Lab Report Rubric (Assessment Form) Laboratory: Hydraulics Laboratory Section :1

Subject Code: BFC 21201 Group Members: 1.

MOHAMMAD HASHIMUDDIN BIN ABAS
2. JULIE BINTI MAHADI
Experiment Title : Basic Hydrology 3. TAN TENG LUN
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering 4. HAZIMULLAH DIMASYQI BIN ABDULLAH
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

Criteria 1 2 3 4 5 SCR WT TSCR (%)

Attendance & Student in laboratory more than Student in laboratory within 30 Student in laboratory within 10 Student in laboratory just before Student in laboratory 10 minutes
Dicipline 1 hour late minutes to 1 hour late to 30 minutes late laboratory start earlier 1 0

Aim / Purpose P urpose is not identified Purpose is somewhat vague Purpose is identified Purpose is identified Purpose is clearly identified
Relevant variables are not Relevant variables are not Relevant variables are described Relevant variables are described Relevant variables are described 1 0
described described in somewhat unclear manner

Materials There is not a list of the Most lab materials included All necessary lab materials All necessary lab materials All necessary lab materials included
(optional) necessary lab materials included but not listed in any included and listed and listed in an organized manner 1 0
particular order
Procedure Procedures are not listed Procedures are listed but not in Procedures are listed in clear Procedures are listed in clear Procedures are listed in clear steps
(optional) clear steps steps but not numbered and/or in steps Each step is numbered and in a
complete sentences Each step is numbered and in a complete sentence 1 0
complete sentence Diagrams are included to describe the
set-up
Data Data is not represented or is not Data lacks precision Good representation of the data Accurate representation of the Accurate representation of the data
accurate Greater than 20% difference using tables and/or graphs data using tables and/or graphs using tables and/or graphs
with accepted values Less than 15% difference with Data is fairly precise Graphs and tables are labeled and
accepted values Less than 10% difference with titled 4 0
Precision is acceptable accepted values Data is precise with less than 5%
difference with accepted values
Analysis / Result Trends / patterns are not Trends / patterns are not Trends / patterns are logically Trends / patterns are logically Trends / patterns are logically
analyzed analyzed analyzed for the most part analyzed analyzed
Questions are not answered Answers to questions are Questions are answered in Questions are answered in Questions are answered thoroughly 4 0
Analysis is not relevant incomplete complete sentences complete sentences and in complete sentences
Analysis is inconsistent Analysis is general Analysis is thoughtful Analysis is insightful
Discussion No disussion was included or A statement of the results is A statement of the results of the Accurate statement of the results Accurate statement of the results of
shows little effort and reflection incomplete with little reflection on lab indicates whether results of the lab indicates whether results lab indicates whether results support
on the lab the lab support the hypothesis support the hypothesis hypothesis
Possible sources of error Possible sources of error and what 4 0
identified was learned from the lab discussed

Participation Student was hostile about Participation was minimal Did the job but did not appear Used time pretty well. Stayed Showed interest, used time very well,
(during participating to be very interested. Focus lost on focused on the experiment most of guide other students and very focused on 1 0
experiment) several occasion the time experiment

Interview (for Student cannot answer Student can answer some Student can answer questions Student can explain the results Student can explain the results of the
short reports) questions about the experiment questions about the experiment about the experiment and begins to of the experiment in detail and the experiment in detail and the ways in
make connections between the ways in which they relate to the which they relate to the research focus.
experiment and its applications research focus The student can also evaluate the
3 0
significance of the experiment to the real
situation
NAME OF LECTURER : SIGNATURE : DATE : TOTAL SCORE : 0
Note : SCR = SCORE, WT = WEIGHTAGE, TSCR = TOTAL SCORE
FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY

LABORATORY PAPER INSTRUCTION

Subject Code BFC 21201

Experiment Code MKA 01 (a)

Experiment Title BASIC HYDROLOGY

Section 1
 STUDENTS ETHICAL CODE (SEC)

DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
BATU PAHAT, JOHOR

I declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also declare
not receive or give any assistance in preparing this report and make this
affirmation in the belief that nothing is in, it is true

NAME MATRIC DATE STUDENT

NO SIGNATURE
MOHAMMAD HASHIMUDDIN BIN ABAS CF150226 02/11/15
JULIE BINTI MAHADI CF150043 02/11/15
TAN TENG LUN CF150052 02/11/15
HAZIMULLAH DIMASYQI BIN CF150209 02/11/15
ABDULLAH

*This SEC sheet/student is compulsory compiles in this report

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WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 17/05/2005
TITLE : BASIC HYDROLOGY AMENDMENT DATE : 17/05/2005

PART A: BASIC HYDROLOGY

Case : Flat and Sandy soil surface with 1:60 slope profile

1.0 OBJECTIVE

To identify the relationship between rainfall and runoff.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course, students should be able to apply the knowledge and skills they
have learned to:
a. Understand the basic terms in hydrology.
b. Understand the concept of watershed area including time of concentration
(tc) and outlet or concentration point.
c. Understand the factors which influence the runoff.

3.0 THEORY

Runoff is generated by rainstorms and its occurrence and quantity are dependent on the
characteristics of the rainfall event, i.e. intensity, duration and distribution. The rainfall-runoff
process is extremely complex, making it difficult to model accurately. There are, in addition,
other important factors which influence the runoff generating process like natural surface
detention, soil infiltration characteristics and the drainage pattern formed by natural flow
paths. The soil type, vegetative cover and topography play as important roles. Rainfall and
runoff are very important hydrologic components because of their direct relations with water
resources quantity, flood, streamflow and design of dam and hydraulic structure.
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4.0 EQUIPMENTS
Basic Hydrology Instrument

Rain Gauge
reading

StopWatch
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5.0 PROCEDURES

Case 1: Flat and sandy soils surface profile (without slope)

Case 2: Flat and sandy soils surface with 1:60 slope profile

1. The rail of the catchment area must be adjust to get slope zero, according the
requirement for case 1

adjust rail to 30mm

2. Record initial reading from rain gauge cause the reading from rain gauge cannot be
reset.
3. The steel ruler has been used to flat the sand
4. .The pump has been switced on and starts the stopwatch at the same time. The time
while start of rainfall has been recorded
5. The reading of water level and reading from rain gauge has been recorded every 10
seconds during the rainfall
6. The pump has been switched off when the peak discharge achieved (after three times
constant value are obtained) to stop the rainfall. the time while stop of rainfall has
been recorded
7. At the same time, record the discharge for each 10 second until three time constant
value are obtained
8. The procedure has been repeated for Case 2 with 1:60 slope profile

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DATA AND ANALYSIS

1) Water level (convert from centimeter to milimeter )

0.3 cm x 10 = 30mm

2) Discharge (liter/min) get from the graph discharge versus time provided
3) convert discharge (liter/min to cubic meter per second)
1 min 1 m3
0.4 liter/min x x = 6.67 x 10-6 m3/sec
60 sec 1000 l

4) rain gauge reading

Initial reading : 20887mm

For 30 sec time taken, the reading obtained 20889 mm.
Thus, 20889mm - 20887mm = 2 mm

7.0 QUESTIONS

1. Plot the discharge (unit m3/s) versus time (second) graph separately from the
above values for each cases (case 1 to case 3).
Time, Case 1 Time, Case 2
t Discharge, Q (m3/sec) t Discharge, Q (m3/sec)
(sec) (10^-6) (Sec) (10^-6)
30 10.0 10 0
60 83.3 20 6.67
90 150 30 65.0
120 150 40 170
150 150 50 233
180 150 60 233
210 100 70 213
240 80 80 125
270 38.3 90 92
300 33.3 100 70
330 25.0 110 65
360 18.3 120 53
390 15.0 130 50
420 15.0 140 47
450 13.3 150 43
480 10 160 43
510 10 170 43
540 10 180
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2. From the graph plotted, determine: (a) Time concentration (b) Rainfall duration,
(c) Peak discharge, (d) Runoff volume, (e) Rainfall intensity and (f) Storage
volume.

a) time concentration
Case 1 : 90< tc < 180
Case 2 : 50 < tc < 60

b) Rainfall duration
Case 1 : Rainfall duration are 180 second
Case 2 : Rainfall duration are 60 second

c ) Peak Disharge
Case 1 : When 180 seconds, the discharge will be 150 x 10-6 m3/sec
Case 2 : When 60 second, the discharge will be 233 x 10-6 m3/sec

d) Runoff Volume
Runoff volume = Total Direct Flow
Case 1: DF = 881.5 x 10-6 m3/sec x 3600sec
=3.173 m3
Case 2 :DF = 969.67 x 10-6 m3/sec x 3600sec
=3.491 m3

f) Rainfall Intensity
Case 1:- Rainfall intensity = Rain gauge maximum/ rain duration
= 31mm/150sec
=0.21 mm/sec
Case 2 :- Rainfall intensity = Rain gauge maximum/ rain duration
= 22mm/60sec
=0.37 mm/sec
g) Storage volume
Storage volume = Base flow x 3600s
Case 1 : 150 x 10-6 m3/sec x 3600 sec
=0.54 m3
Case 2 : 453 x 10-6 m3/sec x 3600 sec
=1.631m3

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3. Provide a table for all the results obtained from (2) and make comparisons with case
2
and case 3

Case 1 Case 2
Time Consentration (s) 90< tc < 180 50 < tc < 60
Rainfall duration (s) 180 60
Peak discharge (x10-6 m3/sec) 150 233
Runoff volume (m3) 3.173 3.491
Rainfall Intensity (mm/s) 0.21 0.37
Storage Volume (m3) 0.54 1.63

As refer to table above, we can conlude that, all the difference value obtained between case 1
and case 2 because of the slope ratio which slope 1 without slope and slope 2 with slope. We
also observed that the quantity of runoff increase with increasing slope length.
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8.0 DISCUSSION

Runoff is generated by rainstorms and it occurance and quantity are dependent on the
characteristics of the rainfall event i.e intensity, duration and distribution. There are, in
addition, other important factors which influence the runoff generating process. The rainfall-
runoff process is extremely complex, making it difficult to mmodel accurately. There are, in
addition, other important factors which influence the runoff generating process like natural
surface detention, soil infiltration characteristics and the drainage pattern formed by natural
flow paths. Factors affecting runoff are :
a) Soil type
b) Vegetation
c) Slope and catchment size

a) humidity
b) the surface cover
c)overland flow
d) unsaturated zone
e) Soil type
f) Terrain (slope or surface texture)
Thus, rainfall and runoff are very important hydrologic component because of their direct
relation with water resourced quantity, flood, stream flow and design of damp or hydraulic
structures.
Based on the graph discharge versus time in both case that we has been carried out, we get the
bell shape graph. The value of discharge are increase when the time are increase.
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9.0 CONCLUSION

As conclusion of this experiment, we fully understand how to identify the relationship

between rainfall and runoff and its process. Besides that, we also can verify that when the
rainfall increased, the runoff will also increase until it reached the time of maximum
discharge. The slope area has the shorter time of concentration than the flat area.

Runoff is the one of the most important hydrology component because of it connection
with the water sources quantity, flood, design of dam and others hydraulic control structure.
Using the rain gauge, we can record the discharge and it's time for each area which is slope or
flat

From this experiment, we can apply this knowledge to design the dam or drain. The
application of the basic hydrology system very important to control the flood. Besides that,
we can also use this application all factors that effected runoff such as rainfall intensity, type
of surface, rainfall duration and others
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