TYPES OF VFD

VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER (VSI):

Variable frequency and variable voltage supply for IM control can be

obtained from VSI. VSI allows a variable frequency to be obtained from a dc
supply. It can be operated as a stepped wave inverter or pulse width modulated
inverter. When supply is dc, variable dc input is obtained by connecting a chopper
between dc supply and inverter. When supply is ac, dc input voltage is obtained by
connecting a controlled rectifier between supply ac and inverter. A large
electrolytic capacitor is connected in dc link to make inverter operation
independent of rectifier or chopper and to filter out the harmonics in dc link
voltage.

Harmonics are reduced, low frequency harmonics are eliminated, associated

losses are reduced and smooth motion is obtained at low speeds also when inverter
is operated as pulse width modulated inverter. Since output voltage can be
controlled by PWM, no arrangement is required for variation of input dc voltage,
inverter can be directly connected when supply is dc and through a diode rectifier
when supply is ac.

Fig:4.VSI induction motor drives

V = m Vd / 2 2
 Where m is modulation index.

CURRENT SOURCE INVERTER (CSI):

In current source inverter, inverter behaves as current source due to the presence of
large inductance in dc link. For a given speed, torque is controlled by varying dc
link current by changing the inverter voltage. Therefore, when supply is ac, a
controlled rectifier is connected between the supply and inverter and when supply
is dc, a chopper is interposed between the supply and inverter. The maximum value
of dc output voltage of fully controlled rectifier and chopper are chosen so that the
motor terminal voltage saturates at rated value.

Fig:5.CSI induction motor drives

COMPARISON OF CSI AND VSI:

The relative advantages of CSI and V SI are

CSI is more reliable than VSI because

1 Condition of two devices in the same leg due to commutation failure does not lead
to sharp rise of current through them.

2 it has inherent protection against short circuit across motor terminals

 Because of large inductance in dc link and large inverter capacitors, CSI drives
has higher cost, weight and volume, lower speed range and slower dynamic
response.

The CSI drive is not suitable for multimotor drives. Hence, each motor is fed from
its own inverter and rectifier. A single converter can be used to feed a number of
VSI motor systems connected in parallel. A single VSI can similarly feed a number
of motors connected in parallel.