Dynamics Tutorial II (2016-17) Answers

1 a)   3/2
dy
1+
v dx
x =  2 
P d y 
 
 dx 2 
d z
1
3/2
L = 1 + 16x 2
4
So, at x = 0 = 0. 25 m.
Since the dip is shallow, we may reasonably
dz b) The normal acceleration of the particle is there-
assume that dx << 1 and thereby write the
magnitude of the curvature as: v2 (5)2
fore: a n = = 0.25 = 100 m/s2
1  d 2 z 
 
= c) The path exerts a force
 dx 2  F = m a n = 10 100 = 1 KN on it in the
v2 direction normal to the path.
The normal acceleration is so: ,
  
2
 2 2x
a n = v 2d cos )
L L
2 3 a) In 10 s the aircraft changes heading by 30 ,


This has the maximum magnitude 2d L
which occurs at x = 0, L2 and L. hence the averge angular velocity over this
interval is:
b) The jerk is:
/6
da n da ds = = rad/s.
= n 10 60
dt ds dt
v = 900 km/h 250 m/s; now v = , hence
d (1/)
3 = v
= 25060
= 4. 77 103 m. This is the
=v
ds
radius of curvature of the path of the aircraft.
v3 d
= 2 b) The centripetal acceleration is
ds
v2 2
an = = 13. 1 m/s = 1. 33g. Hence the force
At the lip of the pothole, such as at P, there is
exerted on the passenger due to the centripetal
a sudden change of curvature from a finite in
acceleration is 1. 33 mg.
the dip to of the level road, implying
d
that ds there. This is where the jerk is
largest. Also, since the jerk varies as the cube
N = mg
of v , it increases very rapidly with v . R

m v 2 /
2 a) The speed is constant at 5 m/s, hence the tan-
Since the path is in the horizontal plane, so is
gential acceleration is zero. From the given
this force. The reaction N from the "real"
data, x = 2y 2 . Therefore:
weight of the passenger is equal to mg, verti-
dy d 2y cally upward. The resultant force on the pas-
= 4x , =4
dx dx 2 senger is then R = 1. 67mg. Hence the passen-
Hence the radius of curvature is: ger feels 67% heavier during the turn.
4) This is how the configuration evolves with time: The component of a childs velocity towards M
is always v r = v (here v = 4 m/s). The initial
2
100
distance OM was
2
m. Hence the time taken
for the child to reach M from its initial position
100
is T =
2
42 25 s.

Let r (t) be the distance of a child from M at

time t. Then:
dr v
= vr =
dt 2
d v v
= =
dt r 2r
Therefore:

Since the speed of each child along the edge of dr dr /dt v / 2
the instantaneous square is always the same, in = = = r
d d /dt v / 2r
each time interval the child moves a fixed dis-
This is an ODE, so:
tance along the edge of this square. At the end
of this time interval, then, the children stand at dr r
= d ==> ln = + 0
the vertices of a smaller, slightly rotated, r r0
square. 100
Now, r 0 = = 70. 7 m; and 0 = . Hence:
2 4
v  

W r (t) = 70. 7e 4
v
vr is the path followed by the child.
S

The dashed-line square was the position at

t = 0, and the solid-line square is the position
at the current time t.
By symmetry, the moving points are always at
the corners of a square centred at M , albeit of
a diminishing size. Hence after a sufficient time
the points (that is, the children!) all meet at
M , the centre of the square.