Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CRISIS
GROUP MEMBERS:
1. UMER USMANI
2. KHUDA BUX QAZI
3. SAQUIB HUSSAIN
4. MAHAM ANJUM
5. ANAMTA
6. MOHSIN KHAN
7. MANSOOR ALI KHAN
8. MUZAMMIL SABIR
9. FAROOQ NASIR
Table of contents:
OBJECTIVE2.1
ABSTRACT2.2
INTRODUCTION..2.3
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND...2.4
PRESENT SITUATION OF CRISIS2.5
ELECTRICITY GENERATION ..2.6
HYDEL GENERATION..2.7
THERMAL GENERATION2.8
NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION ..2.9
RENEWABLE ENERGY .3.0
SOLAR ENERGY.3.1
WIND ENERGY3.2
BIOMASS ENERGY3.3
CONCLUSION..3.4
REFRENCES.3.5
TABLES AND FIGURES..3.6
DISCUSSIONS.3.7
2.1 Objective
This report will give perspective about our topic Electricity crisis and also
we are trying defining the crisis which is happening in our country
2.2 Abstract
2.3 ITRODUCTION
The electricity Pakistan is presently facing a serious energy crisis. Despite
strong economic growth during the past decade and consequent rising
demand for energy, no worthwhile steps have been taken to install new
capacity for generation of the required energy sources. Now, the demand
exceeds supply and hence load-shedding is a common phenomenon
through frequent power shutdowns. Pakistan needs about
14000-15000MW electricity per day, and the demand is likely to rise to
approximately 20,000 MW per day by 2010. Presently, it can produce
about 11, 500 MW per day and thus there is a shortfall of about 3000-
4000MW per day. This shortage is badly affecting industry, commerce
and daily life of people.
All possible measures need to be adopted, i.e., to conserve energy at all
levels, and use all available sources to enhance production of energy. It
seems that the government is considering importing energy from Iran and
Central Asian Republics and using indigenous sources, such as, hydel,
coal, waste, wind, and solar power, as well as other alternate and
renewable energy sources, besides nuclear power plants for production of
energy. Needless to say that if the country wishes to continue its economic
development and improve the quality of life of its people, it has to make
serious efforts towards framing a coherent energy policy.
Energy crisis is the most burning issue that is facing by the whole world
now a days. It is the one of the basic requirement of economic
development and an adequate standard for living. The demand in the
electrical energy demands in a country is proportional to the growth in the
population. If this demand is not met with the supply, energy crisis is
produced. Pakistan has been facing an unprecedented energy crisis since
last many years. This problem becomes more severe in summer and as a
result shortage of electricity is faced 8 to 10 hours in urban areas while 16
to 18 hours in rural areas. The above mentioned circumstances are due to
lake of management and planning. Any power system has three major
parts- generation system, Transmission System and Distribution System.
The main technical causes of the shortfall in the ability of energy crisis in
Pakistan are
1. Insufficient installed generating capacity
2. Transmission system unable to transmit the load imposed
3. Grid stations and related equipment unable to carry the load
imposed
4. Substantial distribution system of power supply
After the first five years of its operation by 1964-65, the electricity
generation capability rose to 636 MW from 119 MW in 1959, and power
generation to about 2,500 MKWH from 781 MKWH. At the inception of
WAPDA, the number of electrified villages in the country was 609 which
were increased to 1882 villages (688,000 consumers) by the year 1965.
The rapid progress witnessed a new life to the social, technical and
economic structures of the country. Mechanized agriculture started,
industrialization picked up and general living standards improved.
The task of accelerating the pace of power development picked up speed
and by the year 1970, the generating capability rose from 636 MW to 1331
MW with installation of a number of thermal and hydel power units. In the
year 1980 the system capacity touched 3,000 MW which rapidly rose to
over 7,000 MW in 1990-91.
On June 30 2008, the total generation capacity from WAPDAs own hydel
and thermal sources plus generation from two nuclear power plants, KESC
and Independent Power Procedures (IPPs) stood at 19,420 MW.
2.5 Present Situation of Crisis
At Present, less then 45% of Pakistans population has no access to
electricity. The nation is currently facing a 5000 MW power supply
shortage - the most severe energy crisis to ever hit the country . The
occurrence of prolonged and frequent power outages has had a negative
impact on industry operation, the economy and the livelihood of citizens in
general. While the energy shortage continues to grow, abundant
indigenous sustainable energy resources such as wind, solar and biomass
remain virtually untapped. The government attempted to promote the
adoption of renewable energy technologies (RETs) in 2006 by
implementing its first renewable energy policy. However, this policy has
had limited success and faces a number of challenges. These policy
challenges must be clearly identified and addressed in order to pave the
way forward for a sustainable energy future in Pakistan.
PUBLIC MW %age
SECTOR
WAPDA 6444 33
GENCOs 4834 25
PAEC 462 2
Sub-total 11740 60
PRIVATE
SECTOR
IPPs 6185 31
KESC 1756 9
Sub-Total 7941 40
Dependable Growth
9% 15% 9% 11% 10% 8% 8%
Capability Rate
Demand Growth
7% 9% 8% 8% 9% 8% 7%
Rate
Surplus/
-3586 -2876 324 1147 4066 4031 5087
Deficits
Station/Projects Capacity
(MW)
Chasnupp-2 300
Total 54711
Table 5 Run of River Projects with their Feasibility Status
Basho 28 Completed
Harpo 28 Completed
Phandar 80 Completed
Naltr 32 Completed
Kohala 60 Completed
Lawi 65 In Hand
Total 10331
Table 6 Installed
Power Generation
Capacity (June 30 2008)
TYPE MW %
Table 7 Electric
Power Generation
from Nuclear Power
Plants (June 30 2011)
Power stations
Total 775
Table 8 Renewable Energy Resources of Pakistan
Wind 0. 346 Million MW
FAROOQ NASIR:
In my opinion Pakistan has so many natural resources and
seventh atomic power nation of the world but unluckily due to
bad politicians Pakistan is suffering from load shedding. In big
cities like Karachi there is seven to eight hours of load shedding
where as in small villages there is 15 to 16 hours. Over one forty
million either have no access to the electricity of or suffer over
12 hours of load shedding daily. Business man has been forced
to shut down their business.
UMER USMANI:
In my point of view every single person wants to know the
reason for the electricity crisis in Pakistan. Pakistan is absent
from the lacking capitals of the petroleum gas and coal that is
also giving rise to the short of electricity. Pakistan has to meet
the industrial as well as home needs then they have to pay their
80% of the attention in the production of the electricity. Over the
years load shedding is fixed 12 hours a day to industries and 8
or 10 hours to local people.
KHUDA BUX QAZI:
In my opinion the electricity crisis is one of the main cause of
brain drain in the country just because of less jobs and brilliant
students are migrating to other countries for sake of their better
future. The industries are packing up and shifted to other
countries, after the entire question arises that how this problem
can be solved? Is that by using solar energy and electric fan? All
these ways are too expensive and impossible for the poor
people and even for our country is not in position to bear such
expenses. The simplest and cheapest way is to produce
electricity by the garbage and using gases in the production of
other goods.
MAHAM ANJUM:
In my opinion Pakistan facing energy crisis is the part of social
economic and political development there is impact of our
businesses and stock market lots of person they lost their jobs.
Pakistan energy production plant are not fulfill the country
requirement effectively it has not relaying on the electricity
productions dams. Pakistan has not enough dams or water to
generate electricity. Government of Pakistan is responsible for
this economical energy crisis they make dams to store water to
generate electricity.