Tagainst tiller number or (GAI) green area index, in the case of cereals or simply biomass in

maize.

This paper explains some of the principles behind these sensors and the types of vegetative
indices used to describe the crop in order that fertiliser optimisation can be achieved.

Introduction.

Present best practise does not take either spatial or temporal variation into account when
deciding on the level of nutrient to apply to a crop, but it is difficult to see how this could be
achieved without the benefit of additional information for the crop grower. The sensors
described in this paper are a vehicle to provide such information in allowing spatially
referenced measurement of the crop canopy to be made. In order to improve Nitrogen Use
Efficiency (NUE), we must identify the causes of low NUE with standard practice. This was
partially identified by Solari et al (2008) but can be extended to include:

1 Poor synchrony between soil N management practices and crop demand.

2 Uniform N application on spatially variable landscape producing
spatially variable N requirements.
31. The interionic distance of CsCl crystal will be (a = edge length)

a2
(a) a (b)
3a 2a
2 3
(c) (d)
32. What is the fraction of Ni2+ and Ni+3 ions in formula Ni0.98 O1.00 respectively?

(a) 96%, 4% (b) 92%, 8%

(c) 52% , 48% (d) 22%, 78%
33. Equal masses of methane and oxygen are mixed in an empty container at
25C. The fraction of the total pressure excerted by oxygen is : -

1 273 1

3 298 3
(a) (b)
1 273 2

2 298 3
(c) (d)
34. The ratio of most probable velocity to the average velocity is: -

2
2
(a) (b)
2
2
(c) (d)
35. According to the equation: 4NH3(g) + 5 O2(g)
4NO(g) + 6H2O(l); when 1
mole of O2 and 1 mole of ammonia are mixed, then

(a) 0.2 mole of H2O is produced (b) 0.1 mole of NO is produced

(c) all the oxygen will be consumed (d) all the ammonia will be consumed in order to
form 1 mole NO
36. An elements having equivalent weight is 4 amu and if its chlorides vapour
density is 59.50, then what will be its valency?

(a) 5 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
37. The weight of KClO3 must be heated to obtain 2.5g of oxygen is

(a) 6.35g KClO3 (b) 4.35g KClO3

(c)2.28g KClO3 (d) 20g of KClO3
38. How many moles of CO2 are left from 200 mg of CO2, when 1021 molecules are
removed?

(a) 0.00488 (b) 0.00444

(c)0.00288 (d) 0.00144
39. The charge of 1g ions of N3 in coulombs

(a) 3.243 x 105 c (b) 4.220 x 105 c

(c) 5.248 x 105 c (d) 2.894 x 105 c
40. A solution containing 4.77g of NaCl is added to a solution of 5.77 g of AgNO 3,
the weight of AgCl precipitated is

(a) 4.87 g (b) 5.00 g

(c) 3.28 g (d) 5.26 g
41. PH3 decomposes to phosphorous and hydrogen. The change in volume when
100 ml of such gas decomposed

(a) + 50 ml (b) 500 ml

(c) 50 ml (d) 500 ml
42. An element forms a salt, isomorphous with K2SO4. The equivalent weight of
this element is 13.16. The atomic wt. of element is

(a) 13.16 (b) 14.15

(c) 20.15 (d) 14.19
43. 14 g of gas has 3.011 x 1023 molecules. The molecular wt. of gas

(a) 28 (b) 14
(c) 7 (d) 18
44. Ca(OH)2 + H3PO4 CaHPO4 + 2H2O. The equivalent wt. of H3PO4 in the
reaction is

(a) 28 (b) 49
(c) 17 (d) 6
45. The weight in grams in 10 L of 0.5 M Ba(OH) 2 in solution

(a) 855 g (b) 800 g

(c) 400 g (d) 5.00 g
 3 Failure to apply fertiliser accurately so that target applications are
not met leading to sub-optimal use of fertiliser.
4 Failure to account for temporal variability and the influence of
differences in between season and within season weather patterns
on soil N availability and crop demands.
5 molecules. The molecular wt. of gas

(a) 28 (b) 14
(c) 7 (d) 18
6 Ca(OH)2 + H3PO4 CaHPO4 + 2H2O. The equivalent wt. of H3PO4 in the
reaction is

(a) 28 (b) 49
(c) 17 (d) 6
7

At the present time there are a number of crop growth

models available to farmers but these do not include a
spatial element and so spatial differences are not taken
into account and the farmer is back to farming by
averages. At the same time there is mounting pressure for
farmers to improve their environmental performance and
reduce leaching from crop growing situations. The focus of
this paper is the strategic management of nitrogen
fertiliser, in particular the application of remote sensing
techniques used to asse