Muhammad Fawwaz Bin Mohd Zulkifli

24185
Laminar, ReL < 2*10^5
TUBE BANKS Turbulent, ReT > 2*10^6
TEMPERATURE FILM Find properties from
IN-LINE Tf=(Te+Ti)/2 table (water & air)
Vmax=ST(Vavg)/(ST-D)
Calculate maximum EXTERNAL FORCE
Velocity CONVECTION
STAGGERED Q=hAs(Ts-T )
Vmax=ST(Vavg)/2(SD-D)
Calculate temperature
film NUSSELT NUMBER
The transition from
Tf=(Te-Ti)/2 Nu=hLc/k
Use appropriate laminar to turbulent flow
correlation for Nu based
on arrangement and
Enhancement of
range of Re number Calculate Re number heat transfer
Re=Vmax(D)/v convection
CONVECTION HEAT REYNOLDS NUMBER
TRANSFER Re=VLc/v
Calculate h from
correlation Nu INTERNAL FORCE RAYLEIGH NUMBER
CONVECTION Ra L=g(Ts-T )(Lc^3)Pr/v^2

Calculate Q
Laminar, ReL < 2300 Same as Re number function
Q=hAs(Tlm) NATURAL CONVECTION
GENERAL Turbulent, ReT > 10000 but in natural convection
THERMAL ANALYSIS
Identify Properties from Table PRANDTL NUMBER
Tlm= As=NDL using Tf Pr=Cp/k
(Ts-Te)-(Ts-Ti)/ Qs=Constant Ts=Constant
ln((Ts-Te)/(Ts-Ti)) Q=mCp(Te-Ti) Q=mCp(Te-Ti)
Identify RaL
Te=Ti+(qsAs/mCp) Q=hAsTlm
Te=Ts-(Ts-Ti) exp(-hAs/ Pr>1
FULL DEVELOP mCp) Thermal boundary layer is thinner than
Nu=4.36 (qs Constant) Use appropriate velocity boundary layer
Nu=3.66 (Ts Constant) DEVELOPING Molecular diffusivity of heat dominates
correlation for
LAMINAR Identify Properties from Table Nu= hence heat convection is very effective
Nu to Find h
Identify thermal using Tf & Type of Flow (Re 3.66+(0.065(D/L)RePr/ and determine
DEVELOPING
entry region, Lt Number) 1+0.04[(D/L)RePr)^2/3 the rate heat
Nu= Pr<1
Lt=0.05RePrD Laminar or Turbulent transfer,Q
3.66+(0.065(D/L)RePr/ Thermal boundary layer is thicker than
1+0.04[(D/L)RePr)^2/3 FULL DEVELOP velocity boundary layer
Nu=0.023(Re)^0.8Pr^n Molecular diffusivity of momentum
TURBULENT n=0.4(heating) or dominates hence heat convection is very
Use appropriate Identify thermal 0.3(cooling) low
correlation for Nu to Find entry region, Lt
h and determine the rate Lt=10D
heat transfer,Q