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An Brief Introduction to
Problems with free breathing 3D scanning
4D CT Scanning
What is 4D CT? How does it work?
Steve B. Jiang, Ph.D.
Dept of Radiation Oncology
Univ of California San Diego
Acknowledgements
Paul Keall, George Chen,
Dan Low, Gig Mageras,
Ken Foster
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Interplay: Tumor Motion and Couch Motion Moving Objects during CT A Phantom Study
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Considerations of Organ Motion in CT Sim Basic Idea of 4D CT Scan
Breath-hold CT scan Over-sampling images at every
Voluntary breath hold position of interest along the
Active breathing control patients long axis
Combine inhale and exhale GTVs to get ITV Each image is tagged with
Slow CT san breathing signals
4 seconds per slice in axial mode Images are sorted
Gated CT scan retrospectively based on the
images at only 1 phase, acquisition times 4-5x longer corresponding breathing signals Photo Courtesy of Gig Mageras
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Sorting of 4D CT Images 4D Image Acquisition in Cine Mode
X-ray Tube
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4D Image Acquisition in Cine Mode 4D Image Acquisition in Cine Mode
X-ray Tube X-ray Tube
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4D Image Acquisition in Cine Mode 4D Image Acquisition in Cine Mode
X-ray Tube X-ray Tube
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4D Image Acquisition in Cine Mode 4D Image Acquisition in Cine Mode
X-ray Tube X-ray Tube
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4D Image Acquisition in Cine Mode 4D Image Acquisition in Cine Mode
X-ray Tube X-ray Tube
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4D Image Acquisition in Cine Mode 4D Image Acquisition in Cine Mode
X-ray Tube X-ray Tube
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4D Image Acquisition in Cine Mode 4D Image Acquisition in Cine Mode
X-ray Tube X-ray Tube
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4D Image Acquisition in Cine Mode 4D Image Acquisition in Cine Mode
X-ray Tube X-ray Tube
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Breathing
Signal
X-ray on Signal
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4DCT Scan of A Phantom 4DCT Scan of A Lung Tumor
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Courtesy of Eike Rietzel and George T.Y. Chen give the tumor/organ motion information
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Patient 5618
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What kind of artifacts can be caused by respiratory
motion in free breathing helical CT scanning? Answer: 5 All of the above
6% 1. Lengthen the target along the patients long axis References
2% 2. Shorten the target along the patients long axis
3. Displace the target center along the patients long Chen G T, Kung J H and Beaudette K P 2004
10% Artifacts in computed tomography scanning of
axis by as much as the motion amplitude
4% 4. None of the above moving objects
Semin Radiat Oncol 14(1): 19-26.
78% 5. All of the above
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