THE EMERGENCE OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY Social Movements
GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY Globalization may be regarded as the latest stage of
- emerged on 1990 Capitalism - Conceptual partners: Globalization SPECIFIC CRITISM OF GLOBALIZATION Global Governance Perception of globalization as one root causes of - used primarily to refer NGOs operating internationally numerous evils: GCC AS A PARTNER IN GLOBAL Environmental damage GOVERNANCE Gap between rich and poor countries WORLD CONGRESS OF INTERNATIONAL Growing 3rd world indebtedness ASSOCIATIONS Deteriorating conditions of labour (especially - held in Brussels in 1910 women) - 132 International Nongovernmental Organizations (INGOs) represented Anti-Globalization protesters cover a range of viewpoints to see radical reforms of World Bank and LEAGUE OF NATIONS IMF, also the wanting to bring about the collapse of - some INGOS were given the right to attend and speak entire capitalist system. These called for the structural at some of the committees but not to vote adjustment of national economies to make them: ARTICLE 71 More open to trade - gave the ECOSOC the capacity to make suitable Less controlled by the government arrangements for consultation with non-governmental More privately owned organizations which are concerned with matters within its competence Create more jobs Give poorer countries greater access to foreign WORLD BANK capital and advanced technology - defined NGOs which clearly implied their possession To make companies more competitive of quasi-governance function - associated with NGOs in their activities namely: Banks mission to specific countries NAFTA (NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE Collaborated with TRANSPARENCY AGREEMENT) INTERNATIONAL on its work against corruption Agreement signed by Canada, Mexico and Incorporated with NGO environmental concerns United States creating a trilateral trade bloc in in its policy-making North America Came into force on January 1, 1994 1984 CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE a 7% of indigenous people migrated to US years product of a long-term campaign by Amnesty after the implementation of NAFTA because International and other NGOs farm price productions became very low and it provided no jobs for the farm workers. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC) NGOs also influenced ICC in improving their President Tommy Suharto international standards The second president of Indonesia 1997 TREATY BANNING ANTIPERSONNEL Came to the 1997APEC Conference in LANDMINES a notable achievement which main Vancouver with bodyguards endangering the outcome was to ban landmines safety of the people. LEGITIMATION OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE Known for his crimes against humanity and - second major role: helping to legitimize global peace and the mass murdering that killed more governance than 20,000 people most of which are part of - the participation of NGOs in UN and other IGO Indonesian Communist Party activities - playing several roles on the international stage DEMONSTRATIONS (PROTESTS) equivalent to those played by national groups - Commission on Global Governance Large Scale Demonstrations - mobilize public opinion a. Estimated at no less than 40,000 protesters, dwarfed any previous demonstrations in the INSPECTION PANEL United States against a world meeting of any - established in 1994 of the organizations (World Trade - empowered to hear and investigate claims from NGOs Organization, IMF, or World Bank) and other civil society group who believe that they are or 1999 Seattle WTO Protests might be adversely affected by Bank projects a. Battle in Seattle TWO FUNCTIONS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY b. Series of protests surrounding the WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999. To make the global governance more accountable c. The negotiations were quickly and legitimate overshadowed by massive and controversial street protests outside Washington State Advocacy Networks Convention and Trade Center, in what became the 2nd phase of anti-globalization Global Action movement in United States. 50 Years is Enough (US network for Global Demonstrations in Washington Economic Justice) a. After the Seattle WTO protests, demonstrations took place in Washington, CRITIQUES OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY Prague, Florence and elsewhere, with one Civil Society remains largely a phenomenon protester killed by police at Genoa in July associated with wealthier Northern States and 2001. the poorer South (provides only 20% of NGOs) Zapatistas Northern NGOs may have self-interested a. Zapatista Army of National Liberalism b. Revolutionary leftist political and militant motives for keeping the South NGOs group based in Chiapas, the southernmost subordinate: a claim that they might be state of Mexico jeopardized if there was a stronger South-based c. Was seen by some analysts as a forerunner transnational Civil Society of the wider anti-globalization movement Difficulties of the global human rights agenda dominated by Western NGOs which may lack ORGANISED ACTIVITS COALITION sensitivity towards and understanding different Their work is carried out via internet. They spread the cultures evil-doings of IGOs and their coming demonstrations