Facultad de Ingeniera, UNAM Anlisis Numrico (Semestre 2015-I) Clase 01 (Martes 06 de agosto del 2014)

Introduccin histrica de los mtodos numricos.

Ejemplo 1. La tabla Babilonia.

Numerical analysis is the study of algorithms for the problems of continuous mathematics (as distinguished
from discrete mathematics).

One of the earliest mathematical writing is the Babylonian tablet YBC 7289, which gives a sexagesimal
numerical approximation of , the length of the diagonal in a unit square.[1] Being able to compute the sides
of a triangle (and hence, being able to compute square roots) is extremely important, for instance, in carpentry
and construction[2]. In a square wall section that is two meters by two meters, a diagonal beam has to be
meters long.[3]

Numerical analysis continues this long tradition of practical mathematical calculations. Much like the
Babylonian approximation to , modern numerical analysis does not seek exact answers, because exact
answers are impossible to obtain in practice. Instead, much of numerical analysis is concerned with obtaining
approximate solutions while maintaining reasonable bounds on errors.

Numerical analysis naturally finds applications in all fields of engineering and the physical sciences, but in the
21st century, the life sciences and even the arts have adopted elements of scientific computations. Ordinary
differential equations appear in the movement of heavenly bodies (planets, stars and galaxies); optimization
occurs in portfolio management; numerical linear algebra is essential to quantitative psychology; stochastic
differential equations and Markov chains are essential in simulating living cells for medicine and
biology.Before the advent of modern computers numerical methods often depended on hand interpolation in
large printed tables. Nowadays (after mid 20th century) these tables have fallen into disuse, because computers
can calculate the required functions. The interpolation algorithms nevertheless may be used as part of the
software for solving differential equations and the like.
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Dr. Rogelio Hernndez
Facultad de Ingeniera, UNAM Anlisis Numrico (Semestre 2015-I) Clase 01 (Martes 06 de agosto del 2014)

Ejemplo 2) El algoritmo numrico para calcular la raz m-sima de un nmero a es:

Y para las races cuadrada, cbica, cuarta y quinta, correspondientes son:

Raz Algoritmo numrico

Cuadrada

Cbica

Cuarta

Quinta

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Dr. Rogelio Hernndez
Facultad de Ingeniera, UNAM Anlisis Numrico (Semestre 2015-I) Clase 01 (Martes 06 de agosto del 2014)

Aproximacin numrica.

Ejemplo) Determine . Presente las aproximaciones numricas en forma tabular y grfica.

Solucin.

El algoritmo numrico correspondiente es:

Considerando 0 = 15, se obtiene:

Comportamiento estable y convergente

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Dr. Rogelio Hernndez
Facultad de Ingeniera, UNAM Anlisis Numrico (Semestre 2015-I) Clase 01 (Martes 06 de agosto del 2014)

Comportamiento inestable y convergente

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Dr. Rogelio Hernndez