiYxq welqK
25. `ybxwZi aviYv evLv KiZ `ybxwZi cfve I wkK-wkv_x `jxq AvjvPbv| wkivbvg cwZe`b Zwi|
cvie| cwZiva
26. `ybxwZi KviY evLv KiZ AskMnY
cvie| wkv_xiv `ybxwZ h fqi Lvivc KvR m
27. `ybxwZi cfve I cwZiva evLv welq wbR wbR gZvgZ e Kiv|
KiZ cvie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 125

 5. jLK wb`kbvevsjv`k I wek cwiPq
1. cvVcyK cYqbi mgq jLK`i welqe mnR, evaMg I PwjZ fvlvq kwY DchvMx Ki wjLZ ne| cZKwU welqei mv_ wcwiqW msLv wbaviY Kiv iqQ| m
Abyhvqx `ZvwfwK wkLbdji AvjvK welqeK Ggbfve myweb KiZ ne hvZ wcwiqW gvZveK Zv mb Kiv me nq|
2. cvVcyKi welqei fvlv cvj Ges mnReva nZ ne| G kwY-DchvwMKiYi wePvieva h_ mPZb nZ ne|
3. cvVcyK cvVwfwK Dcvcb KiZ ne| cwZwU cvV kl wkv_xi Kgc Zwi KiZ ne| Kgc nZ ne wkLbdj cwic~iY Ki Ggb KvR hv kwYZ mb Kiv me
nq|
4. cwZwU Aavq jLvi mgq WvgBbjvi (wPbi- vb, Abyaveb, cqvM, weklY, msklY, g~jvqb; AveMxq I gbvcwkR ) cwZdjb welqei ga iqQ wKbv
m mK jLKMYK me`v mPZb _vKZ ne|
5. jLvi aib Ggb nZ ne hvZ welqe Abyavebi ga w`q wkv_x mvgvwRK Av`k I g~jeva mwKZ aviYv ARbi gvag gvbweK I bwZK g~jeva mb fwelZ
bvMwiK wnme Mo DVZ cvi|
6. welqe Dcvcbvq chvR GKB kwYi Aavq wKsev Abvb kwYi cybivew bv nq m w`K mPZb nZ ne|
7. welqe I wkLbdji Pvwn`v gvZveK chvR kwYi I evwoi KvR, weZK, `jMZ KvR I wP mshvRb KiZ ne|
8. `ZvwfwK wkLbdj Abyhvqx welqe eYbv KiZ ne hvZ wkv_xiv gv_v LvUvbv, vbi eenvwiK cqvM, QvU`j wef nq KvR mv`b, gwLK Dcvcb BZvw`
Kvhg AskMnYi myhvM cvq|
9. cwZwU Aavq kl AbykxjbxZ Kgc 2wU mRbkxj ck Ges vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv i c~iY Ki Ggb wZbaibi e wbevPbx ck mshvRb KiZ ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 126

evbvb I fvlvixwZ (Spelling & Language Rule)
10. evsjv GKvWgxi evbvb ixwZ AbymiY KiZ ne|
11. fvlv nZ ne mnR, cvj I kwY DchvMx|

Aavq wb`kbv (Chapter Instruction)

12. Aavqmg~nK wewfb cwiQ` wef Kiv nqQ| jLKMY Aavq I cwiQ`i wkivbvg DjL Ki welqe Dcvcb Kieb|
13. m~wPc Aavqi AMZ cwZwU welq (hv wkvg DwjwLZ) cv b^imn DjL Kieb|

cvVcyK Dcvcb (Text Book Presentation)

14. cvVcy Ki Kfvi cv evsjv`ki BwZnvm, HwZn, mswZK Dcvcb Ki Ggb AvKlYxq cQ` eenvi KiZ ne|
15. welq mswk cvVi Qwe cvmwK, AvKlYxq I nZ ne|
16. evsjv`k I wek cwiPq cvV eBwU 1/8 mvBRi, dU mvBR 13, 200 cvi ga nZ ne|
17. Aavq wkivbvg, nW wkivbvg, mvenW wkivbvg webvm Ai mvBR mv`bv kvLv KZK wb`wkZ kZ AbymiY KiZ ne||
18. jLKMY Aavq kl AbykxjbxZ gvbmZ mRbkxj ck mshvRb Kieb|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 127

 wkvg
evsjv`ki BwZnvm I wekmfZv
beg-`kg kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 128

1. f~wgKv
GKwU ^vaxb `ki cZK bvMwiKi Zvi `k-RvwZi BwZnvm mK aviYv _vKv Riwi| BwZnvm Av_-mvgvwRK, ivRbwZK, fMvwjK I mvswZK weeZb avivevwnKfve cwZdwjZ
nq, mnZz BwZnvm PPvi gvagB GKRb bvMwiK Zvi `ki AZxZ mK mymsnZ vb jvf KiZ mg ne| AvZcwiPq D`NvUbi gvag AZxZK Rb Ges AZxZi AwfZv
I wkvi AvjvK eZgvb I fwelr Pjvi c_ wb`k mdj f~wgKv ivLZ cqvmx ne| evsjv`ki BwZnvm I wekmfZv wkivbvgi wkvg RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Abyhvqx gvbweK
eva mb Amv`vwqK, gywhyi PZbvmg bvMwiK Mo Zvjvi welqwU wekl weePbvq bIqv nq|

gvawgK chvqi GKRb wkv_xi wbR `ki BwZnvm, RvwZmv, mswZ, HwZn I wekmfZv mK mgK aviYv _vKv GKv cqvRb| G jK mvgb iL gvawgK i BwZnvm
Kx I Kb Ges evsjvi cvPxb, ga, AvaywbK hyMmn wekmfZv mK msw weeiY `Iqvi Pv Kiv nqQ| ^vwaKvi I ^vaxbZv Av`vjbi ga w`q Pig AvZZvMi dmj
evsjv`k| myZivs wkvg evsjv`ki Afy`qi BwZnvm Ges cieZx NUbv cevni cwZ wekl iZ `Iqv nqQ| evsjv`k Dcgnv`ki GKwU ^vaxb `k| myZivs evsjv`ki
Afy`qi cUf~wg AvjvPbvq fviZxq Dcgnv`ki mgmvgwqK cwiwwZi cqvRbxq Ask Avbv nqQ|

evsjv`ki BwZnvm I wekmfZv welqi beg I `kg kwYi wkvg cYqb wkLbdj, welqe, wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg, g~jvqb Kkj I jLK wb`kbv QKi (gwU ) gvag
Dcvcb Kiv nqQ| wkv_x`i eqm I gav weePbvq iL eenvwiK Rxeb G wkv KvhKi Kivi Ici wekl iZ Avivc Kiv nqQ| evsjv`ki BwZnvm I wek mfZv welq
_K wkv_xiv `ki BwZnvm I HwZn Ges wekmfZv mK RvbZ cvie| GZ wkv_x gnvb fvlv Av`vjb, gywhyi PZbv I Amv`vwqK g~jevai AvjvK `kcg,
RvZxqZveva I MYZvwK g~jevai PZbvq AbycvwYZ ne Ges evsjv`k mK Zv`i vb I Dcjwi wfZ mymsnZ Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 129

2. Dk
1. BwZnvmi aviYv jvf Ges Gi iZ Dcjw Kiv|
2. cvPxb evsjvi Rbc` mK vb jvf Ki Gjvi HwZnvwmK iZ Abymvb Drmvnx nIqv|
3. cvPxb evsjvi ivRbwZK, Av_-mvgvwRK, mvswZK RvMiY mK vbi wfZ mymsnZ Kiv|
4. gahyM evsjvi gymjgvb kvmKMYi ivRbwZK KgKv Ges Av_-mvgvwRK I mvswZK cwieZb Zuv`i f~wgKv mK AewnZ nIqv|
5. evsjvq we`wk kvmb I Gi wei vbxq`i cwZivag~jK KgKv Rb `kcg Dy nIqv|
6. evsjvi Av_-mvgvwRK cwieZb BsiR kvmbi cfve mK vb jvf Kiv|
7. fviZ wefwi ci ZrKvjxb c~e cvwKvbi cwZ cvwKvbi K`xq kvmKMvxi kvmb-kvlY I elgg~jK f~wgKvi cvcU evOvwji mvgvwRK I mvswZK RvMiY Rb
^vwaKvi Av`vjbi ^ic D`NvUb mg_ nIqv|
8. ^vaxb evsjv`ki ivRbwZK weKvk, A_bwZK Dbqb I e`wkK mK mswk cwiwwZ AewnZ nIqv|
9. Dcgnv`k I wekmfZvi wewfb wb`kb mK AewnZ nIqvi gvag cvPxb BwZnvm I HwZni cwZ kvkxj nIqv|
10. BwZnvm wkvi gvag eve Rxeb mZPPvq Dy& nIqv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 130

3. Aavq webvm Ges wcwiqW eb

Aavqi bvg wcwiqW msLv

c_g BwZnvm cwiwPwZ 05
wZxq cvPxb evsjvi Rbc` (wbevwPZ) 05
ZZxq cvPxb evsjvi ivRbwZK BwZnvm (wL:326-1204wL:) 10
PZz_ cvPxb evsjvi mvgvwRK, A_bwZK I mvswZK BwZnvm 14
cg gahyMi evsjvi ivRbwZK BwZnvm (wL:1204-1757wL:) 18
l gahyMi evsjvi mvgvwRK, A_bwZK I mvswZK BwZnvm 12
mg evsjvq BsiR kvmbi m~Pbvce 10
Ag BsiR kvmb Avgj evsjvq cwZiva, beRvMiY I msvi Av`vjb 16
beg BsiR kvmb Avgj evsjvi ^vwaKvi Av`vjb 17

`kg fvlv Av`vjb I ZrcieZx ivRbwZK NUbvcevn 16

GKv`k mvgwiK kvmb I ^vwaKvi Av`vjb (1958wL:-1969wL:) 15

v`k mi wbevPb Ges gywhy 26

qv`k eez kL gywReyi ingvbi kvmbKvj (1972wL:-1975wL:) 08

PZz`k mvgwiK kvmb I ZrcieZx NUbvcevn (1975wL:-1990wL:) 12

c`k wekmfZv (wbevwPZ) 32

RvZxq wkvg 2012 131

 4. wkvg QK
beg-`kg kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 132

c_g Aavq : BwZnvm cwiwPwZ (05 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. BwZnvm I HwZni aviYv, BwZnvm I HwZni AvjvPbv : wkv_x`i KvQ _K 1wU BwZnvm weeZbi mgqKvj
^ic I cwimi evLv aviYv Ges BwZnvmi wkv_x`i AwfZv wewbgq _K i Kiv HwZnvwmK NUbv kvbv| DjLc~eK BwZnvm aviYvi
KiZ cvie| Dcv`vb hgb- gywhy _K Zvi cv aviYv| wewfb cwieZb DjL _vKZ
ckvi : ne|
ckvii gvag BwZnvm cwiwPwZ mK BwZnvmi Dcv`vb me nj
wkv_xi c~e aviYv hvPvB Ki m~Y cvV cqvRbxq Qwe mshvRbmn
welq cVb-cvVb AvMnx Kiv| eYbvg~jK weeiY _vKe|
eve Rxeb BwZnvm h mZ
2. BwZnvmi Dcv`vb I BwZnvmi cKvif` I BwZnvmi aviYv, Dcv`vb, welqe, BwZnvm cvVi PPv Ki Zv D`vniY w`q
cKvif` eYbv KiZ BwZnvmi welqe cqvRbxqZvi Dci wjwLZ
cKvif` cvVi cqvRbxqZv, ^ic I BwZnvm cvVi cqvRbxqZvq
cvie| cwZe`b Zwi Kiv|
BwZnvmi ^ic I cwimi mK aviYv| welqwU Zviv KZUzKz eYbv KiZ ne|
3. BwZnvm cvVi cqvRbxqZv
cwimi Dcjw Kijv evSvi Rb ck Kiv| BwZnvm I HwZni cwZ
evLv KiZ cvie|
BwZnvm cvVi hgb- wewfb wb`kb, gy`v, BgviZ, AvMn mwKvix `vg~jK
cqvRbxqZv wZ, Zvwjwc BZvw` _K wKfve NUbvi eYbv _vKZ ne|
BwZnvmi Dcv`vb ev Z_ cvIqv hvq|
AwfZv wewbgq:
kwYK wkv_xK wbRi AwfZvi m
m HwZnvwmK NUbvi eYbv|
evwoi KvR (GKK) :
wcZv-gvZv Dfqi wZb cyili bvg I
Avw`wbevm mwKZ QK c~iY|
wcZKzj gvZKzj
bvg Avw` wbevm bvg Avw` wbevm
1g cyil
2q cyil
3q cyil
AveMxq
4. BwZnvm I HwZn Rvbvi eve Rxeb BwZnvm h mZ PPv mK
cwZ AvMnx ne| wkv `q m mK D`vniY `Iqv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 133

wZxq Aavq : cvPxb evsjvi Rbc` (wbevwPZ) (05 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. evsjv`ki gvbwP cvPxb wbevwPZ Rbc` : evsjv`ki gvbwP wewfb cvPxb Rbc`i gvbwP Aevb cvPxb evsjvi Rbc` msewjZ
evsjvi Rbc`jvi eZgvb Mo, e, cy, Aevb wPwZKiY| wPwZKiY mwVKZv gvbwPi mshvRb KiZ
Aevb wPwZ Ki eYbv nwiKj, mgZU, DcwZ eZv : wbicY| ne|
KiZ cvie| ei`, Zvwj I QvU QvU KvMR Rbc`i bvg wjL gwLK Dcvcbvi gvag cvPxb Rbc`jvi eZgvb
P`xc jUvwii gvag wkv_xK cwZ Rbc`i welqi h_v_Zv wbicY| bvg Ges fMvwjK Aevbi
o fMvwjK Aevb Rb 2 wgwbU ejZ `Iqv| weeiY _vKe|
I bvgKiY

2. cvPxb evsjvi Z_
Abymvb Rbc`jvi cvPxb evsjvi Rbc`jvi iZ Abyaveb
iZ evLv KiZ cvie| o HwZnvwmK iZ Ges cvPxb I eZgvb evsjv`ki hvMm~
vcbi j msc Z_ Dcvcb|

AveMxq
3. cvPxb evsjvi BwZnvm
mK aviYv jvf
Rbc`jvi iZ RvbZ
AvMnx ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 134

ZZxq Aavq : cvPxb evsjvi ivRbwZK BwZnvm (wL c~e 326-1204 wLv) (10 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. cvPxb evsjvi iZc~Y cvPxb evsjvi iZc~Y kwYi KvR : (GKK) c~iYKZ PvUi mwVKZv cvPxb nvwZqvi Ges welq
ivResk I Zuv`i kvmbKvj ivResk I kvmbeev cvPxb evsjvi wewfb ivReski Dci g~jvqb Kiv| mswk Qwe w`Z ne|
mK eYbv KiZ cvie| o gh I hyM Kvjvbyg PvU Zwi Kiv| iZc~Y ivReski
evsjv ivRZKvji avivevwnK eYbv
_vKe|
2. cvK-cvjhyMi evsjvi kwY KvR : QK c~iY :
`wYc~e evsjvi
ivRbwZK cwiwwZ evLv o Mo ivRi cvPxb evsjvi iZc~Y ivReskmg~ni ivResk Ae`vb
ivReskmg~ni weeiY w`Z
gh 1.
KiZ cvie| cwZvZv kkvsK Ae`vb mK QK c~iY Kiv| 2. ne
o gvrmvbvq I cvj 3.
esk (750 wL:- 1.
AveMxq 2.
1161 wL: ) 3.
3. cvPxb evsjvi ivRbwZK o mb esk (1161 cvj 1.
PPvq ZrKvjxb iZc~Y wL:-1204 wL:) 2.
ivR eskmg~ni Ae`vb 3.
mb 1.
mK BwZevPK aviYv 2.
cvlY KiZ mg ne| 3.
4. iZc~Y ivR eskjv
mK aviYv jvf Ki
cvPxb evsjvi ivRbwZK
BwZnvm avivevwnKfve
RvbZ mg_ ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 135

PZz_ Aavq : cvPxb evsjvi mvgvwRK, A_bwZK I mvswZK BwZnvm (14 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. cvPxb evsjvi Av_-mvgvwRK cvPxb evsjvi mgvR, cvPxb evsjvi mvgvwRK, A_bwZK I cvPxb agxq Abyvb Drmei
Aevi eYbv KiZ cvie| A_bxwZ I mswZ : mvswZK ewkmg~ni Dci (3wU `j eYbvmn Qwe w`Z ne| agxq
o cvPxb evsjvi wef nq) `jxq KvR Dcvcb| I mv`vwqK mwnzZvi
mvgvwRK Rxeb D`vniY msewjZ eYbv _vKZ
2. cvPxb evsjvi wkKjv, o cvPxb evsjvi cvPxb evsjvi, vcZ, fvh I wPKjvi QK c~iY : ne|
vcZ, fvh I wPKjvi A_bwZK Aev Ges Dci Qwe c`kb| ewk cvPxb mfZvi wewfb wb`kb
eYbv KiZ cvie| wkKjv I vcZ- vcZ 1. (gqbvgwZ, gnvvbMi,
fvh 2. cvnvocyi, Iqvwi eUki
3.
PvU c`kb : fvh 1.
BZvw`) Gi Qwe msewjZ
3. cvPxb evsjvq evsjv fvlv I o evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ: cvPxb evsjvi `ywU ivReski DjLhvM 2. eYbv w`Z ne|
mvwnZi De I weKvk De I weKvk `ywU mvwnZKg 3.
evLv KiZ cvie| cvj mb
1. 1.
4. cvPxb evsjvi ag, AvPvi- 2. 2.
Abyvb, Drme I evsjv`ki cvPxb weLvZ wn`y I e
ixwZbxwZZ RbMYi o cvPxb evsjvi GjvKvjv mK Ges Zuv`i wewfb
c`wkZ g~jeva I wekvm mvswZK Rxeb I AvPvi-Abyvb mK wRvmv|
evLv KiZ cvie| g~jeva I wekvm:
ag, AvPvi-Abyvb, gV I gw`i KvbwU
AveMxq Dcvmbvjq evLv `vI
5. cvPxb evsjvi Av_-mvgvwRK Drme I ixwZbxwZ
I mvswZK PPvq ZrKvjxb
iZc~Y ivReskmg~ni
Ae`vb mK BwZevPK
aviYv cvlY KiZ mg
ne|
6. BwZnvm PPvi gvag cvPxb
evsjvi Av_-mvgvwRK,
mvswZK Rxebi De I
weKvk mK RvbZ AvMnx
ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 136
cg Aavq : gahyMi evsjvi ivRbwZK BwZnvm (1204 wL:-1757 wL:) (18 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. gahyMi evsjvi gymjgvb evsjvq gymjgvb kvmbi h mKj ewk ev DjLhvM NUbvi kvmK I kvmbKvji
kvmb cwZv cei m~Pbv : cvcU cvPxbhyM I gahyMi wefvRb eYbvi avivevwnKZv
DjLhvM w`Kmg~n eYbv o eLwZqvi LjwR NU m welqi AvjvPbv w`q i Kiv| eRvq ivLZ ne|
KiZ cvie| o BIqvR LjwR kvmKMYi cqvRbxq wP
mshvRb KiZ ne|
2. gahyM myjZvwb Avgj ^vaxb myjZvwb Avgj QK c~iY :
Kvjvbyg Zwi Ki PvUi mvnvh kvmKi bvg Kvjvbyg
evsjvi eskvbywgK kvmb (1336 wL:-1538 wL:) gymjgvb`i AvMgbi ci h mKj 1. eLwZqvi
Ges Zuv`i ivRbwZK KwZZ o Bwjqvm kvnx esk LjwR
cwieZb msNwUZ nq Zvi KviYjv I
evLv KiZ cvie| o ivRv MYk I nvekx 2. BwjqvQ kvn
cfve msw AvKvi Zzj aiv| 3. wMqvm Dwb
kvmb Avhg kvn
o mbkvnx esk 4. AvjvDxb
3. evsjvq AvdMvb kvmbvgj I
AvdMvb kvmb I evif~uBqv mb kvn
kvmKMYi KwZZ eYbv KiZ
(1538 wL: -1576 wL:)
cvie|
4. evsjvq evif~uBqv`i BwZnvm
I cwiPq eYbv KiZ cvie|

5. gyNj kvmbvgj evsjvq

mye`vi I beve`i
kvmbKvji ivRbwZK gyNj kvmb (1576 wL: -
w`Kmg~n weklY KiZ 1757 wL: : mye`vwi I
cvie| bevwe Avgj

AveMxq
6. avivevwnKfve gahyM
evsjvi gymjgvb kvmKMYi
ivRbwZK BwZnvm Rvbvi
gvag vbi wfZ mymsnZ
ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 137
l Aavq : gahyMi evsjvi mvgvwRK, A_bwZK I mvswZK BwZnvm (12 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. gahyM evsjvi Av_-mvgvwRK mvgvwRK I mvswZK gymjgvb`i AvMgb eemv-evwYR, welqei mv_ msMwZ
I mvswZK cwieZb myjZvb Rxeb ( Lv`, cvkvK, wk, wkKjv I vcZi cmvi Ges iL wewfb kvmKi
I gyNj kvmKMYi Ae`vb Ajvi I msMxZ) agxq mwnzZvi Dci Kx cwieZb GmQ evmvb, mgvwa, `yM, wewfb
evLv KiZ cvie| A_bwZK Aev I eemv QvU QvU ck Kiv| mgqi gy`v, BgviZi Qwe
2. gahyM evsjvi eemv-evwYR, evwYR evsjvi cvPxb I gahyMi Av_-mvgvwRK BZvw` mshvRb Ki
vcZ I wPKjvi weKvk ewki Dci GKwU Zzjbvg~jK wP eYbv KiZ ne|
vcZ I wPKjv
myjZvb I gyNj kvmKMYi Zwi Ki Kvm wKsev QvU QvU `j DjLhvM vcZ I
Ae`vb g~jvqb KiZ cvie| gwLKfve Dcvcbi eev Kiv| wPKjvi wb`kbi Qwe
AvaywbK evsjv`ki gymwjg kvmbvgji msewjZ eYbv _vKe|
wZwP ev wb`kbjv Kv_vq AvQ Zv jvjevM Kjv, eoKvUiv, mvgvwRK, mvswZK I
3. gahyM myjZvwb I gyNj cwiwewei gvRvi, mvbv
wkv_x`i wRm Kiv| AvwjKv, agxq eYbvq kvmKMYi
kvmbvgj evsjvi agxq Aev gmwR`, lvU M^yR gmwR`
asmvekl, Ajvi, nvwZqvi I Am agxq mwnzZv msewjZ
eYbv KiZ cvie| agxq Aev Gjv Kvb kvmKi
mg mve HwZnvwmK vb eovZ D`vniY w`q eYbv KiZ
wbq hvIqv Ges wkKi mnvqZvq Avgji wb`kb Zvi ZvwjKv ne|
4. gahyM evsjv fvlv I cwZe`b Zwi Kiv| cZ Ki| gahyMi cvkvK,
mvwnZi De I weKvk cZKZ cwZe`b
QK c~iY : AjsKvi I gymwjg wki
myjZvb I gyNj kvmKMYi fvlv, mvwnZ I wkv kwYK Dcvcb Kiv
gymwjg kvmKi bvg Zuvi Avgji mvwnZKg msw aviYv w`Z ne|
Ae`vb wPwZ KiZ cvie| c~iYKZ QKi mwVKZv
AveMxq 1. 1. gahyM fvlv, mvwnZ I
2. 2. wbicY Kiv wkvi De I weKvk Ges
5. gahyM evsjvq gymjgvb`i 3. 3.
AvMgbi dj evOvwj kvmKMYi ccvlKZv
RxebcYvjx I wPvavivi mK weeiY _vKZ
BwZevPK cwieZbmg~n ne|
DcjwZ mg ne| gahyM gymjgvb
6. myjZvwb I gyNj Avgji kvmKMYi AvMgbi
Ae`vb I vcZ, wb`kbi djvdji BwZevPK
HwZnvwmK iZ Abyaveb w`Kjvi eYbvq _vKZ
Ki cwi`kb AvMnx ne| ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 138

mg Aavq : evsjvq BsiR kvmbi m~Pbvce
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. evsjvq BsiR kvmbi
cUf~wg evLv KiZ cvie|
2. cjvkx I evii hyi KviY
I djvdj g~jvqb KiZ
cvie|
3. BsiR kvmb cwZvq
`Iqvbx jvfi iZ evLv
KiZ cvie|
(10 wcwiqW )
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
gvbwP c`kb :
BsiR kvmbi cUf~wg h me BDivcxq kw fviZ BDivcxq kwi fviZ el gvbwPi gvag cjvkx I
Dcgnv`k evwYR KiZ Avm AvMgbi avivevwnK evii hy wPwZ
BDivcxq gvbwP Zv`i Aevb wPwZ ZvwjKv cZ Kiv| Ki eYbv KiZ ne|
cjvkxi hy
Kiv|
evii hy
cjvkxi hy Dfqci mwbK`i
`Iqvbx jvf
Aevb wPi gvag wb`k Kiv|
cjvkx hy& cieZxKvji beve`i
ZvwjKv cZ Kiv|

wPivqx e`ve weZK : weZK DcvwcZ welqi

4. wPivqx e`vei cUf~wg I
Gi djvdj evLv KiZ wPivqx e`ve evsjvi Av_-mvgvwRK Dci wkv_x`i gZvgZ
Dbqb Aivq wQj| 1.
cvie|
2.
3.
4.

wPivqx e`vei myweav-

Amyweavi Zzjbvg~jK
AvjvPbv|

AveMxq
5. BsiR kvmbi dj evsjvi
ivRbwZK cwieZbmg~n
Abyaveb mg ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 139

Ag Aavq : BsiR kvmb Avgj evsjvq cwZiva, beRvMiY I msvi Av`vjb (16 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. BsiR kvmbvgj evsjvq cwZiva Av`vjb Kvb Aevi cwicwZ dwKi- Km vwW cZ Kiv evsjvq cwZiva,
cwZiva Av`vjbi cwZ dwKi-mbvmx Av`vjb mbvmxiv cwZiva Av`vjb Mo Zvj beRvMiY I msvi
Ges Gi Zvrch weklY Zvi Dci GKwU Km vwW cYqbi Av`vjb Ask MnYKvix
wZZzgxii msMvg
KiZ cvie| MvBW jvBb `Iqv| iZc~Y eweMi Qwe I
bxj we`vn
wZZzgxii euvki Kjvi Dci GKwU Ae`vb DjLc~eK eYbv
divqwR Av`vjb
Wgvbkb| _vKe|

2. beRvMiY I msvi beRvMiY I msvi DcwZ eZv :

Av`vjb wekl eweMi Av`vjb beRvMiY Av`vjbi msviK`i DcwZ eZvi wbavwiZ
Ae`vb g~jvqb KiZ cvie| ivRv ivggvnb ivq welqwUi Dci wkv_xi
mK DcwZ ee jUvwii gvag
wWivwRI I Bqs ej wbevPb| gwLK Dcvcbv g~jvqb
gyfgU
AveMxq
3. BsiR kvmbi wei hy I CkiP` we`vmvMi
cwZiva Av`vjbi wewfb nvRx gyn` gnmxb
NUbv cevni ga w`q beve Avyj jwZd
`kcg Dy ne| mq` Avgxi Avjx
eMg ivKqv
4. wewfb msviK I msvi
KgKv Rvbvi gvag gy
wPvq AbycvwYZ ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 140

beg Aavq : BsiR kvmb Avgj evsjvi ^vwaKvi Av`vjb (17 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywewxq
1. BsiR kvmb Avgj evsjvi 1857 mvji ^vaxbZv evnv`yi kvn cvKi Qwe c`kb Ki Kvb evsjvq mk wecex
^vwaKvi I ivRbwZK msMvg Aevi cvcU 1857 wL: fviZxq Av`vjb cxwZjZvi
Av`vjb Ges Gi djvdj wmcvwniv we`vn NvlYv Ki Ae`vbmn DjLhvM
g~jvqb KiZ cvie| Abymvbg~jK GKK KvR| eweMi f~wgKvi eYbv
1857 mvj wmcvwn we`vn Kvb Kvb KiZ ne|
Kx cwieZb GmwQj Zv cqvRbxq Qwe I `ki
wPwZKiY| mshvRb KiZ ne|
ef (1905 wL:-
1911wL:)
^`kx Av`vjb weZK
wLjvdZ I AmnhvM ej cv Amv`vwqK PZbvi weZK DcvwcZ welqi
Av`vjb cwZdjb| Dci wkv_x`i gZvgZ
evsjvq mk wecex 1.
Av`vjb (1911-1930) 2.
^ivR I ej cv 3.
4.
AveMxq
jvnvi cve
2. wewfb Av`vjb mK
RvbZ AvMnx ne| AL evsjvi D`vM
jvnvi cve Abyhvqx cvwKvb mw nq
3. mvgvwRK I ivRbwZK ewUk kvmb Aemvb: fviZ wbgvbwP c`kbc~eK kwYK
AwaKvi welq cviwiK I cvwKvbi Afz`q hwKZv wbicY|
gZwewbgq Dy ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 141

`kg Aavq : fvlv Av`vjb I ZrcieZx ivRbwZK NUbv cevn (16 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. fvlv Av`vjbi Zvrch fvlv Av`vjb wfwWI/wP c`kb c`wkZ wPi NUbvewji Aavqi AvjvPbvi welq
evLv KiZ cvie| o cUf~wg fvlv Av`vjbi Dci wbwgZ wfwWI/wP Dci wkv_xi gZvgZ mswk cqvRbxq Qwe
2. 21k diqvwiK AvRvwZK o chvq c`kb Kiv| 1. hgb- knx` wgbvi, knx`
gvZfvlvi ^xKwZi cvcU o Zvrch fvlv Av`vjb mK wkv_x`i vb 2. wgbvi cy AcY, mfv
Ges Gi ghv`v eYbv KiZ o AvRvwZK gvZfvlv I `wfw hvPvBqi Rb ckKiY| 3. mgvek, wgwQji Qwe
cvie| AskMnYg~jK KvR : 4. mshvRb KiZ ne|
wkKi mnvqZvq we`vjq D`hvwcZ AskMnYKZ w`emi Dci AvRvwZKfve 21k
knx` w`em I AvRvwZK gvZfvlv cwZe`b Zwi Kiv deqvwiK ^xKwZ Ges
ivRbwZK ZrciZv w`em wkv_x`i AskMnY| evwoi KvRi g~jvqb ghv`vi eYbv _vKZ ne|
o c~e cvwKvb gymwjg evwoi KvR :
3. bZzb ivRbwZK msMVbi QvjxM 1948 we`vjq D`hvwcZ knx` w`em I
cqvRbxqZv eYbv KiZ o AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM AvRvwZK gvZfvlv w`emi Dci
cvie| 1949 cwZe`b Zwi|
hydU Ges cv`wkK
4. hydU MVb Ges ZrcieZx wbevPb (1954)
NUbv cevn g~jvqb KiZ o hydU MVbi
cvie| cUf~wg Ges 21`dv
Kgm~wP cvvi /PvU c`kb :
AveMxq o 1954 mvji wbevPb hydU MVbi KviY wPwZ Kiv
5. fvlv Av`vjbi cwZ mvb Ges Gi Zvrch 1.
cvlYi gvag fvlv o wbevPb cieZx NUbv 2. welqi mwVKZv wbicY
knx``i cwZ kv c`kb cevn : c~e evsjvq 3.
AvMnx ne| K`i kvmb 4.
6. ivRbwZK Av`vjb mK 5.
fve wewbgq Drmvnx ne Ges
AciKI Drmvnx Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 142

GKv`k Aavq : mvgwiK kvmb I ^vwaKvi Av`vjb (1958 wL:-1969 wL:) (15 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. cvwKvbi ivRbxwZZ 1958 mvji mvgwiK c~e cvwKvbi cwZ elg
mvgwiK evwnbxi nc m kvmb Ges mvgwiK kvmb AvjvPbvq LvZIqvwi
cwiwwZ evLv KiZ cvie| weivax Av`vjb elgi cwimsLvb DjL
2. 1965 mvji cvK-fviZ 1965 mvji cvK-fviZ KiZ ne|
hyi cvcU Ges Gi hy ivRbwZK NUbvcevni
djvdj eYbv KiZ cvie| AvjvPbvq avivevwnKZv
QK c~iY : iv KiZ ne|
3. ZrKvjxb c~e I cwg elgi c~e cwg
c~e cvwKvbi cwZ elg
cvwKvbi gaKvi elg c~e I cwg cvwKvbi RxebwP wnme cvwKvb cvwKvb
A_bwZK
evLv KiZ cvie| ZLbKvi Leii KvMR Kx cwZe`b mvgwiK
_vKv ? kvmK Mvxi elgi `k ckvmwbK
4. evOvwji ^vwaKvi Av`vjb Qq`dv I evOvwj cwZdwjZ Ki Ggb GKwU PvU ZwiZ mvswZK

Qq `dvi iZ weklY KiZ RvZxqZvev` wkv_x`i mnvqZv Kiv|

cvie|

5. HwZnvwmK AvMiZjv gvgjvi 1968 HwZnvwmK

iZ evLv KiZ cvie| AvMiZjv gvgjv (iv
ebvg kL gywReyi ingvb Km vwW g~jvqb
Km vwW:
I Abvb) 1968 mvji HwZnvwmK AvMiZjv
6. GMvi`dv mK eYbv KiZ GMvi`dv Av`vjb gvgjvGKwU lohg~jK gvgjv|
cvie|
7. 1969 mvji MYAfyvbi 1969 mvji MYAfzvb
cwZ I djvdj eYbv
cZKZ ZvwjKv _K
KiZ cvie| cvvi/PvU c`kb :
welqei mwVKZv wbicY
1969 mvji MYAfyvbi DjLhvM
AveMxq NUbvi ZvwjKv cZ Kiv (GKK KvR)
8. `ki ^v_ I AwaKvi Av`vq
mPZb ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 143
v`k Aavq : mii wbevPb Ges gywhy
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. 1970 mvji mvaviY
wbevPbi cfve weklY wbevPb Ges cieZx
KiZ cvie|
2. gywhy cwiPvjbvq Avqx
miKvii f~wgKv eYbv KiZ
cvie|
(26 wcwiqW )
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
PvU ZwiKiY : QK c~iY :
1970 mvji mvaviY 1970Gi RvZxq cwil` wbevPbi ivRbwZK `j cv Avmb
gywhy I 1971 mvji
djvdj| ^vaxbZv hyi NUbv
NUbvcevn avivevwnK NUbvi ZvwjKv cZKiY : cevni eYbv DjLc~eK
1970Gi wbevPb _K cqvRbxq Qwe mshvRb
16B wWm^i 1971Gi KiZ ne| gywhy I
1970Gi wbevPb _K 16B wWm^i DjLhvM 5wU NUbvi wewfb msMVb ckvRxex,
1971Gi DjLhvM NUbvmg~ni| ZvwjKv cZ Kiv bvix I cPvi gvag (
cvvi/PvU c`kb : 1. `wk, we`wk ) Qwe
kwYK wkK PvU ev cvvi 2. msewjZ wewfb NUbvi
eezi 7B gvPi fvlYi DjLhvM 3. eYbv KiZ ne|
Ask D Kieb| wkv_xiv D 4. evsjv`k bvgi avivevwnK
welq Zv`i gZvgZ w`e| ( kwYi 5. BwZnvm, RvZxq cZvKvi
KvR) Qwe msewjZ BwZnvm I
QK c~iY : RvZxq msMxZ wbaviYi
D Ask wkv_xi gZvgZ BwZnvm _vKe|
1. 1.
2. 2.
gywhyi wbevwPZ
3. 3. wZi Qwe msewjZ
gywhy Ges 1971 mvji
4. 4. eYbv _vKe|
^vaxbZv
o ^vaxbZv NvlYv I 7B gvPi eezi fvlYi
evsjv`k miKvi Qwe _vKZ ne|
(gywRe bMi) MVb

hyi cavb NUbvewj

o Aei evsjv`k
o ^vaxbZv weivax`i
AcZrciZv

RvZxq wkvg 2012 144

v`k Aavq : mzii wbevPb Ges gywhy (26 wcwiqW ) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv

3. gywhvv`i f~wgKv g~jvqb gywhy I wewfb msMVb: Qwe c`kb :

KiZ cvie|
4. ^vaxbZv I wek gvbwP
evsjv`k welqwU weklY
KiZ cvie|
5. RvZxq cZvKv Zwi I Gi
eenvi Kkj eYbv KiZ
cvie|
6. evsjv`ki RvZxq msMxZ
wbaviYi BwZnvm eYbv
KiZ cvie|
7. gywhyi wewfb wZi gywhyi wZ:
iZ evLv KiZ cvie| (wbevwPZ)
o ivRbwZK `j ^vaxbZv hyi NUbvewj wbq
o Qv gywhy AskMnYKvix wewfb kwY/
o ckvRxex ckvi Qwe c`kb Kiv|
o bvix
o mvsevw`K I mvswZK
Kgx
o ivRbwZK eweM
gywhy wek RbgZ I wewfb
`ki f~wgKv
^vaxb evsjv`ki Afz`q:
o wek gvbwP
evsjv`ki f~L I cheY :
evsjv`k bvgi BwZnvm
we`vjq RvZxq cZvKv Dvjb Ges
o RvZxq cZvKv I eenvi I wbqgvewj| (Dvjb, wkv_xi gZvgZ _K
RvZxq msMxZi AabwgZ) welqei h_v_Zv g~jvqb
BwZnvm Kiv|
DcwZ eZv:
QvU QvU KvMR jUvwii gvag
1. RvZxq wZma gywhy mwKZ wZmg~ni
DcwZ eZvi wbavwiZ
2. AcivRq evsjv Dci ee Dcvcb|
welqi gvag gwLK
3. gywRebMi wZma
Dcvcbv g~jvqb Kiv|
4. eywRxex wZma
5. wkLv wPib
6. ivqi evRvi eaf~wg

RvZxq wkvg 2012 145

v`k Aavq : mii wbevPb Ges gywhy (26 wcwiqW ) Pjgvb 3
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
gbvcwkR
8. evsjv`k Afy`qi NUbvi
avivevwnKZv eRvq iL AwZw_ ev :
cvvi Ab KiZ cvie| kwYK vbxq GKRb gywhvvi
9. ^vaxbZv w`em Qwe Ab Ki kwYK AwZw_
wZPviY I gZwewbgq|
c`kb KiZ cvie| gywhvvi wZPviY I
gZwewbgqi AwfZv
_K wkv_x GKKfve
GKwU cwZe`b wjLe|
AveMxq
10. gywhyi iZ Abyaveb Ki
`kcg Dy ne|

11. RvZxq cZvKvi ghv`v ivq

Qwe Ab/c`kb :
mPZb ne|
12. gywhyi wZ msiY wkKi mnvqZvq ^vaxbZv w`em
AvMnx ne| gywhyi Dci wewfb Qwe c`kb wKsev
Qwe Abi eev Kiv
gywhywfwK cvgvY/PjwP c`kb

RvZxq wkvg 2012 146

qv`k Aavq : eez kL gywReyi ingvbi kvmbKvj (1972 wL:-1975wL:) (08 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq PvU/ cvvi c`kb :
1. hywea `ki cybMVb eez kL gywReyi gywhy wZM I wea jv c`wkZ PvU/ cvvi eez kL gywReyi
Kvhg eYbv KiZ cvie| ingvbi kvmbKvj - wPwZ Kiv DjwLZ welqi mwVKZv ingvbi kvmbKvj
o Dbqb cybMVb I 1. hvPvB Kiv| msm`xq miKvi eev
cybevmb Kvhg (hy 2. ceZbi cvcUi eYbv
cieZx) 3. _vKe| ^vaxb `ki
o msm`xq miKvi eev 4. msweavb cYqbi cUf~wg
ceZb DjLc~eK msweavb
2. msweavb cYqbi cUf~wg cYqbi cwqvi msw
evLv KiZ cvie| o msweavb cYqb-1972 weeiY _vKe|
PvU 1972Gi msweavbi
hywea `k cybMVb I
g~jbxwZjv c`kb Ki Gjvi
cybevmb Ges e`wkK
ewk mK ckvii gvag
mK Dbqb miKvii
gZvgZ `Iqv|
3. eezi kvmbKvji MnxZ c`cjvi msw
DjLhvM NUbvcevn eYbv eYbv _vKe|
o e`wkK mK
KiZ cvie| Kx cwZ eezi
o ivcwZ kvwmZ QKi gvag kwYZ gwcwil` I
kvmbvgj msm`xq miKvi
miKvi eevq ivcwZ kvwmZ miKvii ewk wPwZ c~iYKZ QKi mwVKZv
g~jvqb Kiv| eev _K ivcwZ kvwmZ
cZveZb (1974) Kiv (GKK KvR)
AveMxq ivcwZ kvwmZ gwcwil` kvwmZ
miKvii cZveZb NU
o 15B AvM, 1975
4. RvwZi wcZvi cwZ kvkxj miKvi miKvi Zvi weeiY _vKe|
nZvKv I L`Kvi
ne| gvkZvKi iv
1. 1.
5. `ki msweavbi cwZ 2. 2.
gZv `Lj 3. 3.
kvkxj ne| 4. 4.

RvZxq wkvg 2012 147

PZy`k Aavq : mvgwiK kvmb I ZrcieZx NUbvcevn (1975 wL:-1990wL:)
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. mvgwiK kvmbi m~cvZ Ges
cieZx ivRbwZK
NUbvcevni eYbv KiZ
cvie|
2. cwmWU wRqvDi ingvbi o Nivqv ivRbxwZ Pvjy, nuv /
kvmb Avgji DjLhvM
w`Kjv eYbv KiZ cvie|
3. 1982 mvji mvgwiK kvmb
Ges ZrcieZx NUbv cevni
m cwiwwZ mK g~jvqb wePvicwZ mvvii miKvi
KiZ cvie|
4. Gikv` miKvii ckvmwbK
msvii iZc~Y o Dbqb KgKv I ckvmwbK Qwe c`kb :
cwieZbjvi evLv KiZ
cvie|
5. 1990 mvji MYAfzvbi
cUf~wg Ges djvdj evLv
KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
6. evsjv`k MYZi Zvrch
Ges Gi cqvM mK
BwZevPK gbvfve c`kb
Kie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(12 wcwiqW )
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
ZvwjKv cZKiY :
L`Kvi gvkZvK I wePvicwZ 15 AvM 1975 _K cZKZ ZvwjKv L`Kvi gvkZvKi ivgZv `Lji ci
mvqgi miKvi; mvgwiK 1982 mvj ch _K welqi mvgwiK Afzvb I cvv mvgwiK
Afyvb I cvv Afyvb ivcwZMYi GKwU mwVKZv hvPvB Kiv Afzvbi cvcU ivgZvq wRqvDi
wRqvDi ingvbi miKvi- KvjvbywgK ZvwjKv cZ ingvbi Dvbi BwZnvmi msw eYbv
Kiv (GKK KvR) KiZ ne|
bv fvU I bZzb ivRbwZK Nivqv ivRbxwZ, bZzb ivRbwZK `j MVb
`j MVb I e`jxq MYZi NUbv DjLc~eK
o ivcwZ wbevPb (1978) wRqvDi ingvbi kvmbvgji Dbqb
o RvZxq msm` wbevPb KgKv I Kgm~wP, e`wkK mK Ges
(1979) ivcwZ wbevPbi weeiY eYbv KiZ
o Dbqb Kgm~wP ne| wRqvDi ingvbi nZvKv I
o e`wkK mK wePvicwZ mvvii miKvii msw eYbv
o wRqvDi ingvb nZvKv I _vKe|
Rbvij Gikv`i gZv `Lji
mvgwiK Afzvb; Rbvij cvcU DjLc~eK Zuvi kvmbvgji
Gikv`i miKvi- Dbqb KgKv I DcRjv cwil` ceZb
Ges e`wkK mK I mvKMVb mK
c`wkZ Qwe `L
msvi Gikv` miKvii msw eYbv w`Z ne|
gZvgZ `Iqv
o e`wkK mK kvmbvgji MYAv`vjbi Gikv`i kvmbvgji ^ivPvi weivax
o ivcwZ I msm` wbevPb Av`vjbi NUbvi DjLc~eK
wewfb Qwe c`kb Ki
o ^ivPvi weivax Av`vjb MYZi cybivb
wkv_x`i wbq AvjvPbv MYAfzvbi (1990) cUf~wg I
o MYAfyvb 1990 Gikv`i 1990 Gi
Kiv| Gikv`i cZbi msw eYbv _vKe|
cZb MYAfyvbi f~wgKv
cvvi/ PvU c`kb : G miKvi weivax I MYAfyvbi
wewfb Qwe mshvRb KiZ ne|
cvvi/PvU 1969 I
1990 mvji Gikv`i cZbi ci AeZxKvjxb
MYAfzvbi Dci miKvii MVb Ges MYZi cybthvv
Zzjbvg~jK AvjvPbv Kiv| mK eYbv _vKe|
148
c`k Aavq : wekmfZv ( wbevwPZ ) (32 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. cvPxb wgkixq mfZvi wgkixq mfZv: wek gvbwP wgki, wmz, wMm I ivgi wbevwPZ wekmfZvjvi
gweKvki aviv eYbv KiZ o cUf~wg, fMvwjK mfZv Mo DVvi Ajjv gvbwP c`kb Ki
cvie| Aevb I mgqKvj wPwZKiY| cUf~wg, fMvwjK
2. bxj b`i Ae`vb DjLc~eK o iv I mgvR Ges bxj DwjwLZ mfZvjvi mgqKvji Aevb Ges mfZvi
cvPxb wgkii iv I mgvRi b`i cwiPq GKwU ZvwjKv cZKiY| Ae`vb mK eYbv
eYbv KiZ cvie| o mfZvq wgkixq`i KiZ ne|
cvPxb wgki, wmz, wMm I ivgi wewfb
3. wekmfZvi weKvk cvPxb Ae`vb bxjb`i Ae`vb
Qwe, wP c`kb Ki AvjvPbvi
wgkixq mfZvi iZc~Y ag, wkKjv I DjLc~eK cvPxb wgkii
m~cvZ Kiv|
Ae`vbmg~n g~jvqb KiZ fvh iv I mgvRi eYbv
cvie| wjLb cwZ, _vKZ ne|
KvMR Avwevi wekmfZvi cvVjvZ
Ges wevb welq mswk wewfb wP,
4. wmz mfZvi Avwevii
wmy mfZv Qwe, `k hgb-
Kvwnbx I fMvwjK Aevb wmz mfZvi mgq Kx aibi AjsKvi
o cUf~wg, fMvwjK wcivwgW, vcZ, fvh,
RvbZ cvie| Ges cvkvK eenvi Kiv nZv Zvi
Aevb I mgqKvj mfZvi gweKvki
5. wmz mfZvi ivRbwZK, GKwU ZvwjKv cZKiY
o ivRbwZK I Qwe mshvRb KiZ
Av_-mvgvwRK I agxq Aev
mvgvwRK Aev ne|
eYbv KiZ cvie|
o A_bwZK I agxq wgkixq wjLb cwZi
6. mfZvi weKvk wmz mfZvi
Aev Aii bgybv mshvRb
bMi cwiKbv, wkKjv I
o wmzy mfZvi Ae`vb KiZ ne|
fvhi eYbv KiZ cvie|
bMi cwiKbv I wmz mfZvi vcZ I
cwigvc cwZ fvhi Qwe, wP
wk, vcZ I DjLc~eK eYbv KiZ
fvh ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 149

c`k Aavq : wekmfZv ( wbevwPZ ) (32 wcwiqW ) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
7. fMvwjK Aevb I mgqKvji MxK mfZv
eYbvc~eK wMK mfZvi Dei o cUf~wg, fMvwjK MxK mfZvq bMi ivi
cUf~wg eYbv KiZ cvie| Aevb I mgqKvj aviYv c`vbc~eK G_i
MxK mfZvi weLvZ gbxlx`i
8. mvgwiK bMiivi aviYv c`vbc~eK o mvgwiK bMi iv I bvgi ZvwjKv cZKiY MYZvwK iv I vUv
MYZvwK bMiiv mK evLv MYZvwK iv, G_i mK eYbv _vKe|
KiZ cvie| cwiPq ivgvb mfZvq ivg bMix
9. wekmfZvi AMMwZZ wMK o mfZvq wMmi Ae`vb:
ivgvb mfZvi cw_Kr`i
I ivgvb kvmbi wewfb
mfZvi wkv, mswZ, ag, `kb I Dci DcwZ eZv (VIPP
wkv, mvwnZ, ag I avci cwiPq w`Z ne|
Card)
wevbi Ae`vb eYbv KiZ `kb PvU/ cvvi c`kb :
cvie| wevb, vcZ,
10. fMvwjK Aevb I mgqKvj wekmfZvq wgki, wmz, wMm I
fvh I Ljvayjv
DjLc~eK cvPxb ivgvb mfZv ivgi DjLhvM Ae`vb
ivgvb mfZv: DcwZ eZvi gvag
eYbv KiZ cvie| DjL Kiv|
o cUf~wg, fMvwjK mfZv Ae`vb
wbavwiZ welqi gwLK
11. ivg bMix I ivgvb kvmbi wewfb Aevb I mgqKvj wgki 1. Dcvcbv g~jvqb|
avc mK evLv KiZ cvie| o ivg bMix I ivgvb
2.
3.
12. wkv, mvwnZ I wjLb cwZi kvmbi cwiPq 4.
weKvk cvPxb ivgvb mfZvi o mfZvq ivgi Ae`vb
5.
c~iYKZ QKi
wmz 1.
Ae`vb weklY KiZ cvie| wkv, mvwnZ I 2. Ae`vbjv Gjvgjv
13. mfZvi weKvk cvPxb ivgvb wjLb cwZ
3.
Ki `wLq KvbwU Kvb
4.
mfZvi vcZ fvh I wevbi vcZ, fvh I 5. mfZvi ZvwjKv cZ
Ae`vb eYbv KiZ cvie| wevb
wMm 1.
Kiv|
2.
14. wekmfZvq cvPxb ivgvb mfZvi ag, `kb I AvBb 3. Ae`vb mfZv
ag, `kb I AvBbi cfve 4. 1.
5. 2.
AvjvPbv KiZ cvie| ivg 1. 3.
AveMxq 2.
4.
3.
15. wekmfZv mK vb jvfi 4. 5.
gvag cvPxb BwZnvm I HwZni 5.
cwZ kvkxj ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 150

 wkvg
f~Mvj I cwiek
beg-`kg kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 151

 1. f~wgKv

gvawgK ii f~Mvj wkvi cPwjZ wkvgwU mekl 1995 mvj Dbqb Kiv nq| GiB ga wek vb wevbi AbK cmvi NUQ Ges f~Mvj welqi vb fvviI e
cwieZb GmQ| f~Mvj GLb ay `k, ivRavbx, cvnvo, ceZ, b`x, mvMi, Avg`vwb, ivwb, wk I LwbR welqi gaB mxgve bq| Gi cwiwa GLb AvMi Pq AbK evcK;
hgb- gvbyl I Zvi cwiek, A_bwZK I Dbqb KgKv, gvbyl KZK cwieki cwieZb ev cwieki KviY gvbyli Rxeb avivi cwieZb, cvKwZK `yhvM cfwZI f~Mvj welqi
AMZ| G me beZi vbvRbi Rb 2011 mvj f~Mvj welqi wkvg cwieZb, cwieab I Dbqbi KvR nvZ bIqv nq| G wkvgwUi welqe Ges Gi webvm
hgb cwieZb mvab Kiv nqQ Zgwb Gi bvgKiYI cwieZb Ki f~Mvj I cwiek Kiv nqQ| G wkvgi weklZ njv GZ gvbyl, cwiek, wewfb cwiek Rxebaviv,
A_bwZK KgKv Ges DbqbK ewk cvavb `Iqv nqQ| mevcwi f~Mvj welqwUK AviI ewk Rxeb Nwb Ges wkv_x`i KvQ AvKlYxq Kivi cqvm bIqv nqQ |

RvZxq wkvg 2012 152

 2. Dk
1. f~Mvj I cwieki ^ic Ges cwimi mK vb jvf Kiv|
2. gnvwek, miRMZ, cw_ex I Abvb Mn-DcMn mK vb jvf Kiv|
3. cw_exi MwZ, w`ev-ivwi nvm- ew Ges FZz cwieZb mK Rvbv|
4. gvbwP cvVi iZ Abyaveb Kiv Ges Gi eenvwiK cqvM KiZ cviv|
5. fMvwjK Z_ Dcv mswk PvU, WvqvMvg, mviwY, wP, gWj, gvbwP, cfwZ evLv I cqvM KiZ cviv|
6. cw_exi evwnK I AfixY MVb mK AeMZ nIqv|
7. AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi aviYv jvf Kiv Ges wekevcx Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve mK AeMZ nIqv|
8. b`x, mvMi, gnvmvMi I Rvqvi fuvUv mK vb jvf Kiv|
9. RbmsLv I cwiek Ges G`i cviwiK cfve mK Rvbv jvf Kiv|
10. gvbe emwZ Ges cwieki YMZ gvbvbqb I msiY `vwqZkxj nIqv|
11. A_bwZK Kvhvewj I m` mK Rvbv|
12. cvKwZK `yhvMi KviY I djvdj Rvbv Ges `yhvM gvKvejvq Rxeb`Zv ARb Kiv|
13. evsjv`ki fMvwjK cwiPq mK Rvbv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 153

3. Aavq webvm I wcwiqW eb
Aavqi bvg Aavqi bvg wcwiqW msLv
Aavq g wcwiqW msLv Aavq g
(9g kwYi Rb eivKZ) (10g kwYi Rb eivKZ)

Aavq 1 f~Mvj I cwiek 6 Aavq 8 gvbe emwZ 19

Aavq 2 wekRMZ I Avgv`i cw_ex 15 Aavq 9 m` I A_bwZK Kvhvewj 13

Aavq 3 gvbwP cVb I eenvi 15 evsjv`k: fMvwjK cviwPwZ

Aavq 10 evsjv`ki fMvwjK weeiY 18

Aavq 4 cw_exi evwnK I AfixY MVb 20
evsjv`ki m` I wk
Aavq 11 12
Aavq 12
Aavq 5 evqygj 27 evsjv`ki hvMvhvM I evwYR 11

Aavq 13 evsjv`ki Dbqb KgKv I cwieki fvimvg 07

Aavq 6 evwigj 16
Aavq 7 RbmsLv 24 Aavq 14 evsjv`ki cvKwZK `yhvM 13

RvZxq wkvg 2012 154

 4. wkvg QK
beg-`kg kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 155

c_g Aavq : f~Mvj I cwiek (6 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq :

f~Mvj I cwieki gvbexq I cvKwZK cwieki Dcv`vb msewjZ f~Mvj I cwiek evLv| f~Mvj Ges cwiek
1. f~Mvj I cwieki aviYv aviYv wP c`kb | mK Avjv`v eYbvi
evLv KiZ cvie| `jMZ KvR: DjwLZ Dcv`vb `ywUi ga gvag aviYv e
cviwiK mK vcb| KiZ ne; AZci G
`ywU welq GKxf~Z
nIqvi hyw Zzj aiZ
ne, Avi Zv Kiv DwPZ
BbWvKwUf GcvP|
f~Mvj I cwieki f~Mvj I cwieki kvLv QK c`kb| QK c`wkZ kvLvi
cwiwa GKK KvR: kvLvwji ga iLv hy Ki D`vniY Dcvcb |
cviwiK mK vcb| f~Mvj I cwieki
cwiwa eYbv KiZ Gi
2. f~Mvj I cwieki cwiwa , kvLv Ges Abvb
eYbv KiZ cvie| kvLvi mv_ mK Zzj
f~Mvj I cwiek f~Mvj I cwiek cvVi iyZ mK f~Mvj I cwiek cvVi
AvjvPbv| aiZ ne|
cvVi iyZ iyZ eYbv|
evwoi KvR : f~Mvj I cwiek cvVi iyZ
eYbv |
f~Mvj I cwiek cvVi
3. f~Mvj I cwiek cvVi iyZ eYbvq f~Mvj I
iyZ evLv KiZ cvie| cwiek welqK wKQz
KvRi (Activity)
wb`kbv _vKe hvZ
AveMxq
wkv_xiv Gi iZ
mK wbR GjvKvi
4. f~Mvj I cwieki iZ eYbv Zzj aiZ cvi|
Abyaveb Ki Gi cvV
AvMnx I gbvhvMx ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 156

wZxq Aavq : gnvwek I Avgv`i cw_ex (15wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq

RvwZgj I miRMZi gWj ev wfwWIwP c`kb Ki miRMZi wP Ab RvwZgj Ges

1. gnvweki RvwZgj mi
miRMZ cw_ex, Mn-DcMn BZvw` mK AvjvPbv| I Mn-DcMni Aevb miRMZi AvjvKwP
RMZ, cw_ex I Abvb Mn-
GKK KvR: miRMZi wP Ab Abykxjb| c`kb| I gWj c`kb|
DcMni Aevb Ges ewk
`jMZ KvR: mi RMZ, cw_ex I Abvb miRMZi wewfb
eYbv KiZ cvie|
cw_exi AvKvi Mn-DcMni Aevb, AvKvi-AvKwZ Ges Mni ewki
2. cw_exi AvKvi AvKwZ I DcMn
AvKwZ I DcMn ewk DjL| Zzjbvg~jK weeiY QK
m^ eYbv KiZ cvie|
c`kb|
AiLv, Zvii mvnvh ZwiKZ cw_exi gWj c`wkZ gWj AiLv
3. AiLv I `vwNgviLvmn `vwNgviLv I AiLv, `vwNgviLv I iyZc~Y iLvmg~n I `vwNgviLvmn
iyZc~Y iLvmg~n evLv Ges iyZc~Y iLvmg~n mK eYbv| iZc~Y iLvmg~n
iZ eYbv KiZ cvie| kbvKiY Ges
GKK ev `jxq KvR: AiLv I `vwNgviLv gvbwP vb
4. AiLv I `vwNgviLv eenvi eenvi Ki gvbwP Kvb wbw` kni ev vb wPwZKiY|
Ki gvbwP wewfb vb kbv kbvKiY| Avevi gvbwP Kvb wbw` vbi
KiZ cvie| Avsk I `vwNgvsk wPwZKiY|
evwoi KvR: welyeiLvi wbKUeZx vbmg~n
AwaK D wK `~ieZx vbmg~n AwaK kxZj
_vKvi KviY evLv|

AvwK MwZ I cw_ex I m~hi N~Yb msewjZ wfwWIwP ev AvwK MwZ I evwlK
5. AvwK MwZ I evwlK MwZ evwlK MwZ gWj c`kb Ges AvwK MwZ I evwlK MwZ MwZi cv_K wbYq
evLv KiZ cvie AvjvPbv|
w`ev-ivw msNUb AKvi Ni gvgevwZ I f~-MvjK eenvi Ki
6. w`ev-ivw msNUb I nvm -ewi
w`ev-ivw msNUb evLv|
KviY Ges cfve weklY KiZ
cvie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 157

wZxq Aavq : gnvwek I Avgv`i cw_ex (15 wcwiqW) Pjgvb-2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
7. FZz cwieZbi KviY I cfve FZz cwieZbi cvviwP ev wfwWIwP c`kbi gvag w`ev- KviY DjLKiY:
weklY KiZ cvie| KviY I cfve ivwi nvm -ewi I FZz cwieZb evLv| w`ev-ivw w`ev- FZz
msNUb ivwi cwieZb
`jMZ KvR: w`ev- ivwi nvm -ew I FZz nvm -
cwieZbi KviY I cfve AvjvPbv | ew

evwoi KvR : 1... 1... 1...

2... 2... 2...
miRMZi gWj Zwi |
D`vniYmn w`ev-
ivwi nvm - ew I
FZz cwieZbi cfve
gbvcwkR weklY|
8. wewfb DcKiYi mvnvh
miRMZi gWj Zwi KiZ
cvie|

AveMxq

Avgv`i emevmi GKgv cw_ex

mK AviI ewk Rvbvi AvMn
cKvk Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 158

ZZxq Aavq : gvbwP cVb I eenvi (15 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq

1. gvbwPi aviYv, eenvi I iZ gvbwPi aviYv I cw_exi I evsjv`ki gvbwP Ges f~MvjK
evLv KiZ cvie| iZ c`kbi gvag gvbwP mK aviYv `vb| gvbwP I gvbwPi
eenvi Ges iZ
`jMZ KvR: gvbwPi eenvi I iZ mK
evLv|
AvjvPbv|

2. wewfb cKvii gvbwP mK gvbwPi cKvif` f~-cvKwZK, ivRbwZK I mggvb iLvwP gvbwPi cKvif`: f~-
eYbv w`Z cvie| gvbwP c`kb | wbPi gvbwPjvZ h cvKwZK, ivRbwZK I
GKK KvR: cZK cKvii ewk DjL| me welq _vK : mggvb iLvwP gvbwP|
f~-cvKwZK ivRbwZK mggvb
iLvwP
.... ... ....
.... ... ....
.... ... ....

3. gvbwP Z_-Dcv Dcvcb gvbwP Z_-Dcv
wbqgvewj eYbv KiZ cvie
Ges eenvwiK cqvM KiZ
cvie|
4. cgvY mgq I vbxq mgq eYbv
KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki gvbwP c`kbi gvag gvbwPi gvbwP Z_-Dcv
Dcvcb wbqgvewj c`wkZ gvbwPi wewfb Dcvcbi wbqgvewj
Dcv`vbjv mK AvjvPbv| Dcv`vb wPwZKiY|
D`vniYmn QK c`kb|
`jMZ KvR: gvbwP Z_-Dcv Dcvcb
wbqgvewj Abykxjb|
evwoi KvR: evsjv`ki gvbwP Ab I wefvM cgvY mgq I vbxq
c`kb| mgqi ga cv_K|
cgvY mgq I vbxq
mgq jvwV ev ` cwZZ m~hi j^ Aevb eywSq
vbxq mgq mK aviYv `vb|
GKK KvR: cgvY mgq I vbxq mgq wbYq|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 159

ZZxq Aavq : gvbwP cVb I eenvi (15 wcwiqW)
Pjgvb-2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq

5. vbf` mgqi cv_K nIqvi vbf` mgqi `jMZ KvR: `ywU wbw` vbi `vwNgvi vbf` mgqi cv_K
KviY evLv KiZ cvie| cv_K cv_Ki KviY Kxfve mgq wfb nq Zv `vwNgvi cv_Ki eySvZ D`vniY^ic
gvbwP ev f~MvjKi mvnvh wbYq| KviY cwiewZZ mgq KqKwU vbi mgqi
6. gvbwP wRwcGm I wRAvBGm gvbwP wRwcGm I wbYq | cv_K wbYq cwqv
Gi eenvi eYbv KiZ cvie| wRAvBGm Dcvcb|

gbvcwkR
7. Kvb wbw` vbi gvbwP AsKb
Ki GZ wewfb eY I cZxK
Dcvcb KiZ cvie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 160

PZz_ Aavq : cw_exi evwnK I AfixY MVb (20 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. cw_exi evwnK MVb eYbv KiZ cw_exi evwnK MVb : f~-ZKi Akgji cQ`i cvviwP ev f~-ZKi cQ`i wP
cvie| Akgj wfwWIwP c`kbi gvag wewfb i c`kb| Ab I wewfb Ask
GKK KvR: Akgji cQ` Ab| wPwZKiY|

2. cw_exi AfixY MVb eYbv KiZ cw_exi AfixY MVb cvviwP ev wfwWIwP f~-Afii MVbi f~-Afii MVbi
Dcv`vb: (wkjv I cQ` Ges wkjv I LwbRi bgybv c`kb| cQ` Ab I
cvie|
LwbRi kwYwefvM GKK KvR: f~-Afii MVbi cQ`i wPwZKiY|
Ges ewk) ewk eYbv| wkjv I LwbRi ga
`jMZ KvR: wkjv I LwbRi ewk cv_K|
kbvKiY|

f~-ci cwieZb f~-ci wewfb aibi cwieZbi D`vniYmn cv_K

3. f~-ci cwieZb cwqv evLv
cvviwP ev wfwWIwP c`kb Ges wbicY :
KiZ cvie| cwqv: (AvKwK
AvKwK axi cwieZb
cwieZb I axi AvKwK cwieZb I axi cwieZb mK cwieZb
cwieZb) aviYv `vb| .... ....
GKK KvR: AvKwK cwieZb I axi .... ....
cwieZb eYbv|
AvKwK cwieZbi KviY
4. f~-ci AvKwK cwieZbi KviY
evLv KiZ cvie|
f~-ci AvKwK `jMZ KvR: AvKwK cwieZb I axi DjL|
cwieZbi KviY cwieZbi KviY mK AvjvPbv|
f~wgK, mybvwg I
5. f~wgK, mybvwg I AMyrcvZi AMyrcvZi KviY Ges
KviY Ges djvdj weklY KiZ f~wgK, mybvwg I cvviwP ev wfwWIwPi gvag djvdj DjL |
cvie| AMyrcvZi KviY f~wgK, mybvwg I AMyrcvZi KviY Ges
Ges djvdj djvdj mK AvjvPbv|
`jMZ KvR : f~wgK, mybvwg I
AMyrcvZi KviY Ges djvdj eYbv|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 161
PZy_ Aavq : cw_exi evwnK I AfixY MVb (20 wcwiqW) Pjgvb-2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
6. Abymvb : Z_ Dcv chvjvPbvi 2004 mvj fviZ gnvmvMixq Aji `kmg~n Abymvbg~jK KvRi
wfwZ AZxZ msNwUZ Kvb GKwU Ges 2011 mvj Rvcvb msNwUZ mybvwgi Kvb wb`kbv Abyhvqx
mybvwgi cfve weklY KiZ GKwUK Abymvbg~jK KvRi welqe wnme g~jvqb|
cvie| weePbv Ki c cwKv, Rvbvj, BUvibU BZwv`
_K Z_ msMn Kiv hZ cvi|

7. f~-ci axi cwieZbi KviY I Avk cvki gwKv q hgb; ivvi avi, axi cwieZbi KviY I
djvdj evLv KiZ cvie| f~-c axi cwieZbi ei wkKo DbvPb BZvw`i Qwe c`kb| djvdj DjL |
KviY I djvdj
GKK KvR: axi cwieZbi KviY I djvdj
mK AvjvPbv|

b`xi MwZc_:
8. b`xi MwZc_ evLv KiZ cvie| b`xi MwZc_ Ab I
(EaMwZ, gaMwZ,
evW ev cvvi b`xi MwZc_ c`kb I evLv|
wbMwZ)
AvjvPbv|
GKK KvR: b`xi MwZc_ Abmn eYbv|

9. b`x viv m f~wgi~c eYbv KiZ b`x viv m f~wgi~c:

wP c`kb Ges evW Abi gvag b`x viv
cvie| (qRvZ, mqRvZ)
m f~wgi~c mK AvjvPbv| c`wkZ wP f~wgi~c
wPwZKiY Ges ewk
evwoi KvR: b`x viv m f~wgi~c|
DjL |
10. cw_exi cavb f~wgi~ci ewk eYbv cw_exi cavb f~wgi~c:
KiZ cvie| cavb f~wgi~ci cvviwP ev wfwWIwP ceZ, gvjf~wg I mgf~wgi
(ceZ,gvjf~wg I
c`kb| ewki Zzjbvg~jK eYbv|
mgf~wg)
`jMZ KvR: f~wgi~ci ewk mK AvjvPbv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 162

cg Aavq : evqygj (27 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq

evqyi Dcv`vb wP (cvB PvU ev evi

1. evqyi Dcv`vb eYbv KiZ cvie| cvviwP ev gvwwgwWqvq evqyi Dcv`vbi cvB PvU Ab I evqyi PvU) evqyi Dcv`vbi
kZKiv cwigvY m^wjZ cvB PvU c`kb| Dcv`vbi cwigvY kZKiv cwigvY DjL
`jMZ KvR: wP c`wkZ Dcv`vb mK DjL| KiZ ne; evqygji
AvjvPbv | iwebvmi wP
evqygji i webvm
2. evqygji i webvm I Zv`i wP ev wfwWIwP evqygji wewfb i c`kb c`wkZ wP evqygji Dcvcbi ci wewfb
I ewk ii ewk DjL
ewk evLv KiZ cvie| Ges ckvii gvag evqyi mK aviYv i wPwZKiY|
`vb| welqK KvR _vKe|
GKK KvR: evqyi Ab Ges cZK ii
DjLhvM ewk wb`kKiY|
evqygji wewfb
3. evqygji wewfb ii iZ ii iZ evwoi KvR: evqygji wewfb ii iZ | Rxei emevm I bvbv evqyii iZ eySvZ
weklY KiZ cvie| cqvRb cZK ii Rxei Rxeb aviY, gN
iZ DjL| mw, wegvb PjvPj,
AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi mvUjvBU hvMvhvM
4. AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi Dcv`vb eYbv Dcv`vb: (Zvcgvv, AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi Dcv`vb mK aviYv AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi BZvw`i cqvRb
KiZ cvie| evqyPvc, evqycevn I `vb| ga cv_K| evqyi mK KvR
Av`Zv BZvw`) `jMZ KvR: AvenvIqvi Dcv`vbi ewk _vKZ cvi|
DjL|

Rjevqyi wbqvgK gvbwP c`kb I Rjevqyi wbqvgK mK Rjevqyi wbqvgK DjL|

5. Rjevqyi wbqvgK eYbv KiZ
cvie| AvjvPbv|
GKK KvR: gvbwP Rjevqy Ajmg~n
kbvKiY|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 163

cg Aavq : evqygj (27 wcwiqW) Pjgvb-2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK
wb`kbv
eywexq
6. evqycevn I Zvi cfve weklY evqycevn evqycevni cKvi mK aviYv `vb| wbqZ evqycevn wP
KiZ cvie| `jMZ KvR: wewfb cKvi evqycevn I G`i cfve c`kb|
mK AvjvPbv|

7. cvwb P evLv KiZ cvie| cvwb P: (evwfeb, cvwb Pi Dcv`vb evLv|

8. wewfb cKvii ewcvZ mK eYbv ewcvZ
KiZ cvie|
9. Rjevqyi kwYwebvm evLv KiZ
cvie|
10. wek Dvqb I Rjevqy cwieZbi
cviwiK mK evLv KiZ
cvie|
NYxfeb, evwicvZ, f~wgKvwfbq cvwb P evLv: KqKRb wkv_xi
Av`Zv BZvw`) cZK cvwb Pi Dcv`vbi GKwU Ki bvg
KvMRi UzKivq (f~wgKv KvW) wjL mwwcb w`q
wbRi Rvgvq AvUwKq PvKvi `uvove| GKwU myZvi
eji GK cv GKRb (hgb- ew) k Ki ai ejwU
Ab RbK (hgb- gvwU) wbc Kie, Avi Gfve
PwU mb Kie| P Pjvi mgq cZK wkv_x cvwb
P wbRi Aevb I f~wgKv evLv Kie|
evsjv`ki ewcvZi
wP c`kbmn wewfb cKvi ewcvZ mK AvjvPbv| cKvi eYbv|
GKK KvR: wewfb cKvi ewcvZi ewk DjL|
ckvi Rjevqyi kwYwebvm mK AvjvPbv| wewfb cKvi Rjevqyi ewk
GKK KvR: cZK cKvii ewk kbvKiY| DjL|
Rjevqyi kwYwebvm
weki Zvcgvv cwieZbi Z_ Dcv wP ev wek Dvqb I Rjevqy
wfwWIwP c`kbi gvag wek Dvqb I Rjevqy cwieZb eywSq ejv Ges
cwieZb mK aviYv `vb| G`i cviwiK mK
eYbv |
wek Dvqb I Rjevqy `jxq KvR: wek Dvqb I Rjevqy cwieZb wKfve
cwieZbi mK mwKZ Zv AvjvPbv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 164

cg Aavq : evqygj (27 wcwiqW) Pjgvb-3
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq

Rjevqy cwieZbi wek gvbwP evsjv`k I cw_exi wekl wek Rjevqy cwieZbi
11. wek Rjevqy cwieZbi dj cfve - evsjv`k I Aji fMvwjK Aevb DjLc~eK Rjevqy evsjv`ki Dci dj cw_exi wewfb
cw_exi wekl Aj mve wek cwZ cwieZbi dj H me Aji Dw` I Rjevqy cwieZbi Aj hgb, giy I gi~
h cfve coe Zv weklY cvwYK~ji Lv`, evmvb I cwieki Dci cfve DjL| Aj, BDivc I
KiZ cvie| cfve mK AvjvPbv| Gwkqvi wekl Aj
gvbyli Lv`, evmvb,
12. Abymvb : Rjevqy
cwiek I Rxe
cwieZb evsjv`ki ewPi Dci cfve
gvbyli evmvb, Rxeb - eYbv|
RxweKv I cwieki Dci evsjv`ki DcK~jmn
mve cfve weklY KiZ me mve cfve
cvie| mK AvjvPbv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 165

l Aavq : evwigj (16 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
evwigji aviYv gvbwP ev wfwWIwP evwigj c`kb I evwigj eYbv|
1. evwigji aviYv evLv KiZ ckvi aviYv `vb|
cvie|
`jMZ KvR: evwigj mK AvjvPbv|

mvMi, gnvmvMi I gvbwP ev gvwwgwWqvq mvMi, gnvmvMi I mvMi, gnvmvMi I

2. mvMi, gnvmvMi I DcmvMi DcmvMi DcmvMi c`kb| DcmvMii cv_K|
eYbv KiZ cvie| `jMZ KvR: mvMi, gnvmvMi I DcmvMii
ewk AvjvPbv|

mgy` Zj`ki f~wgi~c cvvi ev wfwWIwP mgy` Zj`ki f~wgi~c mgy` Zj`ki f~wgi~ci wPmn mgy` Zj`ki
3. mgy` Zj`ki f~wgi~c I mgy` I cvKwZK m` c`kb| ewk I m` eYbv| f~wgi~ci eYbv Ges
m` eYbv KiZ cvie| GKK KvR: mgy` Zj`ki f~wgi~ci wPvb | D`vniY wnmve
evsjv`ki
evcmvMii grm
mgy`m&vZi KviY I wP ev wfwWIwP Dcvcb Ges eBbwgsqi mgy` mvZi KviY I m`, LwbR m`
4. mgy`mvZi KviY I cfve
gvag mgy`m&vZi KviY DjL| cfve kbvKiY| BZvw` DjL KiZ
evLv KiZ cvie| cfve
`jMZ KvR: mgy`m&vZi cfve DjL| ne|

ckvi I AwfZv wewbgqi gvag Rvqvi Rvqvi fvUvi KviY I

5. Rvqvi fvUvi KviY I cfve Rvqvi fvUvi KviY I
fvUv I Gi KviY mK aviYv `vb| cfve kbv Kib|
evLv KiZ cvie| cfve
GKK KvR: Rvqvi fvUvi cfve Dcvcb|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 166

mg Aavq : RbmsLv (24 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. weki RbmsLvi eZgvb
cwiwwZ I cwieZbi aviv
evLv KiZ cvie|
2. RbmsLvi cwieZbK cfvweZ
Kivi wbqvgKmg~n evLv KiZ
cvie
3. cvKwZK m`i Dci AwZwi
RbmsLvi cfve weklY KiZ
cvie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eZgvb _K AZxZi wKQz Kvj ch wek PvU ev wP _K wek RbwgwZK DiY Zi
weki RbmsLvi
RbmsLvi cwimsLvwbK Z_ hgb, gvU RbmsLvi EagyLx ev wfwZ wek RbmsLvi
eZgvb cwiwwZ I
RbmsLv, nvm-ew BZvw` PvU ev wcivwgW wbgyLx cwieZb evLv| eZgvb cwiwwZ evLv
cwieZb aviv
c`kb | KiZ ne| wek
`jMZ KvR: c`wkZ PvU wek RbmsLvi RbmsLvi cwimsLvwbK
cwieZb aviv AvjvPbv| Z_ I wewZ wP
(cvBPvU ev evi WvqvMvg)
AbybZ, Dbqbkxj I DbZ `ki RbmsLv evsjv`ki RbmsLv I gvbwP c`kb KiZ
RbmsLv cwieZbi wcivwgW Dcvcbi gvag RbmsLv ewi wbqvgK evLv Ges ne|
wbqvgK: (Rbnvi, m~ cqvM Ki MvwYwZK
cwieZbi wbqvgK Ges RbwgwZ msv m~
gZznvi, Awfevmb, mgmv mgvavb|
mK aviYv `vb|
mvgvwRK, A_bwZK
`jMZ KvR: RbmsLv cwieZbi wbqvgK
I miKvwi bxwZ
evLv Ges RbwgwZi m~i Abykxjb|
BZvw`)
`jMZ KvR: AwZwi RbmsLvi dj gvbyli
cvKwZK m`i cvKwZK m`i Dci
cqvRbxq wbw` cwigvY f~wg, Lv` I eenvh
Dci AwZwi f~wg, Lv` I eenvh AwZwi RbmsLvi
cvwb wKfve ewZ nq nvm cZ _vK Ges
RbmsLvi cfve cvwb- cwZwUi Dci cfve weklYi
me Gi bwZevPK cfve co, G mwKZ
AwZwi RbmsLvi Under population
KvR (Activity) Ki `Lvbv|
wZbwU bwZevPK cfve & Over population
evwoi KvR: cvKwZK m`i Dci AwZwi aviYKvix `ki
DjL|
RbmsLvi cfve| D`vniY Zzj aiZ
ne|
167
mg Aavq : RbmsLv (24 wcwiqW) Pjgvb-2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
4. RbmsLv NbZ I RbmsLv eb RbmsLv NbZ I AwaK NbZi Ges Kg NbZi RbmsLv RbmsLv NbZ I eb evsjv`ki RbmsLvi
evLv KiZ cvie| RbmsLv eb msewjZ GjvKvi Qwe cvkvcvwk iL RbmsLvi evLv| NbZ I eb gvbwP
NbZ I eb mK aviYv `vb| Dcvcb; evsjv`ki
`jMZ KvR: RbmsLvi NbZ I eb RbmsLv ewi nvi (1951
AvjvPbv| _K eZgvb ch) wP
RbmsLv NbZ I c`kb|
5. RbmsLv NbZ I RbmsLv RbmsLv NbZ I
ebi cfveKmg~n weklY GKK KvR: RbmsLv NbZ I RbmsLv ebi ebi cfveK evLv| RbmsLv NbZ I
RbmsLv ebi RbmsLv ebi
KiZ cvie| cfveK kbvKiY|
cfveK cfveK: fMvwjK,
RbmsLv ewi nvi I
ewRwbZ mgmv A_bwZK I mvgvwRK|
6. evsjv`ki eZgvb RbmsLv RbmsLv cwiwwZ,
ewi nvi, m mgmv Ges RbmsLv wcivwgW c`kb Ki RbmsLv ew I mgvavbi Dcvq wb`k|
mgmv I mgvavb ewi nvi wbYq Abykxjb|
mgvavbi Dcvq evLv KiZ
cvie| GKK KvR: RbmsLv ewi nvi wbYq Ges
ewRwbZ mgmv mgvavbi Dcvq wPwZKiY|
RbmsLv ewRwbZ
mgmv I RbmsLv ew
7. evsjv`ki RbmsLv ew ivai RbmsLv ew `jMZ KvR: RbmsLv ewi dj m mgmv
ivai Dcvq eYbv|
Dcvq evLv KiZ cvie| ivai Dcvq mgvavb Ges RbmsLv ewivai Dcvq
kbvKiY|

8. Awfevmbi KviY I mydj Kydj

AfixY I AvRvwZK Awfevmbi Z_wP PvU evsjv`ki AfixY I
evLv KiZ cvie| Awfevmb: AfixY
Dcvcbi gvag Awfevmb mK aviYv AvRvwZK Awfevmbi
(Mvg _K Mvg, Mvg-
`vb| KviY I mydj Kydj
AveMxq Awfevmbi KviY I kni, kni kni) I
`jMZ KvR : AfixY I AvRvwZK evLv|
mydj Kydj AvRvwZK (`k -
9. Awfevmbi mydj Kydj mK Awfevmbi KviY I mydj Kydj kbvKiY| we`k, we`k- `k )
mPZb ne Ges AbK I Awfevmbi aib I
mPZb Kie| KviY: BQvKZ I
AwbQvKZ
RvZxq wkvg 2012 168
Ag Aavq : gvbe emwZ (19 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq

1. MvgxY emwZ I bMi emwZ eYbv emwZ: (MvgxY emwZ MvgxY I bMi emwZi wP c`kb I AvjvPbv| MvgxY I bMi emwZi
KiZ cvie| I bMi emwZ) GKK KvR: MvgxY I bMi emwZi ewk eYbv| ga cv_K|

2. emwZ vcbi wbqvgKmg~n evLv emwZ vcbi wewfb vb Mo DVv emwZi wP c`kb| emwZ vcbi wbqvgK
KiZ cvie| wbqvgK: (f~-cKwZ, `jMZ KvR: c`wkZ emwZ Mo DVvi wbqvgK DjL|
hvMvhvM, cwiek kbvKiY|
BZvw`)
3. MvgxY emwZi aib I webvm MvgxY emwZi aib wP ev wfwWIwPi gvag wewfb aibi MvgxY MvgxY emwZi aibi
eYbv KiZ cvie| I webvm: (wjwbqvi, emwZ c`kb I AvjvPbv| ga cv_K|
Kvvi, wbDwKqvi) GKK KvR: MvgxY emwZi aib I webvmi
wekl ewk DjL|
bMii kwYwebvm
4. bMivqb bMii kwYwebvm bMivqb I bMii DjL|
wewfb aibi bMii wP c`kb I AvjvPbv|
evLv KiZ cvie| kwYwebvm: (mvBR,
dvskvbm BZvw`) `jMZ KvR: bMii kwYwebvm AvjvPbv|
bMivqbi AvevwmK,
5. bMivqbi cfveK evLv KiZ bMivqbi cfveK eYbv|
cvie| eBbwgsqi gvag bMivqbi cfveK webv`b, evwYR, wkv
bMivqbi cfveK:
kbvKiY| BZvw` myweavw`mn bMi
(AvevwmK, webv`b,
evwoi KvR: bMivqbi cfveK evLv| KvVvgv Dcvcb|
evwYR, wkv
6. AcwiKwZ bMivqbi dj m BZvw`) AcwiKwZ bMivqb
mgmv evLv KiZ cvie| wP ev gvwwgwWqvq AcwiKwZ I cwiKwZ m mgmv eYbvq
AcwiKwZ AcwiKwZ bMivqb m
bMivqb c`kb| gvbyli AvevwmK,
bMivqb m mgmv mgmvmg~n kbvKiY|
cwienb I

RvZxq wkvg 2012 169

Ag Aavq : gvbe emwZ (19 wcwiqW) Pjgvb-2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq `jMZ KvR: AcwiKwZ bMivqbi hvZvqvZ, ew GjvKv
7. Abymvb : wbR GjvKvi emwZi ewkmg~n kbvKiY| mw BZvw` Amyweavi
aib I webvm evLv KiZ DjL _vKe |
cvie| evsjv`ki cvwb `~lY I
evqy `~lY msv mwP
AveMxq KBm vwW _vKe|

wbRi Pvicvki cKwZ Ges

cwieki hZi evcvi mPZb
I Zrci _vKe|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 170

beg Aavq : m` I A_bwZK Kvhvewj (13 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq

1. m`i aviYv evLv KiZ cvie m`i aviYv I cwiwPZ D`vniYi gvag m` I m`i D`vniYmn m`i m`i aviYv I
Ges m`i kwYwebvm KiZ kwYwebvm kwYwebvmi aviYv c`vb| kwYwebvmi QK c~iY: kwYwebvm
cvie| `jMZ KvR: m`i kwYwebvm| 1.cvKwZK m`
m` ( gwKv, LwbR I
Dw`R): K. bevqbhvM
m` (mikw,
evqykw, cvwb kw) L.
AbevqbhvM m`
(Zj, Mvm, Kqjv I
Rvjvwb KvV)
2. m` msYi Dcvq evLv KiZ m` msYi Dcvq: AvjvPbvi gvag m` msiYi Dcvq m`i AcPq ivai 2. gvbe m`|
cvie| (m`i eevcbv, mK w`K wb`kbv c`vb| Dcvq evLv|
vwqZ iv, AcPq GKK KvR: D`vniYmn m` msiYi Dcvq
iva-3R: Reduce, eYbv|
Reuse, evwoi KvR : evwoZ I we`vjq wbqwgZfve
Recycle) eeZ nq _vK Ggb m`i ZvwjKv Zwi
Ges G`i AcPq ivai Dcvq eYbv|

3. A_bwZK Kvhvewj evLv KiZ
cvie|
4. AbybZ, Dbqbkxj I DbZ `ki
A_bwZK Kvhvewj evLv KiZ
cvie|
A_bwZK Kvhvewj ckvi I cwiwPZ D`vniYi gvag A_bwZK Kvhvewj
A_bwZK Kvhvewj mK AvjvPbv| D`vniYmn evLv|
AbybZ, Dbqbkxj I DbZ `ki A_bwZK
Kvhvewji ewk AvjvPbv| wbPi ew`i
AbybZ, Dbqbkxj I A_bwZK Kvhvewj QK
`jMZ KvR: AbybZ, Dbqbkxj I DbZ `ki AbybZ, Dbqbkxj I
DbZ `ki
A_bwZK Kvhvewji ewki Zzjbv| DbZ `ki A_bwZK
A_bwZK
Kvhvewj

RvZxq wkvg 2012 171

beg Aavq : m` I A_bwZK Kvhvewj (13 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj
5. wk Mo DVvi wbqvgK evLv KiZ
cvie|
6. wki kwYwebvm I AevbMZ
KviY weklY KiZ cvie|
7. wekevcx wkvqbi vwbK
cwieZbi KviY weklY KiZ
cvie|
8. Avg`vwb I ivwb evwYR evLv
KiZ cvie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
Pjgvb-2
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
Kvhvewj: (cvBgvwi, Dcvcb : `vKvb`vi, AvjvPbvq gv_vwcQz
mKvwi, Uviwmqvwi) Kvgvi, wkK, KlK, Avq, Rb-gZz I
eemvqx I bvm wkvi nvi,
cvBgvw Uviwmqvw cqtwbvkb eev,
i mKvw i KvRi myhvM
i cfwZi Z_ wP
.. .. .. (mviwY, cvBPvU, evi
wk Mo DVvi wbqvgK: ckvi I PvU Dcvcbi gvag wk Mo WvqvMvg) Dcvcb |
(g~jab, we`yrkw, DVvi wbqvgK Ges wki kwYwebvm mK
evRvi, KuvPvgvj, AvjvPbv wk Mo DVvi wbqvgK evLv|
cwienb, hvMvhvM,
`jMZ KvR : wk Mo DVvi wbqvgK kbvKiY
chyw, miKvwi bxwZ
I D`vniYmn wewfb wki ewk Dcvcb|
BZvw`)
wki kwYwebvm: (z`
wki AevbMZ KviYi mywbw` D`vniY
wk, gvSvwi wk, enr
Dcvcb Ges kwYwebvm mK aviYv c`vb|
wk)
`jMZ KvR: eBbwgsqi gvag wki z`, gvSvwi I enr wki
kwYwebvm I AevbMZ KviY mK ZzjbvKiY; evsjv`ki
AvjvPbv| cvkvK wki Aevb XvKv
Kw`K nIqvi KviY wekevcx wkvqbi
kbvKiY| vwbK cwieZbi
wkvqbi vwbK wekevcx wkvqbi vwbK cwieZb
KviY wnme ejZ
cwieZbi KviY: (kg D`vniYmn AvjvPbv|
wekevcx wkvqbi vwbK ne DbZ `kjv
eq, hvMvhvM, chyw GKK KvR: DbZ `kjvi wk AbybZ Kb Zv`i cvkvK
`k vbvii KviY kbvKiY| cwieZbi KviY evLv|
eenvi) I Abvb wkmgMx
evsjv`k ,fviZ,
Avg`vwb I ivwb evwYR Avg`vwb I ivwb evwYR mK `jxq AvjvPbv| Pxb, wfqZbvg
cfwZ `k Zwi
Avg`vwb I ivwb evwYR eYbv|
KiQ |
172
beg Aavq : m` I A_bwZK Kvhvewj (13 wcwiqW) Pjgvb-3
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv

9. evwYR fvimvg I Dbqbi mK evwYR fvimg I evsjv`k, fviZ, Pxb I hyivi ga evwYR fvimvg I evwYR fvimvg I
weklY KiZ cvie| Dbqbi mK Avg`vwb-ivwb cYi ZvwjKv QK c`kb Ki Dbqbi mK evLv Ki| Dbqbi mK
evwYR fvimvg mK aviYv `vb| weklYi
`jMZ KvR: evwYR fvimvgnxbZv wKfve evsjv`k, fviZ, Pxb I
DbqbK evavM Ki Zv QKi Z_ Aej^b hyivi ga evwYR
Dcvcb| welqK AvjvPbv
evwoi KvR: evwYR fvimvg I Dbqbi mK _vKe|
weklY|
AveMxq

m` msiY hZevb ne Ges

AbKI m` msiY KiZ
DrmvwnZ Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 173

 evsjv`k : fMvwjK cwiwPwZ

RvZxq wkvg 2012 174

`kg Aavq : evsjv`ki fMvwjK weeiY (18 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. evsjv`ki fMvwjK Aevb gvbwP evsjv`ki
Ges f~-cKwZ eYbv KiZ evsjv`ki Aevb evsjv`ki gvbwP c`kb I Abykxjbi Aevb, f~-cKwZ I b`- evsjv`ki Aevb
cvie| I f~-cKwZ gag evsjv`ki fMvwjK Aevb, f~-cKwZ -b`x wPwZKiY| wbYq AiLv, `vwNgv
I b`-b`x mK aviYv `vb| iLv I KKUvw
GKK KvR: evsjv`ki gvbwP Ab iLvi eenvi|
gvbwP cavb b`-b`x
2. evsjv`ki cavb b`-b`x, Dc- evsjv`ki cavb evsjv`ki f~-cKwZ I b`-b`x `wLq gvbwP c`kb|
b`x Ges kvLv b`x mK eYbv b`-b`x Ab Abykxjb|
w`Z cvie| evwoi KvR: evsjv`ki gvbwP Ab I cavb
b`-b`x c`kb|

b`x I Rjvkq fivUi Kvb wP (nZ cvi b`x I Rjvkq fivUi

3. evsjv`ki b`x I Rjvkq b`x I Rjvkq evsjv`ki b`x I
cwKvq cKvwkZ) ev wfwWIwP c`kb Ges Gi KviY, cfve I
fivUi gvbem KviY, cfve I fivUi KviY, cfve Rjvkq fivUi cfve
cfve msv KBm vwW mieivn| cwZivai Dcvq DjL|
cwZivai Dcvq evLv KiZ I cwZiva msv mwP KBm
cvie| `jMZ KvR: b`x I Rjvkq fivUi gvbem
vwW Ges Gi AbymiY
KviY, cfve Ges cwZivai Dcvq kbvKiY|
KvR |
wbPi QK FZzwfwK
Zvcgvv, ewcvZ I evqy cevn gvbwP c`kb ewk DjL:
4. evsjv`ki Rjevqyi ewk, evsjv`ki Rjevqyi Ges AvjvPbvi gvag Rjevqyi ewk Mx elv kxZ
FZzwfwK Zvcgvv, evqycevn I ewk I cfve mK aviYv `vb| ... ... ...
ewcvZ mK eYbv w`Z ... ... ...
cvie|

KvjekvLx So I
5. gmygx Rjevqyi ewk Ges gmygx Rjevqy eRcvZi mZKZv KvjekvLx So I
gmygx Rjevqyi ewk mK AvjvPbv|
KvjekvLx mK eYbv KiZ Ges wbivcvg~jK eRcvZi fqvenZv,
`jMZ KvR: KvjekvLx So ev eR So, Rvbgvji qwZ
cvie| RovevZvm, eRcvZ BZvw`i KviY q eevi DjL |
RvZxq wkvg 2012 175
`kg Aavq : evsjv`ki fMvwjK weeiY (18 wcwiqW) Pjgvb-2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
wZ Ges Gme mZKZv I BZvw`i DjLmn KBm
wbivcvg~jK eevi evLv | vwW, AZci G
wbivcvg~jK eev
mwKZ KvR (Activity)
evwoi KvR : KvjekvLx So I eRcvZi _vKe|
mZKZv Ges wbivcvg~jK eev
AveMxq: eYbv|

6. b`x I Rjvkq fivUi wZKi

cfve mK mPbZv mw KiZ
cvie|
7. KvjekvLx So I eRcvZi
mZKZv Ges wbivcvg~jK eev
Aej^b Kie, AbKI G
evcvi mPZb Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 176

GKv`k Aavq : evsjv`ki m` I wk (12 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. evsjv`ki cavb KwlcY I Zv`i
eb eYbv KiZ cvie| KwlcY gvbwP c`kb Ki cavb KwlcY I Zv`i Kwl cYi eb eYbv|
eb mK AvjvPb|
2. evsjv`ki wewfb ebvji iZ GKK KvR: cavb KwlcYI eb wb`kKiY| ebvji iZ eYbv|
evLv KiZ cvie|
evsjv`ki ebvj:
3. evsjv`ki Zj, Mvm I Kqjv (cvKwZK I mvgvwRK)
i Aevb gvbwP c`kb c~eK gvbwP wewfb aibi ebvj Dcvcb| gvbwP AsKb Ki Zj,
eYbv KiZ cvie| `jMZ KvR: wewfb ebvji iZ kbvKiY| Mvm, I Kqjv
evsjv`ki Zj, wPwZKiY|
4. evsjv`ki A_bxwZZ Zj, Mvm Mvm, Kqjv I KwVb
I Kqjvi iZ weklY KiZ wkjv evsjv`ki gvbwP Zj, Mvm, I Kqjv
cvie| c`kb Ges AvjvPbv| Zj, Mvm I Kqjvi
evsjv`ki GKK KvR: Zj, Mvm I Kqjv i eYbv| iZ weklY|
5. evsjv`ki cavb wk mK eYbv A_bxwZZ Zj Mvm
w`Z cvie Ges gvbwP Dcvcb I Kqjvi iZ RvZxq Drcv`b Zj, Mvm I Kqjvi Ae`vb
KiZ cvie| msv mviwY c`kb|
gvbwP cavb wk
`jMZ KvR: mviwY Aej^b Zj, Mvm I
wb`kKiY|
6. evsjv`ki A_bxwZZ cvkvK evsjv`ki cavb wk Kqjvi iZ mK AvjvPbv|
wki Ae`vb weklY KiZ
cvie| gvbwP c`kb I cavb wk eYbv|
A_bxwZZ cvkvK wki
GKK KvR: wk gvbwP Ab Abykxjb| Ae`vb evLv|
evsjv`ki
A_bxwZZ cvkvK
evsjv`ki A_bxwZZ wewfb wki Ae`vb msv
wki Ae`vb
cvB ev evi PvU c`kb|
`jMZ KvR: c`wkZ PvU chvjvPbv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 177

GKv`k Aavq : evsjv`ki m` I wk (12 wcwiqW) Pjgvb-2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv jLK wb`kbv
7. evsjv`ki cavb chUb K`i eYbv evsjv`ki cavb chUb gvbwP cavb chUb K` c`kb I chUb K`i eYbv|
KiZ cvie Ges gvbwP c`kb K` AvjvPbv|
KiZ cvie | `jMZ KvR: gvbwP chUb K` wPZKiY|
chUb wki iZ I
8. evsjv`ki chUb wki iZ I chUb wki iZ I mvebv eYbv | chUb wki iZ I
mvebv mK eYbv KiZ cvie| mvebv chUb wk mvdj ARb KiQ Ggb wKQz `ki mvebv eYbvi
D`vniY Dcvcb| _vBjv, evwj xc,
9. Abymvb : evsjv`ki Kvb GKwU `jMZ KvR: eBbwgsqi gvag evsjv`k fviZi AvMv cfwZ
chUb K` cwigY Ki Zvi eZgvb chUb wki iZ I mvebv kbvKiY| chUb K`i
Aev, mgmv Ges fwelZ mvebv mvdji D`vniY
mK mwP eYbv w`Z cvie| `Iqv hZ cvi|

AveMxq

10. ebR m` msiY mZPb ne

Ges me mPZbZv mw Kie|
11. chUK wnme chUb K`i my
cwiek msiY bvMwiK `vwqZ
cvjb Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 178

v`k Aavq : evsjv`ki hvMvhvM I evwYR (11 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv jLK wb`kbv
eywexq

1. evsjv`ki moK, ij, b I AvKvk hvMvhvM c_ evsjv`ki gvbwP moK ij, b I cavb hvMvhvM c_
c_i eYbv KiZ cvie| AvKvk c_ c`kb Ges AvjvPbv| eYbv|
`jMZ KvR: DjwLZ c_ mK
eYbv Dcvcb|

2. hvMvhvM I cwienb moK, ij, b

hvMvhvM c_i iZ `jMZ KvR: moK, ij, b I AvKvk hvMvhvM I cwienb
I AvKvk c_i iZ weklY KiZ
c_i iZ mK AvjvPbv| moK, ij, b Ges
cvie|
AvKvk c_i iZ
eYbv|

3. evsjv`ki AfixY I e`wkK AfixY I e`wkK `jMZ KvR: eBbwgsqi gvag AfixY I e`wkK
evwYR evLv KiZ cvie| evwYR AfixY I e`wkK evwYR Ges evwYR evLv|
Avg`vwb I ivwb cY mK aviYv
`vb|
4. evwYR Avg`vwb I ivwb cY mK evwYR Avg`vwb I ivwb c` cYjv (wewfb
eYbv w`Z cvie| cY GKK KvR: AfixY I e`wkK cYi bvg) K
evwYR D`vniYmn eYbv| wbPi QK Dcvcb:
AveMxq Avg`vwb ivwb cY
cY
5. moK, ij I b c_ PjvPji ... ...
`yNUbv GovZ me`v mveavbZv ... ...
Aej^b Kie Ges AbK mveavb
Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 179

Gqv`k Aavq : evsjv`ki Dbqb KgKv I cwieki fvimvg (07 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. cwieki fvimvg Ges Dbqb KgKv I fvimvg I fvimvgnxb cwieki `ywU wP cwiek fvimvg Aevq
fvimvgnxbZv evLv KiZ cwieki fvimvg (hgb: GKwU cyKzi cwieki fvimvg Aevq _vKvi kZ eYbv|
cvie| gvQi ^Q` emevm, Abw`K GKwU cyKzi
fvimvgnxb cwiek gvQi goK BZvw`)
c`kb|
GKK KvR: wP Aej^b cwiek
fvimvgnxbZvi KviY kbvKiY|

ckvi cwieki fvimvgnxbZvi cwiYwZ fvimvgnxbZvi cwiYwZ

2. cwieki fvimvgnxbZvi cwieki mK w`K wb`kbv c`vb| weklY|
cwiYwZ weklY KiZ cvie| fvimvgnxbZvi `jMZ KvR: cwieki fvimvgnxbZvi
cwiYwZ cwiYwZ eYbv|
Dbqb KgKv mK
eywSq ejv|
evsjv`ki KqKwU ckvi Dbqb KgKv mK aviYv `vb Ges
3. Dbqb KgKvi evLv mn Dbqb KgKv: Dby eBbwgsqi gvag evsjv`ki
evsjv`ki KqKwU DjLhvM (AeKvVvgv wbgvY, DjLhvM Dbqb KgKvi bvg evW wjLb|
Dbqb KgKv eYbv KiZ LwbR Dvjb, GKK KvR: DjwLZ KgKvjv Kb Dbqb wewfb& Dbqb KgKvi
cvie| we`yr Drcv`b, wk KgKvic weewPZ Zv DjKKiY|
vcb cfwZ) viv m cwiek `~lYi
Zzjbv|
Dbqb KgKvi dj (hgb- AeKvVvgv Dbqb KgKv I
evsjv`ki Dbqb wbgvY, LwbR Dvjb BZvw`) cwiek `~lY cwiek `~lY mwKZ
4. evsjv`ki wewfb Dbqb KgKv KgKv I cwiek mwP KBm vwW |
wP c`kb Ges G msv KBm vwW
mv`bi mgq wKfve cwiek `~lY mieivn|
`~lY I fvimvgnxb nq coQ
Zv evLv KiZ cvie| `jMZ KvR: wP I KBm vwW Aej^b
cwiek `~lY evLv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 180

Gqv`k Aavq : evsjv`ki Dbqb KgKv I cwieki fvimvg (07 wcwiqW) Pjgvb-2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv jLK wb`kbv
5. Abymvb : Dbqb KgKv
wKfve cwieki fvimvgK cwieki fvimvg Dbqb KgKv mv`bi mgq cwieki
cfvweZ Ki Zv weklY KiZ ivi Dcvq fvimvg ivq DbZ `ki Kvhg D`vniY cwieki fvimvg ivi Dbqb KgKv mv`bi
cvie| ^ic DjL I AvjvPbv| Dcvq evLv| mgq cwieki fvimvg
evwoi KvR: evsjv`ki cvcU DjwLZ ivi Dcvq mK
6. evsjv`ki Dbqb KgKv AwfZvK KvR jvMvbvi Dcvq eYbv| DbZ `k Aej^b
mv`bi mgq cwieki KBm vwW|
fvimvg ivi Dcvq evLv
KiZ cvie|

AveMxq

7. cwiek fvimvgnxbZvi cwiYwZ

mK mPZb ne Ges AbK
mPZb Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 181

PZz`k Aavq : evsjv`ki cvKwZK `yhvM (13 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv jLK wb`kbv
eywexq

1. `yhvM I wechq evLv KiZ `yhvM I wechq BZtc~e msNwUZ cvKwZK `yhvMi wP `yhvM I wechqi ga
cvie| c`kb I AwfZv wewbgqi gvag `yhvM cv_K|
I wechq mK AvjvPbv|
GKK KvR: `yhvM I wechq eYbv|

wP c`kb Ki evsjv`ki DjLhvM f~wgK msNUbi mgq

2. evsjv`k msNwUZ wewfb aibi I msNUbi ci
cvKwZK `yhvM eYbv KiZ evsjv`k msNwUZ cvKwZK `yhvM mK AvjvPbv|
cvKwZK `yhvM: `jMZ KvR: cvKwZK `yhvM (N~wYSo, wbivcvg~jK welqi
cvie| DjL|
(N~wYSo, b`x fvb, ebv, f~wgK BZvw`) msNUbi c~e,
ebv, iv, f~wgK msNUbi mgq Ges msNUbi ci
I mybvwg) wbivcvg~jK eevi eLv|
wekl ewk DjLmn
`jMZ KvR: eBbwgsqi gvag `yhvM
3. `yhvM eevcbv P evLv `yhvM eevcbv P `yhvM eevcbv P
eevcbv P eYbv|
KiZ cvie| mwKZ Ac~iYKZ
Kgc c~YKiY|
DcK~jxq cvKwZK `yhvM
`jMZ KvR: DcK~jxq cvKwZK `yhvM eevcbv cwqv evLv
4. evsjv`ki DcK~jxq cvKwZK evsjv`ki eevcbv mK AvjvPbv| Kib|
`yhvM eevcbvi Dcvq evLv DcK~jxq cvKwZK
KiZ cvie| evwoi KvR: DcK~jxq cvKwZK `yhvM
`yhvM eevcbv eevcbvi Dcvq eYbv|

5. f~wgKi gvv I mybvwgi f~wgK i gvv I

c~evfvm c`vb chywi eenvi f~wgKi gvv I mybvwgi c~evfvm c`vb f~wgK I mybvwg f~wgKi gvv I
mybvwgi c~evfvm evsjv`k I wek Kvb aibi chyw mybvwgi c~evfvm c`vb
I KvhKvwiZv g~jvqb KiZ welqK chywi
c`vb chywi eeZ nQ, gvbyli Rvb-gvji wbivcv wek eenZ chywi
cvie| KvhKvixZv g~jvqb|
eenvi weavb G`i Dci wbfiZv I G`i
RvZxq wkvg 2012 182
PZz`k Aavq : evsjv`ki cvKwZK `yhvM (13 wcwiqW) Pjgvb-2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv jLK wb`kbv
KvhKvwiZv mK AvjvPbv| eenvi I KvhKvwiZv
GKK KvR: eeZ chywi KvhKvwiZv mK eYbv|
wb`kKiY|
evwoi KvR: evsjv`ki cvKwZK `yhvM
cwiwwZ (ebv, mvBKvb, f~wgK Ges b`x
fvb) evLv|
AveMxq

6. cvKwZK `yhvM gvKvwejvq KiYxq

mK mPZb ne Ges AbK
mPZb Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 183

5.jLK wb`wkKv

f~Mvj I cwiek welqwU beg-`kg kwYi gvbweK kvLvi wkv_x`i Rb GKwU AvewkK welq| welqwUi Rb 100 b^i eiv ivLv nqQ| mvn 3wU Ki 2 eQi gvU 216 wU
wcwiqW eiv Kiv nqQ| cwZwU wcwiqWi mgq 50wgwbU| f~Mvj I cwiek welqi wkvg wkLbdj Ges welqe Ggbfve cYqb Kiv nqQ hb eivKZ 216 wcwiqW wkv_xiv
mejv wkLbdj ARb KiZ cvi|

f~Mvj I cwiek wkvg wkv_x-Kw`K wkLb kLvbv (Learner centaed teaching learning) cwZ mycvwik Kiv nqQ| MZvbyMwZK gyL Kivi ceYZvK wbirmvwnZ Kiv
nqQ| Kx wkLZ ne Zvi cwieZ wKfve wkLZ ne Gi cwZ iZ Avivc Kiv nqQ|

f~Mvj I cwiek eBwU iPbvi myweav_ jLK`iK wbewYZ wb`kbvjv AbymiYi Abyiva Kiv nj|

1. cvmwKZv :
wkv_xiv hv wkLe, Zvi cvmwKZv hb wkv_xiv eySZ cvi Zv iZmnKvi weePbv KiZ ne|
wkLb welqwU wkv_x`i `bw`b Rxeb AwfZvi mv_ mKh y KiZ ne|
wkv_xi Pvi cvk msNwUZ wewfb NUbv D`vniY wnme eenvi KiZ ne|

2. AvKlY :
wkLb welqwU AekB AvKlYxq ev Avb``vqK nZ ne|
wkLbK Ggb fve Dcvcb KiZ ne hb Zv wkv_x`i gbvhvM AvKlY Ki Ges Zv`i ga Drmvn mw Ki|

3. h_v_Zv :
cvVwelq wjLvi mgq AekB wkv_x`i gvbwmK eqmi (Mental Age) mv_ DchvMx Ki wjLZ ne|
wewfb gvbi (Different abilities) wkv_x`i wkLvi myhvMi cwZ j ivLZ ne A_vr wkv_x`i Rb KvwVbi wewfb ii (Different level of difficult) DchvMx
cvV _vKe|
welqe mwVK nZ ne A_vr Z, Z_, Dcv, wP, Dcgv-D`vniY wbfyj I mvwZK nZ ne|
4. Dcjw Kivi DchvwMZv :
wkLb welqjv AekB mnRfve evaMg Dcvq PjwZ fvlvq my nZ ne|
wkv_xi eqm DchvMx mnR I mij fvlv eenvi KiZ ne|
wkLb welqjv Aek hywmZ I evaMg AbyQ` wef ne| G wkLbdji Pvwn`vK iZmnKvi weePbv KiZ ne|

5. wkvg gvwU :
GB QK Aavqi Rb eivKZ wcwiqW msLv, wkLbdj, welqe, Ges wkLbdj wfwK wekl wb`kbv `Iqv AvQ hv fvjfve Dcjw Ki wjLZ ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 184
 cwZwU Aavqi iZ (c_g cvZvq) evg cvk wkvg QK DjwLZ eywexq (Abymvbg~jK), gbvckxR I AveMxq i wkLbdj ei fZi gvUv nid
(Bold) DjL KiZ ne| Wvb cvk wkv_x`i c~ecvV/AwfZv Ges PbvRvbv/Rxeb Nwb D`vniY w`q 3-5 evKi ga GKwU f~wgKv w`q g~jcvVi jLv i KiZ
ne| wkv_x`i c~e AwfZv/welqe mswk cki gvag jLv i Kiv evYxq|
wkvg QK wkLYdj eywexq (Abymvbg~jK), gbvcwkR I AveMxq cwZwU Aavqi Rb chvqg DjL Kiv nqQ| wK welqe Dcvcbvi mgq eywexq
welqe mswk Abymvbg~jK, gbvckxR I AveMxq wkLYdj Gi Dcvcbv H eywexq welqe Dcvcbvi mv_ mgw^Z Ki KiZ ne|
cwZwU Aavqi c_g cvi Wvb cvk welq mswk cavb k (Key word) DjL KiZ ne|
cvV wfwK eB wjLZ ne| Aavq DjwLZ wcwiqW msLvK cvV msLv weePbv KiZ ne| gvU cvVmsLv viv welqeK Ggbfve webv (mnR _K KwVbi
gvbymvi) KiZ ne hb H wbavwiZ cvV msLv viv H Aavq DjwLZ welqei cvV`vb mwVKfve mb nq Ges wkLbdj AwRZ nq| cwZwU Aavq wcwiqWi
msLv Ges Aavq ZvwK/nvZ Kjg /eenvwiK/Abymvbg~jK KvRi Rb cqvRbxq wcwiqW weePbv Ki Aavqi cv msLv wbaviY KiZ ne| f~Mvj I cwiek
welqwUi eBq cvi msLv ne 200| Ze 10% nvm ev ew nZ cvi|
cwZwU cvVK Ggbfve webv KiZ ne (wP, Mvd, WvUv, MvwYwZK evLv BZvw` w`q) hb wkv_x mRbkxj, mwkxj Ges wPb gZv ewi myhvM cvq|
cvVi wewfb Ask ck/wqv Kg/nvZ Kjg KvR (Activities) e Ki w`Z ne hv Abykxjbi gvag wkLbdj ARb wbwZ ne| cwZwU Aavq wKQz wkLbdj AvQ
hvi Rb welqe `Iqv nq wb| Gme wkLYdj ARbi Rb KvR w`Z ne | cwZwU Aavvqi Rb eiv gvU wcwiqWi Mo 30 kZvsk mgq wkv_xi KgKvi
Rb eiv _vKe| DPZi wkLbi (Higher Learning) Rb cZK cvVB myhvM ivLZ ne| wqvKg mg~n nZ cvi hgb cwZe`b Zwi, mvi msc iPbv, cvvi
Zwi Kiv, WBs, mgmv mgvavb, nvZ Kjg cixY, `jMZ AvjvPbv, weZK BZvw`| chvR MwYZ mgmvi D`vniY w`Z ne|
nvZ Kjg KvRmn wkv_xi wewfb KgKvK e Ki w`Z ne| chvR KvRi wb`kbvI GZ _vKe| cixY/Abymvbg~jK KvRi mgq [wcwiqWi msLv]
e DjL KiZ ne| cixY/Abymvbg~jK KvRmg~n mnRjf Ges vbxqfve Kiv hvq Ggb DcKiYi eenviK cvavb w`Z ne|
welqei webvm I Dcvcbv Ggbfve KiZ ne hvZ wkv_xiv AveMxq i wkLbdj ARb KiZ cvi|
evsjv`ki AwaKvsk gvawgK we`vjq l-Ag kwYi Rb c_K jveiUwi bB| Z`ycwi we`vjqmg~ni Avw_K Aev mvlRbK bq| we`vjqmg~ni eve Aev
weePbvq iL nvZ Kjg KvR wWRvBb KiZ ne| Ki kLv (Learning by Doing) wkLbK `xNvqx Ges djcm~ Ki welqwUK iZ mnKvi weePbv KiZ ne|
D`vniY/Qwe BZvw`i Rvi mgZvi eRvq ivLZ ne|
MZvbyMwZK avivq gyL Ki cixvq cwZ bevi eZgvb ceYZvK m~Yic cwinvi Kivi j eBZ mivmwi mv Zwi Ki `qv, QK cv_K wjL `qv wKsev Kvb
cki Di mvwRq `qv hve bv| mv gyL Kivi cwieZ Dcgv-D`vniYi gvavg aviYv ARbi eev _vKZ ne|
cwZwU Aavq kl Key Word wfwK GKwU mvi msc (Recapitulations) _vKe|

cwZwU Aavq kl PvicvZvi ga wKQz Abykxjbg~jK Kvhg w`Z ne| Abykxjbg~jK Kvhgi Dk nQ PPvi gvag wkLbdjK my`pKiY (Reinforcement)|
Gjvi ga _vKZ cvi-
k~bvb c~iY
wgjKiY
wewfb aibi cvRj (Puzzle)
msw ck
e wbevPbxg~jK ck
RvZxq wkvg 2012 185
 mRbkxj ck
AveMxq i wkLbdj ARbi Rb wKQz KgKv
DP gavmb wkv_x`i K_v weePbvq iL wKQz mmvwiZ KgKv ( Extended Activity)

Abykxjb Kvhgmg~n hb DPZi `Zv (Higher order thinking) [hgb weklY, msklY, g~jvqb, mRbkxj wPb (Creative thinking skill ) Ges m~ wPb `Zv
(Critical thinking skill)] AwRZ nq Zv AekB wbwZ KiZ ne|
GQvovI wkvg QK wkLbdjwfwK mywbw` jLK wb`kbv `Iqv nqQ|

Avgv`i mvweK j nQ-

GKwU gvbmZ I AvKlYxq f~Mvj cwiek eB wkv_x`i Dcnvi `Iqv|
f~Mvj I cwiek wkvK ciYvg~jK I Avb``vqK Kiv|
wkv_x`i Abymwrmygbv I KZ~njx Kiv Ges wPbgZv mmvwiZ Kiv|
eBK myLcvV, mnReva Ges eenvh Kiv|
gyL Kivi ceYZv nvm Kiv Ges nvZ Kjg kLvK DrmvwnZ Kiv|
GKwU Self Driven cvVeB iPbv Kiv, hb wkv_xiv b~bZg mvnvh wbq wbRivB wkLbdj ARb KiZ cvi|

cvVeBqi KvVvgv
K| eBqi cv msLv ne 200, Ze 10% nvm ev 10% ew nZ cvi
L| dU mvBR 13 cqU nZ ne
M| jvBb m 1.5 ne
N| cvzwjwci mvBR 1/8 wWwm (20-30)/(22-32) ne
R| KbUU Gwiqv ne (8.5-5.75) ev (9.5- 6.25)

RvZxq wkvg 2012 186

 wkvg
cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv
beg-`kg kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 187

1. f~wgKv

wkv GKwU MwZkxj welq| vb-wevbi Dbqbi m mwZ iL memgqB Gi cwieZb, cwigvRb ev AvaywbKxKiY KiZ nq| AvjvP cibxwZ welqi wkvg I cvVcyK
AvR _K mZi eQi AvM (1995) cYqb I ceZb Kiv nq| BZvga mgqi AveZ Ges cwiewZZ cvcU mgvR I wkv_x`i Pvwn`v I `wfwi evcK cwieZb NUQ| G
cwiewZZ Aevi mv_ mwZ iL cibxwZ welqwUi wkvg hyMvchvMx Ki Zvjv Acwinvh nq coQ|

cwieZbkxj weki mv_ Zvj wgwjq Avgv`i gZ Dbqbkxj `ki wkv_x`iI cibxwZ welq hyMvchvMx aviYv I vb jvf Kiv AvekK| cwievi, mgvR, iv I AvRvwZK
cwigj bvMwiKi f~wgKv Kx ne Zv Rvbvi Rb cibxwZ cvVi weK bB| cibxwZ g~jZ bvMwiKZv mwKZ wevb| ZvB welqei weePbvq Gi bZzb bvgKiY Kiv nqQ
cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv|

Avgv`i wkv_x`i ga hvZ bwZK g~jeva, mZZv, Pwi MVb Ges RbMY I mgvRi cwZ `vqeZv I `kcg RvMZ nq, mw`K wekl `w w`Z ne| Avgv`i Amv`vwqK
mswZ, Mievj BwZnvm- HwZn, gnvb gywhyi exiMuv_v G me m^ mwVK aviYv I mPZbZv wkv_x`i ga AvZcZq I `kcgi Av`k RvMZ Kie| G me j
ARbi Rb cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv welqi wkvg cqvRbxq cwieZb Avbqb Kiv nqQ|

Avgv`i `k cixv cwZZ gwjK cwieZb mvwaZ nqQ| cwiewZZ g~jvqb cwZi mv_ msMwZ iL wkv_x`i gyL wbfiZv _K gy Kivi j bZzb wkvg welqi
webvm, wkLb-kLvbv Kkj I g~jvqb wb`kbv Ges jLK wb`kbv cYqb Kiv nqQ| Avkv Kiv hvq, bZzb wkvg cvV`vb cwZ I welqe AvKlYxq I Avb`gq Ki
wkv_x`i h_v_ wkvjvf mnhvwMZv`vb mg ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 188

2. Dk

1. cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv welqwUi iZ Dcjw Ki mRbkxj, ` I bwZK g~jevamb bvMwiK wnme Mo DVZ Dy nIqv|
2. cwievi, mgvR, iv I miKvi eevq bvMwiKi Aevb, ghv`v, iZ I mvebv Abyaveb Ki wbR f~wgKv cvjb Kiv|
3. bvMwiK AwaKvi I KZe mK Rvbv Ges AwaKvi fvM I KZe cvjbi gvag mybvMwiK nIqv|
4. AvBb, ^vaxbZv I mvg mK vb jvf Kivi gvag AvBbi kvmbi cwZ kvkxj nIqv |
5. MYZvwK g~jeva ARbi gvag ag-eY-kwY-ckv-wj wbwekl mKji cwZ mgvb AvPiY KiZ kLv|
6. iv cwiPvjbvi wbqgvewj Rb m Abyhvqx Kgmv`b D`y nIqv|
7. evsjv`ki ivRbwZK `j, miKvi Ges wbevPb eev m^ h_v_ aviYv jvf Ki bvMwiK wnme MVbg~jK fwgKv cvjb Dy nIqv|
8. bvMwiK Rxebi mgmv I Zvi mgvavbi Dcvq Rb wbR `vwqZ cvjb D`vMx nIqv|
9. fvlv Av`vjb I gywhyi PZbv I Av`k Ges Amv`vwqK g~jevai PZbvq `kcg Dy nIqv|
10. bvMwiK wnme vbxq, RvZxq I AvRvwZK msMVb mK vb jvfi gvag wbR f~wgKv I KZe cvjb mPZb nIqv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 189

 3. Aavq webvm I mgq eb
wkvg cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv welqi cwZwU Kvmi Rb 50 wgwbU mgq eiv ivLvi mycvwik Kiv nqQ| mvn wZbwU Kvm AbywZ ne| evrmwiK gvU Kvki msLv ne
108wU| 10g kwYi wZxqva cvK& wbevPbx I wbevPbx cixv Ges wkv_x`i GmGmwm cixvi cwZi K_v weePbvq iL evrmwiK wcwiqW eb KiZ ne| m evrmwiK
wcwiqW msLvq Afy Abykxjb Kvkmg~n wkv_x`i mvweK cwZi mnvqK ne| wkv_x`i Abykxjbi gvag `Zv Dbqbi Rb A_ev iZc~Y welq cvV`vbi Rb
wkK GKvwaK wcwiqW GKmv_ bIqvi eev KiZ cvib| cZK Aavqi wcwiqW msLv eivi mgq wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv I g~jvqb wb`kbv evevqbi Rb cqvRbxq
msLK Abykxjb Kvk eiv ivLv nqQ| hgb- c_g Aavqi Rb eivKZ gvU wcwiqW msLv 26wU, Gi ga 18 wU mvaviY Kvk I 08 wU Abykxjbg~jK Kvk| welqi Pvwn`v
weePbvq kwYwkK Aavqi mvaviY Kvk I Abykxjbg~jK Kvki msLv Kgewk KiZ cvib|

welqe I wcwiqW msLv

Aavq Aavqi wkivbvg wcwiqW msLv (108x2 = 216)

c_g cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv (18+8) = 26

wZxq bvMwiK I bvMwiKZv (8+4) = 12
ZZxq AvBb, ^vaxbZv I mvg (10+4) = 14
PZz_ iv I miKvieev (11+4) = 15
cg msweavb (10+5) =15
l evsjv`ki miKvi eev (15+5) = 20
mg MYZ ivRbwZK `j I wbevPb (12+6) = 18
Ag evsjv`ki vbxq miKvi eev (15+7) = 22
beg bvMwiK mgmv I Avgv`i KiYxq (20+10) =30
`kg ^vaxb evsjv`ki Afy`q bvMwiK PZbv (22+8) = 30
GKv`k evsjv`k I AvRvwZK msMVb (10+4) = 14
megvU wcwiqW msLv = 216

RvZxq wkvg 2012 190

 4. wkvg QK
beg-`kg kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 191

c_g Aavq : cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv (26 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywewK GKK KvR : wgjKiY :
1. cibxwZ I cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv welqi cibxwZ I bvMwiKZvi welq
bvMwiKZv welqi cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv AvaywbK aviYv Ges Zvi cwimi ZvwjKvi cwimii
aviYv I cwimi welqi cwimi gvag c`kb| mvgvwRK cwZvb iv, ivRbwZK `j
evLv KiZ o cwievi `jMZ KvR : ivRbwZK cwZvb cwievi, mgvR
cvie| o mgvR cibxwZ I bvMwiKZvi aviYv I cwimi bvMwiKZvi vbxq welq RvwZmsN,
o iv I Gi Dcv`vb Aaqbi gvag cibxwZI bvMwiKZv KgbIqj_
2. cibxwZ I o miKvi welq cvVi cqvRbxqZv mK Z_ bvMwiKZvi AvRvwZK BDwbqb cwil`,
bvMwiKZv cvVi o ivi Drcw msMn Ki ZvwjKv Zwi Ges Dcvcb welq cimfv I wmwU
cqvRbxqZv Kie| Kcvikb
weklY KiZ evwoi KvR :
cvie| kwY Afxvi gvag g~jvqb:
`jxqfve cZ ZvwjKv Abyhvqx cibxwZ I cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv welq cvVi cqvRbxZv
bvMwiKZvi cqvRbxZv weklY Kie|
3. cwievi, mgvR, weklY|
iv, I miKvii ewk:
cwievi mgvR iv kwY Afxv:
aviYv evLv cwievi, mgvR, iv, I miKvii aviYv
KiZ cvie| 1 1 1
2 2 2 Kvb gZev` ejv nq weavZv ^qs iv mw
3 3 3 KiQb?
4. ivi Drcwi
Kvi gZ, cKwZ ivR wQj ^Mi gZv|
aviYv evLv ivi Drcw msv wewfb gZev`i GKK KvRi g~jvqb|
KiZ cvie| mvimsc PvUi gvag c`kb QK c~iY :
5. cwievi, mgvR, GKK KvR : ivi Drcw msv mevwaK welq
iv I miKvii MnYhvM gZev`wU wPwZKiY Ges Gi c GKK I h_ 1.
mK weklY hyw c`kb| cwievii cv_K 2.
KiZ cvie| `jMZ KvR : cwievi, mgvR I ivi mgvRi Dcv`vb 1.
cvivwiK mK| 2.
weZK : miKvi ivi GKgv wfw ivi Dcv`vb 1.
2.
miKvii A 1.
2.
RvZxq wkvg 2012 192
wZxq Aavq: bvMwiK I bvMwiKZv (12 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK
wkLb-kLbv wb`kbv
wb`kbv
eywewK bvMwiK I ckvi : BwZ-
1. bvMwiK I bvMwiKZvi bvMwiKZvi aviYv Zzwg wK bvMwiK? wgjKiY :
aviYv evLv KiZ Zzwg Kb bvMwiK?
cvie| kxjvi wgt w`jxc PvKzixi Dk `xN w`b welqe
evsjv`k evm KiQb| m MZ wbevPb fvU bvMwiK ghv`v
2. bvMwiKZvi ARbi bvMwiKZv ARbi w`Z cvib wb| wZwb wK evsjv`ki bvMwiK? bvMwiKZv vqx evwm`v
Dcvq eYbv KiZ Dcvq hyw : ewi cwiPq
cvie| 1.
2.
3. Z bvMwiKZv evLv Z bvMwiKZv GKK KvR : GKK KvR g~jvqb
KiZ cvie|
mybvMwiKi bvMwiKZv ARbi Dcvq QKi gvag Dcvcb|
ewk cwZe`b : cwZe`b g~jvqb
4. mybvMwiKZvi aviYv
evLv KiZ cvie| bvMwiK I we`kxi cv_K Abymvb (bvMwiK I
we`k dir evsjv`wk bvMwiKi mvvrKvi MnY evsjv`ki GK `w gvwKb hyiv Mgb Ki
Kiv hZ cvi)| Ges mLvb ivdmvb bvgK GK mvb Rb
5. bvMwiK AwaKvi I
bvMwiKi AwaKvi wkv_xi cheY I wPb- (mybvMwiK- eywgv, nq| ivdmvbi bvMwiKZ wKic ne?
KZei aviYv eYbv
KiZ cvie| bvMwiKi KZe weeK I AvZmshg)| RvZxq msm` wbevPb Revi Avjx GKRb mr I
`jMZ KvR : KZe civqY ewK fvU c`vb Kib| Revi
bvMwiK AwaKvii PvU Ki| Avjxi ga mybvMwiKi Kvb Y j Kiv hvq?
6. bvMwiK AwaKvi I
KZei mK evLv ivi cwZ bvMwiKi KZei ZvwjKv cZKiY|
weZK : kwY Afxvi gvag g~jvqb
KiZ cvie|
KZe cvjb eZxZ AwaKvi fvM Kiv hvq bv|
AvewMK GKK KvR : weZKi welqei c wec hyw cheY Ki
wbRi wPb `Zvi gvag wmv MnY Ki
7. bvMwiK `vwqZ I wkv_x wnme we`vjq Zzwg Kx Kx AwaKvi fvM
wjwLZfve Dcvcb |
KZe cvjb AvMnx Ki? ZvwjKv cZ Ki|
ne| we`vjqi cwZ Zzwg Kx Kx KZe cvjb Ki Zv LuyR
cZKZ ZvwjKv Abyhvqx g~jvqb |
ei Ki|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 193

ZZxq Aavq: AvBb, ^vaxbZv I mvg (14 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywewK bvMwiK I AvjvPbv : QK c~iY :
1. AvBb, ^vaxbZv I AvBb wkv_xi AwfZv Rvbvi gvag AvjvPbvi m~cvZ Kiv welq ewk
mvgi aviYv evLv bvMwiK I wbie cvVi eev Kiv| AvBb 1.
KiZ cvie| ^vaxbZv AvBb, ^vaxbZv I mvgi eve D`vniY| 2.
bvMwiK Rxeb AvBb I mvgvwRK g~jevai iZ mK AvjvKcvZ| ^vaxbZv 1.
2. AvBbi Drm eYbv I mvg 2.
KiZ cvie| weZK-
bvMwiK Rxeb mvg 1.
mvaviY wbqg-bxwZi mgwB AvBb|
AvBbi kvmb 2.
3. AvBb, ^vaxbZv I
mvgi mK weklY GKK KvR :
kwY Afxv :
KiZ cvie| AvBbi Drmi PvU Zwi|
AvBbi Drm eYbv
4. AvBbi kvmbi MyiZ `jMZ KvR :
evwoi KvR :
weklY KiZ cvie| AvBb, ^vaxbZv I mvgi mK LyR ei Kiv|
Drm : cvVcyK I eve D`vniY AvBb, ^vaxbZv I mvgi cvivwiK
mK weklY|
AvewMK:
5. AvBbi cwZ AvbyMZ cheY :
kwY Afxv :
c`kb Kie Ges
GKK KvR : AvBbi kvmbi iZ weklY|
AvBb gb Pje|
we`vjqi mywbw` wbqg-bxwZ gb Pjvi
AvBbi kvmb I bvMwiK Rxeb
welq cheY|
`jMZ KvR :
AvBbi kvmb gvbyli Rb cqvRb Kb? G welq
mywbw` D`vniYmn PKwj Zwi Ges kwYZ
Dcvcb|

evwoi KvR :
PKwj Abyhvqx ewMZfve wkv_x AvBbi kvmbi
iZ welq Zvi AwfZv/cheY wjL Avbe|
we`vjqi mywbw` wbqg-bxwZ gb Pjvi wb`kbv c`vb|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 194

PZy_ Aavq: iv I miKvieev (15 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywewK ivi cKvif` `jMZ KvR : kwY Afxv :
1. wewfb miKvi I iv I bvMwiKi mv_ KjvYg~jK ivi ewki GKwU PvU MYZ I GKbvqKZ bvMwiKi Aevb wbYq Ki|
eevq bvMwiKi mK Ab Kiv Class Test, Class Work Ges GKK KvR
Aevb I miKvii wewfb aibi
m mK evLv miKvi eev GKK KvR : welq ewk
KiZ cvie| MYZ MYZ I GKbvqKZ bvMwiKi MYZ
GKbvqKZ Aevb Abymvb| GKbvqKZ
2. wewfb aibi iv I
miKvi eev eYbv weZK :
KiZ cvie| GKgv MYZvwK miKvi eevqB
bvMwiK ^vaxbZv I AwaKvi mywbwZ
nq|
3. MYZ I
wewfb aibi miKvi eev mK PvU
GKbvqKi cv_K
Zwi
wbYq KiZ cvie|
`jxq KvR : cheYi gvag mywbw` AvPiY g~jvqb|
AvewMK:
4. MYZvwK AvPiY wewfb MYZvwK. miKvi eevq ewk
wkLZ I Zv cqvM wbaviY G welq GKKfve wicvU
KiZ Dy ne| ck|

`jZM KvR :
KZjv MYZvwK AvPiY wPwZKiY I
(`bw`b Rxeb _K bqv) Zv
AbymiYi wb`kbv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 195

cg Aavq: msweavb (15 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywewK GKK KvR : iv cwiPvwjZ wKmi gvag?
1. msweavbi aviYv I msweavb I Gi wewfb aibi msweavbi PvU cZ| wKmi gvag kvmK I kvwmZi mK eRvq _vK ?
iZ evLv KiZ iZ `jMZ KvR : hyivxq miKvi eevi Rb DchvMx Kvb msweavb
cvie| wewfb aibi iv cwiPvjbvq msweavbi iZ| ?
msweavb I Gi GKK KvR : kYx Afxv :
2. msweavb cYqbi ewk msweavb Zwii cwZ PvU c`kb| msweavb cYqbi cwZ weeiY|
cwZ eYbv KiZ msweavb cYqb GKK KvR : QK c~iY :
cvie| cwZ Dg msweavbi ewki ZvwjKv Zwi|
`jMZ KvR : kwY Afxv :
3. Dg msweavbi
Dg msweavbi evsjv`ki msweavb wK Dg? Dii evsjv`k msweavb iPbvi BwZnvm eYbv|
ewk eYbv KiZ
ewk c hyw `vI| evsjv`k msweavbi ewk wPwZ Ki :
cvie|
evsjv`ki msweavbi Kwc c`kbi 1. ...................
4. evsjv`k msweavb gvag msweavb iPbvi BwZnvm 2. ....................
iPbvi BwZnvm eYbv evsjv`ki AvjvPbv| 3. ....................
KiZ cvie| msweavb I Gi GKK KvR : 4. ....................
ewk msweavb iPbvi NUbv cevni ZvwjKv
5. evsjv`ki cZ I c`kb|
msweavbi ewk evsjv`ki msweavbi ewk mg~ni wgjKiY
evLv KiZ cvie| GKwU ZvwjKv cZ| mskvabx welqe
evsjv`ki wkv_xi cheY I wPb PZz_ mskvabx msm`xq miKvi cwZv
6. evsjv`ki msweavbi (evsjv`ki msweavb mskvabx AvBb, 1g v`k mskvabx ZveavqK miKvi
msweavbi mskvabxmg~n _K c`k)| AvBb
mskvabxmg~n eYbv GKK KvR : Gqv`k ivcwZ kvwmZ miKvi
KiZ cvie| evsjv`ki msweavbi mskvabxmg~ni mskvabx AvBb ceZb Ges evKkvj MVb
1wU Ki g~j ewki ZvwjKv Zwi c`k mskvabx ZveavqK miKvi wejy

RvZxq wkvg 2012 196

l Aavq : evsjv`ki miKvi eev (20 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywewK evsjv`ki kvmb Rvovq KvR : wgjKiY:
1. evsjv`k miKvii wefvM ivcwZi gZv I Kvhvejxi ZvwjKv KvRi welq
^ic eYbv KiZ o ivcwZ: cZ ivcwZ gwmfvi bZv
cvie| gZv I cavbgx evsjv`ki ckvmb eevi cavbgx ckvmwbK bxwZ
Kvhvejx gagwY hyw `vI| cYqb
2. evsjv`ki ivcwZ, o cavbgx: gwmfv iv cavb
cavbgx I gwmfvi gZv I GKK KvR : `jMZ KvR g~jvqb
gZv I Kvhvejx Kvhvejx evsjv`ki ckvmwbK KvVvgvi QK Zwi evsjv`ki ckvmwbK KvVvgvi i KqwU?
eYbv KiZ cvie| o gwmfv: K`xq ckvmbi mewb Kvi Aevb?
MVb, gZv cheY-
3. evsjv`ki ckvmwbK Rj ckvmbi kvmK K?
I Kvhvejx RvZxq msm`i Qwe
KvVvgv eYbv KiZ RvZxq msm`i cavb KvR Kx ?
evsjv`ki
cvie| ckvmwbK KvVvgv evRU cvk Kiv RvZxq msm`i Kvb aibi KvR ?
Rvovq KvR :
miKvii Kvb wefvMK RvZxq msm` wbqY Ki ?
evsjv`ki RvZxq msm`i MVbi QK Zwi
4. evsjv`ki AvBbmfv
AvBbmfvi MVb, RvZxq ms`i Kvhvejxi ZvwjKv cZ kwY Afxv :
o RvZxq msm`
gZv I Kvhvewj : MVb, gZv mycxg KvUi gZv Kvhvejx
eYbv KiZ cvie| GKK KvR :
I Kvhvejx evsjv`ki wePvi KvVvgvi QK cZ
evsjv`ki
5. evsjv`ki wePvi
wePvieev `jxq KvR :
wefvMi MVb, gZv
o mycxg KvU wb Av`vjZi wePvi cwqvi QK cZ
I Kvhvewj eYbv
o nvBKvU
KiZ cvie|
o wb Av`vjZ

RvZxq wkvg 2012 197

mg Aavq 07: MYZ ivRbwZK `j I wbevPb (18 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywewK ivRbwZK `ji GKK KvR : kwY Afxv :
1. ivRbwZK `ji aviYv ZvwjKv cZ : ivRbwZK `ji aviYv, ewk I Kvhvewj
aviYv I ewk ivRbwZK `ji o ivRbwZK `ji ewk evwoi KvR :
evLv KiZ cvie| ewk o ivRbwZK `ji Kvhvejx MYZ weKvk ivRbwZK `ji Kvhvejx
ivRbwZK `ji `jMZ KvR :
Kvhvejx wbevPbi mgq ivRbwZK `ji evsjv`ki ivRbwZK `ji Dci GKwU Uwej Zwi
m`mMY Zv`i `jxq Kgm~wP cPvi Ki
2. MYZi weKvk MYZ weKvk Ki RbgZK wbR`i c bqvi BwZ:
ivRbwZK `ji ivRbwZK `j Pv Ki| DwjwLZ KvRi gvag ivRbwZK cwZvi eZgvb Av`k
fwgKv weklY ivRbwZK `j wKfve MYZ weKvk `ji bvg mb `jbZv
evsjv`ki
KiZ cvie| mnvqZv KiQ, Zv `jxq AvjvPbvi 1
ivRbwZK
3. evsjv`ki cavb gvag wbaviY Ki| 2
`jeev
cavb ivRbwZK GKK KvR : 3
`ji eYbv w`Z wbevPb
cwZvKvjmn cavb cavb ivRbwZK 4
cvie| wbevPb Kwgkb
`ji ZvwjKv cZ |
4. MYZ I wbevPbi `jMZ KvR : kwY Afxv :
mK wbicY KiZ MYZ I wbevPbi mK wbicY
evsjv`ki MYZ I wbevPbi mK wbicY
cvie| weZK :
5. evsjv`ki wbevPb wbevPb Kwgkb
wbevPb wwZkxj MYZi GKgv evwoi KvR :
Kwgkbi MVb,
kZ| evsjv`ki wbevPb Kwgkbi MVb, gZv I Kvhvejx
gZv I Kvhvejx
`jMZ KvR : eYbv
eYbv KiZ cvie|
AvewMq wbevPb Kwgkbi MVbi PvU c`kb|
wbevPb Kwgkbi gZv I Kvhvejxi
6. MYZvwK AvPiY ZvwjKv cZ|
KiZ Dy nZ weZK :
myy wbevPbB MYZvwK miKvii mvdji
GKgv kZ |

RvZxq wkvg 2012 198

Ag Aavq : evsjv`ki vbxq miKvi eev (21 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywewK vbxq miKvi `jMZ KvR : evwoi KvR :
1. evsjv`ki vbxq o BDwbqb `jMZfve wbR wbR vbxq miKvi Zvgvi wbR GjvKvq (IqvW ) mwZ vbxq
miKvi eevi MVb, cwil` : MVb eevi mvw`Z (Zvgvi wbR GjvKvi) miKvii mvw`Z 1wU KvR DjL Ki|
gZv I Kvhvejx I Kvhvewj KvRi ZvwjKv Zwi (Abyicfve mKj evwoi KvR :
eYbv KiZ cvie| o DcRjv vbxq miKvi eevi KvRi ZvwjKv vbxq miKvi eevi wewfb ii cviwiK
cwil`: MVb DjL Kiv hvq)| mK weklY (BDwbqb cwil` cimfv,
2. evsjv`ki vbxq I Kvhvewj wbR wbR vbxq miKvii Kvhvjq wMq DcRjv cwil`, Rjv cwil`)
miKvi eevi wewfb o Rjv cwil`: G msv ZvwjKv msMn | GKK KvR:
ii cviwiK MVb I bxPi ZvwjKv _K kni I MvgxY Ges KvR bvMwiKZvi weKvk
mK weklY KiZ Kvhvewj wekl aibi miKvi eev Avjv`v Ki f~wgKv
cvie| o cimfv : Uwej Zwi Ki fvUvi
MVb I kni Mvg wekl ZvwjKv
3. bvMwiKZvi weKvk Kvhvewj wUKv`vb
vbxq miKvii iZ o wmwU `jMZ AvjvPbv ivvNvU
weklY KiZ Kcvikb: wbgvY
`jMZfve vbxq miKvi eevi wewfb
cvie| MVb I ii cviwiK mK wbYq|
Kvhvewj GKK KvR: fvevLvwj BDwbqbi ingZi x SMovi KviY
4. bvMwiK myhvM-myweav o cveZ PUMvg kni wMq cvwievwiK Av`vjZ ^vgxi wei
c`vbi vbxq Zvgvi GjvKvq vbxq miKvii GKwU
AvwjK bvwjk KiZ hvq| wK ingZ Pvq BDwc
miKii iZ eYbv KvR wPwZ Ki Zv wKfve bvMwiKZv
cwil`: MVb Pqvigvbi gvaZvq GB SMov wgwUq djZ
KiZ cvie| weKvk fwgKv cvjb Ki Zv
I Kvhvewj Pvq|
`LvI|(hgb- Rb wbeb)
o bvMwiKZvi BDwc Pqvigvbi gvaZvq BDwbqb cwil`
`jMZ KvR :
weKvk vbxq Awdm GB SMovi mgvavb ingZ I Zvi xi
miKvi Zvgvi wbR vbxq miKvi nZ Zzwg Kx
Kx myweav cZ cvi Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv Rb Kx Kx myweav wbwZ KiZ cvi?
cZ Ki|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 199

beg Aavq: bvMwiK mgmv I Avgv`i KiYxq (30 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywewK GKK KvR : evwoi KvR :
1. Avgv`i bvMwiK bvMwiK mgmv Avgv`i bvMwiK Rxebi cavb Avgv`i bvMwiK Rxebi cavb mgmvmg~n hywmn
Rxebi cavb mgmvijvi ZvwjKv cZ, ZvwjKv AMvwaKvi wbYq Ki|
mgmvjv wPwZ nZ wbR wbR GjvKvi mgmvjv KviY Ges cwZKvii Dcvq wbYq-
KiZ cvie| wPwZKiY I Zv c`kb| RbmsLv mgmvi cwZKvii Dcvq
GKK KvR : KviY
2. RbmsLv mgmvi o RbmsLv: mgmv Zvgvi cwZekx`i ga AwaK
KviY I Gi cfve I cwZKvi RbmsLvi GKwU cwievi wPwZ Ki 1.
Ges mgvavbi Dcvq Zv`i mgmvi KviY I mgmvi cfve 2.
weklY KiZ cvie| Ges Gi cwZKvi `LvI| 3.
`jMZ AvjvPbv : wbiZvi KviY cwZKvii Dcvq
3. wbiiZvi KviY, o wbiiZv : KviY Zvgvi Avkcvki GKwU wbii 1.
cfve I mgvavbi I cwZKvi jvKi wbiZvi KviY, Zvi cfve 2.
Dcvq eYbv KiZ Ges Zv mgvavbi Dcvq wb`k Ki| 3.
cvie|
`jxq KvR: evRvi Pvj wKbZ wMq
`Lv Mj h, Pvji `vg Lye ewk kwY Afxv:
4. Lv` wbivcvRwbZ o Lv` wbivcv: Lv` wbivcvRwbZ msKUi KviY I cwZKvii
Ges evPvi chv Pvj bB| G NUbvi
msKUi KviY I msKU I cwZKvi Dcvq evLv
Kx Kx KviY nZ cvi Ges Zv Kvb
cwZKvii Dcvq o kwY Afxv:
mgmvK wb`k Ki Zv wbaviY
evLv KiZ cvie|
Kiv| cwiekMZ `yhvMi aviYv eYbv Kiv
Lv` wbivcv KviY I Gi cwZKvi evwoi KvR:
ew I cvwievwiK AwfZv wewbgq| cwiekMZ `yhvM gvKvejvi Dcvq eYbv Kiv

RvZxq wkvg 2012 200

beg Aavq : bvMwiK mgmv I Avgv`i KiYxq (30 wcwiqW) Pjgvb-2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
5. cwiekMZ `yhvMi o cwiekMZ `yhvM
aviYv eYbv KiZ GKK KvR : K) mvm I Rxev`i 4wU KviY chvqg wjL
cvie| 3. Zvgvi GjvKvq msNwUZ 1wU L) mvmi djvdji Dci GKwU QK Zwi Ki
cwiekMZ `yhvM wPwZ Ki Zv bgybv:
6. cwiekMZ `yhvM o cwiekMZ `yhvM mgvavbi Dcvq `LvI| djvdj
gvKvejvi Dcvq : gvKvejvq 1. cwiekMZ `yhvMi GKwU ZvwjKv ivRbwZK
eYbv KiZ cvie| KiYxq Zwi A_bwZK
mvgvwRK
7. mvm I Rwev`i o mvm I Rxev` GKK KvR :
Drm, mgvR Rxeb : cwZKvi KiYxq mcwZ `wbK cwZwKvq cKvwkZ 1wU M) mvm I Rxev`i cwZKvii Dci Zvgvi civgk
Gi cfve Ges Gi mvmx KgKv wPwZ Ki Zv mgvavb `vI/wjL
wbimbi Dcvq Zvgvi mycvwik ck Ki|
evLv KiZ cvie| o bvix wbhvZb: `jMZ KvR: evwoi KvR:
wewfb ic I 3. hZzK wKfve bvix wbhvZbi AbZg bvix wbhvZbi KviY I cwZKvii Dcvq eYbv
8. bvix wbhvZbi KviY cwZKvi KviY, Zv Zvgvi Rvbv Kvbv NUbvi kwY Afxv: bvMwiK mgmv mgvavb bvMwiKi f~wgKvB
I cwZKvii Dcvq viv eywSq `vI| cavb-evLv Ki|
eYbv KiZ cvie|
GKK KvR :
9. bvMwiK mgmv Zvgvi wbR GjvKvi Kvbv bvMwiK
mgvavb bvMwiKi mgmv wPwZ Ki Zv mgvavb Zvgvi
f~wgKv wbYq KiZ mycvwik `vI|
cvie|

AvewMq :
10. bvMwiK mgmv
mgvavb AvMnx ne

RvZxq wkvg 2012 201

`kg Aavq: ^vaxb evsjv`ki Afy`q bvMwiK PZbv (28 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywewK : ^vaxbZv msMvgi cUf~wg `jMZ KvR :
1. evsjv`ki ^vaxbZv evsjv`ki ^vaxbZv msMvgi BwZnvmi ^vaxbZvi c~e Ges cii bvMwiK
msMvg, fvlv 1940 mvji jvnvi cwZwU ce DjL Ki GKwU PvU Zwi (mb Aevbi Zzjbvg~jK weklY|
Av`vjb I cve I welq DjL _vKe)|
gywhyi PZbv I
Av`k Ges `kcg cKvk cvq Ggb wKQz KvRi
1948-52 mvji fvlv ZvwjKv Zwi|
Amv`vwqK Av`vjb
g~jeva evLv GKK KvR
KiZ cvie| 1970 mvji wbevPbi djvdji PvU
evvwji gyw msMvg I
Qq`dv Kgm~wP Zwi I Dcvcb|
2. `kcgi iZ
evLv I Dcjw `jMZKvR:
KiZ cvie| 1969 Gi MYAfyvb
gywhy hv`yNi cwi`kbi eev Kiv
1970 mvji wbevPb (me nj)|
1971 mvji gywhy I ^vaxbZv msMvgi
eezi AmnhvM AvjvKwP msMn I c`kb (c-cwKv
Av`vjb Ges cvVcyKi mnvqZvq)|

1971 mvji gywhy I

^vaxbZv jvf

RvZxq wkvg 2012 202

GKv`k Aavq: evsjv`k I AvRvwZK msMVb (14 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywewK : mvK wbie cvV-
1. mvKi MVb, Dk mvKi MVb Dk welq ckvi| evwoi KvR :
Ges evsjv`ki mvKi MVb, Dk Ges evsjv`ki mv_ mvKi
mv_ Gi mK GKK KvR : mK|
weklY KiZ RvwZmsNi wewfb kvLvmg~n PvU
cvie| Dcvcb | GKK KvR : weZKi welqei AvjvK g~jvqb|
2. RvwZmsNi MVb, RvwZmsN Abymvb wicvUi gvag g~jvqb|
Dk eYbv KiZ `jMZ KvR
cvie| RvwZmsN MVbi cUf~wg I Dk Abymvb cwZe`b
3. RvwZmsN I mK `jxq AvjvPbv I cwZe`b RvwZmsNi kvwiv wgkb evsjv`ki f~wgKv
evsjv`ki mK Dcvcb| welqK iZc~Y Z_ : (Class Work) 3/4/5wU
eYbv KiZ cvie| K.
4. RvwZmsNi kvwiv weZK : L.
wgkb evsjv`ki wekkvw cwZvB RvwZmsNi GKgv M.
fwgKv evLv KiZ Dk/KvR| N.
cvie|
5. KgbIqj_i MVb, KgbIqj_ Abymvb :
Dk Ges
RvwZmsNi mv_ evsjv`ki mKi
evsjv`ki mv_ Gi
BwZe| (cvVcyK I BUvibU)|
mK eYbv KiZ
cvie|
IAvBwm `jxq KvR:
6. IAvBwm-i MVb,
Dk Ges RvwZmsN I evsjv`ki mKi
evsjv`ki mv_ Gi mg~n PvU Dcvcb|
mK eYbv KiZ RvwZmsNi kvwiv wgkb
cvie| evsjv`ki fwgKv welq
Abymvbg~jK KvR|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 203

5. jLK wb`kbv

wkv_x`i Rb evaMg, AvKlYxq, Avb``vqK I gvbmZ cvVcyK iPbvi jLKi Rb wKQy wb`kbvi mycvwik Kiv njv :
1. jLKK AekB iZ cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv welqi wkvg `wjjwU fvjvfve cvV Ki Gi Dk, iZ I ggv_ Abyaveb KiZ ne| wekl Ki wkvg ewYZ
wkLbdj, welqey, wkLb-kLvbv Kkj, D`vniY, g~jvqb BZvw` gj welqjv fvjvfve Avq Ki wbeb|
2. cvVcyK iPbvi mgq jLKK AekB wkv_x`i eqm, wkvi I cvV`vbi myhvM myweav weePbvq ivLZ ne|
3. ZvwK I Abykxjbagx welqjv Ggbfve eve D`vniY, wP, Qwe, PvU, gvbwP BZvw` mg^q mnRfvlvq Dcvcb KiZ ne hvZ evaMg I wkv_xeve nq|
Kvhgjv AekB welqm, RxebNwb, A_c~Y I nIqv evbxq|
4. cwZwU cvV Dcvcbvi mgq welq ev cZqi msv w`q i Kivi ixwZ wbirmvwnZ Kiv nQ| eis cvV iPbvi mgq D`vniYmn eYbv Kivi civgk `Iqv nQ hvZ wkv_x
eYbvi ga w`q Abymvbg~jK `wfw wbq welqi ggv_ Dcjw KiZ mg nq|
5. bvMwiK Rxebi AwaKvi I KZe AvjvPbvi mgq RbMYi Z_ AwaKvii welqwU mwVKfve Zzj aiZ ne| cvVcyK Abvb welqi mwVK I cvYe Dcvcbi Rb
jLK mswk miKvwi wewa, msev`c, Rvbvj, cKvwkZ cyK, wbe, cwZe`b, mv`Kxq BZvw`i mvnvh wbZ cvib| Ze G mswk Kwc^Z AvBb Aek AbymiY
KiZ ne|
6. welqeyi Dcvcbvq mZZv, bwZKZv, `kcg, ag wbicZv, cigZmwnzZv BZvw` mvgvwRK I bwZK Yvewj ARb Ges Avgv`i Mievj BwZnvm, gnvb gywhyi
PZbv, wbR^ HwZn I mswZi cwZ AekB iZ w`Z ne|
7. Z_i idvim `Iqvi cPwjZ ixwZ AekB AbymiY KiZ ne|
8. jLK cwZwU cvV iPbvi iZ e wkLbdj wjL i Kieb| GKB wkLbdji hgb GKvwaK cvV nZ cvi Zgwb GKvwaK wkLbdji RbI GKwU cvV nZ cvi| j
ivLZ ne cwZwU cvV kl wbw` wkLbdjwU hb AwRZ nq| wkv_x`i Abykxjbi Rb cwZ Aavq kl chv e wbevPwb, mRbkxj ckmn Abvb Kvhg mshvRb
KiZ ne|
9. PwjZ fvlvq evsjv GKvWgxi cwgZ evbvbixwZ AbymiY Ki cyK iPbv KiZ ne| UKwbKvj k I cwifvlvi BsiwR Awfav eenvi KiZ cvieb|
10. wkvgi wb`kbv Abyhvqx cwZwU cvV 50 wgwbU Dcvcbvi DchvMx Ki wjLZ ne| cwZwU cvV cvkvcvwk `yUv cvq chv wkLb-kLvbv Kvhgmn wjLZ ne|
ZvQvov wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg Z_v kwYi KvR, gwLK Dcvcbv (weZK, DcwZ eZv BZvw`), evwoi KvR, Abymvbg~jK KvR I `jMZKvR cwiPvjbv/cixY/
Abykxjbi Rb AwZwi wcwiqW weePbvq iL (cyKi Rb wbavwiZ cvi ga) cvVcyK iPbv KiZ ne|
11. cvVcyKi cv msLvt 140-150 cv|

12. cvywjwc : K. dU mvBR 13 nZ ne| L. jvBb m 1.5 nZ ne| M. cvywjwci mvBR 1/8 wWwm (10.5 7.75) ne| N. KUU Gwiqv 9.56.25 nZ ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 204

 wkvg
A_bxwZ
beg-`kg kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 205

1. f~wgKv
vb-wevbi cmvi, Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi Afvebxq DbwZi cvcU wek A_bwZK eevq evcK cwieZb mvwaZ nQ| Avgv`i RvZxq A_bxwZi KvVvgv, A_bwZK
jb`b, Rxeb-RxweKv, Dbqb bxwZ I Kvhg BZvw` cwieZb nQ| A_bwZK AMMwZi cvkvcvwk A_bwZK msKUI ew cvQ|

Ggb cwiewZZ cwiwwZ eySv I mvdji mv_ gvKvejvi hvMZv ARbi j beg-`kg kwYi A_bxwZ welqi wkvg Dbqb Kiv nqQ| 6 _K 8g kwYZ cwVZ
A_bxwZ welqK vb-`Zv Ges `wfw mymsnZ Kivi cvkvcvwk GKv`k I v`k kwYZ A_bxwZ cvVi cwZ MnYi DchvMx welqei mg^q Kiv nqQ| G welqi
cvVm~wP AvwjK I AvRvwZK Zzjgvb DbxZ Kivi Rb KqKwU DbZ I Dbqbkxj `ki 6 _K vZK chvqi A_bxwZ wkvg chvjvPbv Kiv nqQ|

cwiewZZ wek A_bwZK cwiwwZ, RvZxq A_bxwZi MwZaviv, wewfb `ki wkvg chvjvPbv Ges wkv_x`i wkLb Pvwn`v weePbv Ki G welqi wkvi Dk, wkLbdj
I welqe webvm Kiv nqQ | A_bxwZi aviYv, Z Ges wewamg~ni mvaviY AvjvPbvi cvkvcvwk evsjv`k cm, RvZxq A_bxwZ Ges A_bwZK mgmv I mvebv
hyMcrfve Dcvcb Kiv nqQ| eenvwiK Rxeb A_bxwZi vbi cqvMi Dci iZ w`q wkvg Dbqb Kiv nqQ|

cZvkv Kiv hvq h, G welq vb ARb Ki wkv_xiv A_bwZK mgmv mgvavb mP ne, `ki AMMwZ I mgw mvab AvMnx nq DVe Ges wbR Kvb A_bwZK Kg
wKsev D`vM MnY Ki Rbm` cwiYZ ne| mevcwi `kcg, bvMwiK I gvbweK g~jeva DxweZ nq `ki A_bxwZi Dbqb mvab Ae`vb ivLe|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 206

2. Dk

1. A_bxwZi Drcw I weKvk Ges g~j AvjvP welq mK vb ARb|

2. A_bxwZi gwjK aviYv, Z I wewa wkv jvf Kiv Ges eve cqvM KiZ mg_ nIqv|
3. m~wP, mviwY, jLwP, MvwYwZK m~ BZvw` cqvMi gvag A_bwZK Z I aviYv weklY KiZ cviv|
4. Drcv`b , Drcv`bi DcKiY I Drcv`b eqi aviYv jvf Ges fwelZ wbRK Drcv`b cwqvq hy KiZ Dy nIqv|
5. evRvi Ges evsjv`ki evRvi eevi cKwZ mK aviYv jvf Kiv|
6. evsjv`ki A_bxwZ Ges Gi iZc~Y LvZmg~ni Ae`vb mK vb jvf Kiv|
7. A_bwZK KvhKjvci gwjK cwigvcmg~n RvbZ cviv Ges A_bwZK weklY mg_ nIqv|
8. A_ I evsK eevi cKwZ Ges Kvhvewj mK aviYv ARb|
9. evsjv`ki miKvwi A_eevi ^ic Dcjw KiZ cviv|
10. evsjv`ki Dbqbi cwZeKZv eySZ cviv Ges Gme cwZeKZv `~ixKiY KiYxq wbaviY mg_ nIqv|
11. eenvwiK Rxeb A_bxwZi vb cqvM KiZ AvMnx nIqv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 207

3. Aavq webvm Ges mgq eb
Aavqi bvg wcwiqW msLv

c_g Aavq A_bxwZ cwiPq 22

wZxq Aavq A_bxwZi iZc~Y aviYvmg~n 22
ZZxq Aavq DchvM, Pvwn`v, hvMvb I fvimvg 30
PZz_ Aavq Drcv`b I msMVb 22
cg Aavq evRvi 18
l Aavq RvZxq Avq I Gi cwigvc 20
mg Aavq A_ I evsK eev 20
Ag Aavq evsjv`k A_bxwZ 18
beg Aavq evsjv`ki iZc~Y A_bwZK cm 26

`kg Aavq evsjv`k miKvii A_eev 18

RvZxq wkvg 2012 208

 4. wkvg QK
beg-`kg kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 209

c_g Aavq : A_bxwZ cwiPq (22 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. A_bxwZi Drcw I Gi weKvk A_bxwZ cwiPq QK c~iY :
hyM cwigvq (h_v-wMK, ivgvb, Bwqvb, A_bxwZ GKwU ^Z
avivevwnKfve eYbv KiZ o A_bxwZi Drcw I wdwRIKvUm, gviKbUvBwjRg Ges welq wnme cwiwPZ
cvie| weKvk GWvg w_ ch) A_bxwZi Drcw I hyM A_bxwZi aviYv
wdwRIKvUm jvfi c~e K_v ( nhiZ
2. `yvcZv I Amxg Afvei Gi weKvki iZc~Y w`K cvvi gviKbUvBwjRg gymv (Av:) wMK, ivgvb,
cviwiK mK evLv KiZ ccvi/evW wjL Dcvcb Ges GWvg w_ Bwqvb, wdwRIKvUm,
cvie| ckviwfwK AvjvPbv Kiv| gviKbUvBwjRg Ges
3. A_bxwZi aviYv eYbv KiZ `ywU cavb A_bwZK
o GWvg w_i mgqKvj
cvie| mgmv : `yvcZv I Afvei mv_ m`i ch) msc AvjvPbv
4. A_bxwZi cavb `kwU bxwZ eYbv Amxg Afve wkv_xiv wbR wbR cwievi Afve Ges mK wbYq Kiv| Kiv|
KiZ cvie| o A_bxwZi aviYv Afve c~iYi cv m`i ZvwjKv Zwi
5. wewfb A_bwZK eevi cwiPq `yvcZv I Amxg Afve
Kiv| GKKfve cZKZ ZvwjKv wbq wKfve A_bxwZi welqi
eYbv KiZ cvie| kwYZ AvjvPbv Kiv|
6. wewfb A_bwZK eevi o A_bxwZi `kwU bxwZ m`i myz ebi mv_ g~jwfw Zv D`vniYmn
A_bxwZi `kwU bxwZ Ges cwZwU bxwZ mwKZ bxwZjv wPwZ Dcvcb Kiv|
Zzjbvg~jK myweav I Amyweav o Avqi evKvi cevn
mwKZ D`vniY chvqg ckvii Kiv mxwgZ m` Ges Amxg
g~jvqb KiZ cvie| (`ywU LvZ)
gvag AvjvPbv Kiv| Afvei KviY m
o wewfb A_bwZK
cheY : A_bwZK mgmv Ges
gbvcwkR eev (cwiPq, AbKZ Avqi cevn
mgvRi `ywU Mvx: Gme mgmvi mgvavb h
7. `ywU LvZ wewk Avqi evKvi cavb ewkmg~n): wPi mwVKZv
o dvg ev Drcv`K kv AvjvwPZ nq Zv
cevni bKkv Ab KiZ wPivqZ A_bxwZ,
o cwievi A_bxwZ Ggb ee ck
cvie| evRvi A_bxwZ,
G `yqi cviwiK wbfikxjZv AvjvPbv Kiv|
wb`kg~jK A_bxwZ,
Kiv|
wgk A_bxwZ I A_bxwZi 10wU bxwZ
GKK KvR :
Bmjvwg A_bxwZ msc eYbv Kiv|
AveMxq dvg I cwievii cviwiK wbfikxjZvi
8. evsjv`k I Abvb `ki cevn wP Ab| wbPi ZvwjKvq ewYZ
A_bwZK eev mK RvbZ `kjvi A_bxwZi MVb
cwZwU A_bwZK eevi cavb
I eySZ AvMnx ne| ewki AvjvK Hme
ewkmg~n Ges RxebNwb D`vniY
`ki cPwjZ A_eevi
chvqg Dcvcb Kiv|
cwiPq Ges myweav-Amyweav
wPwZ Kiv

RvZxq wkvg 2012 210

c_g Aavq : A_bxwZ cwiPq ( 22 wcwiqW ) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv

kwYi KvR : (GKKfve) `ki bvg Ges A_eevi myweav Amyweav

cwievi/Lvbv I eemv
A_bxwZi ewk aib
evsjv`ki cPwjZ A_eevi evsjv`k: cwZvb (dvg) G `ywU LvZ
cavb ewkmg~ni ZvwjKv Zwi 1. mwi miKvwi I
emiKvwi gvwjKvbv wbq Avqi evKvi cevn
Kiv| 2. miKvi cqvRb `vg AsKb I AvjvPbv Kiv|
cZKi cZKZ ZvwjKv wbqY Ki
3. enr wk KviLvbvq weki wewfb `k cPwjZ
`jxqfve mgw^Z Ki GKwU miKvwi gvwjKvbvq A_bwZK eevmg~ni
GKK ZvwjKv Zwi Kiv| Rvcvb:
cwiwPwZ, cavb ewkmg~n
1. m`i ew
gvwjKvbv eYbv Kiv|
2. fvvi c~Y ^vaxbZv
3. Aeva cwZhvwMZv

Pxb :
1. ew gvwjKvbv mxwgZ
2. miKvi evRvi wbqY
Ki
3. cwiKwZ A_bxwZ

RvZxq wkvg 2012 211

wZxq Aavq : A_bxwZi iZc~Y aviYvmg~n ( 22 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. A_bwZK m`i aviYv evLv KiZ A_bxwZi iZc~Y wewfb aibi m`i Qwe/PvU cKvif` Abyhvqx mwVK A_bwZK m` Kx Ges
cvie| aviYvmg~n c`kbc~eK AvjvPbv I ckvi g~jvqb Kiv A_bwZK m`i
2. cvKwZK m`, gvbe m` Ges kwYi KvR : (GKKfve) cKvif` D`vniYmn
Drcvw`Z m`i ga Zzjbv KiZ QKi mvnvh evsjv`ki cv AvjvPbv Kiv| Gici
cvie| m`mg~nK m`i cKvif` QK c~iY : evsjv`ki A_bwZK
3. evsjv`ki wewfb A_bwZK m` o A_bwZK m`
Abyhvqx web Kiv| `e D`vniY m`i weeiY `Iqv|
wPwZ KiZ cvie| (cvKwZK m`, (2wU) D`vniYmn `ei
4. `e Kx Zv eYbv KiZ cvie| gvbe m`, eve wKQz `e/`ei Qwe wKsev A_bwZK `e
cKvif` AvjvPbv Kiv,
5. Aevajf `e Ges A_bwZK `ei Drcvw`Z m`, PvU c`kb c~eK ckvi I gaeZx `e
g~jabx `e g~jabx I gaeZx `ei
ga cv_K wbYq KiZ cvie| evsjv`ki m`) AvjvPbv vqx fvM `e cv_K wbYq wkv_xi
6. vqx I Avqx fvM `ei ga o `e, Aevajf `e,
KvR (Activity) mshvRb
Zzjbv KiZ cvie| A_bwZK `e, Amxg Afve Ges m` mxwgZ ck : Kiv hZ cvi
7. gaeZx `e I g~jabx `ei ga vqx I Avqx fvM nIqvi KviY wbevPb KiZ nq wbevPb I myhvM eqi aviYv eve NUbvi AeZviYv
cv_K wbYq KiZ cvie| `e, gaeZx `e, Ggb eve NUbvi AeZviYv Ges evLv Kiv Ki myhvM eq I
8. myhvM eq I wbevPbi aviYv evLv g~jabx `e, AvjvPbv I ckvi|
o myhvM eq I wbevPb msMnxZ Z_ chvjvPbvi wbevPbi aviYv e Kiv
KiZ cvie| GKwU cwievii KvwbK Avq- gvag Avq, mq I Avq, mq I wewbqvM
9. Avq, mq I wewbqvMi ga mK o Avq, mq I eqi wnmve weeiYx Dcvcb Ki
wewbqvM wewbqvMi mK wbYq Ki Kx Ges wZbwUi
wbYq KiZ cvie| Zvi AvjvK Avq, mq I
o A_bwZK Kvhvewj QK c~iY : cviwiK mK
10. A_bwZK I A-A_bwZK KvRi wewbqvM mK ckvii gvag
I A-A_bwZK evsjv`ki kni I MvgxY RxebNwb D`vniYmn
ga Zzjbv KiZ cvie| AvjvPbv Kiv|
Kvhvewj GjvKvi iZc~Y A_bwZK AvjvPbv Kiv
11. evsjv`ki wewfb A_bwZK kwYZ KvR (GKK) :
evsjv`ki Kvhvewj A_bwZK I A-
Kvhvewji ZvwjKv Zwi KiZ cvie| o wkv_xiv wbR wbR cwievi I
A_bwZK Kvhvewj kni MvgxY A_bwZK KvRi
gbvcwkR AvZxq`i Avq, mq I wewbqvM 1. 1. D`vniYmn AvjvPbv
12. vqx I Avqx fvM `ei ZvwjKv 2. 2.
msv Z_ msMn Ges cwZe`b Kiv|
cZ Ki Zv c`kb KiZ cvie| 3. 3.
AveMxq Zwi| evsjv`ki DjLhvM
13. A_bxwZi aviYvmg~n wkv jvf Ges `ki wewfb aibi KvRKgi A_bwZK Kvhvewji
eve Rxeb cqvM Dy ne| cvgvY wP/ PvU c`kb Kiv Ges cvgvYwP mshvRb
Gi wfwZ ckvi I AvjvPbv Kiv|
Kiv|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 212
ZZxq Aavq : DchvM, Pvwn`v, hvMvb I fvimvg ( 30 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. DchvMi aviYv eYbv KiZ DchvM, Pvwn`v, hvMvb fvM, fvv, DchvM mK m~wPi Lvwj Ni c~iY Ki : DchvM, fvM Ges
cvie| I fvimvg ckvii gvag AvjvPbv Kiv| `ei `vg gvU cvwK
fvvi aviYvK cii
2. DchvM, fvM I fvvi ga GKK (UvKv) DchvM DchvM
o fvM, DchvM I GKwU KvwbK D`vniY _K 1g Kgjv 10 mwKZ Ki Dcvcb|
mK wbYq KiZ cvie| fvv gvU DchvM I cvwK DchvM 2q Kgjv 8 gvU DchvM, cvwK
3. gvU DchvM h cvwK DchvMi o gvU DchvM I wbYqi cwZ Abykxjb Kiv 3q Kgjv 5 DchvM Ges gnvmgvb
mgw Zv cgvY KiZ cvie| cvwK DchvM kwYi KvR (GKK/`jxqfve) cvwK DchvM wewa eve
4. gnvmgvb cvwK DchvM wewa o gnvmgvb cvwK KvwbK NUbvi wfwZ NUbv, m~wP I iLvi
wP mnKvi evLv KiZ cvie| DchvM wewa mvnvh Dcvcb Kiv|
gnvmgvb cvwK DchvM
5. `vg I Pvwn`vi cwigvYi mK o Pvwn`v, Pvwn`v wewa,
wewaK m~wP I iLvwP ic`vb| m~wPi AvjvK ewMZ Pvwn`v iLv `eg~ji cwieZbi mv_
evLv KiZ cvie| Pvwn`v m~wP _K Pvwn`v I hvMvbi mK
6. `vgi cwieZbi mv_ Pvwn`vi Pvwn`v iLv Ab KvwbK Pvwn`v m~wP Dcvcb Ki Ab :
m~wP I iLvwPi mvnvh
cwigvY wKfve cwiewZZ nq Zv (^vfvweK `e) `vg I Pvwn`vi gaKvi mK PvDji `vg Pvwn`vi cwigvY
(UvKv) (KwR) evLv Kiv|
wPi mvnvh evLv KiZ o evRvi Pvwn`v iLv AvjvPbv Kiv, D m~wPK wP
cvie| ic w`q ewMZ Pvwn`v iLv 30 100 ewMZ Pvwn`viLv
Ab 25 120 (2Rb) _K evRvi Pvwn`v
7. `vg I hvMvbi cwigvYi mK o hvMvb, hvMvb wewa, Ab Kiv| 20 150
Ges 2wU cwZvbi hvMvb
evLv KiZ cvie| hvMvb m~wP _K `yB ev ZZvwaK ewi Pvwn`v
iLv _K evRvi hvMvb
hvMvb iLv Ab iLvi mg^q evRvi Pvwn`v iLv
iLv Abi cwZ
gbvcwkR o evRvi hvMvb iLv Ab Ki AvjvPbv| KvwbK evRvi Pvwn`v m~wP _K mshvRb Kiv|
8. Pvwn`v m~wP Zwi I Pvwn`v iLv Ab Kvbv `e wewfb `vg GKRb evRvi Pvwn`v iLv Ab Kiv
Ab KiZ cvie| fvimvg `vg wbaviY wPi
o fvimvg `vg wbaviY weZv Kx cwigvY hvMvb `q
9. hvMvb m~wP Zwi I hvMvb iLv mvnvh AvjvPbv Kiv|
Zv KvwbK m~wP I iLv wP
Ab KiZ cvie| Dcvcb Kiv|
10. evRvi Pvwn`v iLv I evRvi hvMvb Kvbv `ei `yB ev ZZvwaK wbPi m~wP _K wP Ab Ki evRvi
iLv Ab KiZ cvie| weZvi hvMvb mgw^Z Ki fvimvg wbaviY :
11. wP Ab Ki fvimvg `vg evRvi hvMvb iLv Ab Ki `vg evRvi evRvi
wbaviY KiZ cvie| AvjvPbv| (UvKv) Pvwn`v hvMvb
AveMxq (KwR) (KwR)
D`vniYi mvnvh evRvi 10 100 300
12. A_bxwZi aviYvjv wkvjvf fvimvg AvjvPbv| 8 200 200
Ki Zv eve Rxeb cqvM Dy 3 300 100
ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 213
PZz_ Aavq : Drcv`b I msMVb ( 22 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. Drcv`bi aviYv eYbv KiZ Drcv`b I msMVb Kvbv `e Drcv`bi eve NUbv QK c~iY : eve NUbvi AeZviYv
cvie| o Drcv`b I Drcv`K AeZviYv Ki Drcv`b, Drcv`K wcVv Zwii DcKiYi aib
Ki Drcv`b I Drcv`bi
2. Drcv`bi mv_ Drcv`Ki mK DcKiYmg~n
o Drcv`bi Ges Drcv`bi DcKiYi aviYv 1. Zj aviYv c`vb Kiv|
evLv KiZ cvie| DcKiYmg~n Dcvcb I cki Di `vb| 2. wcVv Nii Drcv`bi 4wU DcKiY
3. Drcv`bi DcKiYmg~n eYbv o msMVb I Gi weKvk gvwjK
Ges G`i Zzjbvg~jK
KiZ cvie| 3. PvDji ov
o Mo I cvwK 4. KvwiMi iZ AvjvPbv Kiv|
4. msMVb I Gi weKvk AvjvPbv Drcv`b msMVbi Drcw Ges
KiZ cvie| o gnvmgvb Drcv`b ck wjLb : msMVbi cuvPwU ceYZv
5. Mo I cvwK Drcv`bi ga wewa GKRb mdj msMVKi Drcw I
msMVbi chvqwgK/ceYZv eYbv Kiv|
mK evLv KiZ cvie| o Drcv`b eq weKvk / Km vwW Dcvcb Ges
6. Drcv`b eqi aviYvwU eYbv msMVbi ceYZv mK AvjvPbv weKvk AvjvPbv Kiv Mo I cvwK
o cKvk I AcKvk Drcv`bkxjZv Ges
KiZ cvie| eq Kiv|
gnvmgvb Drcv`b wewa
7. cKvk eq I A-cKvk eq Mo Drcv`b, cvwK Drcv`b Ges jLwP ic `vb Kiv|
wPwZ KiZ cvie| gnvmgvb cvwK Drcv`b wewa wbPi mviwYi AvjvK gnvmgvb
Dcvcb, ckvi| Drcv`b wewai jLwP Ab : D`vniYi mvnvh
f~wg kg I cvwK Drcv`b eq, cKvk I
KvR : (`jxq)
gbvcwkR c` Z_i AvjvK QK c~iY
(ni) g~jab Drcv`b AcKvk eq Ges
8. gnvmgvb Drcv`b wewawU mviwY eq (KzBUvj) ewMZ I mvgvwRK
DcKiY gvU Mo cvwK 1 10 nvRvi 10
I jLwPi mvnvh Dcvcb eenvi Drcv`b Drcv`b Drcv`b 1 20 nvRvi 8
eqi aviYv c`vb Kiv
KiZ cvie| (KzBUvj) (KzBUvj) (KzBUvj) 1 30 nvRvi 6 hZ cvi|
1 GKK 10
2 GKK 18
3 GKK 24

AveMxq GKRb Drcv`bKvixi Kvb GKwU wbPi QK ewYZ eqi aib

9. Drcv`bkxj KgKv Ges D`vM wekl `e Drcv`b eeZ wPwZKiY :
MnY AvMnx ne| DcKiYmg~n Ges Drcv`b eqi Drcv`b eqi eqi aib
LvZ
weeiY Dcvcb I AvjvPbv mjvB gwkb
wbR `vKvb Ni
myB myZv

RvZxq wkvg 2012 214

cg Aavq : evRvi ( 18 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq GKK KvR :
1. evRvii aviYv evLv KiZ cvie evRvi evRvi Ges evRvii weKvk mK evRvi I Gi weKvk wjL| evRvi, evRvii
2. evRvi weKvki aviv eYbv KiZ o evRvi I evRvii AwfZv wewbgq, ckvi Ges ewk Ges evRvii
cvie| weKvk wkv_x`i aviYvi Am~YZv `~i gweKvki aviv eYbv
3. c~Y cwZhvwMZvg~jK evRvii Kiv| Kiv|
ewk evLv KiZ cvie| cwZhvwMZvi wfwZ
4. GKPwUqv Ges GKPwUqvg~jK cwZhvwMZvi wfwZ evRvii aib wbPi QK ewYZ `ei evRvii aib evRvii kwYwefvM
cwZhvwMZvi evRvii ga Zzjbv Ges iZc~Y ewk AvjvPbv Ges wPwZ Kiv : QK c`kb Kiv|
KiZ cvie| o evRvii aib I `ei bvg evRvii aib
ewk ckvi| c~YcwZhvwMZv,
5. AwjMcwj evRvii ^ic eYbv kwYi KvR (`jxqfve) : gvevBj dvb
c~Y Uz_c GKPwUqv AwjMcwj
KiZ cvie| cwZhvwMZvi wfwZ wewfb aibi
cwZhvwMZvg~jK WvK wUKU Ges GKPwUqvg~jK
6. evsjv`k evRvi eevi aib
evRvi evRvii PvU Zwi Ges kwYZ gyiwMi wWg cwZhvwMZvi evRvii
wPwZ KiZ cvie|
GKPwUqv evRvi c`kb I AvjvPbv Kiv| ewk DjL Kiv,
GKPwUqvg~jK cqvRb D`vniY
gbvcwkR cwZhvwMZvi `jxq KvR AskMnY, Abi `Iqv|
wewfb cYi evRvi `vg cwieZbi ee kvbv Ges GK AbK
7. cwZhvwMZvi wfwZ evRvii evRvi evsjv`ki
KviY I Gi cfve wbq `jxq mnhvwMZv Kiv BZvw` gvb`i
aib PvU AsKb Ki `LvZ AwjMcwj evRvi DjLhvM KqKwU
AvjvPbv| AvjvK g~jvqb Kiv|
cvie| o evsjv`ki evRvi cYi evRvii
(cwZhvwMZvi cwZhvwMZvg~jK
wfwZ) cwiwwZ AvjvKcvZ
Kiv|
AveMxq
8. `emvgMxi `vg cwieZbi KviY
I Gi cfve RvbZ Drmvnx ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 215

l Aavq : RvZxq Avq I Gi cwigvc ( 20 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. RvZxq Avqi aviYvmg~n evLv RvZxq Avq I Gi cwigvc RvZxq Avqi aviYvmg~n (GNI, QK c~iY : GDP, GNI, NNP Ges
KiZ cvie| o gvU `kR Drcv`b GDP, NNI), AvjvPbv Kiv|
RvZxq Avqi Dcv`vb
Gmei Dcv`vbmg~n
2. gvU RvZxq Avqi (GNI)mv_ aviYv
(GDP), gvU RvZxq `jxqfve GNI Gi mv_ GDP GNI
AvjvPbv Kiv
gvU `kR Drcv`bi (GDP) Avq (GNI), bxU Drcv`b, Avq I eq
Ges GNI Gi mv_ NNI Gi GDP
cv_K `LvZ cvie| RvZxq Avq (NNI) NNI cwZZ wKfve RvZxq
3. gvU RvZxq Avqi mv_ bxU cv_K wPwZ Ki Dcvcb Kiv
o RvZxq Avq cwigvci Avq cwigvc Kiv nq Zv
RvZxq Drcv`bi Zzjbv KiZ cwZmg~n : Drcv`b, c` Z_ Dcvi wfwZ Drcv`b I
cvie|
RvZxq Avq cwigvci AvjvPbv Kiv
Avq I eq cwZ cwZmg~n Abykxjb eq cwZ GDP wbYq : m~ DjLc~eK gv_vwcQz
4. RvZxq Avq cwigvci cwZmg~n o gv_vwcQz Avq K. P~ov `ei g~j-500 KvwU
o Drcv`b cwZ Avqi aviYv AvjvPbv
evLv KiZ cvie| o GDPi wbaviKmg~n L. gaeZx `ei g~j-400 KvwU
5. GDPi wbaviKmg~nK DcKiY
o Avq cwZ GDP wbaviKmg~n
(DcKiY I chyw) o eq cwZ M. gvU wewbqvMi cwigvY- DcKiY I chyw G `ywU
Ges chyw GB `yB kwYZ web o GDPi wnmve ewnf~Z
KiZ cvie| 100 KvwU fvM wefvRb Ki eYbv
welqvw` N. gvU fvM eq-400 KvwU Kiv
6. GDPi wnmve ewnf~Z welqvw`i o evsjv`ki RvZxq
ZvwjKv cZ KiZ cvie| O. mev LvZi Avq-300-KvwU GDPi wnmveewnf~~Z
Avq cwigvc cwZ P. miKvwi eq-300 KvwU
7. evsjv`ki RvZxq Avq I gv_vwcQz welqvw`i weeiYx
(Drcv`b I eq
Avqi cwigvc cwZ eYbv KiZ GDP wbaviK Ges GDP wnmve mshvRb Kiv|
cwZ)
cvie| ewnf~Z welqvw`i ZvwjKv c`kb, evsjv`ki RvZxq
ckvi Ges AvjvPbv GDP wbaviKmg~nK DcKiY I Avqi Z_-Dcv Ges
chyw GB `yB kwYZ web Ki RvZxq Avq cwigvc
AveMxq
ZvwjKv Zwi| eeZ Drcv`b I eq
8. c cwKv, BUvibU BZvw` Drm evsjv`ki RvZxq Avq Ges
_K RvZxq Avqi wewfb Z_ gv_vwcQz Avq cwigvc cwZ cwZ m^ AvjvKcvZ
ck : Kiv|
Dcv msMn AvMnx ne| Abykxjb
Kvb A_ GKwU `ki gvU
Avq= gvU eq

RvZxq wkvg 2012 216

mg Aavq : A_ I evsK eev ( 20 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. A_i aviYv Ges A_i cKvif` A_ I evsK eev 1wU avZe gy`v, 10 UvKvi bvU QK c~iY : A_ Kx Ges Gi 4wU
eYbv KiZ cvie| o A_ Kx Ges A_i Ges evsKi PK c`kb Ki A_i aib wPwZ Kiv cavb Kvhvewj
2. A_i Kvhvewj evLv KiZ cKvif` (avZe g~`v, bvU ckvi Ges AvjvPbv A_ / gy`v aib AvjvPbv Kiv|
cvie| I evsK wnmve Ges wewnZ GKwU wbw` g~ji KvMwR cvBRe
evwYwRK evsK Ges
2 UvKvi bvU
3. evwYwRK evsK Ges Gi cavb A_) bvUi Kvhvewj `jxqfve 10 UvKvi bvU Gi Kvhvewj
Kvhvewj eYbv KiZ cvie| o A_i Kvhvewj AvjvPbv Kiv|
wPwZ Ki AvjvPbv Kiv|
4. evsK wnmve Lvjv Ges cwiPvjbvi o evwYwRK evsK I evwYwRK
evwYwRK evsK Ges K`xq K`xq evsKi mv_ evwYwRK evsKi wnmve Lvjv
wbqgvewj eYbv KiZ cvie| evsKi Kvhvewj
evsKi cavb Kvhvewji PvU evsKi cv_K wbYq| I cwiPvjbvi
5. K`xq evsK Ges Gi Kvhvewj o evsK wnmve Lvjv I
Dcvcb I AvjvPbv Kiv| wewfb chvqi
evLv KiZ cvie| cwiPvjbvi wbqgvewj Kvhvewj wPwfwK
6. evwYwRK evsKi mv_ K`xq o K`xq evsK I K`xq Dcvcb Kiv|
evsKi Zzjbv KiZ cvie| evsKi Kvhvewj evwYwRK evsK wnmve Lvjv
7. Kwl Dbqb, wkvqb I K`xq evsK Ges
o evsjv`ki evsK eev I cwiPvjbvi eve AwfZv
AvZKgmsvb evsjv`ki Gi Kvhvewj
o wkvqb, Kwl Dbqb Ges wewbgq Ges ckvi|
iZc~Y evsKmg~ni f~wgKv AvjvPbv Kiv|
AvZKgmsvb evsjv`ki
g~jvqb KiZ cvie| evsjv`ki evsK
evsK eevi f~wgKv evsjv`ki evsK eevi gwLK ckvi I Afxv MnY eev PvU Ab Ki
evsjv`k evsK wfwWI wP/Qwe c`kb Kiv|
gbvcwkR c`kb Kiv|
evwYwRK evsKmg~n
8. PvU Ab Ki (wWwRUvj wWfvBm/ evsjv`k evsK,
evsjv`k Kwl evsK
cvvi ccvi) evsjv`ki evwYwRK evsK,
evsjv`k Dbqb evsK evsjv`ki DjLhvM
evsK eev c`kb KiZ cvie| evsjv`ki evsK eevi PvU Zwi evsjv`k Kwl
MvgxY evsK KqKwU evsK Ges Zv`i QK c~iY : evsK, evsjv`k
mgevq evsK Kvhvewj cvvi Dbqb evsK, MvgxY
evsK Kwl wkvbqb Kg
AveMxq
ccvi/gvwwgwWqvi mvnvh Dbqb Kvhvewj msvbg~jK evsK I mgevq
9. `k cPwjZ evswKs mev MnY Kvhvewj (2wU) Kvhvewj
Dcvcb, ckvi I AvjvPbv evKi f~wgKv eve
Dy ne| (2wU)
Kiv| evsjv`k 1. 1. 1. D`vniYmn AvjvPbv
Dbqb Kiv|
evsK 2. 2. 2.
evwYwRK 1. 1. 1.
evsK 2. 2. 2.

RvZxq wkvg 2012 217

Ag Aavq : evsjv`k A_bxwZ ( 18 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. evsjv`k A_bxwZi cavb evsjv`k A_bxwZ evsjv`ki wewfb A_bwZK evsjv`ki A_bxwZi cavb evsjv`ki A_bxwZi
ewkmg~n evLv KiZ o A_bxwZi ewkmg~n KvRKgi cvgvY wP/Qwe ewk wPwZ Kiv| cwiwPwZ, Gi ewk
cvie| o A_bxwZi wewfb LvZ : c`kb Kiv, cqvRbxq Z_ wbPi m~wPi AvjvK cvB (PIE) DjL Kiv|
2. A_bxwZi cavb LvZmg~n (Kwl, Kwl LvZ (msv, Dcv mieivn Ges AvjvPbv wP/AvqZjL Ab : evsjv`ki A_bxwZ
wk I mev) eYbv KiZ cew I iZ) Kiv| LvZmg~n GDP Z Ae`vb cavb wZbwU LvZi
cvie| wk LvZ (msv, GDP Z wewfb LvZi Ae`vb
Kwl 20
cwiPq, cew I iZ
3. `ki A_bxwZZ wewfb (Kwl, wk 30
cew I iZ) c`kb, ckviwfwK mev 50 evLv Kiv, mswk Z_
wk, mev) LvZi Zzjbvg~jK mev LvZ (msv, AvjvPbv| Dcv mshy Kiv|
iZ weklY KiZ cvie| cew I iZ) evsjv`ki A_bxwZZ wZbwU cavb wZbwU LvZi
4. Kwl I wki cviwiK wewfb LvZi AvcwK
o LvZi AvcwZ iZ eYbv Kiv weMZ KqK eQii
wbfikxjZvi mg~n kbv iZ Ae`vb jLwP c`kb
KiZ cvie|
o Kwl I wk LvZi Kwli Dci wki wbfikxjZvi Kiv|
5. A_bxwZi Z_ Dcv evLv Ges
cviwiK wbfikxjZv weMZ wZb eQii GDP Z Kwl I wki
MvwYwZKfve web KiZ mg~n Kx Kx ?
Kwl, wk I mev LvZi cviwiK
cvie|
Ae`vbi iLv/mviwY wbfikxjZvi
c`kb| mg~n Dcvcb
gbvcwkR Kwl I wki cviwiK Kiv|
6. A_bxwZi wewfb LvZi Ae`vb wbfikxjZvi cvgvY wP/Qwe
(BjKUwb wWfvBm/vbxqfve c`kbc~eK ckvi AvjvPbv|
mnRjf DcKiY eenvi Ki)
wP Ab Ki c`kb KiZ
cvie|

AveMxq
7. evsjv`ki A_bxwZi Z_
Dcv RvbZ I eySZ AvMnx
ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 218

beg Aavq : evsjv`ki iZc~Y A_bwZK cm(26 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. A_bwZK cewi mv_ A_bwZK evsjv`ki iZc~Y A_bwZK cew, Dbqbi eve evwoi KvR : RvZxq Drcv`b ewi
Dbqbi mK evLv KiZ A_bwZK cm `v/Z_ Dcv Dcvcb Ges A_bwZK cew Ges nviK A_bwZK
cvie| o A_bwZK cew I AvjvPbv| A_bwZK Dbqbi cviwiK cew Ges Gi
2. DbZ, AbybZ I Dbqbkxj `ki Dbqb KvR (`jxq) : wbfikxjZvi mKi ZvwjKv gvbwZi aviv
ewkjv eYbv KiZ cvie| o DbZ, AbybZ I A_bwZK cewi mv_ A_bwZK Zwi Kiv| wKfve Dbqb mvab
3. evsjv`ki A_bwZK Dbqbi i Dbqbkxj `ki ewk Dbqbi cv_K wbYq Kiv| Ki Zv Dcvcb Kiv|
wPwZ KiZ cvie| o evsjv`ki A_bwZK DbZ, AbybZ I
4. evsjv`ki A_bwZK Dbqbi Dbqbi Aivqmg~n QK c~iY : Dbqbkxj `ki
cwZeKZvmg~ni ZvwjKv cZ o evsjv`k miKvii
1wU DbZ, 1wU AbybZ Ges 1wU DbZ `ki mv_ AbybZ ewk eYbv Kiv|
KiZ cvie| MnxZ Dbqb Kvhg Dbqbkxj `ki A_bxwZ iZc~Y `ki cv_K
5. evsjv`k miKvii MnxZ Dbqb Z_ Dcv wbq mviwY cZKiY, evsjv`ki A_bwZK
o emiKvwi msvi Dbqb DbZ `k AbybZ `k
Dbqbi i I gvv
Kvhgi iZ evLv KiZ cvie| Dcvcb Ges ckvi| 1. 1.
Kvhg Ges cwZeKZvmg~n
6. RvZxq Dbqb emiKvwi msvi Dbqb 2. 2.
o `vwi` (msv I AvjvKcvZ Kiv|
Kvhgi cfve weklY KiZ
cwigvc, MwZ-ceYZv, evsjv`ki weMZ cuvP eQii
cvie| c`wkZ Z_ Dcv wePvi- A_bwZK Dbqb
`vwi` wegvPb) gv_vwcQz Avq, RvZxq Drcv`b Kwl
7. evsjv`k `vwi`i cKwZ, KviY weklY Ki evsjv`ki MnxZ miKvwi I
o eKviZ (msv, MwZ I wki Ae`vb, mq I
Ges cwZKvii Dcvq evLv KiZ A_bxwZi cavb ewk Ges emiKvwi msvi
cKwZ Ges Gi wbimb) wewbqvMi wP ( Bar Diagram)
cvie| i wPwZKiY| iZc~Y Kvhg
o gvbem` (msv, c`kb|
8. evsjv`ki eKviZi cKwZ Ges (AvqmRbg~jK
Gi wbimbi Dcvq weklY KiZ gvbem` Dbqbi Kvhg, ^-Kgmsvb
cvie| cwZ) Kvbv GKwU mgmvK evsjv`ki evwoi KvR g~jvqb Kiv| I z`FY, MYwkv,
9. gvbem`i aviYv eYbv KiZ A_bwZK Dbqbi cavb Aivq ^v I cyw)
cvie ai wbq weZK Abyvb| evsjv`ki `vwi` I
10. RbmsLv wKfve `ki m` evwoi KvR : eKviZ cwiwwZ, MwZ
c`wkZ Dbqb Kvhgi
cwiYZ nZ cvi Zv evLv KiZ weZK AskMnY wKsev DcfvM Ki ceYZv I Gi ckgbi
iZ wjwce Kiv|
cvie| evsjv`ki A_bwZK Dbqbi cavb Dcvq AvjvPbv|
(kwY/evwoi KvR)
gbvcwkR 5wU mgmvi ZvwjKv cZ Kiv| gvbem` Kx ?
11. miKvwi/ emiKvwi msvi Dbqb gvbem` Dbqbi
Kvhgi cfve Abymvb KiZ miKvii MnxZ Dbqb KgKvi cwZ evLv Kiv|
cvie| wfwWI wP/Qwe/mviwY c`kb|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 219
beg Aavq : evsjv`ki iZc~Y A_bwZK cm(26 wcwiqW ) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv

wbR wbR GjvKvq evevqbvaxb AvjvwPZ Kvhg A_bwZK

emiKvwi msvi Kvhg wbq DbqY wKfve f~wgKv ivLQ
AvjvPbv I ckvi| ( kwY/evwoi KvR)
`vwi` cwigvci gwjK Pvwn`v wbR GjvKvi `vwi` RbMvx
cvebv PvU AvKvi c`kb I Ges Zv`i `vwi` wegvPbi
ckvi, `jxqfve evsjv`ki Dcvqmg~n wPwZ Kiv|
`vwi`i cKwZ wPwZ Ki MvgxY eKvi hye I gwnjv`i
kwYZ Dcvcb| gvbem` cwiYZ Kivi
cwKvq cKvwkZ Kvb eKvi cvebv Zwi|
hyeKi cwkY I FY mnvqZv
wbq AvZKgx nIqvi NUbv/
Km vwW kwYZ c`kb Ges
ckviwfwK AvjvPbv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 220

`kg Aavq : evsjv`k miKvii A_eev (18 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. miKvwi A_eevi cwiPq eYbv evsjv`k miKvii GKwU A_ eQii miKvii Avq- QK c~iY : miKvwi A_eev Kx Zv
KiZ cvie| A_eev eqi Z_ Dcv Dcvcb, iZ Abymvi miKvii Avq I DjL Kiv|
2. miKvii Avqi Drmmg~n eYbv o miKvwi A_eev AvjvPbv I ckvi| eqi wZbwU LvZ web Ki miKvii Avq I eqi
KiZ cvie| o miKvii Avqi cavb `LvI cavb Drmmg~n (mvwZK
3. miKvii eqi LvZmg~n eYbv Drmmg~n wgK b^i Avqi Drm eqi LvZ
Z_ Dcvmn) AvjvPbv|
KiZ cvie| o miKvii eqi cavb
1.
2. ewkK cwZ evRU
4. evRUi aviYv evLv KiZ LvZmg~n 3. Ges evRUi cKvif`
cvie| o evRU Ges evRUi `ywU cavbfvM (PjwZ I
5. PjwZ I g~jabx evRUi ga cKvif`: PjwZ I g~jabx evRUi g~jabx Ges mylg I Amg
cv_K wbYq KiZ cvie| PjwZ I g~jabx wkv_x wbR wbR cwievii weMZ cv_KKiY evRU) wefvRb Ki
6. evsjv`k miKvii evRU I mylg I Amg eQii Avq-eqi LvZmg~ni AvjvPbv Kiv|
Gi kwYwefvM eYbv KiZ evRU ZvwjKv cZ Ki Rgv w`e|
cvie| ivxq evRUi aviYv I
o evsjv`k miKvii wkv_x`i ZvwjKv _K Gi iZc~Y kwYwefvM
7. mylg evRUi mv_ Amg evRU: Dkg~jKfve GK ev GKvwaK hgb- Dbqb I A-Dbqb,
evRUi Zzjbv KiZ cvie| A-Dbqb evRU ZvwjKv eQ wbq AvjvPbv I Dbqb evRUi mv_ A-Dbqb mylg I Amg evRU Gi
8. evsjv`k miKvii Dbqb Dbqb evRU
ckvi evRUi mK wbYq AvjvPbv|
evRUi A_vqbi Drmmg~n o evsjv`ki Dbqb
wPwZ KiZ cvie| evsjv`k miKvii mekl RvZxq evsjv`k miKvii
evRU A_vqb
evRU eZvi wfwWI wP/ ccvi Dbqb evRUi e`wkK mvnvh mekl evRU G A_vqb
AveMxq KvwUs, Z_ Dcv c`kb, wbfikxjZv nvmi Dcvqmg~ni wbq AvjvPbv|
9. RvZxq evRUi AvjvPbvq AvjvPbv I ckvi ZvwjKv Zwi|
AskMnY Drmvnx ne| evsjv`k miKvii mekl Dbqb
evRUi A_vqbi Drmg~n Ges
GZ`msv Z_ Dcv Dcvcb|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 221

5. jLK wb`kbv
wkv_x`i Rb welqwU AvKlYxq, Avb``vqK I gvbmZ Kivi j cvVcyK iPbvi jLKi Rb wKQy mvaviY wb`kbvi mycvwik Kiv nj :
1. A_bxwZ welqi cvVeB AekB mnR mij fvlvq wjLZ ne|
2. welqe wkv_xi eqm Ges gvbwmK Aev weePbv Ki Dcvcb KiZ ne|
3. cqvRb wP, MvwYwZK m~, mviwY, QK BZvw` w`q AvKlYxq I mg Ki ZzjZ ne|
4. hZUzKz cqvRb Zvi AwZwi welqe w`q `xNvwqZ Kiv hve bv|
5. welqe I wkLbdji evBi Kvb AvjvPbv Kiv hve bv|
6. DcvwcZ welq RxebNwb nZ ne|
7. me evsjv`ki D`vniY w`Z ne|
8. c_g Aavq A_bxwZi m~Pbv cm jLKK h_ hZevb nZ ne| gb ivLZ ne A_bxwZ welqK cvVcyK GB Aavq _K i| GB Aavqi Rb 22wU wcwiqW eiv _vKe|
jLK mB wPv KiB welqe Dcvcb Kieb|
9. wbfikxj m~/Drm _K nvjbvMv` Z_-Dcv mshvRb Kiv
10. Z_i idvim `Iqvi cPwjZ ixwZ AekB AbymiY KiZ ne|
11. jLK cwZwU cvV iPbvi iZ e wkLbdj wjL i Kieb Ges GKB wkLbdji GKvwaK cvV nZ cvi| Lqvj ivLZ ne cwZwU cvV kl wbw`
wkLbdjwU hb AwRZ nq|
12. cwZwU cvV cvkvcvwk `yUv cvq PjwZ fvlvq evsjv GKvWgxi evbvbixwZ AbymiY Ki iPbv KiZ ne| UKwbKvj k I cwifvlvi BsiwR
eenvi KiZ cvieb| G evsjv eenvi Kij ebxi ga BsiwR eenvi KiZ ne|
13. AbymvbgyjK KvRi KqKwU avc hgb cwiKbv Zwi Kiv, Dcv msMn I msMVb Kiv , djvdj wbaviY Kiv Ges cwZe`b Zwi Kiv BZvw`
AbymiY Ki cvVi Dcvcbv KiZ ne| G wkv_xi eqm I i weePbvq ivLZ ne|
14. cwZ Aavq kl cvV AbykxjbxZ `ZvwfwK ewbevPwb I mRbkxj cki bgybv Af
y KiZ ne|
15. wkvgi wb`kbv Abyhvqx cwZwU cvV 50 wgwbU Dcvcbvi DchvMx Ki `kwU Aavqi KvVvgvZ web KiZ ne|
16. Rvi mgZv AbymiY KiZ ne (bvgKiY, wP, D`vniY eenvii )
17. wkv_xKw`K fvlv eenvi KiZ ne|
18. eBqi cv msLv (AvbygvwbK 10% Kg-ewk) beg I `kg kwYi Rb 200 cv
19. cvywjwc : K. dU mvBR 14 nZ ne| L. jvBb m 1.5 nZ ne| M. cvywjwci mvBR 1/8 wWwm (20-30)/(22-32) ne| N. KUU Gwiqv
(8.55.75)/(9.56.25) nZ ne|
20. Dci ewYZ mvaviY wb`kbvi cvkvcvwk wkvg gvwU Ask ewYZ jLK wb`kbv AbymiY KiZ ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 222
 wkvg
z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ
l-Ag kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 223

1. f~wgKv
evsjv`k GKwU efvlv I e mswZi `k| G`ki cavb RbMvx evOvwj QvovI cvq 25 j z` bMvx ev RvwZmvi gvbyl emevm Ki| Kgekx wkwU wfb fvlv eenviKvix 45wU ev
ZviI ewk z` bMvx iqQ| G`i iqQ ewPgq HwZn I mswZ| G`ki eni RbMvxi Zzjbvq wewfb w`K _K wcwQq _vKjI fvlv I mvswZK ewP Giv Abb I mg|
evsjv`ki z` bMvxi ga muvIZvj, IuivI, gvnvwj, gvnvZv, cvnvb cfwZ Die; PvKgv, gvigv, wcyiv, eg, PvK, Lywg cfwZ cveZ PMvg; Mviv, nvRs, KvP cfwZ gqgbwmsn Ges
Lvwm, gwbcyix, cv cfwZ wmjU Aj evm Ki| bZvwK fve G`i KD gvjxq, KD `vweo Avevi KD AwK eskvZ
~ | G`i ga KD KD cveZ Aj Ges Abiv mgZj
evm Ki|

evsjv`ki ewPgq Gme z` bMvxi `bw`b Rxeb-hvv, Avw_K Aev, Lv`vfvm, cvkvK-cwiQ`, mvgvwRK I mvswZK Drme, fvwlK-ewP, ag I jvKwekvm cfwZ welq
mvaviYi aviYv I cviwiK Rvbvkvbvi cwiwa chv bq| Gme z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZi jvjb, cwiPhv Ges weKwkZ Kivi g~j `vwqZ ivi| GKB m evOvwj I z` bMvxi ga
cviwiK mxwZ I mnv` Mo Zvjvi `vwqZ mKji|

evsjv`ki fvlv I mswZi h ewP Ges HK iqQ Zvi gjeb NUvZ nj G`ki wewfb bMvxi fvlv I mswZ welq cviwiK aviYv _vKv cqvRb| Avi G cqvRb I iZK
mvgb iLB G welq cvV Ges wkLb Riwi| ZvB G`ki z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ welq aviYv jvfi RbB g~jZ RvZxq wkvbxwZZ (2010) Gwelq iZ `qv nqQ| Gme
welqi cwZ j iLB z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ welq wkvg cYqbi cqvm bqv nqQ|

cZvkv Kiv hvq, G welq wkv MnYi gvag wkv_xiv G`ki z` bMvxi fvlv I mvswZK ewPi cwZ mse`bkxj ne Ges `ki mKj RvwZmvi cwZ BwZevPK gbvfvemb
nq Mo DVe|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 224

 2. Dk :
1. wkv_x`i evsjv`ki z` bMvx mK cwiwPZ nIqv Ges Zv`i BwZnvm I HwZni cwZ BwZevPK gbvfve cvlY Kiv|
2. z` bMvxi ^Z mvswZK ewk mK aviYv jvf Kiv Ges Gi jvjb I DrKl mvab Dy nIqv|
3. z` bMvxi ewPc~Y Rxebaviv mK vb ARb Kiv|
4. ^vwaKvi Av`vjb I gnvb gywhyi gvag ^vaxbZv ARb z` bMvxi AvZZvM, Av`vjb I msMvgi BwZnvm mK vb ARb mP nIqv|
5. y` bMvxi fvlv, mvwnZ I eYgvjvi mv_ cwiwPZ nIqv Ges Gmei cwZ `wfwi Dbqb|
6. RxeewP iv, cwiek msiY I Dbqb z` bMvxi f~wgKv Ges Gi iZ Dcjw KiZ cviv|
7. z` bMvxi Rxebgvb Dbqbi mgmv Ges Zv _K DiY MnxZ Kvhg g~jvqb mg_ nIqv|
8. evsjv`ki mswZi g~javivi mv_ z` bMvxi mswZi hvMm~ eySZ cviv Ges ewPi ga HK MVb mP nIqv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 225

3.cvwK wkLbdj

cZvkv Kiv hvq h l - Ag kwY kl wkv_xiv-

1. evsjv`ki mswZi aviYv, y` bMvxi fvlv, mvwnZ I mvswZK ewP eYbv KiZ Ges mgvRRxeb Gi cfve weklY KiZ cvie;
2. evsjv`ki y` bMvxi bvg, kvixwiK MVb I emevmi vbmg~ni weeiY w`Z Ges evsjv`wk bvMwiK wnme mKjK mgvb ghv`v w`Z Dy ne;
3. z` bMvxi cwievi I mgvRRxeb, A_bwZK KvhKjvc, wekvm I g~jeva, cZ- HwZn, AvPvi Abyvb, Gmei cwieZbi aviv eYbv KiZ cvie Ges Gme ewP Abyaveb Ki
ciii cwZ AvPiY mse`bkxj ne;
4. z` bMvxi jvKRvb I Drme, msMxZ, Ljvayjv I Kviwki ^Kxq ewk wPwZ Kiv Ges webv`b I RxebvPvi Gmei cfve g~jvqb mg ne;
5. ^vaxbZv I A_bwZK gyw ARb z` bMvxi msMvgx Rxeb, AvZZvM, RvZxqfve LZve ARbi NUbvewj eYbv KiZ cvie;
6. z` bMvxi c_vMZ kvmb eevi ^ic D`NvUb Ki Zv`i Rxeb avivq Gi cfve weklY KiZ cvie;
7. RxeewP iv I cwiek msiY z` bMvxi Ae`vb g~jvqb KiZ cvie Ges G wbRiv Ae`vb ivLZ AvMnx ne;
8. z` bMvxi Dbqb Ges bvixi Aevb welq aviYv eYbv KiZ cvie;
9. z` bMvxi mgmv wPwZKiY, KviY wbYq Ges Gme mgmv _K DviYi Dcvq Abymvb KiZ cvie;
10. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi mgmv mgvavbK MnxZ miKvwi I emiKvwi Kvhgi djvdj wbYq KiZ cvie;
11. RvwZmv I m`vq wbwekl mvswZK ^vZ I HwZn msiY BwZevPK gbvfve cvlY Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 226

4.cvwK wkLbdji kwYwfwK wkLbdj wefvRb
6 kwYi wkLbdj 7g kwYi wkLbdj 8g kwYi wkLbdj cvwK wkLbdj
Learning outcomes Learning outcomes Learning outcomes (Terminal outcomes)
eywexq eywexq eywexq 1. evsjv`ki mswZi
1. mswZi aviYvwU eYbv KiZ cvie| 1. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi fvlvmg~n 1. cavb PviwU fvlv cwievifz z` bMvxi aviYv, y` bMvxi
2. evsjv`k RvZxq mswZi ewk wPwZ DjL KiZ cvie| fvwlK ewk eYbv KiZ cvie| fvlv, mvwnZ I
KiZ cvie| 2. z` bMvxi mvwnZKg I mswZi ic 2. wewfb z` bMvxi fvwlK ewki ewP mvswZK ewP eYbv
3. evsjv`ki mswZi Dcv`vb evLv eYbv KiZ cvie| evLv KiZ cvie| KiZ Ges mgvR
KiZ cvie| 3. z` bMvxi Qov I icK_vi ^Zic 3. z` bMvxi mvswZ cwieZbi wewfb w`K Rxeb Gi cfve
4. evsjv`ki gvbwP z` bMvxi wPwZ KiZ cvie| evLv KiZ cvie| weklY KiZ cvie|
fMvwjK Aevb wPwZ Ki RbwgwZK 4. z` bMvxi cvkvK cwiQ` I
wefvRb I mvswZK ic eYbv KiZ Lv`fvmi weeiY w`Z cvie Ges 2. RvwZmv I m`vq
cvie bMvxf` cvkvK I Lv`i ZvwjKv wbwekl mvswZK
5. wefvMwfwK evsjv`ki z` bMvxi cZ KiZ cvie| ^vZ I HwZn
ZvwjKv cZ KiZ cvie| msiY BwZevPK
6. z` bMvxi fvlvi aviYv I Drm eYbv gbvfve cvlY Kie|
KiZ cvie|
7. evsjv`ki cwicwZ z` bMvxi
fvlv I fvlv cwievii bvg DjL KiZ
cvie|
8. AvGwkqvwUK, wZewZ ewg, B`v-Avh
Ges `vweo fvlv I fvlv cwievii aviYv
eYbv KiZ cvie| AveMxq
AveMxq AveMxq 4. evOvwj I z` bMvxi mswZi ewP LuyR
9. z` bMvxi fvlv, mvwnZ I eYgvjvi 5. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi fvlvmg~n Ges cZ AvMnx ne|
mv_ cwiwPZ nevi cwZ AvMn cKvk Zv`i ewPc~Y mswZi w`Kmg~n 5. evOvwj I z` bMvxi mvswZK ^vZ I
Kie RvbZ AvMnx ne| ewPi ga HK cwZvq Dy ne|
6. z` bMvxi mvwnZKg I msMxZi
bv`wbK w`K DcfvM KiZ Dy ne|
gbvckxR
10. evsjv`ki gvbwP Ab Ki z`
bMvxi Aevb wPwZ KiZ cvie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 227
 eywexq eywexq 3. evsjv`ki y`
1. AjwfwK z` bMvxi emwZ vcb, 1. biMvxi aviYv I Drm eYbv KiZ bMvxi bvg, kvixwiK
RbmsLvi webvm Ges mfZvi BwZnvm cvie| MVb I emevmi
eYbv KiZ cvie| 2. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi kvixwiK ^vZ, vbmg~ni weeiY
ewP I bZvwK aviYvwU evLv KiZ w`Z Ges evsjv`wk
cvie| bvMwiK wnme
AveMxq 3. kZKvq, gvjxq, KvKvq Ges mKjK mgvb ghv`v
2. bvMwiK AwaKvii cwZ mvb c`kb Ajxq RbMvxi kvixwiK ^vZ I w`Z Dy ne|
Dy ne| ewP eYbv KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
evsjv`ki z` bMvxi cwiPq RvbZ AvMn
cKvk Kie Ges mKj bvMwiKi AwaKvi
cwZ mvb c`kb Dy ne|
eywexq eywexq eywexq 4. z` bMvxi cwievi
1. z` bMvxi mvgvwRK Rxeb eYbv KiZ 1. z` bMvxi mgvR cPwjZ Av`k (Norms) 1. evsjv`ki mgZj I cvnvwo z` bMvxi I mgvRRxeb,
cvie| eYbv KiZ cvie| mvgvwRK cwieZbi aib Ges Gi cfve A_bwZK KvhKjvc,
2. Mv ev eski aviYv eYbv KiZ cvie| 2. g~jevai aviYv evLv KiZ cvie| weklY KiZ cvie| wekvm I g~jeva,
3. Mv ev eski ZvwjKv cZ KiZ cvie| cZ-HwZn AvPvi
4. gvZm~xq I wcZm~xq eskavivi aviYv evLv 3. z` bMvx mgvR cPwjZ g~jeva wPwZ 2. z` bMvxi RxweKv I Abvb A_bwZK
KiZ cvie| KgKv cwieZbi aviv g~jvqb KiZ Abyvb, Gmei
KiZ cvie I Dfq eskavivi ga cv_K
wbYq KiZ cvie| 4. z` bMvx mgvR cPwjZ wekvm, agxq cvie| cwieZbi aviv eYbv
5. weevni aviYv Ges cKvif` eYbv KiZ AvPvi I c_vmg~n eYbv KiZ cvie| 3. z` bMvxi c_vMZ kvmb eevq h cwieZb KiZ cvie Ges
cvie| 5. mgvR cPwjZ wewa wblai ZvwjKv cZ m~wPZ nqQ Zv evLv KiZ cvie| Gme ewP Abyaveb
6. cwievii aviYv, cKvif` Ges Kvhvewj KiZ cvie| 4. z` bMvxi agxq cwieZb eYbv KiZ Ki Zv`i cwZ
eYbv KiZ cvie| 6. mecvYev`i aviYv eYbv KiZ cvie cvie| AvPiY mse`bkxj
7. mgvR Rxeb cwievii iZ g~jvqb KiZ 7. Mvxi Rbinm mwKZ aviYv evLv 5. evsjv`ki wewfb Aj emevmiZ z` ne|
cvie| KiZ cvie| bMvxi Mnvwj KvRKgi weeiY w`Z cvie
8. z` bMvxi cvkvK cwiQ`i ^vZ eYbv
6. mgZji z` bMvxi nvj-KwlKvR, cvnvwo
KiZ cvie Ges z` bMvxi Lv`vfvm
bMvxi RygPvl I cvbPvli ^vZ ewk
evLv KiZ cvie|
wbicY KiZ cvie
9. z` bMvxi vwZmK Ges Gi cKvif`
7. mgZj I cvnvwo z` bMvxi f~wg eenvi I
eYbv KiZ cvie
eevcbvi aib evLv KiZ cvie|
10. wewfb z` bMvxi DvwiavKvii wbqg eYbv
KiZ cvie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 228
11. AjwfwK z` bMvxi cZ vcbvmg~ni
cwiPq eYbv KiZ cvie
12. z` bMvxi cvZwnK Rxeb eeZ
ZRlc Ges Ajvivw`i weeiY w`Z cvie
Ges Gmei ewPc~Y w`K mbv KiZ AveMxq
cvie| 8. z` bMvxi mgvR cPwjZ c_v, agxq
13. z` bMvxi agxq Dcvmbvjqi vcZ wekvm Ges wblavv cvjbi cwZ kvkxj
Kkj eYbv KiZ cvie| ne

AveMxq
14. evsjv`ki z` b-Mvxi mgvR Rxeb gbvcwkR
mK RvbZ AvMn cKvk Kie| 8. z` bMvxi A_bwZK Kvhvewji ZvwjKv
cZ Ges A_bwZK Rxeb avivi Qwe GuK
gbvcwkR c`kb KiZ cvie|
15. cZ vcbvmg~n cwigY Drmvnx ne
16. evsjv`ki gvbwP Ab Ki ZvZ z`
bMvxi cZvcbvi Aevb wPwZ KiZ
cvie

RvZxq wkvg 2012 229

eywexq eywexq eywexq 5. z` bMvxi
1. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi ewPgq 1. z` bMvxi jvKKvwnwb, Qov, icK_v 1. fvlv I mswZi weKvk wewfb MYgvagi jvKRvb I
Drme cvjbi ixwZ-cwZ eYbv KiZ Ges msMxZi weeiY w`Z cvie| f~wgKv wPwZ KiZ cvie| Drme, msMxZ,
cvie| 2. wewfb bMvxi wbR^ ev`hi ZvwjKv 2. RvZxq w`em D`hvcb evOvwj I z` bMvxi Ljvayjv I
2. PvKgv, wcyiv, muvIZvj, IuivI, Mviv cZ KiZ cvie| AskMnY Ges Zv`i h_ mvswZK KgKvi Kviwki ^Kxq
Ges gwYcywi bMvxi Drme cvjbi 3. z` bMvxi cev`-cePb ZvwjKv cZ g~jvqb KiZ cvie| ewk wPwZ Kiv
wewfb w`K eYbv KiZ cvie| KiZ cvie| 3. evOvwj I z` bMvxi mswZi ga HKi Ges webv`b I
3. evsjv`ki cvnvo I mgZji z` 4. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi jvKRvb gjeb vcbi Dcvq wPwZ KiZ cvie| RxebvPvi Gmei
bMvxi Drme cvjbi ^vZ wPwZ KiZ cqvMi mg~n wPwZ KiZ cfve g~jvqb
cvie| cvie| mg ne|
4. Drme cvjbi mvgvwRK iZ g~jvqb KiZ 5. mgvR Rxeb z` bMvxi jvKRvbi
cvie| cfve g~jvqb KiZ cvie|
6. wPwKrmv z` bMvxi jvKRvb
AveMxq eenvii iZ evLv KiZ cvie|
5. z` bMvxi Drme I ewPi cwZ
BwZevPK `wfw cvlY Kie| AveMxq
6. evsjv`ki z` b-Mvxi Drme Abyvb 7. z` bMvxi mvswZK KgKv Ges
I Gi cwieZb welq RvbZ AvMn jvKR vbi cwZ BwZevPK gbvfve
cKvk Kie| cvlY Kie|
gbvcwkR
7. AjwfwK evsjv`ki z` bMvxi
Drmei GKwU QK cZ KiZ cvie gbvcwkR
8. wbRi GjvKvi z` bMvxi Abymvb 8. z` bMvxi wekl Ljvayjvi
Ki Zv`i iZc~Y Drme mK mivgvw`i ZvwjKv Zwi Ges Qwe
cwZe`b iPbv KiZ cvie| AuvKZ cvie|
eywexq 6. ^vaxbZv I
1. wewUk weivax Av`vjb z` bMvxi A_bwZK gyw
AskMnYi BwZnvm evLv KiZ cvie| ARb z` bMvxi
2. Dcwbek weivax Av`vjbi Ask wnme msMvgx Rxeb,
mvIZvj we`vn, UsK I nvRs we`vn Ges AvZZvM,
ZfvMv Av`vjbi weeiY w`Z cvie| RvZxqfve LZve
3. gywhy z` bMvxi mwq AskMnY Ges ARbi NUbvewj
Zv`i Ae`vb g~jvqb KiZ cvie| eYbv KiZ
cvie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 230
 AveMxq
4. gywhyi wewfb NUbvewj RvbZ AvMnx ne
Ges G hy wewfb RvwZmvi jvKRbi
Ae`vb KZZvi wP iY Kie|
gbvcwkR
5. gywhy exiZc`kbKvix I LZvecv z`
bMvxi eweMi ZvwjKv cyZ KiZ
cvie|
eywexq 7. z` bMvxi
1. wewfb Aji z` bMvxi c_vMZ kvmb c_vMZ kvmb
cwZ DjL KiZ cvie| eevi ^ic
2. c_vMZ AvBbmg~n eYbv KiZ cvie| D`NvUb Ki
3. mvgvwRK wePviKvhi aib I cwZ evLv Zv`i Rxeb avivq
KiZ cvie| Gi cfve weklY
4. z` bMvxi Rxebavivq c_vMZ kvmbi KiZ cvie|
cfve weklY KiZ cvie|
eywexq 8. RxeewP iv I
1. RxeewPi aviYv evLv KiZ cwiek msiY
cvie| z` bMvxi
2. RxeewP iv Ges cwiek msiYi Ae`vb g~jvqb
iZ eYbv KiZ cvie| KiZ cvie Ges
3. RxeewP iv I cwiek msiY z` G wbRiv
bMvxi f~wgKv wPwZ KiZ cvie| Ae`vb ivLZ
AveMxq AvMnx ne|
4. RxeewP iv I cwiek msiYi
wewfb mvgvwRK I ivxq KgKv
AskMnY AvMn cKvk Kie|
eywexq 9. z` bMvxi Dbqb
1. Dbqbi aviYv eYbv KiZ cvie| Ges bvixi gZvqb
2. bvixi gZvqb MnxZ Kvhvewji eYbv KiZ cvie| welq aviYv eYbv
KiZ cvie|
gbvcwkR eywexq 10. z` bMvxi mgmv
1. vbxqfve RxeewP iv I cwiek msiYi 1. y` bMvxi f~wg _K wewQb nIqvi KviY eYbv wPwZKiY, KviY
Dcvq Abymvb Ges cwZe`b Zwi KiZ KiZ cvie| wbYq Ges Gme

RvZxq wkvg 2012 231

 cvie| 2. y` bMvxi mgvR wbiiZvi cavb cavb KviY mgmv _K
evLv KiZ cvie| DviYi Dcvq
3. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi `vwi`i gvv I KviY Abymvb KiZ
mbv KiZ cvie| cvie|
4. z` bMvxi eKviZi aib DjL KiZ cvie|
5. cvnvwo Aj eb DRvoi NUbv cZ
Ki/AewnZ nq Rjevqy cwieZbi Ici Gi
cfve weklY KiZ cvie|
6. y` bMvxi mvswZK wecbZvi ^ic I KviY
eYbv KiZ cvie|
eywexq 11. evsjv`ki z`
1. y` bMvxi mswZi ^vZ ivq wewfb msvi bMvxi mgmv
Kvhg eYbv KiZ cvie| mgvavbK MnxZ
2. wkv I mviZvi nvi ewZ wewfb msvi miKvwi I emiKvwi
Kvhvewj eYbv KiZ cvie| Kvhgi djvdj
3. ^vmev Ges cvwb mieivn Kvhvewj eev eYbv wbYq KiZ cvie|
KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
4. z` bMvxi Dbqb MnxZ Kvhg mK RvbZ
I AvjvPbv KiZ DrmvwnZ ne|
gbvcwkR
5. miKvii wekl Kvb Dbqb Kvhgi cfve
Abymvb KiZ cvie|
AveMxq AveMxq AveMxq 12. RvwZmv I m`vq
1. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi fvlv I mvwnZ 1. z` bMvxi mswZi cwZ BwZevPK `wfw 1. evOvwj I z` bMvxi mswZi ^vZ I ewPi wbwekl mvswZK
mswZi cwiPq RvbZ AvMn cKvk Kie c`kb Dy ne| ga HK cwZvq Dy ne| ^vZ I HwZn
Ges G`i fvwlK AwaKvii cwZ BwZevPK 2. z` bMvxi mvwnZKg I msMxZi bv`wbK msiY BwZevPK
`wfw c`kb Dy ne| w`K DcfvM KiZ Drmvnx ne| gbvfve cvlY
Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 232

 6. wkvg QK
l kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 233

c_g Aavq : evsjv`ki mvswZK cwiwPwZ (10 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
eywexq
1. mswZi aviYvwU eYbv KiZ evsjv`ki mvswZK wkK we`vjq Ges mgvR Kx Kx mvswZK KgKv msNwUZ nQ wkv_x`i eei mwVKZv
cvie| cwiwPwZ Zv wkv_x`i KvQ RvbZ PvBeb| wkv_x`i Dii Am~YZv g~jvqb Kiv|
2. evsjv`ki mswZi ewk wPwZ wPwZ Ki wkK eve D`vniY w`q mswZi cyYv aviYv
KiZ cvie|
o msw Zi aviYv
AvjvPbv Kieb| cZKZ ZvwjKvi mwVKZv
3. evsjv`ki mswZi Dcv`vb evLv o msw Zi Dcv`vb g~jvqb Kiv|
KiZ cvie| o msw Zi ewk wkK mswZi eMZ I AeMZ Dcv`vb mK AvjvPbv wbw` cwigvcK/wbYvqKi
4. evsjv`ki gvbwP z` bMvxi o evsjv`ki mvswZK Kieb| wkv_xiv GKK/`jxqfve mswZi eMZ I AeMZ AvjvK `jMZfve mvw`Z
fMvwjK Aevb I RbwgwZK gvbwP Dcv`vbi ZvwjKv Zwi Ki kwYZ Dcvcb Kieb| KvR g~jvqb Kiv|
wefvRb wbYq Ki `LvZ cvie| (RbwgwZK, fvwlK,
5. evsjv`ki gvbwP wPwZ z` wkK evsjv`ki mswZK MvgxY I ki, mgZj I cvnvwo ck Kivi h_v_Zv g~jvqb
bMvxMZ Ges Kiv|
bMvxi mvswZK ic eYbv KiZ AvwK wefvRb Ki ^ ^ ewkmn Dcvcb I AvjvPbv Kieb|
cvie| fMvwjK ewk) wkv_xiv evsjv`ki mswZi ic/ewk `jxqfve wPwZ Kie| kwYZ `jxq KvR
wkK evsjv`ki gvbwP RbwgwZK/bMvxMZ, fvwlK Ges wkv_x`i AskMnY,
AveMxq fMvwjK ewki wPic dzwUq Zzj Zv c`kb Kieb| cviwiK mnhvwMZv,
6. mswZ Ges Gi Dcv`vb I ewk wkv_xiv ck Ki Zv`i aviYv mymsnZ Kie|
HKgZ DcwbZ nIqv
wbq GK Abi mv_ AvjvPbv
KiZ Dy ne| BZvw` Yvewj g~jvqb Kiv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 234

wZxq Aavq : evsjv`ki z` bMvx cwiwPwZ (10 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
eywexq
1. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi aviYv evsjv`ki z` bMvx wkK evsjv`k emevmKvix bMvxi msLvZvwK wP c`kb Ki AvjvPbvq AskMnY Ges
eYbv KiZ cvie| cwiwPwZ z` bMvxi aviYvwU AvjvPbv Kieb| wkv_xiv RbmsLvi
2. wefvMwfwK evsjv`ki z` wfwZ bMvxi bvgi ZvwjKv Zwi Kie Ges z` bMvxi cwiPq kwYZ wbR^ gZvgZ `vbi
bMvxi ZvwjKv cZ KiZ o z` bMvxi aviYv cve| `Zv g~jvqb Kiv|
cvie| o z` bMvxi Aevb
(wefvM wfwK) wkK evsjv`ki gvbwP c`kb Ges mvZwU wefvM emevmiZ z` ZvwjKv Zwii h_v_Zv
gbvcwkR XvKv wefvM bMvxi Aevb wPwZ Ki Zv AvjvPbv Kieb| wkv_xiv g~jvqb Kiv|
3. evsjv`ki gvbwP Ab Ki z` PUMvg wefvM wefvMwfwK z` bMvxi ZvwjKv cYqb Kie (GKK ev
bMvxi Aevb wPwZ KiZ `jMZfve) evwoi KvR g~jvqb Kiv
wmjU wefvM
cvie|
ivRkvnx wefvM c`wkZ PvU, Mvd, mviwY
iscyi wefvM coZ I eySZ cvivi `Zv
Lyjbv wefvM
g~jvqb Kiv, eve Kvb
ewikvj wefvM
NUbv, wP, `k BZvw` `L
Zv _K wkv MnYi `Zv
g~jvqb Kiv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 235

ZZxq Aavq : z` bMvxi fvlvcwiPq (08 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. cavb cavb bMvxi fvlvi aviYv
I Drm eYbv KiZ cvie|
2. evsjv`ki cwZ z` bMvxi
fvlv cwievii bvg DjL KiZ
cvie|
3. AvGwkqvwUK, wZewZ ewg,
B`v-Avh Ges `vweo fvlv
cwievii Af y z` bMvx
wPwZ KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
4. z` bMvxi fvlv cwievii mv_
cwiwPZ nZ AvMn cKvk Kie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
z` bMvxi fvlvcwiPq wkK evsjv`ki bMvxi fvlvi bvg Ges cavb 4wU fvlv cwievi AvjvPbvq AskMnY Ges
o fvlvi aviYv I Drm PvU G c`kb Ki Zv wbq AvjvPbv Kieb| wkv_xiv wkKi kwYZ wbR^ gZvgZ
c`wkZ PvU 4wU fvlv cwievi Ges Hmg cwievii Af y `vbi `Zv g~jvqb
o z` bMvxi fvlv-cwievi evsjv`ki z` bMvxi mK ck Ki Zv`i aviYv mymsnZ Kiv|
Av- Kie| wkv_xiv `jxqfve DrmwfwK evsjv`ki z` bMvxi KzBR aibi ck, eve
GwkqvwUK(Austro- fvlv cwievi 4wU cavb fvM web Ki `Lve| AwfZv e Kiv
Asiatic) BZvw`i gvag g~jvqb
`vweoxq (Dravidian) Kiv|
evwoi KvR g~jvqb Kiv
wZewZ-ewg (Tibeto-
Burmese) ZvwjKv Zwii h_v_Zv
B`v-Avhxq (Indo- g~jvqb Kiv|
c`wkZ PvU, Mvd, mviwY
Aryan)
coZ I eySZ cvivi
`Zv g~jvqb Kiv,
eve Kvb NUbv, wP,
`k BZvw` `L Zv
_K wkv MnYi `Zv
g~jvqb Kiv|
kwYi KvRi Ask
wnme GKK/`jMZ
KvR g~jvqb Kiv|
236
PZz_ Aavq : z` bMvxi cZ HwZn (08 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. AjwfwK z` bMvxi cZ
vcbvmg~ni cwiPq eYbv KiZ
cvie|
2. z` bMvxi cvZwnK Rxeb
eeZ ZRmc Ges Ajvivw`i
weeiY w`Z cvie Ges Gmei
ewPc~Y w`K mbv KiZ cvie|
3. z` bMvxi agxq Dcvmbvjqi
vcZ Kkj cwiwPwZ eYbv KiZ
cvie|
gbvcwkR
4. evsjv`ki gvbwP Ab Ki ZvZ
z` bMvxi cZvcbvi Aevb
wPwZ KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
5. y` bMvxi cZ vcbvmg~ni
cwiwPwZ Ges Aevb RvbZ AvMnx
ne|
6. cZ vcbvmg~n cwigY Drmvnx
ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
z` bMvxi cZ HwZn wewfb Aj emevmKvix z` bMvxi Kx aibi cZm` I AvjvPbvq AskMnYi
o z` bMvxi emevmi HwZn iqQ Zv wkK wkv_x`i wbKU Qwei gvag Dcvcb AvMn Ges ee `vbi
BwZnvm Kieb| `Zv g~jvqb Kiv|
wkv_xiv cviwiK AvjvPbvi gvag cZm` I HwZn KzBR aibi cki
o wewfb Aji cZ mK aviYv ARb Kie| gvag g~jvqb Kiv|
vcbvmg~n z` bMvxi c~e c~il Kx aibi hcvwZ eenvi KiZ Ges c`wkZ gWj `L ck
o hcvwZ I eenvh mivg mjvi Kx KvR eeZ nZv, Zv`i ZRlcjv Kx aibi Kivi gvag g~jvqb
o ZRlc I Ajvi wQj Gi Dci wkK wkv_x`i AskMnYg~jK AvjvPbv Kieb| Kiv|
o agxq Dcvmbvjq wkK kwYZ wkv_x`iK wKQz Ajvi Gi gWj `wLq ck
kwYi KvR AvMnx nIqv
Ki RvbZ PvBeb Gjv Kx Ges Kviv Gjv eenvi Ki|
Ges AvjvPbvq AskMnY
wkv_xiv cki Di `e Ges Zv`i AwfZvi K_v eje|
g~jvqb Kiv|
wewfb z` bMvxi AjsKvii eenvi cYvwj eYbv Ki kwYZ
GKwU KZ~nj DxcK cwiek Zwi Kieb| ck Kivi h_v_Zv
wkK kwYZ wewfb agxq Dcvmbvjqi Dci GKwU mvaviY g~jvqb Kiv|
AvjvPbv Ki wkv_x`i KvQ ck Ki Rb wbeb Zviv z` ckvii gvag
bMvxi Kvbv Dcmbvjqi K_v Rvb wK? wkK G welq g~jvqb Kiv|
wkv_x`i aviYv Ki w`eb|
237
cg Aavq : z` bMvxi mgvRRxeb (14 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. z` bMvxi mgvRRxeb eYbv
KiZ cvie|
2. Mv ev eski aviYv eYbv KiZ
cvie|
3. Mv ev eski ZvwjKv cZ KiZ
cvie|
4. gvZm~xq I wcZm~xq eskavivi
aviYv evLv KiZ cvie I Dfq
eskavivi ga cv_K wbYq KiZ
cvie|
5. weevni aviYv Ges cKvif` eYbv
KiZ cvie|
6. cwievii aviYv, cKvif` Ges
Kvhvewj eYbv KiZ cvie|
7. mgvR Rxeb cwievii iZ
g~jvqb KiZ cvie|
8. z` bMvxi vwZmK Ges Gi
cKvif` eYbv KiZ cvie|
9. wewfb z` bMvxi DvwiavKvii
aib wPwZ KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
10. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi mgvR
Rxeb mK RvbZ AvMn cKvk
Kie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
z` bMvxi mgvRRxeb evsjv`ki mgZj I cvnvwo Aj emevmiZ KqKwU z` AvjvPbvq AskMnY Ges
bMvxi Rxebhvcb cwZ, AvPvi-AvPiY, ixwZ-bxwZ, cviwiK
o mgvR cwiwPwZ kwYZ wbR^ gZvgZ
wbfikxjZv, agxq wekvm, A_bwZK Kg BZvw`i wP Dcvcb I
o Mv I esk cwiwPwZ AvjvPbv Kieb|
`vbi `Zv g~jvqb
o eskaviv wkv_xiv wbR`i Rxebavivi mv_ Aci bMvxi ^vZ
Kiv|
o DivwaKvi GKK/`jxqfve wPwZ Kie, cvivwiK mnhvwMZv I HKi
o weevn I cwievi MVb eb Dy ne| KzBR aibi ck, eve
o vwZ mK wkK Mv I esk cwiPqi aviYv AvjvPbv Kieb| wkv_xiv
AvjvPbvq AskMnY Ki wbR`i AwfZvi weeiY w`e| AwfZv e Kiv
wkK gvZm~xq I wcZm~xq eskavivi wfwZ z` bMvxi BZvw`i gvag g~jvqb
kwYwefvRbi PvU cZ Ki Zv Dcvcb Kie| wkv_xiv gvZ I
wcZm~xq z` bMvxi ZvwjKv GKKfve/`jxqfve cZ Kie| Kiv|
wkK gvZm~xq eskavivi z` bMvxi mgvR, weevn cwZ,
evwoi KvR g~jvqb Kiv
cwievi MVbi ic Ges Kvhvewj mswfve (cvVeB Ges mnvqK
Mvewji AvjvK) Dcvcb Kieb| wkv_xiv Dcvcbvi wewfb ZvwjKv Zwii h_v_Zv
w`Ki cwZ Zv`i KZznj cKvk Ges Zv wbeviY ck Kie|
g~jvqb Kiv
mgvR Rxeb cwievii f~wgKv wjwce Kie (evwoi KvR)|
wkK vwZmK Ges Gi cKvif` AvjvPbv Kie| wkv_xiv c`wkZ PvU, Mvd, mviwY
AvjvPbv be, cqvRb wbR`i AwfZvi K_v eje, ck Ki coZ I eySZ cvivi
Di Rb wbe| `Zv g~jvqb Kiv,
cavb cavb z` bMvxi KvbwUi wKic DivwaKvii weavb eve Kvb NUbv, wP,
chvR Zv wbq AvjvPbv Kieb| wkv_xiv AvjvPbvq Ask `k BZvw` `L Zv
wbe| _K wkv MnYi `Zv
g~jvqb Kiv|
238
l Aavq : z` bMvxi Drme
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi Drme cvjbi
aviYv eYbv KiZ cvie|
2. Drme cvjbi mvgvwRK iZ g~jvqb
KiZ cvie|
3. PvKgv, wcyiv, muvIZvj, IuivI, Mviv
bMvxi Drme cvjbi wewfb w`K eYbv
KiZ cvie|
4. evsjv`ki cvnvo I mgZji z`
bMvxi Drme cvjb ^vZ wPwZ KiZ
cvie|
gbvcwkR
5. AjwfwK evsjv`ki z` bMvxi
Drmei GKwU QK cZ KiZ cvie
6. wbRi GjvKvi z` bMvx Abymvb
Ki Zv`i iZc~Y Drme mK
cwZe`b Zwi KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
7. z` bMvxi Drme I ewPi cwZ
kvkxj ne|
8. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi Drme Abyvb
I Gi cwieZb welq RvbZ AvMn
cKvk Kie|
9. Drme cvjbi ga w`q h mvgvwRK
msnwZ I HK Mo IV Zv Dcjw
KiZ cvie|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(20 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
z` bMvxi Drme wkK evsjv`ki z` bMvxi iZc~Y KqKwU Drmei ZvwjKv AvjvPbvq AskMnY Ges
kwYZ c`kb Ki Gi KvbwU Kvb z` bMvxi Drme Zv kwYZ wbR^ gZvgZ
o emyK/ mvsMvB/ weRy/
wkv_x`i KvQ RvbZ PvBeb| Di`vb wkv_x`i DrmvwnZ `vbi `Zv g~jvqb
emvwe Drme (wcyiv, Kieb| wkv_xiv Drmvn wbq wkKi cki Di w`e Ges Gme Kiv|
gvigv, ivLvBb,Zv I Drmei Avb` I wewfb AvqvRb wbq wbR`i AwfZv wewbgq evwoi KvR g~jvqb Kiv
PvKgv) Kie| ZvwjKv Zwii h_v_Zv
o wPqvmrcq (MvnZv) wkK cvVeBZ mshvwRZ cwZwU Drmei Avb` AvqvRbi wP g~jvqb Kiv
Drme (v I Lywg) avivevwnKfve kwYZ Dcvcb Kieb| Gme Avb` Drme
c`wkZ PvU, Mvd, mviwY
o mvn&ivB Drme AvqvRb, wewfb kwY, ckv, ag, eY I Mvi gvbyli DcwwZ,
coZ I eySZ cvivi
Avb` DcfvM Kxfve mgvR mxwZ, mnv` I gxi fve my`o
(muvIZvj) `Zv g~jvqb Kiv,
Ki Zv AvjvPbv Kieb|
o evnv (muvIZvj) eve Kvb NUbv, wP,
wkv_xiv wewfb Drmei Avb` AvqvRbi ic wPwZ Kie
o Kvivg Drme (IuivI) `k BZvw` `L Zv
(GKK/`jxqfve)| Drmei Qwe/wP `L Aviv wevwiZ RvbZ
o IqvsMvjv Drme (Mviv) _K wkv MnYi `Zv
Ges wbRiv Drme AvqvRb cZ KiZ AvMnx Ges Drmvnx ne|
g~jvqb Kiv|
o mv`-myK-gbwmb (Lvwm) wkK Kvbv wekl Drmei AvqvRb cviwiK mnv` I
gxi eb my`o KiZ Kxfve f~wgKv ivL Zv Abymvb KiZ G Qvov Kvbv Aavqi
wkv_x`i mnvqZv Kieb| wkv_xiv wkKi wb`kbv I mnvqZv cvV kl kwY Afxv
wbq Abymvb Kvh cwiPvjbv Ges cwZe`b Zwi Kie| MnxZ ne| G cixvq
mRbkxj cwZi
ewbevPbx ( MCQ) Ges
mRbkxj (CQ) ck
eeZ ne|
239
 7. wkvg QK
mg kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 240

c_g Aavq : z` bMvxi mvswZK cwiwPwZ (20 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
eywexq
1. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi fvlvmg~n z` bMvxi mvswZK mswZi ewntcKvk NU me c_g fvlvi gvag Ges fvlvi wjwLZ ic ckvi Ges ZvwjKv
DjL KiZ cvie| cwiwPwZ mvwnZ Zv kwYZ AvjvPbv Kieb| z` bMvxi fvlvi K_-ic I wjwLZ Zwii KvRi gvag
2. z` bMvxi mvwnZKg I mswZi ic o fvlv I mvwnZ ic wkv_x`i mvgb D`vniYi gvag Dcvcb Kieb| g~jvqb Kiv|
eYbv KiZ cvie| wkv_xiv GKK/`jxqfve G`i wewfb RvwZ Mvwi mvwnZi ic wPwZ cZKZ wkivbvgi
3. z` bMvxi Qov I icK_vi ^Zic o Qov I icK_v Ki ZvwjKv cZ Kie| mwVKZv g~jvqb Kiv|
wPwZ KiZ cvie| o M I jvKKvwnwb wkK wkv_x`iK wewfb z` bMvxi Qov I icK_v `v w`q cwiwPZ Qwe/P `L ev`hi
4. z` bMvxi M I jvK Kvwnwb, o msMxZ I ev`h Kiveb| bvgi ZvwjKv Zwii
jvKMxwZ, Qov, icK_v Ges msMxZi o cvkvK cwiQ` wkK enr RbMvxi Rxeb h mKj M I jvKKvwnbx wgk AvQ KvR g~jvqb Kiv|
weeiY w`Z cvie| o Lv`vfvm mjvi D`vniY wkv_x`i mvgb Dcvcb Kieb Ges Zvi
hgb Lywk Zgb mvR
5. wewfb bMvxi wbR^ ev`hi ZvwjKv o Ljvayjv avivevwnKZvq wekl wekl z` bMvxi ga ej AvjvwPZ jvKKvwnwb
ce AskMnY Ges
cZ KiZ cvie| M I jvKMuv_v eYbv Ki eywSq w`eb|
cvkvK cwiavbi KvR
6. z` bMvxi cvkvK cwiQ` Ges wkv_xiv z` bMvxi GmKj M, jvKKvwnwb I jvKMuv_vi wkivbvgi
g~jvqb Kiv|
Lv`vfvmi weeiY w`Z cvie Ges ZvwjKv (GKK/`jMZfve) cZ Kie|
bMvx f` cvkvK I Lv`i ZvwjKv wkK z` bMvxi msMxZ I ev`hi Dci GKwU cwiwPwZg~jK AvjvPbv c`wkZ ZvwjKv/mviwY
cZ KiZ cvie| kl ev`hi Qwe c`kb Kieb| wkv_xiv GKK/`jxqfve ev`hi coZ I eySZ cviv
7. z` bMvxi wekl Ljvayjvi weeiY ZvwjKv Zwi Kie| Ges Gi wfwZ wbw`
w`Z cvie| wkK kwYZ z` bMvxi cvkvK cwiQ` I Lv`fvm Gi GKwU mvaviY ewki AvjvK
AvjvPbv Dcvcb Kieb| wkv_xiv GKwU wekl w`b z` bMvxi ZvwjKv Zwii KvR
gbvcwkR cvkvK cwiavb Ki hgb Lywk Zgb mvRv ce Ask wbe| g~jvqb Kiv|
8. z` bMvxi wekl Ljvayjvi wkK kwYZ wkv_x`i mvgb z` bMvxi Ljvayjv mK GKwU
mivgvw`i ZvwjKv Zwi KiZ cvie mvaviY aviYv Dcvcb Kieb| Ljvayjvi bvg, wbqg-Kvbyb I hv`i Rb
Ges Qwe AuvKZ cvie| H mKj Ljvayjv Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv/mviwY wkv_x`i `Lveb|
AveMxq mviwY `L wkv_xiv Mvx f` Ljvayjv Avjv`v Ki Zvi ZvwjKv cZ
9. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi fvlvmg~n Ges Kie|
Zv`i ewPc~Y mswZi w`Kmg~n
RvbZ AvMnx ne|
10. z` bMvxi mvwnZKg I msMxZi
bv`wbK w`K DcfvM KiZ Dy ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 241

wZxq Aavq : z` bMvxi wekvm I g~jeva (10 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
eywexq
1. z` bMvxi mgvR cPwjZ Av`k z` bMvxi wekvm I g~jeva wkK kwYZ wekvm I g~jeva welqi GKwU mvaviY AvjvPbv ckvii gvag
(Norms) eYbv KiZ cvie| o Av`k I g~jeva Kieb Ges GKBmv_ z` bMvxi wekvm I g~jeva mK g~jvqb Kiv|
2. g~jevai aviYv evLv KiZ cvie| avibv Kieb| AvjvPbvq AskMnY Ges
(Norms & Values)
3. mgvR cPwjZ g~jevamg~n wPwZ wkK wkv_x`i wbKU Zv`i wbR wbR mgvRi Av`k I g~jvqb Kiv|
o c_v I HwZn (Custom g~jeva mK `yGKwU D`vniY w`Z ejeb|
KiZ cvie| ck Kivi cvmwKZv
4. mgvR cPwjZ wekvm, agxq AvPvi I & Tradition) wkK z` bMvxi wbR^ Av`k I g~jeva, wekvm I agxq g~jvqb Kiv|
c_vmg~n eYbv KiZ cvie| o wekvm I agxq AvPvi AvPvi Ges mvgvwRK wblavv mK wevwiZ AvjvPbv I
cwZe`b Zwii KvR
5. mgvR cPwjZ wewa wblai ZvwjKv (Beliefs & Rituals) D`vniY Dcvcb Kieb|
g~jvqb Kiv|
cZ KiZ cvie| o mvgvwRK wblavv wkv_xiv ck Ki Zv`i KZ~nji wbew NUve| wkK
AvjvPbvi cvmwKZvq kwYZ Ggb cwiek Zwi Kieb hvZ wkv_x`i DZ eve
(Social Taboo) NUbv wKsev D`vniY
AveMxq wkv_x`i ga KZ~nj RvMZ nq Ges G welq Zv`i aviYv
KiZ cvi| g~jvqb Kiv|
6. z` bMvxi Av`k I g~jevai cwZ
evwoi KvR g~jvqb Kiv
kvkxj ne|
7. z` bMvx mgvR cPwjZ c_v, agxq kwYi KvRi Ask
wekvm Ges wblavv cvjbi cwZ wnme GKK/`jMZ
kvkxj ne| KvR g~jvqb Kiv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 242

ZZxq Aavq : evsjv`ki z` bMvxi ivRbwZK Rxeb (10 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
eywexq
1. wewfb Aji z` bMvxi c_vMZ evsjv`ki z` bMvxi wkK evsjv`ki wZbwU cveZ Rjvi c_vMZ kvmb eevi c`wkZ PvU/mviwY coZ
kvmb cwZ DjL KiZ cvie| ivRbwZK Rxeb wP PvUi gvag Dcvcb Kieb| D PvU c`wkZ wewfb i cviv, eySZ cviv Ges
2. c_vMZ AvBbmg~n eYbv KiZ cvie| o c_vMZ kvmb eev bZv/cwZwbwa wbevPb cwZ, gqv` G gZv BZvw` mK AvjvPbvi AskMnYi
3. mvgvwRK wePviKvhi aib I cwZ AvjvPbv Kieb| wkv_x`i ck Kieb| wkLb AMMwZ `Zv g~jvqb Kiv|
evLv KiZ cvie| o bZZ I gZv KvVvgv hvPvBg (MVbKvjxb g~jvqb) wdWevK w`eb| gwLK ck, KzBR aibi
4. z` bMvxi Rxebavivq c_vMZ kvmbi o c_vMZ AvBb wkK z` bMvx mgvRi c_vMZ AvBb Ges G AvBb h, cki gvag g~jvqb
cfve weklY KiZ cvie| o mgvwRK wePvi eev wePviKvh cwiPvwjZ nq Zv AvjvPbv Kieb| eve D`vniY w`q Kiv|
wkv_x`i eywSq w`eb| Zv`i ck Kieb Ges mwVK Z_ AvjvPbv I ckvi ce
AveMxq cZ mnvqZv Kieb| c_vMZ AvBbi ZvwjKvi Zwi KiZ AskMnY, ee c`vb
5. z` bMvxi ivRbwZK Rxebaviv ejeb| wKsev Di `vbi
mK vbjvf AvMnx ne| wkv_xiv wkKi DcvwcZ welqvw` eySZ Amyweav nj ck mwVKZv g~jvqb Kiv|
Ki Zv eyS wbe, cki Reve w`e| wewfb cvebvi Dci
cZKZ ZvwjKvi
DcwZ eZv/ee c`vb Kie|
mwVKZv g~jvqb Kiv|
DcwZ eZv/ee
g~jvqb Kiv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 243

PZy_ Aavq : JcwbewkK kvmb weivax Av`vjb (10 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. Dcwbek weivax Av`vjbi Ask
wnme muvIZvj we`vn, UsK I nvRs
we`vn Ges ZfvMv Av`vjbi weeiY
w`Z cvie|
2. wewUk weivax Av`vjb z` bMvxi
AskMnYi Zvrch evLv KiZ
cvie|
3. gywhyi NUbv DjL KiZ cvie|
4. gywhy mgZji Ges cvnvwo z`
bMvxi mwq AskMnY Ges Zv`i
Ae`vb g~jvqb KiZ cvie|
gbvcwkR
5. gywhy exiZc`kYKvix I LZvecv
z` bMvxi eweMi ZvwjKv cyZ
KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
6. gywhyi wewfb NUbvewj RvbZ AvMnx
ne Ges G hy wewfb RvwZmvi
jvKRbi Ae`vb KZwP ^iY
KiZ Dy ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
JcwbewkK kvmb weivax wkK evsjv`k Dcwbek weivax Av`vjb msMvgi Kvwnbx cZKZ PvUi mwVKZv
Av`vjb eYbv KiZ wMq mvuIZvj, gyv, UsK, nvRs we`vn Ges ZfvMv g~jvqb Kiv|
o wewUk weivax Av`vjb Av`vjbi msMvgi NUbvmg~ni ZvwjKv cZ Ges JcwbewkK AvjvPbvq AskMnY,
kvmbi Aemvb z` bMvxi Ae`vb wPwZ KiZ ejeb| ee c`vb wKsev
o mvuIZvj we`vn wkv_xiv AvjvPbvq AskMnY Kie| GKK/`jMZfve Di`vbi mwVKZv
o gyv we`vn kwYiKvR mv`b Kieb| mgqi gAbymvi JcwbewkK g~jvqb Kiv|
o UsK, ZfvMv, nvRs kvmb weivax Av`vjb I msMvgi NUbvmg~ni ZvwjKv c&Z cZKZ ZvwjKvi
we`vn Kie| mwVKZv g~jvqb Kiv
o gywhy I z` bMvx wkK evsjv`ki ^vaxbZv ARb k NUbv gywhy Ges G hy
`jxq Dcvcbv g~jvqb
o gywhy z` bMvxi z` bMvxi AskMnY Ges Zv`i exiZc~Y Ae`vb mK
Kiv|
wkv_x`i c~e AwfZv hvPvB Kieb| cqvRbxq Z_ Dcv
exiZc~Y Ae`vb welqwfwK ee c`vb
Ges NUbvi weeiY Zzj aieb, ckvii gvag wkv_x`i
vb mymsnZ Kieb| G hy exiZ c`kbKvix z` bMvxi g~jvqb Kiv|
eweMi ZvwjKv Zwi KiZ ejeb| `jxq KvR AskMnY
wkv_xiv gywhy mK Zv`i ee Dcvcb Kie, cki AvMn, cviwiK fvei
Di w`e| Av`vb c`vb, cvebv
MnY Ges HKgZ
DcwbZ nIqv BZvw`
g~jvqb Kiv|
244
cg Aavq : z` bMvxi jvKRvb (08 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
eywexq
1. z` b-Mvxi cev`-cePbi ZvwjKv z` bMvxi jvKRvb wkK kwYZ jvKRvb/vbxq aviYvi Dci GKwU mvaviY AvjvPbvq AskMnYi
cZ Ki Zv evLv KiZ cvie| o cev`-cePb AvjvPbv Dcvcb Kieb| G AvjvPbvi cvkvcvwk z` AvMn Ges ee `vbi
2. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi jvKRvb o wPwKrmv bMvxi cvZwnK Rxeb GmKj jvKRvb wKfve `Zv g~jvqb Kiv|
cqvMi mg~n wPwZ KiZ cvie| IZcvZfve RwoZ Zv wbq UxKv/ iPbv wjLZ w`eb| UxKv I iPbv jLvi KvR
3. wPwKrmv z` bMvxi jvKRvb o Pvlvev` wkK z` bMvxi cev`-cePb Gi D`vniY w`eb| wPwKrmv g~jvqb Kiv|
eenvii iZ evLv KiZ cvie| z` bMvxi jvKRvb wKfve KvR jvM mwU ckvii gvag
4. mgvR Rxeb z` bMvxi jvKRvbi D`vniYmn evLv Kieb| g~jvqb Kiv|
cfve weklY KiZ cvie| z` bMvxi Pvlvev`i jvKRvb wKfve eeZ nq Zv
KzBR aibi cki
D`vniYi gvag AvjvPbv Kieb| wkv_xiv bvbv aibi ck
gvag g~jvqb Kiv|
AveMxq Ki Zv`i KZ~nj wbe Kie|
5. z` bMvxi mvswZK KgKv Ges ck Kivi cvmwKZv
jvKRvbi cwZ ghv`v `vbi gbvfve g~jvqb Kiv|
cvlY Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 245

l Aavq : RxeewP I cwiek msiY z` bMvx (12 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
eywexq
1. RxeewPi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie| RxeewP I cwiek msiY wkK kwYZ RxeewP mK mvaviY aviYv `evi cvkvcvwk AvjvPbvq AskMnYi
2. RxeewP iv Ges cwiek msiYi z` bMvx cwiek msiY z` bMvxi f~wgKv AvjvPbv Kieb| AvMn Ges ee `vbi
iZ eYbv KiZ cvie| o RxeewPi aviYv wkv_x`i `jxq/GKKfve cwiek msiYi Dcvq Abymvb `Zv g~jvqb Kiv
3. RxeewP iv I cwiek msiY z` Ki cwZe`b Zwi Kie| wbw` gvb`i AvjvK
bMvxi f~wgKv wPwZ KiZ cvie| o cwiek msiYi
Abymvbg~jK KvR
cqvRbxqZv
g~jvqb Kiv|
gbvcwkR o RxeewP I cwiek
cki h_v_Zv g~jvqb
4. vbxqfve RxeewP iv I cwiek msiY Kiv
msiYi Dcvq Abymvb Ges cwZe`b cveZ Aj G Qvov Kvbv Aavqi
Zwi KiZ cvie| mgZj Aj cvV kl kwY Afxv
MnxZ ne| G cixvq
AveMxq
mRbkxj cwZi
5. RxeewP iv I cwiek msiYi
ewbevPbx ( CQ) Ges
wewfb mvgvwRK I ivxq KgKv
AskMnY AvMn cKvk Kie| mRbkxj (CQ) ck
eeZ ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 246

 8. wkvg QK
Ag kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 247

c_g Aavq : z` bMvxi fvlv I mvswZK ewP
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. cavb PviwU fvlv cwievify z`
bMvxi fvwlK ewk eYbv KiZ
cvie|
2. cavb PviwU z` bMvxi fvwlK
ewki ewP evLv KiZ cvie|
3. fvlv I mswZi weKvk wewfb
MYgvagi f~wgKv wPwZ KiZ cvie|
4. RvZxq w`em D`hvcb evOvwj I z`
bMvxi AskMnY Ges Zv`i h_
mvswZK KgKvi g~jvqb KiZ
cvie|
5. evOvwj Ges z` bMvxi mswZi ga
HKi gjeb vcbi Dcvq wPwZ
KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
6. evOvwj I z` bMvxi mswZi ewP
LuyR cZ AvMnx ne|
7. evOvwj I z` bMvxi mswZi ^vZ
I ewPi ga HK cwZvq Dy
ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
(10 wcwiqW)
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
z` bMvxi fvlv I mvswZK wkK evsjv`ki z` bMvxi fvlv PvU / mviwYi mvnvh c`wkZ PvU/mviwY coZ
ewP Dcvcb Kieb| PvU c`wkZ PviwU avivq Afy cwZwU z` cviv, eySZ cviv Ges
o fvwlK ewk I ewP bMvxi fvlv Kx; fvlvi g~j ewk Kx Zv avivevwnKfve AvjvPbvi AskMnYi
AvjvPbv Kieb| wkv_xiv GK z` bMvxi mv_ Aci z` `Zv g~jvqb Kiv|
o RvZxq w`em D`&hvcb I bMvxi fvwlK ewki ^vZ (GKK/`jxqfve) wPwZ Ki wP, `k ev eve NUbv
z` bMvx Zv kwYZ Dcvcb Kie| eYbv _K wkvMnYi
o MYgvag y` bMvxi wkK `ki wewfb Aski z` bMvx wKfve AvRvwZK `Zv g~jvqb Kiv|
mvswZK cwZdjb gvZfvlv w`em, ^vaxbZv I RvZxq w`em Ges weRq w`em `jxq KvRi Dcvcbv
Uwjwfkb Dchvcb Ki Zv PvUi gvag kwYZ Dcvcb Kieb| me g~jvqb Kiv|
eZvi nj RvZxq w`emg~n cvjb MnxZ ivxq Kgm~wPZ z` bMvxi
RvZxq w`em D`hvcbi
AskMnY Ges Zv`i wewfb cwiekbvi Qwe/wP, ccvi KvwUs
msev`c Qwe/wP/ccvi KvwUs
c`kb Kieb|
`L Gi AwbwnZ
Zvrch ejZ cviv wKsev
wkv_xiv wbR wbR AwfZv e Kie| evOvwj I z` bMvxi
wjLZ cvivi `Zv
mswZi hvMm~ Ges HK cwZvi iZ (kwYi KvR/evwoi
g~jvqb Kiv|
KvR) wjwce Kie
wkv_x`i wbR^
wkK eZvi, Uwjwfkb Ges msevc cwiewkZ z` bMvxi AwfZv wnme DZ
iZc~Y mvswZK Abyvbvw`i (hgb- msMxZ, bvUK, KweZv, NUvewji weeiY b Zv
Kw_Kv BZvw`) weeiY w`eb| Gme Abyvbvw`i mK g~jvqb Kiv|
wkv_x`i AwfZvi K_v beb, Zv`i cki Di w`eb| kwYi I evwoi KvR
wkv_xiv z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZi weKvk wewfb g~jvqb Kiv|
MYgvagi f~wgKv wPwZ KiZ ejeb ( kwY/evwoi KvR)
248
wZxq Aavq : z` bMvxi kvixwiK MVb cwiwPwZ (10 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
eywexq
1. biMvxi aviYv I Drm eYbv KiZ z` bMvxi kvixwiK MVb wkK biMvx ejZ Kx evSvq Zv AvjvPbv Kieb| gvbyli AvjvPbvq AskMnY Ges
cvie| cwiwPwZ kvixwiK is/eYi wfbZv h cvKwZK KviY NU Zv D`vniYi kwYZ wbR^ gZvgZ
2. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi kvixwiK o biMvxi aviYv mvnvh AvjvPbv Kieb| AvjvPbv _K wkv_xiv KZUv eySZ `vbi `Zv g~jvqb
^vZ, ewP I bZvwK aviYvwU evLv ciQ Zv ck Ki Rvbeb Ges wdWevK w`eb| wkv_xiv Kiv|
KiZ cvie| o biMvxi Drm wbR`i AwfZv e Kie| c~Yv aviYv cZ wkKi KzBR aibi ck, eve
3. KKkxq, gvjxq, KvKvq Ges o biMvxi kwYwefvM AvjvPbv be Ges eySZ bv cvij ck Ki Rb wbe| AwfZv e Kiv
Ajxq RbMvxi Af ~ z` KKvq (Negroid) wkK 4 aibi MVb I ewki wfwZ biMvxi kwYwefvRb BZvw`i gvag g~jvqb
bMvxi kvixwiK ^vZ wPwZ KiZ KKkxq AvjvPbv Kieb| cwZwU MVb ewki biMvxi Qwe c`kb Kiv|
cvie| (Caucasoid) Ki Zv _K ^ZKvq, gvjxq, KKvq Ges Ajxq evwoi KvR g~jvqb Kiv
RbMvxi `wnK ^vZ wkv_x`i (GKK/`jxqfve) wPwZ
Avjxq (Australoid) ZvwjKv Zwii h_v_Zv
AveMxq KiZ ejeb|
gvjxq g~jvqb Kiv|
4. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi cwiPq RvbZ wkv_xiv GKK/`jxqfve kwYf` biMvxi kvixwiK MVbi
AvMn cKvk Kie Ges mKj bvMwiK (Mongoloid) ^Z ewkmg~n wPwZ Ki ZvwjKv Zwi Kie Ges kwYZ c`wkZ PvU, Mvd, mviwY
AwaKvii cwZ mvb c`kb Dy ne| Dcvcb Kie| wkv_xiv kvixwiK MVb I ewki cv_Ki coZ I eySZ cvivi
wfwZ evsjv`ki z` bMvxmg~nK 4wU fvM mwZ Ki `Zv g~jvqb Kiv,
ZvwjKv cZ Kie (evwo/kwYi KvR) eve Kvb NUbv, wP,
`k BZvw` `L Zv
_K wkv MnYi `Zv
g~jvqb Kiv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 249

ZZxq Aavq : evsjv`ki z` bMvxi A_bwZK Rxeb (12 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj
eywexq
1. evsjv`ki wewfb Aj emevmiZ z`
bMvxi Mnvwj KvRKgi weeiY w`Z
cvie|
2. mgZji z` bMvxi nvj-KwlKvR Ges
cvnvwo bMvxi RygPvli ^vZ ewk
wbicY KiZ cvie|
3. mgZj I cvnvwo z` bMvxi f~wg
eenvi I eevcbvi aib evLv KiZ
cvie|
4. RvZxq A_bxwZi g~javiv Ges z`
bMvxi A_bwZK Rxebavivi ^vZ
wPwZ KiZ cvie|
gbvcwkR
5. z` bMvxi A_bwZK Kvhvewji
ZvwjKv cZ KiZ cvie Ges
A_bwZK Rxebaviv Qwe GuK c`kb
KiZ cvie|
AveMxq
6. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi A_bwZK
Kvhvewji cwZ kveva c`kb Ges
RvZxq A_bxwZZ Zv`i Ae`vb Dy
ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012
welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
evsjv`ki z` bMvxi wkK kwYZ z` bMvxi A_bwZK Rxeb mK GKwU mvaviY AvjvPbvq AskMnYi
A_bwZK Rxeb AvjvPbv Kieb| AvMn Ges ee `vbi
o Mnvwji KvR-Kg wkK nvjKwl, RygPvl I cvbPvl mK wkv_x`i Rvbveb Ges `Zv g~jvqb Kiv|
Kviv, Kv_vq Kvb Kwl KvR Af Zv wkv_x`i KvQ RvbZ cki h_v_Zv g~jvqb
o KwlKvR PvBeb| Kiv|
o nvjKwl wkv_xiv wkKK ck Ki RvbZ PvBe z` bMvxi KwlKvRi kwYi KvR AvMn Ges
o RygPvl mv_ cvnvwo z` bMvxi Ryg Pvlvev`i mv`k ev emv`k Kv_vq Zv AskMnY g~jvqb Kiv|
o cvbPvl wbq weZK AeZxY ne| GKK/`jxqfve vbxq h Kvbv GKwU
wkv_x`i DZ eve
o f~wg eenvi I eevcbv Pvlvev`i Dci cwZe`b Zwi KiZ wkK mnhvwMZv Kieb|
NUbv wKsev D`vniY
o nwk wkK nwki Dci GKwU mvaviY AvjvPbv Dcvcbv Kieb|
g~jvqb Kiv|
wkv_x`i KvQ wewfb KzwVi wkRvZ cYi bvg RvbZ PvBeb|
o evRvi eev I eemv- weZK AskMnY, Z_-
z` bMvxi Drcvw`Z nwk mvgwMi bvgmn ZvwjKv cZ KiZ
evwYR ejeb | Z Dcvvcb, hyw c`vb
o ebvqb I ebRm` `kxq A_bxwZZ z` bMvxi Ae`vb g~jvqb Ki cwZe`b Zwi I Lb BZvw` gvb`i
AvniY KiZ evwoi KvR w`eb| AvjvK g~jvqb Kiv|
o ccvjb I wkKvi wkK kwYZ z` bMvxi evRvi eev I eemv evwYRi Dci cZKZ ZvwjKvi
mvaviY AvjvPbv Dcvcb Kieb wkv_xiv ck Ki G mK bvbv h_v_Zv g~jvqb Kiv|
iKg KZznj `~i Kie| cwZe`b Zwii KvR
wkK kwYZ ebvqb I ebRm`i AvniY z` bMvxi f~wgKv g~jvqb Kiv|
wkv_xi mvgb Dcvcb Kieb| wkv_xiv wewfb cki gvag
wewfb z` bMvxi ebRm` AvniYi cwqv Rb wbe|
wkK z` bMvxi ccvjb I wkKvi mK AvjvPbv Kieb|
wekl wekl z` bMvxi c cvjb cwZ I wkKvi eev mK
wkv_xiv wkKK ck Kie| wkK wkv_x`i cki Di w`q
KZ~nj c~iY Kie|
250
PZz_ Aavq : z` bMvxi cwieZbi aviv (10 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
eywexq
1. evsjv`ki mgZj I cvnvwo y` z` bMvxi cwieZbi aviv wkK evsjv`ki z` bMvxi eZgvb Ges AZxZ Rxebavivi c`wkZ wPi welqe
bMvxi mvgvwRK cwieZbi aib Ges o mvgvwRK I mvswZK wP c`kb Ki wkv_x`iK mvgvwRK I mvswZK Kx Kx Abyaveb Ki ZvwjKv
Gi cfve weklY KiZ cvie| cwieZbi aviYv cwieZb NUQ, Gi ZvwjKv cZ I kwYZ Dcvcb KiZ Zwii mwVKZv g~jvqb|
2. z` bMvxi mvswZ cwieZbi wewfb ejeb| GiB avivevwnKZvq wZwb eve D`vniY w`q z` wjwLZ I gwLK
w`K evLv KiZ cvie| o KwZcq mvgvwRK I bMvxi mvgvwRK, mvswZK, A_bwZK, c_vMZ kvmb Ges ckvii gvag
3. z` bMvxi RxweKv I Abvb mvswZK cwieZb agxq wekvm I AvPvii cwieZbi aib Ges cfve g~jvqb Kiv|
A_bwZK KgKv cwieZbi aviv fvlv AvjvPbv Kieb| wkv_xiv GKK/`jxqfve mvgvwRK Ges kwY Afxvi gvag
g~jvqb KiZ cvie| weevn I cwievi mvswZK cwieZbi wewfb w`K wPwZ KiZ kwYi/evwoi KvR g~jvqb Kiv|
4. z` bMvxi c_vMZ kvmbi h cvkvK cwiQ` I I Ask wbe|
`jxqKvR AskMnY,
cwieZb m~wPZ nqQ Zv evLv KiZ Lv`vfvm cviwiK mnhvwMZ I
cvie
RxweKv HKgZ DcwbZ nIqv
5. z` bMvxi agxq cwieZb DjL KiZ
c_vMZ kvmb evev BZvw` `Zv g~jvqb
cvie|
Kiv|
agxq wekvm I AvPvi
gbvcwkR evwoi KvRi gvag
6. wkv I ^viZvi nvii wP Ab g~jvqb Kiv|
KiZ cvie|

AveMxq
7. z` bMvxi cwiewZZ Rxebaviv mK
mPZbZv jvf Kie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 251

cg Aavq : z` bMvxi mgmv (14 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
eywexq
1. y` bMvxi f~wg _K wewQb nIqvi z` bMvxi mgmv wkK cveZ PUMvgi f~wgi gvwjKvbv Ges Gi eenvii Z_wP DcvwcZ Z_wP _K
KviY eYbv KiZ cvie| o f~wg mgmv Dcvcb I AvjvPbv Kieb| wkv_x`iK f~wg mgmvi cKwZ Gi AwbwnZ Zvrch
2. y` bMvxi mgvR wbiiZvi cavb o wbiiZv I gvZfvlvq Ges KviYmg~n `jMZfve wPwZ KiZ ejeb| z` bMvxi eySZ cvivi `Zvi
KviY evLv KiZ cvie| mviZvi nvii Z_wP c`kb Kieb Ges wkv_x`i KvQ g~jvqb Kiv|
3. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi `vwi`i gvv wkv mviZvi wb nvii KviY RvbZ PvBeb| AvjvPbvq AskMnYi
I KviY mbv KiZ cvie| o `vwi` I eKviZ cvnvwo Aji eb DRvoi eve NUbv/wP c`kb Ki Gi AvMn , ee`vb, cki
4. z` bMvxi eKviZi aib DjL o eb DRvo I cwiekMZ cwiekMZ mgmv Kx ne Zv wbYq KiZ wkv_x`i w`q `jxq wjwLZ I gwLK
KiZ cvie| cwZK~jZv KvR Kieb| mvswZK wecbZv mwKZ eve NUbv/ Km vwW Di`vbi `Zv g~jvqb
5. cvnvwo Aj eb DRvoi NUbv cZ o mvswZK wecbZv Dcvcb Kieb| Gi KviY AvjvPbv Kieb| Kiv|
Ki Rjevqy cwieZbi Ici Gi cfve wkv_xiv DcvwcZ Z_wP `L Zv eySZ Pv Kie, kwYZ wkv_xi DZ eve
weklY KiZ cvie| GKK I `jxq KvR AskMnY Kie| NUbv/D`vniY wKsev Km
6. y` bMvxi mvswZK wecbZvi ^ic I mgxYi cvmwKZv
KviYmg~n eYbv KiZ cvie| g~jvqb Kiv|
kwY Afxvi gvag
AveMxq
g~jvqb Kiv|
7. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi mgmvmg~n
RvbZ Ges eySZ AvMnx ne| kwYi
(GKK/`jMZ)KvRi
g~jvqb Kiv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 252

l Aavq : z` bMvxi Dbqb (14 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv
eywexq
1. Dbqbi aviYv eYbv KiZ cvie| z` bMvxi Dbqb wkK, Dbqb Kx Ges z` bMvxi Dbqb MnxZ Kvhgi c`wkZ ZvwjKv coZ I
2. y` bMvxi mswZi ^vZ ivq o Dbqbi aviYv ZvwjKv Zwi Ki Zv Dcvcb Kieb| ZvwjKvq bvixi gZvqb, eySZ cviv Ges Zv _K
wewfb msvi Kvhgi iZ evLv o Dbqb Kvhg (c_vMZ, wkv I ^viZv, ^v Ges cvwb msv Dbqb KvhgK wkvMnYi `Zv
KiZ cvie| c_vMZ, miKvwi I emiKvwi G wZbfvM web Ki `Lveb| g~jvqb Kiv|
3. bvixi gZvqb MnxZ Kvhvewj eYbv miKvwi I emiKvwi) wk_xiv z` bMvxi Dbqb MnxZ Kvhg mK wbR`i kwYi KvR g~jvqb Kiv
KiZ cvie o bvixi gZvqb AwfZv wewbgq Kie| Kvb wekl Dbqb Kvhgi mvdj I weZK AskMnY, Z_
4. wkv I mviZvi nvi ewZ wewfb o wkv I ^viZv e_Zv wbq weZK Kie Ges Abymvbg~jK Kvhg Ask wbe| Ges Z Dcvcb,
msvi Kvhvewj g~jvqb KiZ cvie| o ^v Ges cvwb wkK cqvRbxq mnhvwMZv w`eb| hywc`vb I Lb BZvw`
5. ^v Ges cvwb Kvhvewj evLv KiZ o Dbqb mvebv gvb`i AvjvK
cvie| g~jvqb Kiv|
6. wbR`i mgmv mgvavbi KiYxq
wbw` gvb`i AvjvK
wbaviY KiZ cvie|
Abymvbg~jK KvR
g~jvqb Kiv|
gbvcwkR
7. miKvii wekl Kvb Kvhgi cfve kwY Afxvq CQ Ges
MCQ eenvi Ki
Abymvb KiZ cvie|
g~jvqb Kiv|
AveMxq
8. z` bMvxi Dbqb MnxZ Kvhg
mK RvbZ I AvjvPbv KiZ
DrmvwnZ ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 253

8. jLK wb`kbv
evsjv`k z` bMvxi fvlv I mvswZ welqwU l I Ag kwYi wkvg c_g mshvRb| G`ki AwaKvsk wkv_x z` bMvxi mK fvjfve AeMZ bq| G cwZ wkv_x`i Rb evaMg
AvKlYxq Avb``vqK I gvbmZ cvVcyK iPbvi jLKi Rb wb ewYZ wb`kbvmg~n mycvwik Kiv nj:
1. jLKK AekB iZ z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ wkvg `wjjwU fvjvfve cvV Ki Gi Dk, iZ I ggv_ Abyaveb KiZ ne| wekl Ki wkvg ewYZ wkLbdj, welq e, wkLb-
kLvbv Kvhgi D`vniY, g~jvqb cwZ/ Kkj BZvw` g~j welqjv fvjvfve Avq Ki wbeb|
2. jLKK AekB cvVcyK iPbvi mgq wkv_x`i gvbwmK eqm wkv i I cvV`vbi myhvM myweav weePbvq ivLZ ne|
3. ZvwK I nvZ Kjg kLvi welqjv Ggbfve eve D`vniY, wP, Qwe, PvU BZvw` mg^q mnR fvlvq Dcvcb KiZ ne hvZ evaMg I wkv_xeve nq| cvVe I wkv_x`i KvR
(Activity) AekB welqm A_c~Y I Ges gvbweK evamb nIqv evbxq|
4. cwZwU cvV Dcvcbvi mgq cZqi msv w`q i Kivi ixwZ wbirmvwnZ Kiv nQ| eis cvV iPbvi mgq D`vniYmn eYbv w`q Ggbfve i Kivi civgk `Iqv nQ hvZ wkv_x eYbvi ga
w`q Abymvbg~jK I mRbkxj `wfw w`q welqi ggv_ Dcjw KiZ mg nq|
5. ew Rxeb, cwievi, mgvRRxeb z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZi cfve, cwiek SzuwK Ges fvlv I mvswZK HwZn BZvw` weljv cvVcyKK mwVKfve Dcvcbi Rb jLK msev`c, Rvbvj,
cKvwkZ cyK, wbe, cwZe`b, mv`Kxq, wUwf-eZvi BZvw` mvnvh wbZ cvib| Ze G KwcKZ AvBb gb KiZ ne|
6. welqei Dcvcbvq mZZv, bwZKZv, `kcg, Amv`vwqK, gvbweKZv, Ab RvwZi cwZ kveva cigZ mwnyZv, mse`bkxjZv BZvw` mvgvwRK I bwZK Yvewji weKvk Ges evOvwji
Mievj BwZnvm, HwZn I mvswZi cwZ AekB iZ w`Z ne|
7. z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ welqi jLKK AekB we`vjq ewnf~Z z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ mswk hgb, weZK, cvkvK- Ajvi I ev`h c`kbx gjv, ` AwZw_ evK kwY K
Avnvb; mswk msv, GjvKv, cwZvb gY BZvw` welq Drmvn c`vb Kieb|
8. Z_i idvi `Iqvi cPwjZ ixwZ AekB AbymiY KiZ ne| wkv_xK welq mswk gvbwP Ab Ges cwZe`b Zwi Kivi `Zv ARbi w`K j ivLZ ne|
9. jLK cwZwU cvV iPbvi iZ e wkLbdj wjL i Kieb Ges GKB wkLbdj GKvwaK cvV nZ cvi| Lqvj ivLZ ne cwZwU cvV kl wbw` wkLbdj hb AwRZ nq|
10. cwZwU cvV cvkvcwk `yUv cvq PjwZ fvlvq GbwmwUwei evbvixwZ Abymib Ki iPbv KiZ ne| UKwbKvj k I cwifvlvi BsiwR eenvi KiZ cvieb| G evsjv eenvi Kij
ebxi ga BsiwR eenvi KiZ ne| Kvb cvVi AwaK Abykxjbi `iKvi nj AwZwi cv weePbv Kiv hvq: Ze m wkv_xi wbR Kwi, evwoi KvR ev cwZe`b BZvw` wnmve
MY ne|
11. wkvgi wb`kbv Abyhvqx cwZwU cvV 50 wgwbU Dcvcbvi DchvMx Ki QqwU Aavqi KvVvgvZ web KiZ ne|
12. cvywjwc:
K. dU mvBR 14 nZ ne|
L. jvBb m 1.5 nZ ne|
M. cvzwjwci mvBR 1/ 8 wWwm (20 - 30 )/ (2 - 32 ) ne|
N. KUU Gwiqv (8.5 5.75 ) / (9.5 6.25 ) nZ ne|
O. KUU Pvi is Gi nZ ne|
P. Qwe, gvc I P eenvi KiZ ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 254
 wkvg
z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ
beg-`kg kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 255

 1. f~wgKv
evsjv`k Kgc 45wU z` bMvx emevm Ki| G z` bMvxi cZKi iqQ mg Ges ewPgq fvlv I mswZ| evsjv`ki z` bMvxi ga PvKgv, gvigv,
wcyiv, eg, PvK, Lywg cfwZ cveZ PMvg; muvIZvj, IuivI, gvnvwj, gvnvZv, cvnvb cfwZ Die; Mviv, nvRs, KvP cfwZ gqgbwmsn Ges Lvwm, gwbcyix, cv cfwZ
wmjU Aj evm Ki| G`i mevi mswZ Avgv`i `kK mvswZK ewP mg& KiQ|
evsjv`ki z` bMvxi mvgvwRK I mvswZK Rxeb Ges Zv`i fvlv welq Avgv`i aviYv I cviwiK Rvbvkvbvi cwiwa chv bq| Gme z` bMvxi fvlv I
mswZK jvjb, Zvi weKvk Ges PPv wbwZ Kiv, wkvi mcmviY, Rxebhvvi gvbvbqbmn wewfb welqi w`K j ivLvi g~j `vwqZ ivi| GKB m G`ki
msLvMwi evOvwj I Ab mKj bMvxi ga cviwiK mxwZ I mnv` Mo Zvjvi `vwqZ Avgv`i mKji|
evsjv`ki fvlv I mswZi h ewP Ges HK iqQ Zvi gjeb NUvZ nj G`ki wewfb bMvxi fvlv I mswZ Ges Rxeb hvcb welq cviwiK aviYv
_vKv cqvRb| GiRb cvwZvwbKfve wkY Riwi| ZvB mvswZK I mvgvwRK wfbZvK Abyaveb Ges G`ki wewfb bMvxi mswZ I fvlv mK aviYv `Iqvi
welqwUK RvZxq wkvbxwZZ iZ `Iqv nqQ| Gmei cwZ j iLB z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ welq wkvg cYqbi D`vM MnY Kiv nqQ|
Avgiv Avkv KiZ cvwi, G welq wkv MnYi gvag wkv_xiv G`ki z` bMvxi fvlv I mvswZK ewP Abyaveb Ki mKj RvwZmvi cwZ BwZevPK gbvfve
mb nq Mo DVe|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 256

2. Dk
1. evsjv`ki z` bMvxi fvlv I mvwnZi mv_ cwiwPZ nIqv Ges Gmei cwZ `wfwi Dbqb mvab|
2. evsjv`ki wewfb bMvxi kvixwiK MVbewP I eskMwZ mK vbjvf Ges cviwiK mxwZ mymsnZ Kiv|
3. z` bMvxi fvwlK wecbZv Abyaveb Ki Zv`i fvlv-mvwnZ Dbqb I msiYi Dcvq Abymvb KiZ mg_ nIqv|
4. iv eevq z` bMvxi bvMwiK AwaKvi I gvbevwaKvi cwiwwZ Abyaveb Ges mswk AvBb I wewfb msvi f~wgKvi mv_ cwiwPZ nIqv|
5. z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZi Ici wekvqbi cfve eySZ cviv|
6. z` bMvxi cwiwPwZ, mvswZK wecbZvi KviY I cvwKZv Dcjw KiZ cviv|
7. z` bMvxi `vwi` cwiwwZ, mvg_i weKvk Ges mvgvwRK bvqi f~wgKv mK mPZbZv ARb|
8. `ki z` bMvx AaywlZ Aj Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve m `yhvM I SuywK Abyaveb Ges SuywK gvKvejvq mP nIqv|
9. z` bMvxi Dbqbi cwZeKZv I Dbqb mvebv welq AeMZ nIqv Ges RvZxq msnwZ I Dbqb Dy nIqv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 257

3. Aavq webvm Ges wcwiqW eb
Aavqi bvg wcwiqW msLv

c_g Aavq evsjv`ki z` bMvxi AvZcwiPq 30

wZxq Aavq evsjv`ki z` bMvxi kvixwiK ewk Ges eskMwZ msiY mswZ 25
ZZxq Aavq evsjv`ki z` bMvxi fvlv I mvwnZ 30
PZz_ Aavq mvgvwRK bvqi wfwZ `vwi` wegvPb 25
cg Aavq wekvqb I z` bMvxi mswZ 25
l Aavq `yhvM eevcbv, Rjevqy cwieZb I z` bMvx 25
mg Aavq y` bMvx I evsjv`ki iv eev 26
Ag Aavq z` bMvxi Dbqb 30

RvZxq wkvg 2012 258

 4. wkvg QK
beg-`kg kwY

RvZxq wkvg 2012 259

c_g Aavq : evsjv`ki z` bMvxi AvZcwiPq (30 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. HwZnvwmK cwZ mswZ I evsjv`ki z` bMvxi mvgvwRK wbgvYi aviYv mK mvgvwRK I mvswZK
bMvxi cwiwPwZi mK AvZcwiPq ckviwfwK AvjvPbv ZvwjKvi mwVKZv g~jvqb wewQbZvK W. AgZ
eYbv KiZ cvie| mswZ I bMvxi cwiwPwZ kwYi /evwoi KvR : mbi mvg_ Ges
2. z` bMvxi cwiwPwZi o HwZnvwmK cUf~wg mvgvwRK wbgvYi Dcv`vbmg~ni cvcZvi bxwZZ
mvgvwRK wbgvY evLv KiZ DcwZ eZv g~jvqb
o mvgvwRK wbgvY ZvwjKv cZ AvjvPbv Kiv|
cvie| (Construction)
3. z` bMvxi cwiwPwZi VIPP KvW eenvi Ki
o cwiwPwZ I AvZPZbv
wfwZ AvZPZbvi weKvk AvZPZbvi weKvk mnvqK
bMvx`i ga AvtmK Dcv`vb hgb- cvkvK, ag,
weklY KiZ cvie| o RbwgwZK
4. RbwgwZK w`K _K fvlv, kvixwiK MVbewk,
o cwZwZv I Lv`vfvm, msMxZ, Drme
evsjv`ki bMvxi Avt wg_vRxweZvi (symbiosis)
mK eYbv KiZ cvie| BZvw` welq DcwZ eZvi
mK AvqvRb
5. wewfb bMvxi ga
ivRbwZK AjwfwK evsjv`ki y`
cwZwZv I wg_vRxweZvi
(symbiosis) mKi A_bwZK bMvxi RbwgwZK wefvRb
mvswZK gvbwP icw`q Dcvcb
ivRbwZK, A_bwZK I QK c~iYi mwVKZv g~jvqb
mvswZK w`K evLv KiZ o mvswZK Av`vb c`vbi kwYi KvR : QK c~iY
cvie| mK AvtmK
6. bMvxmg~ni mvswZK wkv
Av`vb-c`vbi (Interaction) ^v
mK g~jvqb KiZ cvie| kg evRvi
7. cvwKZvi aviYv eYbv KiZ Rvi
cvie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 260

c_g Aavq : evsjv`ki z` bMvxi AvZcwiPq (30 wcwiqW ) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv

8. cvwKZvi wewfb w`K evLv z` bMvxi cvwKZv QK c~iY : QK c~iYi mwVKZv

KiZ cvie| (Marginalization) mvswZK Av`vb-
g~jvqb|
9. z` bMvxi eZgvb cwiwwZ c`vb
o A_bwZK I ivRbwZK
weevn
wewQbZv, mZv I cvwKZv Drme
mgxfebi AvjvK weklY o mvgvwRK I mvswZK Ljvayjv
KiZ cvie| cvwKZv kwYwebvmi mwVKZv
10. wbevwPZ z` bMvxi o fvlvi cvwKZv g~jvqb Kiv|
cwiwPwZ, cvwKZv I o bvix`i cvwKZv
mgxfebi cKwZ wPwZ
KiZ cvie|

gbvcwkR wewQbZv, mZv I mgxfeb wbPi cvwKZvi NUbvmg~ni

11. z` bMvxi cvwKZvi muvIZvj bMvxi RvwZZvwK weeiY kwYwebvm Kiv :
eZgvb cwiwwZi PvU Ab fvUvwaKvi nvivbv, wbevPb cv_x muvIZvj bMvxi
Ki Zv c`kb KiZ cvie| nZ bv cviv, Rwgi gvwjKvbv cvwKZv I mgxfebi
nvivbv, gvZfvlvq wkvjvf bv mwVK ic wPwZ Kiv|
KiZ cviv, g~jab MVbi AwaKvi
_K ewZ nIqv|

weZK Abyvb :
m`i gvwjKvbv nvivbvi
AveMxq
KviYB evsjv`ki muvIZvj
12. z` bMvxi wewQbZv I
bMvx RvwZmveva Ges
cvwKZv Abyaveb Ki Zv
AvZcwiPq nvivQ|
cwZiva Dy ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 261

wZxq Aavq : evsjv`ki z` bMvxi kvixwiK ewk Ges eskMwZ msiY mswZ (25 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. z` bMvxi kvixwiK MVb I evsjv`ki z` bMvxi bMvxi `wnK MVb ewki PvU wbic gvbe cwigvcKi wRb ZvwK `wKvY
weKvki BwZnvm eYbv KiZ kvixwiK ewk Ges cZ Ki Dcvcb Kiv AvjvK wbR`i _K z` bMvxi
cvie| eskMwZ msiY mswZ cwigvcK wbMvqW gvjqW KKkqW AjqW cwigvci mwVKZv kvixwiK MVb I
2. evsjv`ki wewfb y` bMvxi o z` bMvxi kvixwiK
kdvwjK
m~PK g~jvqb weKvki BwZnvm eYbv
eskMwZ eYbv KiZ cvie| MVbi BwZnvm I bvwmKv Kiv|
3. z` bMvxi kvixwiK MVb I weKvk
m~PK
wRbi Drcw I cevn
DPZv
ewk evLv KiZ cvie| o y` bMvxi eskMwZi wKfve weevn c_vi
4. z` bMvxi eskMwZi cwiwPwZ aviYv bvKi is
gvag msiwZ nq Zv
Ges Gi DivwaKvi eYbv KiZ o y` bMvxi kvixwiK ii Mc AvjvPbv Kiv|
cvie| MVb I ewk kwYi KvR :
5. z` bMvxi eskMwZi msiY o y` bMvxi MVb wkv_xiv 4wU gvbe `ji `wnK MVb
mswZi cfve weklY KiZ ewki DivwaKvi ewki wewfb cwigvcKi wecixZ c`
cvie| o eskMwZ msiY Mo gvbi mv_ Zzjbv Ki K Kvb gvbe
6. wbevwPZ z` bMvxi wbR wbR msw Z
mswZ PPvi gvag eskMwZ `ji Af y Zv wbYq Kie
y` bMvxi
msiYi Dcvq eYbv KiZ Avtweevn I Avt mswZ wKfve eskMwZ msiY Ki Zv
cvie| cRbb Qwe/wP wKsev eve D`vniY w`q AvjvPbv PvU Abi
wbevwPZ y` Kiv mwVKZv g~jvqb
kwYi/evwoi KvR : Kiv|
bMvxi (v )
gbvcwkR evsjv`ki GKwU z` bMvxi eskMwZi PvU
Avt weevn I
7. evsjv`ki wbevwPZ GKwU z` Ab Kiv wbevwPZ (v)
AvtcRbbi
bMvxi Avtweevn I bMvxi mvswZK
weeiY v z` bMvxi Rxebavivi Qwe/wP c`kb
AvtcRbbi esk avivi PvU c_v Zv`i `wnK
Kiv
Ab KiZ cvie| ^vZ wKfve
msiY KiQ |
AveMxq
8. evsjv`ki wewfb bMvxi cwZ
mxwZi gbvfve c`kb Dy
ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 262
ZZxq Aavq : evsjv`ki z` bMvxi fvlv I mvwnZ (30 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. evsjv`ki cavb 4wU fvlv cwievifz evsjv`ki z` bMvxi fvlv I mvwnZ evsjv`ki z` bMvxmg~nK 4wU cavb GKwU z` bMvxi evsjv`k Ges
iZc~Y y` bMvxi fvlvi cwiPq z` bMvxi fvlv Ges fvlv cwievi fvlv cwievi web Ki cwZwU z` mv_ Aci GKwU z` `wY I
eYbv KiZ cvie| K. B`v-BDivcxq (PvKgv, bMvxi fvlv Ges fvlvi cwiwPwZg~jK bMvxi fvwlK `wYc~e Gwkqvi
2. ej cPwjZ kvewj/evK wewfb mv`wi, wezwcqv ev gwbcyix) PvU c`kb, ckvi I AvjvPbv Kiv| ewki mv`k I gvbwP c`kb
fvlvq Abyev` KiZ cvie| L. Av-GwkqvwUK z` bMvxi ^ ^ fvlvq eeZ ej emv`k wbq wjwLZ I Ki cavb 4wU
3. z` bMvxi fvlvi cwieZbi aviYv (muvIZvj,Lvwm) cPwjZ k Ges evKi Abyev` wbq gwLK ckvi| fvlv cwievii
eYbv KiZ cvie| M. `vweoxq (KouL (evsjvq icvi) ckviwfwK AvjvPbv Afy z`
4. z` bMvxi fvlvi cwieZbi N. wZeZx-ewg (gvigv/ivLvBb, QK c~iY : bMvxi
KviYmg~n evLv KiZ cvie| KKeviK ev wcyiv, gvw` ev emevmi
z` bMvxi fvlvq Abyev`
5. fvwlK wecbZvi aviYv eYbv KiZ Mviv, gZq , cvvvb) k/evK PvKgv muvIZvj KzouL gvigv vbmg~n eYbv
cvie| fvlvq Kiv|
z` bMvxi fvlvi cwieZb
6. z` bMvxi wecbcvq fvlvi ZvwjKv QK c~iYi mwVKZv BDbmKvi
o fvlv cwieZbi aviYv
cZ KiZ cvie| g~jvqb| dgIqvK Gi
o fvlv cwieZbi KviY
7. z` bMvxi jvKmvwnZ wecbZvi wfwZ fvwlK
cwqv eYbv KiZ cvie| z` bMvxi wecb fvlv I mvwnZ
o fvwlK wecbZvi aviYv gvZfvlvq cv_wgK wkvjvfi gvagB wecbZvi aviYv,
8. fvlv msiY gvZfvlvq cv_wgK ewk I
o z` bMvxi wecbcvq fvlvi fvlv msiY meG cvebvi Dci
wkvjvfi iZ weklY KiZ AvwjK
weeiY (wLqvs, cvsLvqv, Lvqv, weZKi AvqvRb Kiv|
cvie| cwiwwZ (`wY
Lywg, gyv, KzuoL cfwZ)
9. IivI bMvxi fvlv msiY mv`wi gvZfvlvq cv_wgK Gwkqv) Dcvcb
fvlvq cv_wgK wkv`vb Kvhgi o z` bMvxi wecb mvwnZ (jvK fvwlK wecbZvi eve NUbvi/Qwe/wP wkvjvfi iZi Kiv|
f~wgKv g~jvqb KiZ cvie| mvwnZ) Dcvcb I AvjvPbv ZvwjKv Zwi Kiv|
gbvcwkR z` bMvxi fvlv msiY kwYi KvR (GKK) :
10. vbxqfve z` bMvxi wecb fvlv o gvZfvlvq z` bMvxi cv_wgK QK c~iY :
Abymvb Ges cwZe`b cZ KiZ wkvjvfi iZ z` bMvxi bvg wecbcvq fvlv I mvwnZ
cvie| o wbevwPZ z` bMvxi (IivI)
AveMxq gvZfvlvq cv_wgK wkv Kvhg
11. GK Abi fvlv mK RvbZ AvMnx QK c~iYi mwVKZv
ne| g~jvqb Kiv|
12. z` bMvxi fvlv I mvwnZ msiY
Dy ne|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 263
PZz_ Aavq : mvgvwRK bvqi wfwZ `vwi` wegvPb (25 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. mvgvwRK bvqi aviYv Ges Gi mvgvwRK bvqi wfwZ `vwi` mvgvwRK bvqi 4wU g~jbxwZ eei mwVKZv `vwi` mwKZ
wewfb w`K eYbv KiZ cvie| wegvPb AvjvPbv I ckvi| g~jvqb wciwgW Dcvcb
2. mvgvwRK bvqi webvm evLv mvgvwRK bvqi aviYv kwYi KvR : VIPP KvW eenvi `vwi` Ges mvg_ I
KiZ cvie| o A_bwZK bvqi aviYv Ki DcwZ eZv cwiPvjbv Kiv| ebv cvebv AvjvK
3. mvgvwRK bvqi g~jbxwZmg~n o mvgvwRK bvqi webvm z` bMvxi `vwi`i
weklY KiZ cvie| `vwi`i aviYv wcivwgW c`kb Kiv
o mvgvwRK bvqi g~jbxwZ kwYi KvR (GKK) : `vwi`i `vwi` cwigvci KviY evLv Kiv|
4. `vwi`i aviYv eYbv KiZ cvie cwZ wbevPbi
bvqcivqYZv aviYv wcivwgW _K `vwi` Pvwn`vwfwK Ges
5. evsjv`ki z` bMvx mgvR mwVKZv g~jvqb
AwaKvi mvg_Kw`K cvebvi
`vwi`i KviYmg~n wPwZ KiZ cwigvci mwVK cwZ wbevPb
AwfMgZv ev Zzjbvg~jK AvjvPbv
cvie| Kiv|
cekvwaKvi _K A_bwZK bvq
6. cvcZv, mvg_/mgZv I `vwi`i
AskMnY AjwfwK z` bMvxi `vwi` ckvii gvag Ges mvgvwRK bvqi
mK weklY KiZ cvie| cwiwwZi Z_ Dcv wKsev c-
`vwi` I z` bMvx g~jvqb aviYv evLv Kiv|
7. `vwi` wegvPb mvgvwRK bvqi cwKvq cKvwkZ cwZe`b
f~wgKv evLv KiZ cvie| o `vwi`i aviYv
o z` bMvx mgvR `vwi`i Dcvcb I AvjvPbv Kiv|
8. z` bMvxi Dbqb I mswZi KvR : AjwfwK
weKvki mK weklY KiZ KviYmg~n
o cvcZv, mvg_ I `vwi` (cvnvwo/mgZj) `vwi`i g~jKviY
cvie|
9. Kvb wekl z` bMvxi mgvR mvgvwRK bvq I `vwi` wPwZ Kiv|
`vwi` cwiwwZ eve NUbvi wegvPbi mK mvg_i 10wU K`xq Ges K`xq bxwZi AvjvK
AvjvK evLv KiZ cvie| o `vwi` wegvPb mvgvwRK cwZwU i D`vniY msewjZ PvU wbevwPZ z` bMvxi
AveMxq bvqi f~wgKv c`kb Ki mvg_, cvcZv-cvw I `vwi` cwiwwZ evLv
10. mvgvwRK ebv mK mPZbZv o z` bMvxi Dbqb I `vwi`i mK AvjvPbv Kiv| Kivi mgZv
mswZ weKvki mK g~jvqb|
ARb Dy ne| Dbqb I mswZi Dcv`vb QKi
z` bMvxi mgvR _K mvnvh Dcvcb I AvjvPbv Kiv|
wbevwPZ D`vniY: Dbqb I mswZi
gyv/gvn&wj/gvjcvnvox (Km hvMm~ `wLq GKwU
vwW) AbyQ`/iPbv wjLb|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 264

cg Aavq : wekvqb I z` bMvxi mswZ (25 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. wekvqbi bZvwK aviYv wekvqb I z` bMvxi mswZ KvUyb/Qwe/wP c`kb Ki Abyhvqx cfvemg~n ARb Ac`yivB c`
evLv KiZ cvie| o wekvqbi aviYv wekvqbi bZvwK aviYvi 4wU wPwZ Kivi mwVKZv g~jvqb mswZi wekvqbi
2. mswZi wekvqb eYbv KiZ o wekvqb I mswZi mK , wekvqbi mv_ mswZi Kiv| aviYv c`vb|
cvie| o wekvqb I z` bMvxi mK, mswZi Ici wekvqbi c`wkZ wP/Qwe/PvU wKsev mKj z` bMvxi Dci
3. wekvqbi mv_ mswZi mswZ cfve AvjvPbv Kiv| eve NUbv BZvw` eySZ mvaviYfve wekvqbi
mK evLv KiZ cvie| o z` bMvxi mswZi Dci kwYi KvR : cvivi `Zv g~jvqb Kiv cfve Kx Zv AvjvPbv
4. z` bMvxi mswZi Dci wekvqbi cfve 4wU wefvRb Ki mswZi Kiv| cqvRb
cZKZ cwZe`bi mwVKZv
wekvqbi cfve wPwZ KiZ o wbevwPZ z` bMvxi (cv) Ici wekvqbi cfvei ZvwjKv D`vniY^ic IuivI,
g~jvqb Kiv|
cvie| mswZi Dci wekvqbi gybWv, cv, gvnvwj,
5. Kvb wekl z` bMvxi Zwi Kiv|
cfvei weeiY gwbcyix, Mviv, wcyiv,
mswZi Dci wekvqbi wbevwPZ z` bMvxi c~ei Rxeb
PvKgv wKsev gvigv Gi
cfve weklY KiZ cvie| aviv Ges eZgvb Rxeb avivi
h KvbwUi Z_ Dcv
wP/Qwe/ PvU wKsev Km mgxY
mshvRb Kiv hZ
Dcvcb, AvjvPbv I ckvi|
cvi|
AveMxq wbR wbR mswZi Ici
6. z` bMvxi mswZi Dci BjwbKm wgwWqvi cfve wbq
wekvqbi cfve RvbZ AvMnx cwZe`b/iPbv Zwi Kiv|
ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 265

l Aavq : `yhvM eevcbv, Rjevqy cwieZb I z` bMvx (25 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. Rjevqy cwieZbi bZvwK `yhvM eevcbv, Rjevqy dv PvU G gvbyl I cwieki Rjevqy cwieZb mK gvbe cwZewkK
aviYv evLv KiZ cvie| cwieZb I z` bMvx mK `wLq Rjevqy cwieZbi ckvi | cvebvi (Human
2. mswZ I cwieki o Rjevqy cwieZbi aviYv aviYv AvjvPbv Kiv| Ecological Approach)
cviwiK mK eYbv KiZ o mswZ I cwieki mswZ I cwieki mK `wLq AvjvK gvbyl I
cvie| mK Kvbv eve NUbv, KgKv cwieki mK
3. wewfb cwZewkK (Ecological o z` bMvxi Rxebhvvq Dcvcb I AvjvPbv| `wLq Rjevqyi
region) Aj Rjevqy `yhvM I Rjevqy cwieZbi cwieZbi aviYvwU
kwYi KvR (GKK/`jMZ) : kwYi KvRi mwVKZv
cwieZb m `yhvMi cfve cwieki Ici bMivqb, ewbab, g~jvqb Kiv| evLv Kiv|
wec`vcbZv I SzuwK weklY cveZ Aj SuywK eevcbv gWjmn
cvnvo KvUv, Ryg Pvl, BUi fvUv,
KiZ cvie| wec`vcbZv I SzuwK wec`vcbZvi I SuywK
4. Rjevqy cwieZb m `yhvMi wKUbvkK I ivmvqwbK mvii
ei` Aj nvmi aviYv evLv
wec`vcbZv I SzuwK ckgb eenvi BZvw` KgKvi cfve
wec`vcbZv I SuywK Kiv|
vbxq I jvKR vbi iZ mgy` DcKzjeZx wPwZ Kiv| `yhvMi c~evfvl
evLv KiZ cvie| Aj wec`vcbZv I SzuwK eevcbv gWj c`kb Ki mwKZ jvKR aviYv
5. z` bMvxi SzuwK nvm I SuywK wec`vbZv I SzuwKi aviYv AvjvPbv Ges `yhvMi mv_ Lvc
evsjv`ki gvbwP Ab
AwfhvRbi eZgvb ebvceY Aj Kiv| LvIqvbv Dcvqmg~n
Ki `yhvM G SzuwKc~Y
Kvhgi ZvwjKv Zwi KiZ wec`vcbZv I SuywK kwYi KvR : evLv Kiv|
cwZewkK Ajmg~n
cvie| z` bMvxi AwfhvRb wewfb cwZewkK Aj m Kvbv
o wPwZ Kiv| wmwWGgwc, wWGgwe,
6. Kvb wekl z` bMvxi vbxq I jvKRvb wekl `yhvM wec`vcbZv I SzuwK cwiek Awa`ii
Rxebhvvi Dci `yhvM I z` bMvxi SuywK nvm I
o wPwZ Kiv| Kvhg msc
Rjevqyi cfve weklY KiZ AwfhvRb eZgvb Kvhg
`yhvMi c~evfvl mwKZ jvKR `yhvM gvKvejvq vbxq Dcvcb Kiv|
cvie| o wbevwPZ z` bMvxi
aviYv D`vniYmn AvjvPbv| jvKR vb wKfve eeZ
(gvigv/ivLvBb) Rxebhvv nq ?
gbvcwkR kwYi KvR (GKK/`jxq ) :
Ges `yhvM I Rjevqyi
7. gvbwP AsKb Ki SzuwKc~Y `yhvM gvKvejvq mnvqK vbxq
cwieZb
Aj wPwZ Ges Dcvcb jvKR vb msMn I ZvwjKv Zwi|
KiZ cvie| `yhvM-G SuywK nvm I AwfhvRb
wWGgwe, wmwWGgwc, cwiek
Awa`ii Kvhgi ZvwjKv
Dcvcb, AvjvPbv I ckvi|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 266
l Aavq : `yhvM eevcbv, Rjevqy cwieZb I z` bMvx (25 wcwiqW ) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv

ZwiKZ ZvwjKvi mwVKZv

kwYi KvR : g~jvqb
`yhvMi SzuwK nvm I AwfhvRb QK c~iY :
MnxZ vbxq Kvhgi ZvwjKv Zwi `yhvM ckgb vbxqfve
Kvb GKwU wekl z` bMvxi cw qv msNwVZ `yhvMi
bvg
`yhvM wec`vcbZv I SzuwKi Km nvm (Readuce)
mgxY Dcvcb I AvjvPbv Kiv vbvi(Transfer)
wiUbkb
ckgb
(Mitigation)

RvZxq wkvg 2012 267

mg Aavq : y` bMvx I evsjv`ki iv eev (26 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. bZvwK `wKvY _K RvwZ I y` bMvx I evsjv`ki iv bZvwK `wKvY _K RvwZ I iv kwY/evwoi KvR ivRbwZK bwevbi
ivi aviYv evLv KiZ eev wbq ckviwfwK AvjvPbv Kiv| g~jvqb Kiv| `wZ RvwZ I ivi
cvie| o RvwZ I ivi aviYv kwY/evwoi KvR : aviYv Dcvcb Kiv|
2. evsjv`k cRvZ z` bMvxi o bvMwiKZ I z` bMvx RvwZ I iv MVb mswZi cfve z` bMvxi f~wg iv,
bvMwiKZi cKwZ eYbv KiZ o AvBb I z` bMvxi wPwZ Kiv| bvMwiK AwaKvi
cvie| bvMwiK AwaKvi ckvii mwVKZv mwKZ msweavwbK
ivxq cvcU z` bMvxi bvMwiKZ
3. evsjv`k z` bMvxi bvMwiK f~wg iv AvBb I f~wg g~jvqb Kiv| weavb I miKvi KZK
wbq AvjvPbv I ckvi|
AwaKvi mswk wewfb AvBb I AwaKvi cYxZ AvBbmg~ni
kwY Afxv :
wewa weavb eYbv KiZ cvie| wekl bvMwiK AwaKvi mvimsc Dcvcb|
z` bMvxi bvMwiKZ jvfi Dcvq
4. evsjv`k ivxq AvBb z` bMvxi c_vMZ eYbv Kiv| RvwZmsNi gvbevwaKvi
evevqb cwiwwZ I AvBb Ges ivxq AvBb QK c~iYi mwVKZv mb` _K Avw`evmx
gvbevwaKvi evLv KiZ o ivxq AvBbi evevqb I z` bMvxi f~wg AwaKvi mswk AvBb g~jvqb| msv AvRvwZK
cvie| gvbevwaKvi I wewa weavb (AjwfwK) cYqbi
AvBbi iZc~Y Ask
5. z` bMvxi gvbevwaKvi o z` bMvxi gvbevwaKvi Dk Ges iZc~Y aviv Dcvcb I
DjL Kiv|
msiY AvRvwZK AvBbi msiY AvRvwZK AvBb AvjvPbv Kiv|
iZc~Y aviv DjL KiZ /msvmg~n kwYi KvR :
cvie| o wbevwPZ z` bMvxi QK c~iY :
6. z` bMvxi gvbevwaKvi f~wgi AwaKvi
(Lvwm) gvbevwaKvi cveZ Aj ei` Aj
msiY AvRvwZK msv h_v- cwiwwZ (Km mgxY) 1. 1.
BDGbwWwc Ges Gvgbw 2. 2.
BUvibvkbvj Gi f~wgKv eYbv
KiZ cvie| bvMwiK wnme y` bMvxi wekl ZwiKZ ZvwjKvi
7. evsjv`k RvwZ iv z` AwaKvii mg~n wPwZ Ki mwVKZv g~jvqb|
bMvxi Aevb eYbv KiZ ZvwjKv Zwi|
cvie|
c_vMZ AvBb I ivxq AvBbi iZ
8. wbevwPZ z` bMvxi
Ges cqvMi mg~n AvjvPbv Kiv|
gvbevwaKvi cwiwwZ g~jvqb
KiZ cvie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 268

mg Aavq : y` bMvx I evsjv`ki iv eev (26 wcwiqW ) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv

AveMxq kwYi KvR (`jMZ) : kwY Afxv/evwoi KvR

9. gvbevwaKvi msiY MnxZ c_vMZ AvBbi m ivxq AvBbi g~jvqb Kiv|
wewfb Kvhg AskMnY KiZ mK wbYq|
AvMnx ne| kwY Afxv/evwoi KvR :
y` bMvxi c_vMZ AvBbi mv_
ivxq AvBbi g~j cv_K wPwZ
Kiv|
kwYi wjwLZ KvRi
gvbevwaKvi wbq ckviwfwK mwVKZv g~jvqb|
AvjvPbv Kiv| gvbevwaKvi mswk
ivxq AvBbi wekl aviv PvU
c`kb|
kwYi KvR :
Kvb wekl bMvxi Z_
Dcv/Km mgxY chvjvPbv Ki
gvbevwaKvi msv AvBbi
evevqb cwiwwZ g~jvqb Ki
AbyQ`/cwZe`b wjLb|
evsjv`k gvbevwaKvi msiY
BDGbwWwc Ges Gvgbw
BUvibvkbvj KZK MnxZ
Kvhgi wfwWI wP/Qwe/PvU
c`kb Kiv|
kwYi/evwoi KvR : ZvwjKv ewYZ
BDGbwWwc/Gvgbw BUvibvkbvji myweavmg~ni mwVKZv
vbxq chvq MnxZ gvbevwaKvi msv g~jvqb Kiv|
Kvb wekl Kvhg wPwZ Ki Zv
_K cv myweavmg~ni ZvwjKv Zwi
Kiv|
RvZxq wkvg 2012 269
Ag Aavq : z` bMvxi Dbqb (30 wcwiqW )
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv
eywexq
1. Dbqbi bZvwK aviYv eYbv z` bMvxi Dbqb mvswZK Dcv`vbmg~ni ZvwjKv wjwLZ wKsev gwLK mswZKw`K Dbqbi
KiZ cvie| o Dbqbi aviYv (Identity c`kb Ki Gme Dcv`vbi mv_ ckvi| aviYv c`vb|
2. z` bMvxi Dbqb MnxZ based, social justice and Dbqbi mK AvjvPbv Kiv| RvwZMZ cwiwPwZi
wewfb Kvhg (wkv, cultural aspects) mgZj Ges cveZ Dfq Aji z` wfwZ z` bMvxi
cqtwbvkb, ^v, mswZ, o z` bMvxi wewfb Dbqb bMvxi Dbqb MnxZ Kvhgi DcvwcZ hywi h_v_Zv Dbqbi mvebv evLv
Rvi) evLv KiZ cvie| Kvhg wfwWI wP/Qwe/PvU c`kb Ges g~jvqb Kiv| Kiv|
3. z` bMvxi Dbqbi mvebvgq o z` bMvxi Dbqbi ckvi| K^i (Voice)I
mg~n (f~wg/eb, wkv, (f~wg/eb, wkv, chUb) kwYi KvR (GKK/`jMZ) : DPvKvvq bMvxi
chUb) wPwZ KiZ cvie| o z` bMvxi Dbqb vbxq z` bMvx/bMvxi mswZ Aevb evLv Kiv |
4. z` bMvxi Dbqb cwZeKZv cwZeKZv weKvk mnvqK/cwZeK Dbqb
weklY KiZ cvie| mvsweavwbK ^xKwZ Kvhg wPwZ Ki hyw Dcvcb
5. Kvb wekl z` bMvxi Dbqb f~wgi AwaKvi nvivbv
mvebv g~jvqb KiZ cvie| Kiv|
gvZfvlvq wkv LvZ wbevPb Ges Gi
6. RvZxq Dbqb KvgKv z` KvvB euva vbxq z` bMvxi Dbqb AwaK ^c hyw `wLq
bMvxi AskMnYi mg~n cwiek `~lY mvebvgq KvbwU Zv wbq cwZe`b Zwii
wPwZ KiZ cvie| eb KU DRvo Kiv weZK/DcwZ eZvi AvqvRb mwVKZv g~jvqb|
7. RvZxq msnwZ I HK ivq o wbevwPZ z` bMvxi Kiv|
mvswZK ewP Ges (Mviv) Dbqb mgmv I kwYi/evwoi KvR :
egvwKZvi iZ evLv KiZ mvebv (Km mgxY) AwaK mvebvgq LvZwU wPwZ Ki
cvie| o RvZxq Dbqb z` bMvxi Gi ^c hyw `wLq cwee`b
AskMnY Zwi Kiv| Kvb wekl Aji
RvZxq msnwZ I Dbqb AjwfwK z` bMvxi Dbqb z` bMvxi Dbqb
AveMxq
ewPi ga HK cwZeKZvmg~n wPwZ Ki cwZeKZv mK
8. RvZxq HK I msnwZ ivq
Dy ne| chvqg GZ`mwKZ Z_ Dcv wjwLZ I gwLK
Dcvcb, ckvi I AvjvPbv| ckvi|
Mviv z` bMvxi Dbqb msKU I
mvebv wbq Z_/wP/ ccvi KvwUs
c`kb|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 270

Ag Aavq : z` bMvxi Dbqb (30 wcwiqW ) Pjgvb 2
wkLbdj welqe wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv g~jvqb wb`kbv wekl jLK wb`kbv

kwYi/evwoi KvR : kwY/evwoi KvR

vbxq Kvbv z` bMvxi Dbqb g~jvqb Kiv
mvebv wjwce Kiv
z` bMvxi mswZi cwZ Dbqb
wPvi AvekKZv Dcvcb, ckvi
Ges AvjvPbv
kwYi/evwoi KvR :
QK c~iY :
wbevwPZ z` bMvx mvswZK ewP
PvKgv 1. wbevwPZ z` bMvxi
gvigv 2.
muvIZvj 3.
mvswZK ^vZi
mwVKZv g~jvqb Kiv

RvZxq wkvg 2012 271

RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, 69-70, gwZwSj evwYwRK GjvKv, XvKv1000