Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Licensee
Licensed to Timothy J Lefebvre on 28 Jun 2001
Conditions of use
This is a licensed electronic copy of a document where copyright is owned or managed by
Standards Australia International. Your licence is a single user licence and the document may not
be stored, transferred or otherwise distributed on a network. You may also make one paper copy
of this document if required.
Web Check-up
Licensed to Timothy J Lefebvre on 28 Jun 2001. Single user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
products
Tolerances for flat-rolled steel
Australian/New Zealand Standard
AS/NZS 1365:1996
AS/NZS 1365:1996
New Zealand Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the
issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that
Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any
amendments thereto.
Full details of all Joint Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards
Australia and Standards New Zealand Catalogue of Publications; this information is
supplemented each month by the magazines The Australian Standard and Standards
New Zealand, which subscribing members receive, and which give details of new
publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
Suggestions for improvements to Joint Standards, addressed to the head office of either
Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand, are welcomed. Notification of any
inaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should be
made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action
taken.
products
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
1 The Crescent,
Homebush NSW 2140 Australia
STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND
Level 10, Standards House,
155 The Terrace,
Wellington 6001 New Zealand
ISBN 0 7337 0511 1
AS / NZS 1365:1996 2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia / Standards New Zealand
Committee MT/1, Iron and Steel, to supersede AS 1365 1986.
The objective of this Standard is to specify dimensional tolerances for flat-rolled steel
products excluding stainless and heat-treated steels. The 1986 edition was amended in
September 1992 to alter the width tolerances of untrimmed plate and floorplate.
This Standard gives an option of two classes of tolerance (A and B) for plate and strip
rolled on a continuous mill, and for cold-rolled sheet and strip. These classes apply to
flatness on hot-rolled product and to thickness, flatness, width and length on cold-rolled
sheet and strip. The tighter Class B tolerances should only be specified in cases where the
product requires stringent tolerance control.
In the preparation of this Standard cognizance was taken of the following International
Standards:
ISO
3573:1986 Hot-rolled carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities
3574:1986 Cold-reduced carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities
Licensed to Timothy J Lefebvre on 28 Jun 2001. Single user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
4960:1986 Cold-reduced carbon steel strip with a carbon content over 0.25%
4995:1993 Hot-rolled steel sheet of structural quality
4996:1991 Hot-rolled steel sheet of high yield stress structural quality
4997:1991 Cold-reduced steel sheet of structural quality
5001:1993 Cold-reduced carbon steel sheet for vitreous enamelling
5951:1993 Hot-rolled steel sheet of higher yield strength with improved formability
6316:1993 Hot-rolled steel strip of structural quality
6317:1982 Hot-rolled carbon steel strip of commercial and drawing qualities
6932:1986 Cold-reduced carbon steel strip with a maximum carbon content of 0.25%
7452:1984 Hot-rolled structural steel plates Tolerances on dimensions and shape
9034:1987 Hot-rolled structural steel wide flats Tolerances on dimensions and shape
All of these International Standards, except ISO 7452 and ISO 9034, specify general
properties in addition to dimensional tolerances, for various types of flat-rolled steel
products. The Standards ISO 7452 and ISO 9034 specifically cover dimensional tolerances
for hot-rolled structural steel plates and wide flats but are not applicable to thicknesses
below 3 mm and 4 mm respectively.
Australian/New Zealand industry considers that there are considerable advantages in
having requirements for dimensional tolerances for all types of flat-rolled steel products in
the one Standard.
In this edition steepness ratio is included as an alternative method for expressing flatness
and a method for measuring out-of-squareness is specified.
The terms normative and informative have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral
part of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is only for information and
guidance.
3 AS / NZS 1365:1996
CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... ........ 4
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... ... .. . 4
1.3 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... ... .. ..... 4
1.4 MEASUREMENT OF FLATNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ... 5
1.5 MEASUREMENT OF EDGE CAMBER . . . . . . . . . . . ... ............ 5
1.6 MEASUREMENT OF OUT-OF -SQUARENESS . . . . . .. .. .. ... ...... 5
1.7 ROUNDING OF TEST RESULT VALUES . . . . . . . . . .. ... .......... 5
APPENDICES
A STEEPNESS RATIO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
B FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FLATNESS OF CONTINUOUS
MILL PRODUCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
AS / NZS 1365:1996 4
S E C T I O N 1 S CO P E A N D G E NE R A L
1.1 SCOPE This Standard specifies dimensional tolerances for flat-rolled steels
(uncoated, metallic-coated or organic-coated), other than stainless, high alloy and
quenched and tempered steels, as follows:
(a) Wide slabs.
(b) Plate and floorplate rolled on a reversing mill.
(c) Hot-rolled plate, floorplate, sheet and strip rolled on a continuous mill.
(d) Cold-rolled sheet and strip.
For coated products, thickness tolerances apply to the base metal only.
Licensed to Timothy J Lefebvre on 28 Jun 2001. Single user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
NOTE: Widths and thicknesses given in tables do not necessarily indicate availability in
Australia or New Zealand, and enquiries in this regard should be directed to suppliers.
1.3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply.
1.3.1 Cold-rolled sheet a cold-rolled product of any width or thickness, supplied in
cut lengths. Edges are either trimmed or untrimmed.
1.3.2 Edge camber the deviation of an edge from a straight line forming a chord to it.
1.3.3 Edge conditions
1.3.3.1 Trimmed edge the edge produced by the removal of material by mechanical
means or gas cutting. Also referred to as sheared or slit edge.
1.3.3.2 Untrimmed edge the edge produced by rolling between horizontal rolls, with or
without vertical edging rolls. Also referred to as mill or universal edge.
1.3.4 Floorplate a hot-rolled product 600 mm or greater in width, supplied in cut
lengths or in coils, having a rolled raised pattern at regular intervals on one surface.
Edges are either trimmed or untrimmed.
NOTE: Floorplate is produced by either of the following processes:
(a) Rolling through a continuous mill to produce coils, or cut lengths from coil, having a
nominal thickness equal to or greater than 2 mm.
(b) Cutting from a parent plate, which is the product of a slab rolled through a reversing mill,
and which has a nominal thickness greater than 4.50 mm.
1.3.5 Hot-rolled sheet a hot-rolled product supplied in cut lengths produced from a
coil rolled on a continuous mill. The width is equal to or greater than 600 mm and the
nominal thickness less than 3 mm. Edges are either trimmed or untrimmed.
COPYRIGHT
5 AS / NZS 1365:1996
1.3.6 Longitudinal direction the direction of greatest extension of the steel during
rolling.
1.3.7 Plate a hot-rolled product 600 mm or greater in width, supplied in cut lengths.
Edges are either trimmed or untrimmed.
NOTE: Cut-lengths are produced from either of the following plate sources:
(a) From a parent plate, which is the product of a slab rolled through a reversing mill, and
which has a nominal thickness greater than 4.50 mm.
(b) From a coil which has been rolled through a continuous mill to produce a nominal thickness
equal to or greater than 3 mm.
1.3.8 Strip a continuously rolled product of any width and thickness, supplied in coil
form. Edges are either trimmed or untrimmed.
1.3.9 Transverse direction the direction at right angles to the direction of the greatest
extension of the steel during rolling.
1.3.10 Wide slab a semi-finished rolled or continuously cast flat product having a
rectangular cross-section, a thickness greater than 100 mm and a width-to-thickness ratio
not less than 4:1.
deviation from flatness is in the centre of the product, not at the ends. Deviations from
flatness are measured by allowing a straightedge to rest on at least two points on the
product surface and then measuring the distance between the product and the straightedge
(see Figure 1.1 (a)). Only that portion situated between two consecutive points of contact
is taken into consideration. The straightedge may be placed in any direction.
Where two points of contact do not exist, the deviation may be determined by measuring
the distance between the flat horizontal surface and the bottom surface of the product
(see Figure 1.1 (b)).
An alternative method for expressing flatness is to calculate the steepness ratio
(see Appendix A).
COPYRIGHT
Licensed to Timothy J Lefebvre on 28 Jun 2001. Single user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
AS / NZS 1365:1996
FIGURE 1.1
6
COPYRIGHT
MEASUREMENT OF FLATNESS
7 AS / NZS 1365:1996
where
C = camber, in percent
w = width of sheet
wc = linear measurement of camber
l = length of sheet
Licensed to Timothy J Lefebvre on 28 Jun 2001. Single user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
COPYRIGHT
AS / NZS 1365:1996 8
S E C T I O N 2 W I D E S L A B S
2.1 SCOPE This Section specifies the manufacturing tolerances for carbon and carbon-
manganese steel slabs, for purposes other than re-rolling.
NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, tolerances apply to 100% of product supplied.
TABLE 2.1
THICKNESS TOLERANCES FOR SLABS
millimetres
2.3 WIDTH TOLERANCE The width tolerance for slabs in all widths and for all
edge conditions shall be 20 mm.
2.4 LENGTH TOLERANCE The length tolerance for slabs in all widths and for all
edge conditions shall be +100, 0 mm.
2.5 EDGE CAMBER TOLERANCE When measured in accordance with Clause 1.5,
the maximum deviation of the side edge of a slab from the straight edge shall not exceed
40 mm. Edge camber shall be limited to ensure that the dimensions of the ordered slab are
within the delivered size.
COPYRIGHT
9 AS / NZS 1365:1996
S E C T I O N 3 P LAT E A N D F L O O R P L AT E
R O L L E D O N A R E V E R S I N G M I LL
3.1 SCOPE This Section specifies the manufacturing tolerances for steel plate and
floorplate over 4.50 mm thick that have been hot-rolled on a reversing mill.
NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, tolerances apply to 100% of product supplied.
3.3 WIDTH TOLERANCES Width tolerances for plate and floorplate in all edge
conditions are specified in Table 3.2.
3.4 LENGTH TOLERANCES Length tolerances for plate and floorplate in all edge
conditions are specified in Table 3.3.
Licensed to Timothy J Lefebvre on 28 Jun 2001. Single user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
3.5 FLATNESS TOLERANCES When measured in accordance with Clause 1.4, the
flatness of carbon and carbon-manganese steel plate, in all edge conditions, that has a
specified maximum carbon content less than or equal to 0.25% and a specified or typical
yield strength equal to or less than 360 MPa, shall comply with the tolerance requirements
of Table 3.4. For floorplate and all other steels, the flatness tolerance is determined by
multiplying the values given in Table 3.4 by a factor of 1.5.
NOTE: Care is required when measuring the flatness of floorplate, due to the difficulty in
accurately measuring deviations caused by the raised pattern.
3.6 EDGE CAMBER TOLERANCES Edge camber shall be limited to ensure that
the dimensions of the ordered plate are within the delivered size. If agreed to at the time
of enquiry or order, edge camber shall be limited to 0.2% of the actual length of the plate
for a trimmed edge and 0.3% of the actual length of the plate for an untrimmed edge.
3.7 OUT-OF-SQUARE TOLERANCES For all sizes, the cut lengths shall be such
that plates conforming to the ordered nominal dimensions can be obtained.
COPYRIGHT
AS / NZS 1365:1996 10
TABLE 3.1
THICKNESS TOLERANCES FOR PLATE AND FLOORPLATE*
millimetres
* The thickness tolerance for floorplate applies to the unraised thickness of the plate.
TABLE 3.2
Licensed to Timothy J Lefebvre on 28 Jun 2001. Single user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
Width tolerance
Edge condition Width Specified thickness
>4.5 <16 16 250
Trimmed All +20, 0 +25, 0
All thicknesses
Untrimmed <2 400 +80, 0
2 400 +100, 0
TABLE 3.3
LENGTH TOLERANCES FOR PLATE
AND FLOORPLATE
millimetres
Length tolerance
Specified
Specified thickness
length
>4.5 <25 25 250
All +30, 0 +40, 0
COPYRIGHT
11 AS / NZS 1365:1996
TABLE 3.4
FLATNESS TOLERANCES FOR PLATE
millimetres
Flatness tolerance*
Distance between Specified width
Specified thickness
points of contact
1500 1800 2400
<1500 3000
<1800 <2400 <3000
>4.5 8 500 4 4 4 5 8
>500 750 6 6 6 8 12
>750 1 500 8 8 8 10 15
>1 500 2 000 10 10 10 15 20
>2 000 3 500 15 15 15 25 30
>3 500 20 20 30 35 40
>8 12 500 3 3 4 5 8
>500 750 5 5 6 8 12
>750 1 500 6 6 8 10 15
>1 500 2 000 8 8 10 15 20
>2 000 3 500 10 10 15 20 25
>3 500 12 15 20 30 30
Licensed to Timothy J Lefebvre on 28 Jun 2001. Single user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
>12 25 500 3 3 3 5 5
>500 750 5 5 5 8 8
>750 1 500 6 6 6 10 10
>1 500 2 000 6 6 10 12 12
>2 000 3 500 8 10 12 16 16
>3 500 10 15 20 25 25
>25 250 500 3 3 3 3 3
>500 750 5 5 5 5 5
>750 1 500 6 6 6 6 6
>1 500 2 000 8 8 8 8 8
>2 000 3 500 8 8 10 10 10
>3 500 10 12 12 20 20
* The tolerances apply when measured at least 20 mm from the longitudinal edges and
100 mm from the transverse edges.
COPYRIGHT
AS / NZS 1365:1996 12
S E C T I O N 4 H O T - R O L L E D P L AT E ,
F L O O R P L AT E , S H E E T A N D S T R I P, R O L L E D
O N A C O NT I N U O U S M I L L
4.1 SCOPE This Section specifies the manufacturing tolerances for hot-rolled steel
plate, floorplate, sheet and strip, rolled on a continuous mill in thicknesses up to 13 mm
and widths up to 2000 mm.
NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, tolerances apply to 100% of product supplied.
4.2 THICKNESS TOLERANCES Thickness tolerances applicable to carbon and
carbon-manganese steel plate, sheet and strip in all edge conditions are specified in
Table 4.1. For floorplate, the thickness tolerance is determined by multiplying the values
given in Table 4.1 by a factor of 1.5.
NOTES:
1 For coated products, thickness tolerances apply to the base metal only.
2 An approximation of the thickness tolerances given in Table 4.1 can be obtained from the
expression, tolerance = 0.017 thickness + 0.14 mm.
3 Because of the raised pattern, care is required when measuring the thickness of floorplate.
The thickness tolerance applies to the unraised thickness of the plate.
Licensed to Timothy J Lefebvre on 28 Jun 2001. Single user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
4.3 WIDTH TOLERANCES Width tolerances for plate, floorplate, sheet and strip are
specified in Tables 4.2 and 4.3, for untrimmed and trimmed edge conditions respectively.
4.4 LENGTH TOLERANCES Length tolerances for plate, floorplate and sheet in all
edge conditions are specified in Table 4.4.
4.5 FLATNESS TOLERANCES When measured in accordance with Clause 1.4, the
flatness of carbon and carbon-manganese steel plate and sheet having a specified carbon
content equal to 0.25% or less and a specified or typical minimum yield strength less than
340 MPa, shall comply with the requirements of Table 4.5. For floorplate and all other
steel plate and sheet, the flatness tolerance is determined by multiplying the values given
in Table 4.5 by a factor of 1.5. Flatness tolerance does not apply to strip in coil form
(either slit or mill edge).
Table 4.5 gives the option of two classes of flatness tolerance. Unless specified otherwise
by the customer or by the relevant product Standard, material with Class A tolerances
shall be supplied.
NOTE: Care is required when measuring the flatness of floorplate due to the difficulty in
accurately measuring deviations caused by the raised pattern.
4.6 EDGE CAMBER TOLERANCES When measured in accordance with Clause 1.5,
the maximum deviation of the side edge from a straightedge for hot-rolled plate, strip,
floorplate and sheet in all edge conditions shall not exceed 0.4% of the actual length.
4.7 OUT-OF-SQUARE TOLERANCES For all sizes, the cut lengths shall be such
that sheets or plates of the ordered nominal dimensions can be obtained.
When measured in accordance with Clause 1.6, the out-of-squareness of a cut length from
trimmed-edge steel strip shall not exceed 1.0%.
COPYRIGHT
13 AS / NZS 1365:1996
TABLE 4.1
THICKNESS TOLERANCES FOR HOT-ROLLED
PLATE, SHEET AND STRIP
millimetres
Specified thickness Thickness tolerance, plus or minus
1.60 0.16
>1.60 2.00 0.18
>2.00 2.50 0.19
>2.50 3.00 0.21
>3.00 4.00 0.23
>4.00 5.00 0.25
>5.00 6.00 0.27
>6.00 8.00 0.29
>8.00 10.00 0.32
>10.00 13.00 0.36
NO TE: Thickness is measured at a distance of not less than 10 mm
from a trimmed edge or not less than 25 mm from an untrimmed
edge.
Licensed to Timothy J Lefebvre on 28 Jun 2001. Single user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
TABLE 4.2
WIDTH TOLERANCES FOR UNTRIMMED
EDGE HOT-ROLLED PLATE, FLOORPLATE,
SHEET AND STRIP
millimetres
TABLE 4.3
WIDTH TOLERANCES FOR TRIMMED
EDGE HOT-ROLLED PLATE,
FLOORPLATE, SHEET AND STRIP
millimetres
Width tolerance
Specified width Specified thickness
<3.00 3.00 13
<150 +1.00, 0 +1.50, 0
150 <300 +1.50, 0 +2.00, 0
300 <450 +2.00, 0 +2.50, 0
450 <600 +2.50, 0 +3.00, 0
600 <750 +3.00, 0 +3.00, 0
750 <1 000 +4.00, 0 +4.00, 0
1 000 <1 250 +5.00, 0 +5.00, 0
1 250 <1 500 +6.00, 0 +6.00, 0
1 500 2 000 +7.00, 0 +7.00, 0
COPYRIGHT
AS / NZS 1365:1996 14
TABLE 4.4
LENGTH TOLERANCES FOR
HOT-ROLLED PLATE, FLOORPLATE
AND SHEET IN ALL EDGE CONDITIONS
millimetres
TABLE 4.5
FLATNESS TOLERANCES FOR HOT-ROLLED
PLATE AND SHEET
millimetres
Licensed to Timothy J Lefebvre on 28 Jun 2001. Single user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
COPYRIGHT
15 AS / NZS 1365:1996
S E C T I O N 5 C O L D- R O L L E D S H E E T
A N D S T R I P
5.1 SCOPE This Section specifies the manufacturing tolerances for cold-rolled steel,
sheet and strip.
NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, tolerances apply to 100% of product supplied.
5.3 WIDTH TOLERANCES Width tolerances for sheet and strip in the trimmed edge
condition are specified in Tables 5.2 and 5.3 for Class A and Class B tolerances
respectively.
Unless specified by the customer or in the relevant product Standard, material with
Class A tolerances shall be supplied.
Width tolerances for sheet and strip in the untrimmed edge condition are specified in
Table 5.4.
5.4 LENGTH TOLERANCES Length tolerances for sheet in all edge conditions are
specified in Table 5.5 and Table 5.6 for Class A and Class B tolerances respectively.
Unless specified by the customer or in the relevant product Standard, material with
Class A tolerances shall be supplied.
5.5 FLATNESS TOLERANCES When measured in accordance with Clause 1.4, the
flatness of sheet in all edge conditions shall comply with the requirements of Table 5.7.
Unless specified by the customer or in the relevant product Standard, material with
Class A tolerances shall be supplied.
5.6 EDGE CAMBER TOLERANCES When measured in accordance with Clause 1.5,
the edge camber of sheet in all edge conditions shall not exceed 0.2% of the actual length.
5.7 OUT-OF-SQUARE TOLERANCES For all sizes, the cut lengths shall be such
that sheets of the ordered nominal dimensions can be obtained. When measured in
accordance with Clause 1.6, the out-of-squareness of a cut length of trimmed-edge steel
strip shall not exceed 1.0%.
COPYRIGHT
AS / NZS 1365:1996 16
TABLE 5.1
THICKNESS TOLERANCES FOR COLD-ROLLED
SHEET AND STRIP
millimetres
TABLE 5.2
WIDTH TOLERANCES FOR TRIMMED
EDGE COLD-ROLLED SHEET AND
STRIP CLASS A TOLERANCES
millimetres
COPYRIGHT
17 AS / NZS 1365:1996
TABLE 5.3
WIDTH TOLERANCES FOR TRIMMED EDGE COLD-ROLLED
SHEET AND STRIP CLASS B TOLERANCES
millimetres
Width tolerance
Strip Sheet
Specified width
Specified thickness
<1.00 1.00 3.00 >3.00 All
150 +0.20, 0 +0.40, 0 +0.60, 0 +1.00, 0
>150 300 +0.40, 0 +0.60, 0 +0.80, 0 +1.00, 0
>300 450 +0.60, 0 +0.80, 0 +1.00, 0 +1.00, 0
>450 600 +0.80, 0 +1.00, 0 +1.00, 0 +1.00, 0
>600 750 +1.00, 0 +1.00, 0 +1.00, 0 +1.00, 0
>750 1 000 +1.50, 0 +1.50, 0 +1.50, 0 +1.50, 0
>1 000 2 000 +2.00, 0 +2.00, 0 +2.00, 0 +2.00, 0
Licensed to Timothy J Lefebvre on 28 Jun 2001. Single user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
TABLE 5.4
WIDTH TOLERANCES FOR
UNTRIMMED EDGE COLD-ROLLED
SHEET AND STRIP
millimetres
Specified width Width tolerance
>599 1 000 +25, 0
>1 000 1 250 +30, 0
>1 250 1 500 +35, 0
>1 500 2 000 +40, 0
TABLE 5.5
LENGTH TOLERANCES FOR
COLD-ROLLED SHEET CLASS A
TOLERANCES
millimetres
COPYRIGHT
AS / NZS 1365:1996 18
TABLE 5.6
LENGTH TOLERANCES FOR
COLD-ROLLED SHEET CLASS B
TOLERANCES
millimetres
TABLE 5.7
FLATNESS TOLERANCES FOR
COLD-ROLLED SHEET
millimetres
Licensed to Timothy J Lefebvre on 28 Jun 2001. Single user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
Flatness tolerance
Distance between
points of contact Class A Class B
(see Note 1) (see Note 2)
500 5 2
>500 750 7 3
>750 1 000 10 5
>1 000 1 500 15 8
>1 500 20 10
NO TES:
1 Class A applies to sheet 4 mm thick.
2 Class B applies to sheet 3 mm thick.
COPYRIGHT
19 AS / NZS 1365:1996
APPENDIX A
STEEPNESS RATIO
(Normative)
A2 TEST PROCEDURE The product resting under its own weight is placed on a flat
horizontal surface with the depression to be measured facing upwards.
The steepness ratio, expressed as a percentage, is calculated by determining the maximum
distance between the product surface and straightedge in accordance with the procedures
specified in Clause 1.4 (see also Figure 1.1 (a)), then applying the following equation:
. . . A(1)
Licensed to Timothy J Lefebvre on 28 Jun 2001. Single user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
where
h = deviation from flatness (wave height), in millimetres
l = length between two points of contact, in millimetres.
TABLE A1
OPTIONAL FLATNESS TOLERANCES
FOR HOT-ROLLED PLATE AND SHEET
Flatness tolerance
Specified
thickness Steepness ratio, %
mm
Class A Class B
2 1.8 0.6
>2 3.2 1.5 0.6
>3.2 13 1.5
TABLE A2
OPTIONAL FLATNESS TOLERANCES
FOR COLD-ROLLED PLATE AND SHEET
Flatness tolerance
Specified
thickness Steepness ratio, %
mm Class A* Class B
COPYRIGHT
AS / NZS 1365:1996 20
APPENDIX B
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FLATNESS OF CONTINUOUS
MILL PRODUCT
(Informative)
B1 GENERAL The inability of a plate or sheet cut from hot-rolled coil to lie flat on a
smooth horizontal surface is due to one or more of the following conditions:
(a) Edge wave.
(b) Centre buckle.
(c) Longbow (coilset).
(d) Crossbow (gutter).
All four of these conditions can result from incorrect flattening and levelling operations,
involving set-up, equipment or operator inexperience.
Where a high standard of flatness is required (e.g. Class B tolerance), it is the
responsibility of the purchaser to ensure that the material is ordered as skin passed or
stretcher levelled.
Licensed to Timothy J Lefebvre on 28 Jun 2001. Single user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
B2 EDGE WAVE Edge wave is a condition that occurs when the edges of the strip
elongate more than the centre of the strip during rolling. The presence of edge wave on
hot-rolled coil is directly associated with the rolling procedures used when rolling slab
into a coil.
B3 CENTRE BUCKLE Centre buckle is a condition that occurs when the centre of
the strip, in the rolling direction, elongates more than the edges. The presence of centre
buckle on hot-rolled coil is directly associated with the rolling procedures used when
rolling slab into a coil.
The removal of edge wave and centre buckle, when coils have been levelled and cut to
length is not possible without subjecting the coil product to additional processing such as
skin passing or stretcher levelling.
COPYRIGHT