Engineering chemistry II

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PART-A
1. CO and CO2 (2marks)
2. Land filling method & incineration method (2marks)
3. The process of high molecular mass hydrocarbon decomposed (2marks)
into high molecular mass by the application of heat, catalyst, silica.
4. Combustion is a chemical reaction of fuel with oxygen that produce (2marks)
Heat and light
5. Ferrous alloys and non-ferrous alloys (2marks)
6. Gypsum was added during the manufacture of cement to delay the (2marks)
setting of cement
7. Adhesive is a substance applied to the surface of materials that binds (2marks)
them together.
8. Wood, rain proof cloth (2marks)

PART-B
9. Any three of the following (3x1=3marks)
It increase the sea level and affect the coastal cities
Temperature of the earth is increased
If affects food production
It causes damage to aquatic life
10.Any three of the following (3x1=3marks)
It affects the environment
It affects the human health
Ground water becomes contaminated
Solid wastes releases toxic gases
11. Refractories classified into three types. They are (3x1=3marks)
Acidic refractory, basic refractory, neutral refractory
12. Reducing the salt solution by reducing agents to produce (2+1=3marks)
metal powder.
Ex: Cu2O + H2 2Cu + H2O
13. Boron carbide prepared by heating of boron oxide with coke (2+1=3marks)
2B2O3 + 7C B4C + 6CO
14. White pottery used in Spark plugs, electrical insulators,
lab equipments and crucibles. (3marks)
15. Any three of the following (3x1=3marks)
It should chemically inert
It should not affected by heat,atmosphere
It should not have high viscous
It must be water repellant
It should have low co efficient of thermal expansion
16. Any three of the following (3x1=3marks)
Plastics are resistant to corrosion
Highly resistant
They are good electrical and thermal insulators.
They do not absorb by water
They can be easily mould to any form.

PART-C
17. a) Ozone layer depletion: (3marks)
Air pollutants like CFC, Freon are released from air crafts and refrigerators,
they accumulated in atmosphere. UV radiation decompose CFC to ozone.
Chlorine converts ozone to oxygen. Thus ozone layer depleted.
Effects of ozone layer depletion: (Any two) (2marks)
It causes skin cancer
It causes the change in DNA
It changes the earth climate and rainfall

b) Sewage:
Its a liquid waste of the community (1mark)
Harmful effects: (4marks)
It gives bad smell
It affects the aquatic life
It affects the pipe lines
It causes water borne diseases

c) Advantages of recycling: (any five) (5x1=5marks)

It helps the conversation of natural resources
It reduces the amount of waste
It reduce global warming
It reduces the pollution
 Waste materials that are in organics were used agriculture purpose.
Waste recycles through thermal treatment can used as fuel for boilers
The products obtained from recycling are cheap

18.a) Manufacture of water gas:

Mixture : CO + H2 (1mark)
Equation :
C+ H2O CO + H2 (1mark)
Diagram : (1mark)

Construction : (1mark)
0
Its endothermic reaction. Temperature at 1000 C to get CO
Calorific value : 2800 Kcal/m3
Uses: (1mark)
It used in welding purpose and industrial fuel

b) Given C 92%, Hydrogen 4%, oxygen- 2%, ash- %

C = 0.92kg H = 0.04kg, O = 0.02kg (1mark)
Formula,
Mass of air required = 100/23[ 32/12 x C + 8(H-O/8) + S] (1mark)
= 100/23[ 32/12 x 0.92 + 8(0.04-0.02/8) + 0] (2marks)
= 100/23[2.45 + 0.3]
= 4.348 x 2.75
=11.96Kg (1mark)
 c) Requirement for good refractories: (any five) (5x1=5marks)
Refractoriness Higher temperature stability
Refractoriness under strength It should have ability withstand the load at
high temperature
Thermal expansion It should be Low
Thermal conductivity - It should be Low
Chemically inert
Spalling- It should not be spalling
Porosity low porosity

19.a) Extraction of Titanium:

Ores : Rutile TiO2 (1mark)
Ilmenite FeTiO3
Extraction (2marks)
Ti(OH) 2 TiO2 + H2O
TiO2 + 2C + 2Cl2 TiCl4 + 2CO
TiCl4 + 4Na Ti + 4NaCl

Purification (1mark)
50-240C
Ti + 2I2 TiI4
1400C
TiI4 Ti + 2I2

Uses (1mark)
It used in construction of supersonic aircrafts and missiles
It used for hardening steel.

b) Purpose of Alloying: (5x1=5marks)

To increase the hardness
To improve machine ability of metals
To improve malleability & ductility of metals
To improve abrasion resistance
To improve corrosion resistance
 c) Applications of powder metallurgy: (any five) (5x1=5marks)
W powder filament for bulbs
Graphite powder metal bearing embedded
Diamond impregnated cutting tools
Wear resistant cutting tools
Surgical implants
Co & Ni powder electrical contacts
Ductile sheets of high melting metals W & Mo
Compact complicated geometric shapes

20.a) Manufacture of Portland cement:

Raw material: lime stone, clay, gypsm, coal (1mark)
Diagram (1mark)

Working method:
Preparation of slurry (1mark)
limestone, clay with water to form paste
Preparation of clinker (1mark)
Slurry introduced in kiln then heated up to 1500C gypsum added for delay
of setting cement powdered
Setting of cement (1mark)
Cement with water undergoes hydration hard rigid mass by series of
complex reactions
 b) Manufacture of white pottery:
Raw material : China clay, Feldspar, Flint (1mark)
Preparation of body ware: (1mark)
Materials are form into cream then filtered excess water article prepared
by Moulding bisque
Glazing : (1mark)
Glass materials to form slurry then fires to form smoothy surface
Decoration : (1mark)
Articles decorated by paints.
Uses : (1mark)
It used for prepare spark plugs, electrical insulators, lab equipments.

c) Characteristics of lubricants :(Any five) (5x1=5marks)

It should have moderate viscosity & oiliness
It should not evaporate easily
It should not form emulsion
It should chemically inert
It should not leave low carbon residue
It should not come out of the surface under pressure.

21.a) Mechanical properties of plastics: (Any five) (5x1=5marks)

Creep : plastic undergoes deformation
It have better impact strength.
It degrade at high temperature
It have very low tear resistance
Strength weight ratio is plastic is higher than metals
Transition temperature : plastic changes to elastomer
They are electrical insulators.
 b) Compounding of rubber: (5marks)

s.no component Function Example Marks

1 Reinforcing Increase the strength of ZnO, Carbon 1mark
agent rubber black
2 Colouring agent To give different colour Tio2, lead 1mark
chromate
3 Vulcanization To increase the hardness Sulphur 1mark
4 Accelerators Reduce vulcanization time Lime magnesia 0.5mark
5 Anti oxidants To prevent aerial oxidation Beta napthol 0.5mark
6 Plasticizers To get spongy rubber Vegetable oil 0.5mark
7 Fillers To increase volume Gypsum, mica 0.5mark

C )Application of composite materials: (Any five) (5x1=5marks)

It used in making automobile parts
It used in manufacturing of air craft parts
It used in making storage tanks, plastic pipes
It used in making fabrication of roofs and floors
It used in manufacturing of fishing rod and sports materials
It used in manufacturing of plastic parts and cutting tools
It used in making wire drawing dies, valves and spray nozzles.
Prepared by,
K. Adaikkalam, M.Sc,M.phil.,
Lecturer in chemistry,
Tamilnadu polytechnic college,
Madurai- 11