PLAN DEVELOPMENT

The design of a drainage system depends on the soil and on the hydrogeological, economic,
and other conditions of the terrain. In the USSR, drainage systems are operated by system
administrations, regional land-reclamation services, and the land users to whom the drained
lands are assigned. The design perhaps can form a level and stable sill over which water
flow can be measured to achieve required flows in the deprived reach. It may also serve to
slow the water upstream to reduce the amount of material in transit at the location of any
intake screen.

The following operational and construction factors that need to be taken into consideration
when designing a notch:

It will usually need to provide protected flows in the natural waterproof in low flows
usually via notch and drainage
It may need to have dewatering arrangements which can be operated in low
moderate flows for purpose of maintenance.
It will need to be robust to floods, channelling water in appropriate directions when
flows are out of bank, and cope with the material in transit in these circumstances.
It will need to be long lasting and can standing up to any special issues as acidic
water or extreme cold that flows in the drainage
Can resist scour under/around the drainage.
The design should not entail excessive environmental risk.

The location choice also must be consider during designing the drainage. It is possible to
build the drainage on alluvial foundation, and this may require a cut-off such as some piling
to increase the route length. The impoundment needs to be stable under all conditions;
these will not only normal water level but also extreme of levels on faces.

There are several specific steps must be considered such as calculation for the notch ,
location of drainage and material using in designing the drainage. The calculation for
designing the notch are important because it will affect the structure of the notch if the notch
cannot withstand the flow rate of water. Location choosing must be right because if the notch
was built on low durability of soil it will make erosion hence also affect the notch. Good
material choose if for make sure that the notch can long lasting.
PLAN IMPLEMENTATION

Once the notch is been defined, consideration of the low and normal and also extreme flood
events and their associated water levels can be made. At low flows any agreed reserve flow
needs to be passed, and this is typically via rectangular notch with an invert below the main
crest. It is normal to use notch equation with appropriate coefficients to size it. The notch
need to be wide enough and have high enough side walls to contain the extreme high flows
within the hard engineered section to avoid danger of bypassing the structure, or indeed
issues such as safety impacts such as precluding access. It may be necessary to ensure
that structures come up to adequately high levels to restrict flows and not be overtopped. It
is important to consider the depth of water and the cross-section area of notch to ensure that
the upstream water surface level is approximately level to all section of the notch. The layout
of the notch in plan can be useful in controlling the rise, via increasing the notch crest length
which may be via choice of location, or orientation, making the diagonal even labyrinth.

At extreme flows it is possible that the water level increases happen to the extent that it in
part increases over the formal hard engineered impoundments; in this case it is necessary to
have adequate scour resistant material adjacent to the notch. In many existing low head
situations this may only be well-established vegetation as the energy of water may be low.
Calculation

Flow rate = 0.5m/s

Maximum flow rate passed through the notch is 40%

40
100 0.5m/s = 0.2m/s

Assumed height = 0.35m =350mm

Cd = 0.6 =standard value

2 1.5
Q act = 3 Cd B 2 g H

2
0.2m/s = 0.6 B 2(9.81) 0.351.5
3

0.2 = 0.367B

B = 0.55m = 550mm

RECTANGULAR NOTCH

350mm

550mm