Proceedings of International Interdisciplinary Conference On Engineering Science & Management
Held on 17th - 18th December 2016, in Goa, India.ISBN: 9788193137383
SIMULATION OF BREAKER SIZING AND FAULT
ANALYSIS AT 220KV SUBSTATION
Rajbir Kaur
Department of Electrical Engineering,
Baba Bandha Singh Engineering College
Fatehgarh Sahib, India
Abstract -- With increasing load requirements day
by day, electric utilities have also grown up to
meet the load requirements, thereby making
system more complex. In this paper the short
circuit analysis of 220 kV grid substation is
carried out and various ratings of circuit breakers
is calculated using power world simulator.
Further these ratings are compared with actual
circuit breakers at substation.
Keywords Power World Simulator, Load Flow
Analysis, Short Time Rating
I. INTRODUCTION
Reliability and stability of power system mainly
depends upon the engineers ability to provide
regular supply to consumers. Generally, the loads
must be fed with uninterrupted supply at different
voltage levels to various consumers that may be
commercial, domestic or industrial. Depending upon
the requirement of loads, there are peak load hours
and off peak load hours. When there is requirement
power can be transferred from one region to other
region with the help of tie lines.
With increasing load requirements day by day,
electric utilities have also grown, to meet the load
requirements. Thus the whole system is becoming
more complex. Electric utilities have to perform
detailed analysis of system by considering various
168
Neeraj Sharma
Department of Electrical Engineering,
Baba Bandha Singh Engineering College
Fatehgarh Sahib, India
normal and abnormal conditions. The planning of
complex power system is a difficult task for engineer.
For this planning purpose planning tools are required.
The major power system planning tools are:-
Load Flow Analysis
Short Circuit Analysis
Stability analysis
For performing various switching operations steady
state flow of power must be known. Thus whole
system is modeled as electric network and solution is
simulated by using various software of power system.
This solution is known as Load flow Analysis. Load
flow Analysis is carried out to determine the value of
bus voltages, branch currents, real and reactive power
in the system. After load flow analysis system is
checked for various normal and abnormal conditions.
Short circuit analysis is carried out on system for
various faults. This study helps to calculate the fault
level of the system and according to this fault current
protection system will be designed. Stability analysis
is performed in order to sure that system is stable
after a major disturbance. Stability analysis is defined
as ability of system to remain in synchronism after
major disturbance.
II. LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS
Load flow study reveals the electrical performance
and power flows (real and reactive) for specified
conditions when the system is operating under steady
state. The load flow study also provides the
 Proceedings of International Interdisciplinary Conference On Engineering Science & Management
Held on 17th - 18th December 2016, in Goa, India.ISBN: 9788193137383
information about the line and transformer loads (as
well as losses) throughout the system and voltages at
different points in the system for evaluation and
regulation of the performance of power system under
conditions known as priori. Further alternative plans
for future expansion to meet new load demands can
be analyzed and a complete information is made
available through this study.
III. SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
Fault analysis or short circuit analysis involutes
finding the voltage and current distribution through
the whole system during various faults. It is
important to determine the values of system voltages
and currents during fault conditions so that the
protective devices may be set to identify the fault and
separate the faulty section from the healthy system so
as to minimize the harmful effects of such
contingencies. When fault occurs at a point in a Figure 1 . Single line diagram of Moga 220 kV grid
power system, the corresponding MVA is referred to substation
as the fault level at that point. B. Load Flow Analysis
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 220 kV s/s has two 220 kV buses, coupled though
A. Block Diagram bus coupler and share their loads, 220 s/s Moga has
Single line diagram of 220 kV substation Moga has very important role in power sector in Malwa region
been developed in Power World Simulator as shown of Punjab. Because 6 nos 220 kV circuits are coming
in figure 1. out from this station and feeds the max approx 1830
mw power with the help of these buses . So these two
buses has very important role to transmit power to
Malwa region First load flow analysis is carried out
on the test system. Figure 1 shows the practical
model of 220 kV grid substation Moga. Table I
shows the bus records of the test system after load
flow analysis by Newton Rapshon Method.

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Proceedings of International Interdisciplinary Conference On Engineering Science & Management
Held on 17th - 18th December 2016, in Goa, India.ISBN: 9788193137383

TABLE I BUS RECORDS OF TEST SYSTEM

Switched
Volt Angle Load Gen
Number Name Nom kV PU Volt Gen Mvar Shunts
(kV) (Deg) MW MW
Mvar

220 KV BUS
1 BAR (POWER 220 1 220 0 2262.1 356.75
GRID MOGA)

220 KV MOGA
2 BUS BAR NO . 220 0.999 219.8 -0.09
1

220 KV MOGA
3 220 0.999 219.9 -0.12
-BUS BAR 2

220 KV S/S
4 220 0.995 218.9 -4.35 305 51.06
SADIQ

220 KV S/S
5 220 0.97 213.4 0.2 305
BAJAKHANA

220 KV S/S
6 220 0.989 217.5 -2.84 610
KOTKRORE

220 KV S/S
7 BAGHAPURAN 220 0.995 219 -1.28 610
A
132 kv BUS
8 132 0.983 129.7 -21.61 415 201.93
BAR

9 GHTP Bathinda 220 1 220 1.59 315.43 -161.1

10 11 kv 11 0.931 10.24 -41.09 305

TABLE II LINE RECORDS OF TEST SYSTEM

From Branch Device

From Name To No. To Name Circuit Status Xfrmr R X
No. Type

220 KV BUS 220 KV

0.0000 0.0001
1 BAR (POWER 2 MOGA BUS 1 Closed Line NO
3 7
GRID MOGA) BAR NO . 1

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 Proceedings of International Interdisciplinary Conference On Engineering Science & Management
Held on 17th - 18th December 2016, in Goa, India.ISBN: 9788193137383

220 KV BUS 220 KV

0.0000 0.0001
1 BAR (POWER 3 MOGA -BUS 1 Closed Line NO
3 7
GRID MOGA) BAR 2

220 KV MOGA 220 KV

2 BUS BAR NO . 3 MOGA -BUS 1 Closed Line NO 0 0.1
1 BAR 2

220 KV MOGA 220 KV S/S

0.0033 0.0171
2 BUS BAR NO . 6 BAJAKHAN 1 Closed Line NO
2 2
1 A

220 KV MOGA
220 KV S/S 0.0015 0.0077
2 BUS BAR NO . 7 1 Closed Line NO
KOTKRORE 1 7
1

220 KV MOGA
132 kv BUS
2 BUS BAR NO . 9 1 Closed Transformer YES 0 0.1
BAR
1

220 KV MOGA 220 KV S/S 0.0045 0.0233

3 5 1 Closed Line NO
-BUS BAR 2 SADIQ 2 1

220 KV S/S
220 KV MOGA 0.0006 0.0033
3 8 BAGHAPUR 1 Closed Line NO
-BUS BAR 2 4 1
ANA

220 KV MOGA 132 kv BUS

3 9 1 Closed Transformer YES 0 0.1
-BUS BAR 2 BAR

220 KV S/S GHTP 0.0105 0.0020

6 10 1 Closed Line NO
BAJAKHANA Bathinda 8 5

132 kv BUS
9 11 11 kv 1 Closed Transformer YES 0 0.1
BAR

C. Short Circuit Capacity of Bus Bars
In this section we will investigate the short circuit
capacity of various bus bars of 220 Kv Sub Station
with the help of power world simulator .Three phase
balanced fault is applied on various bus bars of
220kV substation and fault current is calculated. with
the help of fault current Short circuit Capacity of Bus
bars as shown in Table III. Strength of bus bar
depends upon the ability of bus bar to bear a fault.
So the strength of bus bar depends upon the short
circuit capacity of bus bar.

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 Proceedings of International Interdisciplinary Conference On Engineering Science & Management
Held on 17th - 18th December 2016, in Goa, India.ISBN: 9788193137383
TABLE -III SCC BEHAVIOR OF VARIOUS BUS BARS DURING 3-PHASE FAULT

Sr. No Location of fault Fault Current in Amp SCC of Bus Bar -1 (MW)

1 11 Kv Bus Bar 38803.3 7398

2 132 Kv Bus Bar 6768.280 1547
3 220 Kv Moga Bus Bar 7964.220 3034
4 220 kv S/S Baghapurana 7458.960 2842

5 220 kv S/S Bajakhana 6415.160 2444

6 220 kv S/S Kotkrore 6864.340 2615

7 220 kv S/S Sadiq 5115.460 1949

8 GHTP Bathinda 5507.320 2098

D. Calculations of Circuit Breaker Parameters

3- balanced fault is applied on various bus bars of 220 kV Substation and fault current is determined. With the
help of determined fault current different ratings of circuit breaker are tallied in Table IV.
TABLE IV DIFFERENT RATINGS OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Sr.No. Fault Type Voltage Short Breakin Making AC DC Short

location of fault level of Circuit g capacit compone compone time
the curren Capacit y in KA nt of nt of rating
system t in KA y in short short s
in KV MVA circuit circuit
current current
1 11 11 38.8 7398 98.94 54.87 27.435 47.5
2 9 132 7 1547 17.85 9.898 4.949 8.572
3 2 220 8 3034 20.4 11.32 5.66 9.8
4 8 3 220 8 2842 20.4 11.32 5.66 9.8
phase
5 6 Sym 220 6.4 2444 16.32 9.049 4.5245 7.835
fault
6 7 220 7 2615 17.85 9.898 4.949 8.57
7 5 220 5 1949 12.75 7.07 3.535 6.123
8 10 220 6 2098 15.3 8.484 4.242 7.348

E. Comparison between Actual and Determined TABLE -V COMPARISONS BETWEEN

Circuit Breaker Parameters EXISTING AND CALCULATED CIRCUIT
Practical model of Moga 220 kV grid substation BREAKER PARAMETERS
(shown in fig 1) has been analyzed and variousratings
of breakers are calculated as shown in Table V.

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 Proceedings of International Interdisciplinary Conference On Engineering Science & Management
Held on 17th - 18th December 2016, in Goa, India.ISBN: 9788193137383

Actual Determined [2] P. A. N. Garcia, Member, IEEE J. L. R. Pereira,

Circuit Ratings of Member, IEEE, M. P. Vinagre and E. J. Oliveira,
Parameters
Breaker Circuit Fault Analysis Using Continuation Power Flow and
ratings breaker Phase Coordinates ,Power systems, IEEE
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Frequency (Hz) 50 50 [3] Sharifuddin Mondal*, Goutam Chakraborty and

Rated current (A) 630 630 Kingshook Bhattacharyya, Unknown Input High

Making capacity Gain Observer for Parametric Fault Detection and

62.5 98.94 Isolation of Dynamical Systems, International
(kA)
Symmetrical MultiConference of Engineers and Computer
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2009, Hong Kong.
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Short time rating
25 47.5 Observer Scheme for Fault Detection, Isolation and
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Recovery of Satellite Thrusters, 2nd CEAS Specialist
Operating Duty O-0.3-CO- O-0.3-CO-
Conference on Guidance, Navigation & Control,
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V. CONCLUSION
[5] Wan-SukYool , Seung-Oh Kinr' and Jeong- Hyun
As demand of electrical energy is increasing day by
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 Proceedings of International Interdisciplinary Conference On Engineering Science & Management
Held on 17th - 18th December 2016, in Goa, India.ISBN: 9788193137383
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