Tugas I

1) (13.47) If 100.0 mL of water is shaken with oxygen gas at 1.0 atm it will
dissolve 0.0039 g O2. Estimate the Henrys law constant for oxygen gas in

water.
2) (13.57) In an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, the concentration is 1.89 mol%
of acid. The density of the solution is 1.0645 g mL-1. Calculate the following:
(a) the molal concentration of H2SO4, (b) the mass percent of the acid, and (c)
the molarity of the solution.
3) (13.62) Benzene and toluene help achieve good engine performance from
lead-free gasoline. At 40 C, the vapor pressure of benzene is 184 torr and
that of toluene is 58 torr. Suppose you wished to prepare a solution of these
liquids that will have a total vapor pressure of 96 torr at 40 C. What must be
the mole percent concentrations of each in the solution?
4) (13.70) What are the molecular mass and molecular formula of a
nondissociating molecular compound whose empirical formula is C4H2N if
3.84 g of the compound in 0.500 kg of benzene gives a freezing point
depression of 0.307 C?
5) (13.82) A 0.118 m solution of LiCl has a freezing point of -0.415 C. What is
the vant Hoff factor for this solute at this concentration?
Tugas II:

1) (16.38) Identify the conjugate acidbase pairs in the following reactions.

(a) HNO3 + N2H4 === NO3- + N2H5+

(b) NH3 + N2H5+ === NH4+ + N2H4

(c) H2PO4- + CO32- === HPO42- + HCO3-

(d) HIO3 + HC2O4- === IO3- + H2C2O4

2) (16.45) Choose the stronger acid: (a) H3AsO4 or H3PO4; (b) H2CO3 or
HNO3; (c) H2SeO4 or HClO4. Give your reasons.

3) (16.55) Use Lewis structures to show how the following reaction involves
the transfer of a Lewis base from one Lewis acid to another. Identify the
two Lewis acids and the Lewis base.

CO32- + SO2 CO2 + SO32-

4) (16.58) In liquid SO2 as a solvent, SOCl2 reacts with Na2SO3 in a reaction

that can be classified as neutralization (acid plus base yields solvent plus
a salt). Write an equation for the reaction. Which solute is the acid and
which is the base? Describe what is happening in terms of the Lewis
definition of acids and bases.
TUGAS III

1) (15.26) Use the following equilibria:

2CH4(g) === C2H6(g) + H2(g) Kc = 9.510-13

CH4(g) + H2O(g) === CH3OH(g) + H2(g) Kc = 2.810-21

to calculate Kc for the reaction

2CH3OH(g) + H2(g) === C2H6(g) + 2H2O(g)

2) (15.35) The reaction N2O(g) + NO2(g) ==== 3NO(g) has Kc = 4.210-4 at

500 C. What is the value of Kp at this temperature?

3) (15.43) The heterogeneous reaction 2HCl(g) + I2(s) === 2HI(g) + Cl2(g) has
Kc = 1.610-34 at 25 C. Suppose 0.100 mol of HCl and solid I2 are placed
in a 1.00 L container. What will be the equilibrium concentrations of HI
and Cl2 in the container?

4) (15.51) At a certain temperature, the reaction

CO(g) + 2H2(g) === CH3OH(g) has Kc = 0.500.

If a reaction mixture at equilibrium contains 0.180 M CO and 0.220 M

H2, what is the concentration of CH3OH(g)?
TUGAS IV:

1) (17.58) A solution was prepared with 2.64 micrograms of Ba(OH)2 in 1.00

liter of water. What is the pH of the solution, and what concentration of
hydrogen ions is provided by the ionization of water?

2) (17.64) Lactic acid, HC3H5O3, is responsible for the sour taste of old milk.
At 25 C, its Ka = 1.410-4. (a) What is the Kb of its conjugate base, the
lactate ion, C3H5O3-? (b) Is its conjugate base a stronger or a weaker base
than the acetate ion?

3) (17.74) Codeine, a cough suppressant extracted from crude opium, is a

weak base with a pKb of 5.80. What will be the pH of a 0.020 M solution
of codeine? (Use Cod as a symbol for codeine.)

4) (17.80) The compound para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is a powerful sun-

screening agent whose salts were once used widely in sun tanning and
screening lotions. The parent acid, which we may symbolize as H-PABA,
is a weak acid with a pKa of 4.92 (at 25 C). What are the [H+] and pH of a
0.030 M solution of this acid?

5) (17.100) How many grams of sodium acetate, NaC2H3O2, would have to

be added to 1.0 L of 0.15 M acetic acid (pKa 4.74) to make the solution a
buffer for pH 4.00?

6) (17.109) What is the pH of a 0.20 M solution of oxalic acid, H2C2O4?

7) (17.115) The pH of a 0.10 M Na2CO3 solution is adjusted to 12.00 using a

strong base. What is the concentration of HCO3- in this solution?
TUGAS V:

1) (18.25) A student prepared a saturated solution of CaCrO4 and found

that when 156 mL of the solution was evaporated, 0.649 g of CaCrO4 was
left behind. What is the value of Ksp for this salt?

2) (18.35) At 25 C, the value of Ksp for AgCN is 6.010-17 and that for
Zn(CN)2 is 310-16. In terms of grams per 100 mL of solution, which salt is
more soluble in water?

3) (18.51) Suppose that 1.75 g of NaOH(s) is added to 250 mL of 0.10 M

NiCl2 solution. What mass, in grams, of Ni(OH)2 will be formed? What
will be the pH of the final solution? For Ni(OH)2, Ksp = 5.510-16.

4) (18.57) Would a precipitate of silver acetate form if 22.0 mL of 0.100 M

AgNO3 were added to 45.0 mL of 0.0260 M NaC2H3O2? For AgC2H3O2, Ksp
= 2.310-3.

5) (18.63) What pH would yield the maximum separation of Mn2+ from Sn2+
in a solution that is 0.010 M in Mn2+, 0.010 M in Sn2+, and saturated in
H2S? (Assume the green form of MnS in Table 18.2.)

6) (18.75) The overall formation constant for Ag(CN)2 equals 5.51018, and
the Ksp for AgCN equals 6.010-17. Calculate Kc for the following reaction:
AgCN(s) + CN-(aq) === Ag(CN)2-(aq)