Formulas in Excel 2007

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet and analysis program developed by Microsoft. Excel can be
run on both Windows and Mac platforms. Each version of Excel can "look and feel"
completely different from another.
Microsoft Excel's power is in its ability to calculate and display results from data entered into
its cells. To calculate anything in Excel, you need to enter formulas into its cells. Formulas
can be simple arithmetical formulas or complicated formulas involving conditional
statements and nested functions. All Excel formulas use a basic syntax, which is described in
the steps below.
a. Begin every formula with an equal sign (=). The equal sign tells Excel that the
string of characters you're entering into a cell is a mathematical formula. If you forget
the equal sign, Excel will treat the entry as a character string.
b. Use coordinate references for cells that contain the values used in your formula.
While you can include numeric constants in your formulas, in most cases you'll use
values entered in other cells (or the results of other formulas displayed in those cells)
in your formulas. You refer to those cells with a coordinate reference of the row and
column the cell is in.
c. Use arithmetic operators for basic calculations. Microsoft Excel can perform all of
the basic arithmetic operations addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division as
well as exponentiation. Some operations use different symbols than are used when
writing equations by hand
d. Use comparison operators to compare the values in cells. You'll use comparison
operators most often in formulas with the IF function. You place a cell reference,
numeric constant, or function that returns a numeric value on either side of the
comparison operator.

e. use an ampersand (&) to join text strings together. The joining of text strings into a
single string is called concatenation, and the ampersand is known as a text operator
when used to join strings together in Excel formulas. You can use it with text strings
or cell references or both; entering "=A1&B2" in Cell C3 will yield "BATMAN"
when "BAT" is entered in Cell A1 and "MAN" is entered in Cell B2.

f. Use reference operators when working with ranges of cells. You'll use ranges of
cells most often with Excel functions such as SUM, which finds the sum of a range of
cells.
g. Use parentheses to identify the arguments of functions and to override the order
of operations. Parentheses serve 2 functions in Excel, to identify the arguments of
functions and to specify a different order of operations than the normal order.

Functions are pre-defined formulas. Some, such as SIN, COS, or TAN, take a single
argument, while other functions, such as IF, SUM, or AVERAGE, may take multiple
arguments. Multiple arguments within a function are separated by commas, as in "=IF
(A4 >=0, "POSITIVE", "NEGATIVE")" for the IF function. Functions may be nested
within other functions, up to 64 levels deep.
 In mathematical operation formulas, operations within parentheses are performed
before those outside it; in "=A4+B4*C4," B4 is multiplied by C4 before A4 is added
to the result, but in "=(A4+B4)*C4," A4 and B4 are added together first, then the
result is multiplied by C4. Parentheses in operations may be nested inside each other;
the operation in the innermost set of parentheses will be performed first.

Whether nesting parentheses in mathematical operations or in nested functions,

always be sure to have as many close parentheses in your formula as you do open
parentheses, or you'll receive an error message.

Entering Formulas
Select the cell you want to enter the formula in
Type an equal sign the cell or in the formula bar. The formula bar is located above the
rows and columns of cells and beneath the menu bar or ribbon.
type an open parenthesis if necessary. Depending on the structure of your formula,
you may need to type several open parentheses.
Create a cell reference. You can do this in 1 of several ways: Type the cell reference
manually. Select a cell or range of cells in the current page of the spreadsheet. Select a
cell or range of cells in another page of the spreadsheet. Select a cell or range of cells
on a page of a different spreadsheet.
enter a mathematical, comparison, text, or reference operator if desired. For most
formulas, you'll use a mathematical operator or 1 of the reference operators.

Repeat the previous 3 steps as necessary to build your formula.

Type a close parenthesis for each open parenthesis in your formula.

Press "Enter" when your formula is the way you want it to be.

Some of Function:

Math/Trig Functions

COMBIN (WS) Returns the number of combinations for a specified number of items
Returns the number of combinations for a specified number of items
COMBINA (WS)
and includes repetitions
COS (WS, VBA) Returns the cosine of an angle
COSH (WS) Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
PI (WS) Returns the mathematical constant called pi
POWER (WS) Returns the result of a number raised to a given power
PRODUCT (WS) Multiplies the numbers and returns the product
RADIANS (WS) Converts degrees into radians
Returns a random number that is greater than or equal to 0 and less
RAND (WS)
than 1
RANDBETWEEN
Returns a random number that is between a bottom and top range
(WS)
 Used to change the seed value used by the random number generator
RANDOMIZE (VBA)
for the RND function
SIN (WS, VBA) Returns the sine of an angle
SINH (WS) Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number
SQR (VBA) Returns the square root of a number
SQRT (WS) Returns the square root of a number
SUBTOTAL (WS) Returns the subtotal of the numbers in a column in a list or database
SUM (WS) Adds all numbers in a range of cells
SUMIF (WS) Adds all numbers in a range of cells based on one criteria
Adds all numbers in a range of cells, based on a single or multiple
SUMIFS (WS)
criteria
Multiplies the corresponding items in the arrays and returns the sum
SUMPRODUCT (WS)
of the results
SUMSQ (WS) Returns the sum of the squares of a series of values
SUMX2MY2 (WS) Returns the sum of the difference of squares between two arrays
SUMX2PY2 (WS) Returns the sum of the squares of corresponding items in the arrays
Returns the sum of the squares of the differences between
SUMXMY2 (WS)
corresponding items in the arrays
TAN (WS, VBA) Returns the tangent of an angle
TANH (WS) Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number
TRUNC (WS) Returns a number truncated to a specified number of digits

Statistical Functions

AVEDEV (WS) Returns the average of the absolute deviations of the numbers provided
AVERAGE (WS) Returns the average of the numbers provided
Returns the average of the numbers provided and treats TRUE as 1 and
AVERAGEA (WS)
FALSE as 0
Returns the average of all numbers in a range of cells, based on a given
AVERAGEIF (WS)
criteria
AVERAGEIFS Returns the average of all numbers in a range of cells, based on multiple
(WS) criteria
CHITEST (WS) Returns the value from the chi-squared distribution
Counts the number of cells that contain numbers as well as the number
COUNT (WS)
of arguments that contain numbers
MAX (WS) Returns the largest value from the numbers provided
Returns the largest value from the values provided (numbers, text and
MAXA (WS)
logical values)
MEDIAN (WS) Returns the median of the numbers provided
MIN (WS) Returns the smallest value from the numbers provided

Logical Functions

AND (WS) Returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE

AND (VBA) Returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE
CASE (VBA) Has the functionality of an IF-THEN-ELSE statement
FALSE (WS) Returns a logical value of FALSE
FOR...NEXT
Used to create a FOR LOOP
(VBA)
Returns one value if the condition is TRUE or another value if the
IF (WS)
condition is FALSE
References:

https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/index.php

http://www.wikihow.com/Type-Formulas-in-Microsoft-Excel