This book is accompanied by. COMAARROM ERi Cambridge English Cc 1 ONE WEEK LOAN ‘UNIVERSITY PRESSCAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ‘Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, ‘Singapore, $a0 Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press ‘The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK wwweambridge org, Information on this ttle: www.cambridge.org/9781107401976 ‘© Cambridge University Press 2012 ‘This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the writen permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2012 Printed in China by Golden Cup Printing Co, Ltd A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978.0-521-17948-5 Student’s Book with Answers with CD-ROM ISBN 978-0-521-17949-2 Student’s Book without Answers with CD-ROM ISBN 978-0-521-18516-5 Teacher's Book ISBN 978.0521-17950-8 Class Audio CDs (2) ISBN 978-0521-17953-9 Student's Book Pack (Student's Book with Answers with CD-ROM and Class Audio CDs (2)) ISBN 978-1 107-40197-6 Workbook with Answers with Audio CD ISBN 978-1 107-40196.9 Workbook without Answers with Audio CD (Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel ‘timetables and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter,® Contents Map of the units 4 1 Starting somewhere new 6 2 It's good for yout 2 3 Getting the message across 18 4 New media 24 5 The world in our hands 30 6 Making money, spending money 36 7 Relationships 42 8 Fashion and design 48 Recording seript sa Answer key 6L Acknowledgements 67 Contents @)Map of the units Unittitle 1 Starting somewhere new Gn Reading Section 1: Mir euture kids + True/ False / Notgiven + Table completion fen Listesing Section 1: Conductiog a survey + Formeompletn + Multiple choine 2 W's good for yout Reacing Section 2: What do you know about the food you eat? + Matching headings * Pick rom a list Listening Section 2: A welcome talk + Multiple choice + Labeling # map o° a pian 3 Getting the message across ‘4 New media Reading Section 3: Strict English + Yes/NO / Not given + Summary completion witha box + Multiple choice Reading Section 1: ls constentuse of electron ‘media changing our mnas? + True / False / Not given * Note completion + Short-answor questions Listening Section 3: A student tutorial + Pics om a ist + Matching + Short-answer questions Listening Section 4: A tak on blogging + Sentence completion + Flowchart completion '5 The world in our hands Reading Section 2: Russia's bareal fests an td grasses could combat climate change * Matching information Matchirg features + Summary completion Listening Section 1: Finding out abext ervironmental projects + Note completion + Table completion ‘6 Making money, spending money Reading Section 1: Movers and shakers * Labeling a diagram + True / False / Not given + Flow-chart completion Listening Soetion 2: A talk about vending ‘machnes + Matching + Labeting a diagram 7 Relationships Reading Section 2: Establishing your birthrights + Matching headings + Matching features + Sentence completion Listering Section 3: A student discussion ebouta presentation + Multinle choice + Flow-chert completion 8 Fashion and design Reading Section & Making a essis the height of fashion + Multiple ckoiee + Yes/No/ Net given + Matching sentence encings Listening Section 4: A lecture on the History of jeans + Sertenes completionCitar Writing Task 1 + Selecting imporiantinformaton * Planning an answer Teens + Problem or trouble? + Atiector effect? + Percentor percentage + Key vocabulary anne ‘Making comparisons ‘Writing Task 2: A task with two questions * Analysing the task + Organising idoas into paragraphs + Using inking words Word formation + Key vocabulary ‘Countable and uncountable nouns ‘Woting Task 1 + Summarising trenes in graphe and ‘abies + Teach, lean or stud)? + Find outor know? + Study-feated vocabulary + Key vocabulary + Tenses: past simple, present pertect simple and present perfect continuous + Prepositions ntime phrases and phrases describing tends Writing Task 2: To what extent doyou aaree or disagree? * Cause, factor and reascn + Internet-related vocabulary * However altrough, even though an an the other hand + Answering the question + Key vocabulary + Articles + Choosing relovantinformation + Using tinkers: Wening Task 1 + Nature, the environment or the The passive + Summarsing a diagram countryside? Anelysing the task + Tourstor sours? + Writing in paragraphs + Key vocabulary * Ordering information * Using sequencers Whiting Task 2: Agreeing end disagreeing * Introducing and linking ideas in paragraphs * Constructing the middle paragraphs of an essay * Verb + todo/ verb + doing + Words connected with finance + Words connected with shops and shopping + Key vocabulary Relaive pronouns end relative causes Writing Task 1 + Analysing simierites and ferences in charts / graphs + Using reference devices * Words elated to feelings and attitudes + Agets)/ aged age group + Key ocabulary + Reference devices + Zero, festand second concitionsls ‘Writing Task 2: Disevesing two opinions * notuding your own opinion + troducing ether people's opinions + Conctucing paragraphs + Drass (uncountable) / dress (es) (Countable) / ciomnes / ofan + Key vocabulary “Time conjunetione: until) bafore/ when? ater ‘Map of the units G)Starting somewhere new Listening Section 1 Questions 6-10 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. 6 What does the man say about public transport? A. He doesn't like using it. B He seldom uses it. © He has stopped using it, 7 What does the man say about sport in the city? A Some facilities are better than others. B He intends to do more of it in the future. @ Look at the second task, Question 6-10. What do © Someone recommended a place to him all of the questions focus on? Circle A, B or C. before he came. A how often the man does various things 8 What does the man say about entertainment? B a particular aspect of life in the city © planned Ehanges in the Sty A He doesn’t have much time for it, B There is a very wide range of it. @ @ Now listen and answer Questions 1-10. € Itis the best aspect of life in the city. ee 9. What does the man say about litter? ss the bm inn peri eso tho te ual epeee Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR pk enone Hone ebyut the problem. hen cicak come | © His home town has more of it. I TNIFRTIEW URIS GF ORIEET: | 10 a does the man say about crime in the Age group: BB | A The police deal with it very efficiently. B itis something that worries him, | © Hedoesn't know how much of it there is. |_| Length of time living in city: |_| Previous home: 2 | SS | | Occupation: 3 Area of city: Bowe Postcode: 5Vocabulary Problem or trouble? @ Complete these questions with problem or trouble. 1 What has been the main had in adapting to a new country? 2. Have you had. communicating with people? 3 Ifyou havea have you got someone who will help you? 4 Have you got into something you didn’t understand? 5 Isthe language a for you? you have because of Affect or effect? @ Complete these questions with the correct form of affect or effect. 1. Have the people you've met had an on you? Does the weather how you feel? 3. Has being away from your friends and family you more than you expected? 4 What have been the main in a new country? 5 What the place? of living you the most - the people or Percent or percentage © Students Book unit 1, pts © Complete these sentences about emigration from a country with percent or percentage. 1 The persextage. of people planning to emigrate rose last year. 2 Only a small permanently. 3 The planning short-term emigration was higher last year than this year. 4. There was a rise of three number of people planning to leave. 5. Last year, four of people said that they were thinking of emigrating, 6 This year, 73 _...of people emigrating did so for reasons of employment. planned to live abroad in the Key vocabulary © Complete the sentences below with the words in the box. There are two words which do not fit into any of the gaps. accusiomed adjusting customs seek surroundings values process. maite's sense relerring evidence _—_ stages Moving to a new country © Being in unfamiliar (1) svremédings can make you feel lonely. -e to a new life is a difficult @) - You probably go through several @ before you start to feel comfortable. + Iican be hard to understand how to deal with financial (5) because the system is 80 8 In the 1930s, the clothes became more popular because people saw characters i own | wearing them. 9 In the 1940s, people in other countries saw the clothes being worn by... the U.S. 10 In the 1950s, teenagers called the clothes fromVocabulary Dress (uncountable) / dresses (countable) / clothes / cloth @ Circle the correct option in each of these sentences. 1 My grandmother made my clothes / cloth when I was a child ‘She always cut the clothes / cloth very carefully. 2 Dress / Dresses for this event will be informal. 3. She doesn’t have great interest in clothes / dress and fashior general. 4 She didr’'t take enough dress / dresses on the trip with her. 5 The teacher got some cloth / dress and showed the children how to make a rabbit from it 6 ‘The weather isn’t warm enough for summer cloth / dresses, Key vocabulary @ Complete the sentences below, then use the words to complete this crossword. rr Iz F iF fe r ie Across 4A is a kind of material or cloth. 5 Mn. is an item of clothing. 6 clothes are informal. 7 li something is + itis very very old. BA is a kind of cloth made by weaving Down 1 The of something are how it started. 2. If something is, , there is nothing like it. 3A is a picture of a person, especially the person's hhead/face, 4 If something is... , it might easily break and must be treated carefully. © Complete the sentences below with the words in the box. There are two words which do not fit into any of the gaps. celebrity’ functional conservation performance dezorative —repeir contemporary fewre produced preserve 1 This jumper has a very big hole in it and you won't be able to PPR a it, 2 During her fashion course, she compared clothes with clothes from the past. 3 The best way to . these clothes is to keep them out of the light. 4 These clothes are all by hand and that’s why they take a long time to make. 5 She always wanted to be famous and attract attention from the media, so she was, very happy when she became a A 6 These clothes are very and can be worn both for work and social occasions. 7 He gave a wonderful in the film and the critics said he was a 8 The clothes made by this company have a design on the front of them, fashion and desien @)Writing Task 2 © Read the following Wr ing task. Write bout the following topic: Some people say that the clothes people wear are the most important indication of witat they are like. Others, however, say that people should not be judged by the clothes they wear. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience. Below are three essay plans that candidates made for this question. Which two of the essay plans are suitable? Why are they suitable and why is the other essay plan not suitable? A Paragraph 1: introduction ~ importance of the latest fashions to people today, especially the young why people want to follow the latest fashions ~ celebrities, advertising, etc, result - people all over the world wearing the same clothes, loss of national identity through wearing of different clothes conclusion ~ people shouldn't copy each other's clothes, should express their own individuality through what they wear Paragraph 2: Paragraph 3: Paragraph 4: B Paragraph 1: introduction ~ people often judge others by the clothes they wear + example examples of when it is right to judge people by the clothes they wear, e.g. at work other things that indicate what people are like ~ not clothes but behaviour, the way they speak, ete. conclusion ~ why it’s not always right to judge people by the clothes they wear Paragraph Paragraph 3: Paragraph 4: Paragraph 1: introduction - people who wear clothes to impress others / people who don't do this Paragraph 2: importance of clothes worn for work ~ the impression they give Paragraph 3: clothes not worn at werk ~ fashions among the young and the impression they want to give Paragraph 4: my opinion: clothes for work and impression they give important, outside work not important and can't judge people from what they wear What mast you mention in your answer? Write Yes or No. ‘A aconirast between past and present attitudes to clothes B the connection between clothes and opinions of people © current fashions in clothes D contrasting views on the importance of clothes E clothes worn by famous people F a personal view on the importance of clothes G clothes worn in different parts of the world H the kind of clothes you like to wear @ Which of these candidate's notes about topic areas, for the answer are relevant to the task and which are not? Write Yes or No. more important things than clothes clothes and advertising teenage fashions when clothes are important cost of fashionable clothes clothes and image work clothes how fashions start @ Now write your answer for the Writing task above. mo-umoam>Grammar ‘Time conjunctions: until/before/when/after @ Make sentences by matching 1-6 with A-F. I want to buy a new coat T'm going to get changed 1 until I really need one. 2 3 4. Pll decide whether to buy this or not 5 6 Ce before | go out. when I find one I really like, when I've repaired it. aiter I've tried it on. moO > Ican wear this jumper again ‘I'm not going to buy a new suit F until "ve washed it. @ Correct the underlined words if necessary. Put a tick (/) above the words if they are correct. bay ‘Make sure it suits you before you'll buy it. ‘She won’t be happy until she's found something new to wear. ‘When Lgo shopping | don’t like trying on lots of clothes, ‘When people will get a bit older, they change the kind of clothes they wear. Aiter 've bought some new trousers, I'm going to go home. When I've paid for these clothes, I won't have any money left. I'm going to keep looking until I'm finding something 1 like. You should repair the jumper before that hole will get bigger. ‘When ['ve got changed, I'll be ready to go out. 10 I won't buy any clothes until Liried them on. © Complete the sentences below with the words in the box. get INewor) Ivechosen wash I've had vefound fm Heeaved leave | throw. weeranewne I won't be able to buy that dress until ..'e_saved.. some money, 2 When nin ollege, I'l have to buy some smart clothes for work. 3. after. ‘which shirt to wear, I'll get ready to go out. 4 When a shower, I'll put on my new clothes. 5. Ill buy some new swimming trunks when 2 on holiday. 6 These new shoes will fee] more comfortable when them a few times. 7 Before these jeans away, I'l try to repair them. 8 When athe receipt, Ill take these clothes back to the shop. 9. Lwon't wear this suit again until... - married next month, 10 Til check the instructions before... this jumper in the machine, Fashion and design, @)Recording script Unit 1 rack You wit hear an interviewer ashing a member of te puble fr hie views o7 te city ‘Fist you have some time to ok at Questons 1-8, You wil se that there isan example that has been done fer you On this occasion ‘niy. the conversation relting to this wl be played fst Interviewer Helb, were conducting a survey aboutwhat people. think ofthis ety. | wonder, would you mind answering 2 few questions? Man —fminebitofa hurry, 1 Wel, itwont take long just a couple of minutes of your time — 'M_ Wal, OK, but Ihaven't been living here forlong, eo | might not be able to answer some of your questions 1 Thats nat aprotiem, werelookna fer vews froma rarge of people Could Ijust get afew details frer> M O,I guess: 1 Wel test ofa. whieh age group do you fim? 18 t0 28, 2610, 34,3910 50 Mm 28,.c0 that’s the middle one of those, what Wasi, 25 ta 342 1 Yes. MOK that's me The man is aged 28 and in the 25 0 34 age greup, 02510 34 has een vnitten in te space. ‘Nox ive shal begin, You should enswer the questions as you listen 85 ou wl ok ay the recording a Second tie. 1 Helo. were condhcting# survey about what peopl think of ths city. | wonder, would you mind answoring afew questions? M tminabitofatury. 1) Wel ition’ take long justa couple of minutes of your time M_ Wel. OX. but haven't been ving here for long, sot might beable o answer some of your Guestons. 1 Thats nota problem, wee locking for ve fron 8 range of people. Could Ijust get afew details first? Ok. guess. Well rst of ll, which age croup do you ft nto? 18t0 24, 2510 34, 3510 50. [MI 23, sothat’s the middle one of those, what was it, 25t03¢? Yes. OK, that’s me ‘Ard how long have you been ving in thie ety? M_ ve only been here for three weeks and its my ft experience ofthis county at al ve comehore towerken asi month ‘contract. 1 Right soit’ all prety new for you? M_ Yes, Fmstil geting used toi. ® Conpleererrs sons 5-08 1 Right So, whore dd you lve proviousye M_ IinfromNewZealand tied there all mylife bafere| came to Britain 1 Oh,realy21 haven't met anybody ese from your country before, M_ No? Wel, tee are afew of ushere. 1 OK petheps il meet some more while doing wis. Now, the ‘eat cueston is ‘oecypetien' ~ did. you say you came here for work? Mes, that's right.1'm alawyor: My frm has sent™me here to gain ‘some experience of practising law in an intemational content. 'S0,tim here to leam realy. 1 Sounds vary interesting ‘M_ Yes.t'm already leorning alot Things are very different here from back at home 1 Now. whatarea ofthe ctyare youtiving in? ‘M._imin anapariment in Waterfall Rcad, thats n Coundon. 1h, OK ets see, tows that spelt, C-O-U-N-D-O-N, thats ‘ight, SAK? Its O-Natthe end, rot EN, sritit? ML Yoo, thate right. 1 And your postcode ifyou can remember ust the frst part will. M That'scv26, 1 OK thanks. Pause 1 Now | went to.ack you for your views.on various aspects of living here. Fist of al, puble-wanspoc. Is the pubic transport system adequate for you? M__ Mim wollte hord to say, When Ive used i &’sbeen fine, but 1 don't use ial that often, | cle to work every day and thats ‘usualy how I get aroundin my free time, too. So, Im not sure | Ccan.comment really on that partcula issue, 1 Noimprovements to suggest:hen? M_ No, dorit have enough experience todo thet. OK now sports fiitias Do you do much sport? ‘Yes, do.it's ny main interest outside work and Ive got no ciitcsms there, As soon as | arrived joined a cricket lib - frend backhone whe'd vad herofor a while told me about it~ ‘and ive madelots of fiends there elready. 1 Apart rom that. doy think there are enough facilities? 'M_ Yes, asf as |can see, |use the pubtc swimming pool ‘eaulaty. ve found some very good tennis courts and the fitness centre s fine, ta0, Ie besn ate to carry.on doing allthe ‘sport 'm used to Going at nome, 1 What adcut entertanment? Isths adequately provided oristhe city acking n something?IM Wel comng froma prety smal tn, [ve teen amazed at ‘what’ on oferhere, Tne ere so mary tingsto chocse rom inthe eveningsand at weekends | dri hink i have time to Qo ereryaheret' ke o whet here. Ivelreay been to some excelent cestasranis, Ive ben tothe cineraa few tines, vs boen tal sorts of places, There seem tobe loodsaf thos tode. 1 What about cleanness aniter? Do you have any views on that 1M. Wal tobe hones, Ive been prety surprised about tht. Store came, for some reason ha the mpression thatit would bea prety city pace. cetanly compere with wherein from Youknow. wes expecting a ccouded city with eter and fublbch al oer tho place, and sure thereis comer and it ould al bes bt deene, but actly its nota albed in thet respect 1) OK now, what about cme and the poles force? Wha re your views on that aspect a ifein ths cy? M_ Wl havent been here lbng encugh io form much ota view. ‘Acoleanue at work had hercar broken nto ard somethnas sole, and sie reported to the poicebutihere wasnt much they could do shout t parttrom give her acrme nuber ‘20th ahe could slam on her urance.| dont knew how orinion tha orto thing iste. Nothing's hepperedto ‘es fay, that ab | can say Perhaps ve just been cay or Peshaps cnme sit «mer probly don't know Butihere’s cme everywhere, istthere. all over the world and inthe courtside as well a cites 1 OK. wel vegeta teiniomaion need for the survey end Ie tckedtne nght bones. Thanks for takigthe te 19 answer the question, M_ No problen, Unit 2 sack You wil hear a speaker jtodvcng 2 conference, Fst ouhave some time to lock at Quests 1-10. Pause ‘Now fston and answer Guests 1-10. Helo, and wetcome tothe conference. As you know, it's called Health & Fitness in the Workplace, and the name speaks fr tse \We'rehereto discuss issues that can affect employees and cf Course therefore, the conparies and organisations they work for. bh planning ths programme fer this conforenco, we've taken to ‘ccountthe answers thet you gave. in our questionneires. Of Course, some ofthe sues we cover wil be more relevan.to some Of you than to thes, Dut ve think we've inclidecallthe main ones that you indicated are important to you. ‘Now, the whele subject of health an! finessin the workploce is something thet dt get much ettention not that many years ‘890. Companies and organisations focusea purely on the jobs that people were doing. and any assessment them concemed how wel they were doing ther jobs, and how their work fitted ito ‘the overall operations ofthe organisation, Anything that might be regarded ae a porsonalissue wasn't part of the cempany’s relationship with its poople it was ‘none oftheir business’ Wal, of ‘course, that'sall changed and compenies end organissions have ‘come to realise dha is people'sheaity anc finess.ere very much ther business. Anc thats notjust in tre obvious ways, such as the ‘numberof days of sick that employees ave. There are also Psycnoiogical factors, and there is considerable evidence that {ttand heathy person dbes ter jb Deter than someone wha doesn’t maintain 6 good level of health and fitness, If youre emphasising these things at your workplace, youre creating a1 atmosphere that enables you to get the very best out of your peopl ‘We're very much hoping that our programme here et the ‘conference will be bath informative and entertaining. The emphasis herais gain toe not somuch on the teary ton the prac side What canes do n your oles to pemote heath and fitness in yur workplecc? Now, some of you moy tink ure akeady doing 3 nace you can but prose youthat youve at gorgt ean Sesmetting new View go. speakers here wno are gogo el you ‘things you've never heard before and you should leave here at the. ‘end of the conference with all kinds of ideas for things you can irroduze your werkslace But weienat gong 0 be just kn to youd telingyouthings. Oneofthe creat tingsabout an event ts is thats great opportunity 10 share information, 30 in every session there will be ashe forpecble to takabout tek ovn practices and expences. ‘What intitives have worked for you ard which ones havent boon {0 s:0%0tul9We con aller ram each oer, and that one ot the ams of bis conference Pause (OK, now let's move on to some detais about the conference and ‘what wil be haopening where. Let mejustbriely tate you through the map that you'e alga in your welcome pack: Right. here on the map, weve marked athe sessions that are taking place this ‘morning, end youve ateady indicated wich anes youl each be attending For thse of you going to the session on Setting Upe Finess Gente at work, you go out ofthe Main Hal ere through ‘those coers, turn right at reception and go long the carigor 10 the Taylor Rom, which ison your lft. You'l get bts of ood advice there onthe pessbiltes and casts of « workplace fess cenire The takon Heeltly Eaung Sohernesisin he Mastin Suite. For that, you need o go out ofthis the other way, through the doors et. ‘that end, and that takes you svaight through to the Marin Sule If youte keen to tiocuce healthy eatng schemes in your canteens ‘and testaurant, orto improve ones yeive already got. youl cet lots of realy good ideas from that sesson. Now, those of you atendrig the session on Transport intatives, Youle in the Fender Room. To get there You need to.ap cutof ‘those doors het bring you cut opposite reception, tum eft and left Again irt'a corridor. The Fender Room isthe tir doer en your right. The session wil cover overything from howto ereourage ‘people to wek or cycle to work to car-shering schemes, For those of you who have staned up for he workshop on Funnina Sports Teams, tet viltakenlace inthe Gibson Suit. The whele Jssue of organising campeny teas, resrting peape fortham, ‘encouraging people to takepart inham whatever tor porting | aly, taking partin competitions ~allthat wil get coveredin te work#i0p, You find that ityeu go out ot ere, turn right Teseption and ten ght ean, thelist doo you ceme to on the leltis the Gibsen Sute. Final, youneed any mere information er have any queries while the conference's going on, youllfind mein the Conference ‘Coordinator's Cte. From here, that's to the left of Reception and along the corridor pest the Entrance Hall Ifyou keep coing along the condor. youlfind my door atthe end on your rah. Please ‘came and see mei here's eathing you waat to 33k 0 fac ou. (OK, ks getstetted | nope Mat you al enjoy Recowing serge @)Unit 3 Track You Wil rear a student talking o her tutor ebeusta piece of work she fas done. Fist you nave some time 10 look at Questions 1-10, Pause ‘Now sien and answer Questions 1-10 Tutor Fight, Beth, les have alook at your davertetion, Well | think t's pretty good pleze of work, Beth Thanks ‘Commuriceticn Skits inthe Workplace. Gocd choice of topic. Tanks "No See thet you decided 1o focus on certain sectors. ‘Yes, felt thatjobs involving interaction wah the public would be my main area, So obvious, the retal secos had tobe in thers TT Sure. Butyou didnt ust focus on the obvious ones tke that. id ‘you? B_No.| wanted to look et variety of sectors, [fet for example, ‘that banking would probably lead tothe same sort of results as retail T Andihetaboutcal centres? eam 4 B Yes, ofcourse that seered like an obvious place 1o go intl. But decded o spiead the focus away from interactions ‘nvoWing customers and the goods and services they buy. T_Seems.sensibl. Sa. that led you to the dea of tourist guides. 1B Yes, that's e very specific ea of communication, dealing wth different naionalties... T The skills involved in that are very interesting, as you dascribe them B Yes, and that led me to think about the work of translators and, incenpreters T Well that mght be the starting pontfor a whole other place of work B Yes, T Now, the research you did for thiswes generally very ‘impressive. B Thanks. T _. thougha bitmore on the academicresearch that's been done into this area would have been good. B_ Well | went more fore ‘personal approach her, rather than rehashing other peopie's work o focusing mainlyon the theories abeut how people communicate, T_Yes, and it worked wal woul have been good if you enuld hhavefilmed peonie n action and thor analysed the videos. B | know, but here were practical issues there So I settled for watching peortein actin end making nates on what they were ‘ding, and of course there were the interviews too T Yes, t's very interesting o compare what peope thinkthey te dain with the way they're actualy communicating. 1 was very struck by that espeet, Ard your amaiysis from watching people inaction was very effecive to. B_[foundit fascinating todo that. ® Complete 1.15 Bands 56.5 ‘T_Yes, that comies across it would be fastinating te get daia on) the ouicames of these interactions too, whether the desired ‘outcomes were achieved, B | knoward thet would be something I'd love toleokatif | knew how 10 go abautit. Pause T Now, looking atthe eantert of your ssertation, fet your divcion into sections waa tne right one, foousing on epecfc types of interaction in tase contexts B Thanks. T _ Now. your fest secton is on Deaing with Complaints Ths is an ‘obvious stea for something on this subject but feltthat hie ‘section had some realy orginl thinking on your part. B_Yes.| ied to janore the standard points that are sal made ‘and come up with something fresh, and my rosaorch led me in those directons. T The Collaborating with Collesques section made for interesting ‘eacing too, bt Ididn't feo that your conelusions there were ‘realy backed up by the rescarch you di 1B Oh?t fet that they were. tried to ilustrate everything wih ‘examples. Parhaps some weren' 8 relevant as other. T_Yes.| think tha’s right You made some pretty strong assertions but i wasnt sure they could be justified by the examples. B Oh, OK Butthe evidesce for my conclusionsin the hnerecting ‘with Managers section ves pretty powerful, west? T _Yes,and most ofthe research n ths gene'elarea deesn't fous, ‘or this peticularssue. think your conclusions there point 0 ‘Something that causes al sris of rouble in organisations and ‘companies but at st ghen enough attenton. B | agize Its something that raning programmes shouté be ‘covering, Dut they cori T_Nowthe Giving Instructions section was very wel put together Mthougit. B Yes, this is ne where language accuracy and coherence are the man it T_..andyou came o vety clear conctisons on that. Thisis a really effectivesection with general points stated by lots of ‘examples and a conclusion that made logieal sense. Pause T Now finaly, lets have cuicklook at your overall conchisors. OK Now youve inluded qutes bitinihe man body about Writng ‘Skils but n fac: you see Listening Skils2s being much bigger B Yes, as| say there, people con't pay enough attertion to Whetotner people say to them and ths leads toal kinds of communication problems. T And the other bigissue is Grammatical Accuracy. isrit i? B_ Well, up toa poin, but as say, mere are lts of instances: here his isless of anissue than Formal Laratace, When people are in tuations where ths s required, theyre chen ata loss and end up rot making much conse. T Yes, as you make clear Well, Beth, this is 8 Good piece of werk. Wel done B Thanks,Unit 4 Tracks You wil bea an expert hing 8 ak about Dogs an bogging. Fs ‘you have some time 100k @t Questions 1-10 Pause ‘Nove ster rc ansrer Questions 1-10, CK. 'm going to tlk todey about blogs anc biogaing, Though Fim assuming youre amiar wth what blog iit just star vith a defintion.Peshaps the simpleat definition ia tht o blog is ‘type of website inthe form of ejournal of ore sort cr encsher. Ikconssts of posts new materi, or ernies~ thatate ranged in ehronclogicalorcer, wth the most recent posta the top ofthe a Now. whet ere the typical choracteites of ablog? Wel, blogs ‘are usually writen by one person, they are usialy updated ‘egulaly and they are often, though by no means avays, abcut ‘one partiulertopic. That topic might Bethe Loggers onn ie, es ‘many blogs are personal cries. But vere are Docs on just about any tonicyou could thnkof— there are plticalblons. news blogs. blogs abouta particular hobby, etc. ee. "Nowy, most blogs are rot monologues, because they dow readers tomake ther cwn comments on what appears in the blog, orto ‘add theirovn information tot In this wey, people get into contact with eech oer. earning from eech other. shering ideas, perhaps making fiends 0: even doing business with exch othe, wherever theyarein the word. ‘Ahough blogs are very much pert ot modern it andthere re literally millons of blogs on the web the histor of blogging isa ‘pretty short one, There is some disagreement over what the fist biog was, but many people recken t was an online dary started by actudentcaled Justin Hllin 1998, Hs ste was called susins ‘Hore Page. and later cole it Links From The Underareure ‘At that point, the word ‘bog’ didnt exst. More websites lke his state t9 spring up. in he form of regulary updated online journals on vanous subjests, vith inks to other webstes and forums for pegple to contrbute ther personal opinone, ‘1997 someone called Jom Barger frst used the term Web og! to categorise tis ind of website, when ne launched his own website, ‘Robot Wado In 1999, 2 Booger called Peter Mero jokingly ‘broke this word up nto Wwe blog’ and therefore invented the tam “blog Pretty soon, everyone called the stes ‘blog’ and the people writing them blogger Pause: ‘OK. now lets move on to how to un ablog, andwnat'n goina to {do pow isto tel you what! thinks the bestapproach to workllow witha blog. Frstof al, you need to decide onthe frequency cf your blog posts. Some people do several a day, which isareatifyou can keep it up, others one a day, Once a week might be enough but the key qusation ie what the recdors of yourblog axpoct. Thay, ‘need to know when they can expect ta soe a new post onthe biog, ‘So whatever schedule you decide on, tsimpertantto stick oi, When you're going to doa post, stat by reading materi to find ‘ut what's being discussed in Fiend blogs. or in ether blags ‘elatedto the topic of yours That way you can take these things ito aceaunt o.cnsure that your blog is bang up to dete. ‘Then start composing your blag post. f youre doing ane that involves research and inks. open file for stoning the sources of ‘your iniormaticn and the inks you're going to put inthe post. Alto Consider using pictures. These can make your blog much mors attractive than one tha’ just text, Ifyou use photos from the web, make sute you cite he source in your blog. ‘Wien youve completed the post add some tags Ifyou don't have the kind of software that enables you to build them ito the post, ‘add them at he bottom, fags are realy important fr searchabiity = they can get you new readers who find your bleg viathe tags. Ifyou think this isa particulary qcod post and you're realy proud fit, announceit by sending irks to It on social networking sites, togethe: with a very bref summaty of what t'sabout. ‘Then check your blog statistics to see how many people are readingand responding to your bog. Find out who's bloaged about, ‘your post and reply to them, ane giv thems proper reply rather than just saying thanks. Aer you've doneall that. get cff your own blog and comment. ‘elsewhere. Remember thet you're not the orly person blogging and putting out new material ~ thera ere ots ofethors ding the cama ‘and you should show them some respect by giving them comments ‘and feedback on ther posts where you feels appropriate, ‘Wel that's ust some advice on being 2 good blogger Slogping's ‘obvicus'y a major thing now in the wor af electronic media and ite onybody/s guess how twill dovelop in tho future, Unit 5 Tracks You willhear a man who is interested in doing voluntary work ‘connected with the envronment talking to a woman who works for ‘anorganisiton that runs envonmentalprojects, Fs, you heve some tine to look at Questions 1-10, Pause ‘Now listen a answer Questions 1-10 Hannah Helo, ow can Ihep you? Ryan Viel ve come in Becaure | want to volunteet for ane ‘f your environmental projects. Iread something about ‘Yous arganisaon in the paper afew days agoand ‘thought fl ike to got involved. HK that sounds good. What's yourname? yan. OK. Ayan. thanks for coming in. Im Hannah. Novi let me star by teling you something about our orcanisation and then we: cen have a look ata few prejects that might eerest you, alter He found out e bt sbeutyou. A Fe. Fight, wel as you know, were called The Volunteer Agency ‘and that prety well explains wnat we do, We recut people {for awide range of projects. Alot of our work concerns. ervionmental projects and atthe moment weve got !30.000 volunteers working on these projects What sort ofenvicrmental projexts are hey? H Well for exainple ifyou wanted t go abroad, one of our big projects involves gathering nformivon thatis used for the ‘protection of manne and forest envronments. Volunteers on that do diving or colect biodiversity deta on tropical rainforest spedes. Sounds exciing. But think drather stay here, et least o start Off vith 1H OK Well herein our own country we've got abig provect ‘ined at clearing up liter in rural areas. The aim of this eto ‘get everyone invived n malcing sure their focal environment ‘lean anticy, Recording script @)Re Yes, ive seer adverts for that H__ Another projectinvolves looking after the National Cycle network, Keeping the routes safe and attacive for cyclists, ‘This i part ofa bigger sctieme concerned with developing austainable transport systems all across the courtry. A Inerestng.. H__ Now, you wane toda something inthe oty rather then the countyyside, witin cles we also lave the City Farms projects, Which voNe working witn people, plants and animals. R__ Oh, what are thoee? Are they real farms? How de they work? Weal, yes, they're real farms and theyre an example ofa project that relies moet entroly on vourteere. On other projects, you mmightbe working alongside salaried people, but with hese, timtas. everyone Is unpaid In fact, many of curprDjects have very few ifany, pad stat Yes, that's what thought. 1 Wel, do any ofthese things sound partcularly appeating to your R._ Well 25 say. wasn’ thinking of going abroad, andt'm not sure that any of those ic exactly tho cor of thing Fmirealy looking for, Scery! H_Tha'sOK. there are Ins ore things! can tell you about. sure well fad a project that's right up your strat. Res, | noveso. OK. wel jetsheve a look at # few other possiblites Pause 1 Pight. well one thing thet might sut yous sctieme called aldite Link. There are 87 branches of ths eround the county, ith over 28,000 active vointeers, andi’ invaived nal aspects of nature conservation. lis aims to pretect willie in al habitets accoss the country. Things you can do thore Include looking ater nature reserves, teking pertin community gerdening and carrying ou surveys of wilde species, Tell me, ‘fe you keen to be otdoors? Yee, | am, and that doos sound like the eort of thing I might be Feolly interestedin. H OK Well here's another project that you might ike the seund {This one’s aimee at young people. Right tel me about that one. Its calec Wicife Watch and moles orgenising orcurs for ‘young peoale, aetting them to explore end learn about their local ewronment. There ae over 300 groups ane around 150,000 mombors of those groups. As well as running these roups andi going outwith them, there fs @ need for voluteers ‘with auiinistrative skis. Is thatthe sort of thing you might tency? R_ Maybe, but|thirk fd probably prefer to be more hands-on, ‘doing physical work. OK Woll then the organisation ealed. Action Earth might be tho ‘one for you. They've gota total of £08 projects involving aver 18,000 volunteers, They dosll sorts of things, from planting {tees to constructing fences and walls end collecting lite, ther ‘aim beng to improve the local ewvFonmene in al saris of ways, How does that sound? R_ | might wellbe merested in that Complete JELTS Bands 5-6. H OK. ode il gine you some lafeis and contact formation; eno yout can have athink about tal R__ That sounds like «/good idea, Thanks. Unit 6 “rack? You wi hoare monagerina museve taking to he sa about nachines that re gong tobe putin the oulng Fs. you have Some tine 000k a QuestonS (=i. Pause Now iste ad answer Questo I-10. OK now what we need to discuss nests vending machines. Now thatthe bulging hea been completely rafurbstec, and wee going tobe ecpening, we shoul thi of what ind of machines we ‘eed, These Fave two funcons, ofcourse — they prove services ‘for visitors and they raise money. Every time someone buys Something rom the machine. we mse litle more money Wel of at acash machine seems Ikea good dea, so that People can get some money 1o spend while they're in the building, ‘andthis wil help to keep down queuesin the gift shop if everyone is paving withcarch, That conor n the ertranca hal wo thought bout pating tn onthe rot wal outside the bung but ceeded sgnnat that Now, weve alsa decided to istl'a thet machine forthe indi exhbtions nthe vareus parts of re bung. Thi wi take smo presast off the eke efse and reduce the numer ck people hanging abou inthe ene hl be sible device — Yousslect he emiiton and nen ay fritn cash orb card and itil be right next to the reception desk, with @ sign above it so thet people can clearly see it when they arrive, ‘Now the next mactne lets of people mghe rot approve ot ~@ gates mace orchicren to se. | know that the might seem like the right sort of thing to have in a museum, but @ constant complaint we get fom vators is that tharvst speed bythe Sound of bared ehidran ruining eto the corridos end shostng ‘nd general disturbhg the atrosphere ve pu accuple of these te Vitor Gene wel aay rom the Exton Has, 8 keep some of them occupied. Then there's the question of «danks maching Wel, we wan a ‘many peoples possible to buy our on food and drink inthe Cetena and restaurant but atthe sare tme vistors willwent something to dankien the regoing une the museum and are ‘at nearo either of tos places We tought good plato forthe \roud beby thefts on tofet fear ae people ou ond down fro ane exhibition to srother go couse, thar als ight at the top ofthe stars Pause Now, the last thing isthe drinks machine that we's puting ia the staff rocm, As youll bo ung this brand now state-of the ort machine pretty frequent thought I jut run through with you ‘how t works. So, here on the screen I've putup a picture of tana Fijusttel you allhowt works, Wel, i’spretty big and you may be surprised to hear thatit can slore as manyas 405 draks products, ‘0 there'libo plenty to choose from andit wen'tneo¢ refling too. reguarly. Fight. wel i's aot glass front here end behind itelthe drinks. of Course The drinks come in bottles and cans and theyre, of cout fefrigerated. Now this machine has an intersting fexturo thet lm. ‘surewil entertain you all When you've chosen end pald for your dink. the-es 3 special pid pick-up mechanism that grabs your ink and places it into the receiver, here, which iillumineted. $0 You can see your dank even fits dark in here. And that's nota.“Through the lass front you can acvallyssethe mechanism ‘Working ~ there’ a viible moving arm that gets and! delivers the dink and you can ee that happening. Now, thets nat jest to make the machine interestng tolook atwiile oue buying adrnk its ‘gota serious advantage too, What it does iso quicky and safely ove the drink wihcutit beng shaken at al So won't bubble up ‘or spillvhen you open it. [Now tothe business ofhow yau buya drink How it works is that yu choose the drink you want from the menu here end then type inthe code for thet crink yout! eee the code infront ofeach ‘dink. Then the price ofthe drink wil be displayed here and you pay frit. You can do that with cons or by card, Andyou can order ‘upto ten products a‘ atime, for example, if youre getting drinks for ‘a group of vsitorsor colleagues. So, as sy, i's the very latest n drinks machine technology and | hope youll ail be pleased to have &. Right, next fim gongto mave on to takabou.. Unit 7 Tacks You Wil hear two students taking about a presentation thatono of thean is going to give. Fis, you heve same time to fook at Questions 1-10. Pause ‘Now listen and arawer Questions )-10 Jack i Maya, how are you getting on with your presentation? ‘Maya Ch. hi Jack It's going realy wel eter slow start ‘What's itabout agon? ‘Wel, the generaltopicareais Humen Relationships and we had to chooee a specic area within that So, whathaveyou chosen? Lifeiong friendships. Interesting, Whatled you to choose that? Wel. it occurred to me that theres been alot cf research on how peoole form friendships, and even more on marriage and partnerships, butther's nat much on ths particular topie. So. ‘thought | could do somthing abit diffrent by fecusing on thie particular aspect J Sounds tke good idea. Hewhave you been doing your research? 'M_ Wet, mainly by personal contact. rsased that my paronis have ‘ums of lifelong friends, and of course, ve known them for years, So thought Fd start off by seeing whit they had to say. 4 Sounds reasonable, but that's only very small seme. itt? 'M_ Yes: ut /thought I'd collate the results from thatsmall sample ‘0 tha could compare them with more general conclusions fom researth in he avea 3 Good idea, How did you get on when you tred to get information from your subjects? M_ Wel. | started off by oivrg them a questionnaire spent quite sometime working that cut, deciding what aspects of their ‘fiendshios | wanted thom to fooue on and then I handed it out ‘wthem. J Ang? M_ Weil it id work out ioo wel Kept asking for them back end they kept saying they hadn'thad ume todo thom or hadn't quite finished them, and eventually one ortwo of them admitted that they were having reuble knowing wal to put. 3 Oh. whysthare 1M. ‘They ust coulentanalyse ther endships in that ‘cla way, ‘paper, innice, neat ite paragraphs or by ticking boxes. | realised then that theyll elt that wey, <0 hadto abandon that approach 4 What dd you do stead 'M_ Personal intervews: | adapted my questionnaire oidsat down ‘th each person and talked tothem. I got them to agr¢o 10 my. recording these interviews = that nay could fects cn the way the hterview went rather then having to write rote alte tiie and then l went through the recordings. ‘And that worked out wel? ‘Yes.| cotalthe information (needed. It was small sampe, a5 | say, but t was possible to cet some general conclusions from them about ther Heong friendships ‘And then'you compared ts wah research data? ‘Yoo, thor's note lot of thet, but | managed to loceto some ‘academicresearch in the area. ‘And how did that compare with your findinas? Rernarkablysimler actually, so my sample proved tobe pretty Fepresentative. There were one oF two disparities here and there, butin general the research | was abletolocate preity ‘much confirmed what found myself Pause Now, when you do your presertation, how have you organised ie |M_ Well obviously!ve given thet alot of thought, andthe varous stages ofthe presentation are Inkec tothe aspects | focused ‘on when | wastakirg to my subjects. So, obvicusy, start with how the friendship was fist formed. for example, how old the people were, wherethey met, how they met. thatcind of hing How wall you presert inate IM ve created a tabi, wih tne verious headings anc the. percentages of ny subjects whose fiendships sterted nthe various ways. J 0K. what comes next? [MWe I've looked atthe effects on the frendship ofvaricus developments in the trends’ nes, The ist eategorylve called ‘Change of Location. and that deals with what happens in the {fiandship ifone or ether of the friands goes to live somewhere ke. 4. What eboutif they dant cnange the place where they ve but {90 to work or study somewhere ese? 'M_ Wolk thats included in my datain that catagory, in a coupio of ‘seperaio tables. J Whet then? 'M__O& well tien, ve looked at hat happens tothe friendship. ‘when one or Doth ofthe tends get married. | gotthe subecs {to ay simply whether matiage meant that faendships got ess ‘se, closer of stayed much the same, recoding it @)How have you presented that date? That @ pie chert, (OK. What other aspects ofthe frerdlship have you fecuted on? Wall the next ene concems ‘Personalty | asked people to tick boxes for theic rien’ personality when thoy first met, ene then hhow they would Gescrive the sarne person naw. How did you compare the answers there? ‘Yea, that was tricky t0 werk out | looked for patierns of ‘change. ne finding from that wes thet many paople wha were doseribod asrolaxed’ athe begining of the friendship got Ctegorised as stressed’ right now. So, forte presentation | pieked out the most extreme changes tnat| found, not every single change. 4) Sounds interesting. Any ether categories? 'M Yes, wo more. thought «would be interesting io comgare hw much peoole had n conor i terms of poll options thar frenaship progressed over the yeas, Did tiey both ‘change them, orci oe perscn change ad itso, didths ‘cause tznsion or disagreement between them? Ive constructed another pie chert forthat 4. And the otner category? M_ Yes, |thougtt encther key area concerned whatthe people have in common and whether they continue to have those things in common. Ive catevorised this as ‘Shared interests, and Ivelooked at ary ehanges that tend to happan aver the years. One thing Ifoune, tor example, was that mers shared Passion for certain sports deesi'ichange at all aver the years, whereas ther musical tases 0, J Allsourde greet. Imsureit'l go wel when you de the presentation, M_Thanés, | hope so Units. Tack ‘You wil heer part ofa fectire abour the bistory of jeans: Fist you ‘rave some time to ook at Questions 1-10, Pause ‘Now Isten and answer Questions 1-10. (OK. today were locking at contemporary fashion toons’ es part ‘fthe medtule onthe history and development of fashicn. And ‘perhaps the best place to start wit tis iewith-a garment that ‘everytiody in the world inowe adoutand either wears or has worn jeans. ‘Now. of course. jeans are eften synonymaus with the word ‘denim’, for the material theyre mace rom, Wnere da both these terme ‘come irom? Well there int universal agreement on either of these things. but the story begns in Europe inthe 1900s, The general Dales thatthe word jeans’ comes from Genoa in aly, where sailors wore cothes made row a materal called jean. ‘The word ‘denim is generally considered to come from Franoeat ‘oughly thesame tine tis thought to have evolved tram serge de ‘Nimes, a kind of material produced inthe French town of Nines. These two fabrios were different in important ways: Denim was ‘stronger and more expensive than jezn. And denim was woven With one coloured tiread and one white thread, whi jean wae woven with two coloured threads. Complte LTS Bands 5-6-5 ‘Tostart wih he let for both ol them was a mibwure oF things. By the Neth century, however, it was made completely from cotton, ‘And it was dark blue because t was dyed vith indigo, which ‘wes taken from plants n the Americas and India Deni ard jean remained wo very cifferent fabrics and by the late 10th centuryit ‘was donim thathed emerged es the most popular and widely worn, ‘Denim was used for workers’ cles, for example, hase wom by. ‘Workers on plantations, because t was vary song and tasted for {Jong tee. Jean was used forlignter clothes. Eventually of course, the word jeans would come to be used for clothes made fom ddonim, but thats much ater. ‘Akey eventin the history ofjeans was the 1848 Gold Rush, when ‘200 was foundin California and thousands of gold miners rushed thereto find it and make ther fortunes. They wanted elothes thet wore strong and cidn‘ttear easily. Enter @ man called Strauss, He moved to California fram New York and started @ business supplying work clothes. Hs frst namie wes Leob, that’s L-E-O-B Later he changedit io Levi. ‘Now, the miners in Calfornie were experiencing a problem with their work clothes. The pockets tore away trom them very east. ‘they st werent strong enough or wel enough attached. In 1872, 4 man called Jacob Danis wrote to Strauss about an idea he'd had, ‘This was for meta rivets to bol the packets andthe rest ofthe: {garment together. ard he ofierad Strause a deal o use thieidae in the clothes he was supplying. Strauss accepted the offer and started o meke work cites with these meta fasteners, race of copper. They weren’ called jeansatths time, that term didh'tccme Into being until the 1960s - they vere sold 8s waist overalls’ and male with denim, ln 1860, irauss addeclanothe feature to these clothes, a leather label. To enpnasize how strong the garments were, ths showed pair ofthese trousers being culled between {wo horses. The ‘message vas that they were so strong that even this could not ‘cause thom to tear By the 192¢s, Because of ther reputation for toughness, Sireuss's waist o/erals weve the most widely used workers trousers in the US, ‘Now tp until the 19206, jeane were purely end emply work clothes. But Holywood changed all hat end they made vie journey to beng fashionitems. The ros of his le n tie cowboy moves of the 1¢30s. Cowboys often wore jeans in tiese movies, and ‘Arrerican men wanted to dress ie them in their free time, Atthis Point jeans area wholly American thing. The Seoond World Warin the 1940s took them abread, as Atmercan soldiers wore them when they were of duty. This introduced them tothe wider world. But ther real popularity as @ fashicn tem realy starts inthe 19500, whan they caught onswth young people. This wes becouse they becamethe synbl ofthe ‘teenage rebel. This completely new type of young person emerged in American fims and TV programmes that were enormously Popular with teenagers. Teenacers cidn't cal the clothes ‘waist ‘verals. they gave them a new neme —‘jean pants’ And pretty s00n, this got abbravated ta jeans, In the 1960s, jeans were the stendard kind of trousers worn by Students in Wester countries and they wore the top fashion iam. ‘Young people adapted them in allsorts of ways, turning then into embroidered jeans by sewing brightly coloured designs on io them, ‘nv al sorts of styles emerged, one of the main ones being flared Jeans, with bottoms that got wider and wider as they went down, Right, now tm going fo move on to lock at what jeans symbolised ‘bot in Western courisies and in non-Western couraries at that time, But fst ofall does anyone have eny questions?Answer key Unit 1 Listening on Exam tasks Lthtee /3 weeks 2 New Zealand 3 lawyer 4 Coundon SCV26 6B 7C 8B 9A 10C Vocabulary @i problem 2 trouble 3 problem 4 trouble 5 problem P@letiect 2 affect 3atected effects 5 affects / has affected © 2 percentage 3 percentage 4 percent 5 percent G percent @2 Adjusting 3 process 4 stages § matters Gaccusiomed 7 evidence 8 customs 9sense 10 seek Reading OB Exam tasks 1T 2NG 3F 4F 5NG 6T Tseelife 8 foar 9 (a) cultural clash 10 mobility 11 cross-cultural Kids / CCKs 12 diversity and identity 13 shared experience Writing @B: The chart shows what Bulgarians intended to do in 2001 and 2006. t shows how many did not intend to leave Bulgaria and the intentions of the people who were planning to leave, Not A: only some of the statistics concern emigration and so emigration isnot the main topic. Not C: most of the people in the chart were not planning to leave Bulgaria and so the main topic is not differences in the reasons why people left in those two years. 1 stay in Bulgaria 2.No intention to travel/stay abroad; short time ive abroad for a 3 Live abroad for a short time 4 stayed the same. 5 Tourists/guests/visitors, Work abroad then return @1No 2Ves 3 Yer 4No S¥es GNo @MooeL answer “The chart dhows that there were changes inthe evel of education of Bulgarian we planned to leave their country over the period 2008 10 2008. The highest category of people in all ree years was toe wih secondary education, The figore fel slightly over the three years {rom usin 200210 nin 200 and 54% 2008, Nowees the igures inte other categories changed sigafcntly There wae sharp rite inte percentage of prog wih primary or lover edvztion, from 8 in 2002 to 32% in 2008, This igure only rose byt in 2004 but in 2008 it roe corsiderably. ‘The opposite happened ith the Agures for people who had recened tigher education, vhich row sight in 20cs but her fl very shargly 1 9% in 2008 ‘The genera trend therefore, wat that the proportion of people with higher education wh planed to eave te country ll sharply, ile the proportion of peepe wth primary ard over educatan ove sharply. The percentage of people wth secondary education remained much the sme and it remained by far te highest percentage Grammar @2more demanding 3 harder 4 The most difficult Sthe most tring 6 the friendliest 7 less stressed Sfurther 9 more expensive 10 worse 11 bigger W2 faster 13 busier 14 the most exciting 15 more regularly 2 more expensive; less expensive / cheaper 3 the oldest: younger 4 better; worse 5 more slowly; faster / more quickly 6the most dificult; more dificult Unit 2 Reading Oz Exam tasks dw aix 41 Sui Gy 7H BA/E 9E/A 10B/E ME/B 12C/E 13£/C Listening Oa Exam tasks 1A 2B 3B 44 5c 6D 7H BF 9A 10C Vocabulary @2criticised 3iregular 4sunny Daily G appearance 7 happiness 8 inactive @2|