Professional Documents
Culture Documents
, Turbulent Energy
terms of flow rate, diameter, and turbulence intensity, then 4.0
the situation is relatively easy to analyze. The rate of energy
loss is given by h/t, where t is the time required for the fluid 3.0
to traverse from point (1) to point (2). A simple way to
2.0
calculate this time is given by t=L/u, where L is the length of
pipe between point (1) and point (2); and u is the superficial 1.0
velocity (u=Q/A). Substituting these quantities into the
0.0
equation for the rate of energy dissipation gives 0 20,000
10,000 30,000 40,000
100,000
10,000
Straight pipe
1,000
100
High-shear pumps
10
Valves with
Q >10 bar P
1
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Turbulent Energy Dissipation Rate (W/kg)
Fig. 2Fluid streamlines shown Fig. 3The maximum oil droplet diameter as a function of the turbulent energy dissipation
schematically in a globe type control rate. Three values of interfacial tension are considered (1, 5, and 30mN/m), where the
valve. larger interfacial tension is shown as the solid line.
150
Average
100
Average
50
0 Day
16.3.12 17.3.12 18.3.12 19.3.12 20.3.12 21.3.12 22.3.12 23.3.12
Typhoon Valve Standard Valve
1 2 3 4 1 5 1 2 3 4 1 5
Fig. 6Oil-in-water concentration in the water discharge of the test separator at the Statoil Oseberg C platform. The water cut of fluids
going into the test separator was 50%. Water retention time in the test separator was between 10 min and 15 min. The pressure drop
across each test valve was 70 bar.