March 21, 1933 1 .1. T.

VAWTER 1,902,202
CEMENT GUN NOZ ZLE

Filed Dec. 30, 1929

JoH/v . Vwrs/e

I 1 .

HTTOIBNEY
 Patented Mar. 21, 1933
1,902,202
TI

UNETEE STATES PATENT orrics 6.".

JOHN T. VAWTER, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
onmnn'r GUN vlvozzLn
Applioation?led December 30,1929. Serial No. 417,467.
This invention relates to cement gun noz cident velocity of the particles'issuing from
zles and deals with the deposition of par the nozzle ori?ce operates to reduce the re
ticles of a hydrated concrete mixture or its bound of particles from a depositing sur
equivalent upon av surface by means of air face. Accordingly, it becomes a further ob
5 pressure. In applying cement or Granite by ject of this invention to introduce into va
means of cement gun equipment, it is well cement gun nozzle an obstructing element
known that a certain amount of rebound of designed to retard the ?ow of the particles
the particles takes place as the particles are therethrough in a manner to decrease the
deposited upon the surface and ranges from velocity of the particles. I ' ' ~'
10 a small percentage of the total amount of This invention, broadly speaking, con
material conveyed, to a high percentage of templates the reduction of particle velocity
conveyed material depending largely upon by de?ectmg the particles in transit and con~_
the nature of the deposited product desired. sequently setting up a disturbance amongst;
In cases where a dense compact concrete is the particles which appreciably-reduces their
15 required, it becomes necessary to apply the velocity. An additional portion of the ve~ ' 653
particles with a high velocity in order to ob locity' of the particles is absorbed by ine?ec
tain a ramming action of the projected par tive work performed against the sectional
ticles and, consequently, a great amount of area'of the obstructing element transversev
rebound takes place. But in cases where such to the normal particle movement. It is clear
2 9 high density is not required but more nearly that by disturbing the normal ?ow of parti 101
equals the density of average hand work, the cles an agitation is set up amongst the par:
rebound of particles introduces a waste of ticles that interrupts their ?ow and there
material and a loss of time. The control of by converts a large amount of kinetic energy
rebound of particles in cement gun operation, of the particles into heat that is rapidly dis
2
5 therefore, becomes of paramount importance. sipated by the volume of air ?owing there-v
Accordingly, it becomes an object of this in through. Manifestly,therefore, the parti
vention to provide a cement gun nozzle hav clesafterpassing through such a zone of dis;
ing means therein which operates as a'deter turbance must emerge with a greatly reduced
rent against the rebounding of particles. velocity. A nozzle of the above character 80
Rebound, as it is used in this instance, may is especially adapted for work when depos
be de?ned as the reflecting of particles of iting upon a flat horizontal surface where
material from a depositing surface; the re no high degree of densi?cation is required.
?ected energy being due to the incident In the embodiment of my invention shown '
energy of each particle. This invention, and illustrated in the drawing, I have in-' 853
35 '
therefore, deals with the ballistic properties corporated- a de?ecting arrangement in the"
or incident velocity of the projected particles ori?ce of a nozzle for use in combination with
and is not primarily concerned with the the ordinary cement gun equipment.
density of deposition only in so far as the , Other objects and advantages will become
characteristics of such deposits are e?ected evident upon readingthe detailed descrip
by the speed of the impacting particles. It, tion taken in conjunction with-the drawi
therefore; becomes another object of this in ing in which - > , '

vention to provide a nozzle of the character Fig. 1 isahorizontal view partly in see;
described characterized by having elements tion; and ' ~ '
capable of altering the ballistic properties of Fig. 2 is a View taken on the line 2,2 of
the projected particles. Fig. 1. ' '
In considering the ballistics of the par In all forms of my invention the principle
ticles as related to rebound, it is clear that involved deals with the impediment of the
any change in the incident velocity of the flow of the material particles before leav
50
particles directly affects the percentage of ing the nozzle ori?ce. For this purpose, I 1-00
rebound. Any decrease, therefore, in the in have illustrated a nozzle A, the walls of which
 2 1,902,202
?are outwardly and form an ori?ce 10 of
greater diameter than the base of the nozzle.
The nozzle A in turn is connected in any
suitable manner to a water ring B which
is mounted upon the end of a material con
veying hose C. For retarding the material
particles ?owing outwardly through the noz~
zle A, I have provided an obstructing body
D centrally positioned in the nozzle ori?ce
10 10. As shown, the body D takes a somewhat
stream line effect and operates to deflect: the
particles substantially as shown on lines 12.
,By thus de?ecting the particles from the vnor
mal course of travel, part of the kinetic en- '
16 ergy of the particles is reduced to heat caused
by the friction of the particles amongst them
selves and against the nozzle structure and
part is absorbed by the reaction against the
transverse section of the obstructing element
normal to the ?ow of the particles. This
results in appreciably reducing the velocity
of the particles and is the primary object
sought in this invention.
Means is provided for supporting the body
252 D in the ori?ce of the nozzleA and prefer
ably consists of supporting vanes 11 which
support the body D by extending the wall of
the ori?ce. In respect to the mounting of
the body D Within the ori?ce, it is under
30, stood that the means- shownis for purposes
of illustration only, and that any other means
which performs the same function is accept
able for the purpose described. The struc-'
ture thus provided is recognized as a means
35' of dissipating a portion of the energy of the -
particles of a mixture and, thereby reducing
their velocity._ -
I am aware that various types of nozzles
and various forms of obstructing bodies may
40" be utilized and the same results obtained, It
is, therefore,'the intention of this invention
to include all such forms of nozzles and ob- . I
structing bodies that embody the principle
of my invention.
45, .1 claim as my invention: ' .
A cement gun nozzle for projecting hy
drated particles of material comprising, a
nozzle having an expanded ori?ce, and an
50
ovicular shaped member centrally disposed
in said nozzle, thedistance between the walls
of the nozzle and the ovicular men1ber>in~
creasing diametrically from the greatest di
ameter of theovicular member to the ori?ce
of said nozzle. , ' I . '
55
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set
my hand at Los Angeles, California,-this
18 day of December, 1929. ' ,
JOHN T. VAWTER.
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