ELECTRICITY

THALES OF MILETUS (600 BCE)

- Investigated the ability of Electric Current

Amber to attract nearby objects
when rubbed with a piece of
cloth.
- Amber is made of fossilized
resin of coniferous tree.
WILLIAM GILBERT (1600)
- Coined the term
ELECTRICITY
which came from elektron
greek word of Amber
- He said that many other
materials when rubbed against
another material exhibit the
same ability of amber.
LODESTONE
- now known as MAGNETITE or
MAGNETIZED IRON CORE
- it can attract iron without even
rubbing
Electric Current (I) is defined as the
quantity of charge passing through a
given point per unit time.
In symbols,
I= q
t
Its SI unit is ampere (A). Thus, a
current of one ampere constitutes a
flow of one coulomb of charge in one
second.
1 A = 1 C/s
Constant value of electron in 1
coulomb
q (charge) = -1.6 x 10 ^ -19 or 1.6 x
10 ^ -19
Sample Problem:

MAGNETISM How many electrons constitute a

-ability to attract iron current of 1A in one second?

MAGNETS Given: I = 1A
-materials having this property t = 1s
Solution:

Reminders: Use EXP instead of

The Nature of Charges typing x10^-4 in the calculator!

STUDY OF ELECTRIC CHARGES: I= q

1. Electrostatics studies the t
phenomena associated with charged q = (I) (t)
particles = (1A)(1S)
2. Electrodynamics involve moving = 1C
charges Therefore, the number of electrons in
1C of charge is
number of electrons = 1C
 Formula: sum of charges before
-1.6x10^-19C interaction = sum of charges
after interaction
= 6.25 x 10^18
- 3.0 C + 2.0 C = 2 q
q = -0.5C
Change in the charge of Sphere B =
The Law of -0.5C 2.0C = -2.5C
Therefore, the number of electrons
Conservation of Sphere B received from Sphere A is:
number of electrons = - 2.5 C
Charges -1.6x10-19C
by Benjamin Franklin
=
- electric charge can neither be 1.5625x1019
created nor destroyed
- the sum of charges before and
after interaction must be Coulumbs Law
constant
- Objects with like charges REPEL
Object that gained electron = each other
negatively charged - Objects with unlike charges
Object that lose electron = ATTRACT each other
positively charged

Constant value of electron in 1

coulomb
q (charge) = -1.6 x 10 ^ -19 or 1.6 x
10 ^ -19

Sample problem:
Sphere A and B have charges of -3.0 C
and +2.0 C, respectively. How many
electrons must be transferred from
Sphere A to Sphere B for them to have Consider two stationary charged
equal charges? particles separated by a distance (d)
or (r).
Given:QA = -3.0C
QB = +2.0C

Solution: Let q be the final charge of

each sphere after the electrons
have been transferred using
conversation of charges.
 F = 150

Electric Field
Surrounding a charge is a region of
space where an electric field is said
to exist. When another charge is
placed in this space, the charge would
experience an electric force.

Use 9x10^9 as standard value of K E= F

q0
Sample problem:
E is Electric Field, F is the Force, q0 is
Two spheres having charges q1 = 3 x
the test charge
10^-4 C and q2 = -5 x 10^-4 C,
respectively, are separated by a The Electric Field at a point is
distance of 3.0 m in empty space. Find defined as the force that would be
the magnitude of the force that either experienced by a unit positive test
charge exerts on the other. What kind charge.
of force would this be?
A sphere of charge 3.0 x 10^-6 C is
placed in a uniform electric field of
150 000 N/C that points North. What
Given : q1 = 3 x 10^-4 C are the magnitude and direction of the
q2 = -5 x 10^-4 C force on the sphere?
d = 3.0 m
Given: E = 150 000 N/C
Reminders: Use EXP instead of
q0 = 3.0x10^-6C
typing x10^-4 in the calculator!
Solution:
Solution: From the definition of Electric Field,
F = (9x10^9) [ |3 x 10^-4 C| |-5 x Formula:
10^-4 C|] E= F
3^2 q0
F = (9x10^9) [ (3 x 10^-4 C) (-5 x F = Eq0
10^-4 C)] F = (150 000 N/C) (3.0x10^-6C)
9 F = 0.45 N, directed to the North
F = (9x10^9) (1.5x10-07)
9
F = (9x10^9) (1.66x10^-08)