2/2/2017 RandomAccessProcedure(RACH)

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PHICH 1
RandomAccessProcedure(RACH)
RandomAccess 21 RandomAccessProcedure(RACH)
[http://nitintayallte
ResourceAllocat 12
tutorials.blogspot.com/2013/09/randomaccess
AllaboutPDCC 14 procedurerach.html]
RandomAccessProcedure:Inordertobesynchronizedwith
LTE(LongTerm 11
thenetwork,RACHprocedureisused.
SupposeaUEwantstoaccessthenetwork,sofirstitwilltrytoattach
orsyncronisewiththenetwork.InLTEaseparatechannelPRACH(
PhysicalRandomAccessChannel)isprovidedforinitialaccesstothe
network.

WhendoesUEneedtoperformRandomAccessProcedure:
Asperspecifications,RACHcanbeperformedinbelowmentioned
scenarios:
InitialAccessUEistryingtoaccessthenetworkinRRCidle
state.
DuringRRCconnectionreestablishmentprocedure.
Handover
Whenuplinksynchronizationislost:Itmeansfromacertain
durationnetworkhasnotreceivedanythingfromUEinuplink.
WhenUEdoesnothaveanyPUCCHresourcesavailablefor
SR(SchedulingRequest).
WhentimingadvanceisneededforpositioningpurposeinRRC
connectedstateforUE.

ToinitiatetheprocedureUElowerlayeswillsendaRandomAccess
Request(RACHRequest)afterreceivingrequestfromUERRC.

UEreceivesalotofinformationfromeNodeBinSystemInformation
(SIB2).It'simportanttounderstandthoseterminologiesfirst.

YoucanalsoreferLTE(LongTermEvolution)SIB2parameterssection.
1.RACHConfigurations
2.PRACHConfigurations

HowUEdecidesaboutwhenandwhereitneedstosendRACH
Request:
ItisdecidedonthebasisofparametersreceivedinSIB2PRACH
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2/2/2017 RandomAccessProcedure(RACH)

configurations.
Tayal'swaytolearnLTE UEcanuse6ResourceblocksforsendingtheRACHRequest.
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FromPRACHConfigIndexThereisamappinginspec36211table
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5.7.12fromwhichUEcanfindtheavailablesubframeswhereitcan
sendaRACH.
PHICH 1
Forexample:PrachConfigindexvalue=7,Fromtableitisclearthat
UEcansendaRACHReqinanysystemframebutsubframeshouldbe
RandomAccess 21
2and7.

ResourceAllocat 12
FromPRACHFrequencyOffsetThisvalueisalsoreceivedinSIB2by
AllaboutPDCC 14 UE.ItgovernswhichfrequencyresourceUEcanusefortheRACH
Req.
Example:IfthevalueofPRACHFreqOffsetis10.UEcanusethe6
LTE(LongTerm 11
PRB'sstartingfromPRB10forRACHRequest.

WhatexactlyRACHRequestcontains:
1.PreambleIndex:Therearetotalof64preamblesavailable
whicharedividedintotwogroupsGroupAandGroupB.UEdecides
thepreambleindexfromagrouponthebasisofparametersreceived
inSIB2:

numberofRaPreambles:eNodeBsendsthisvalueinSIB2which
denotesthetotalnumberofpreamblesavailableforUEtosendaRach
Request.

sizeOfRaPreamblesGroupA:Itrepresentsthenumberofpreambles
availablewithinGroupA.

SonumberofpreambleinGroupB=numberofRaPreambles
sizeOfRaPreamblesGroupA

MessageSizeGroupA:Itisusedforselectingapreamblefroma
group.Itsvalueisinbits.

NowUEneedstodecidethegroupfromwhichitneedsthepreamble.
GroupisdecidedonthebasisofsizeofMSG3(RRCconnection
request).

IfMsg3size>messageSizeGroupA,preamblewillbeselectedfrom
GroupB
elsepreamblewillbeselectedfromGroupA

Theactualformulaforselectingapreambleisgiveninspec36321sec
5.1.2.ThatcontainfactorsotherthanMSG3sizeaswell.Butmainly
thisishowUEdecidestheGroup.Fromtheselectedgroup,randomly
UEselectsapreambleindex.
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2/2/2017 RandomAccessProcedure(RACH)

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HowUEdecidesthePowerusedforRachrequest
Transmission:
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NowUEneedtodecidethepowerwhichwillbeusedforRACH
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Requesttransmission.Powerisdecidedonthefactorsreceivedin
SIB2as:
PHICH 1

preambleInitialReceivedtargetPower:Powerfactorwhichwillbeused
RandomAccess 21 forfirsttransmissionofRachRequest.Valuevariesfrom120dBmto
90dBm.
ResourceAllocat 12
powerRampingStep:ThisismainlyusedwheneNodeBisnotableto
AllaboutPDCC 14 detecttheRachRequestthenUEwillretransmittheRACHRequest
byincreasingthepowertopowerRampingStepfactor.

LTE(LongTerm 11
powerusedforRachRequesttransmission=
preambleInitialReceivedTargetPower+DELTA_PREAMBLE+
(PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER1)*powerRampingStep

DELTA_PREAMBLE=Thisispreambleformatbaseddeltaoffset.There
arefourformatsavailableforpreamblewhicharecalledaspreamble
formats.Wewillbeexplainingthemindetaillater.Mostofthetime
preambleformat0isused.

ForExample:
InSib2,preambleInitialReceivedtargetPower=100
powerRampingStep=2

FirstTransmissionofRachRequest:
PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER=1
Forpreambleformat0,DELTA_PREAMBLE=0
Powerused=100+0+(11)*2
=100

SupposeeNodeBisnotabletoreceiveit
SecondtransmissionofRachrequest:
PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER=2
Powerused=100+0+(21)*2
=98

UEwillsendtheRACHRequestcontainingthesevaluesinthe
specifiedsubframebyusingthespecifiedresources.

Innutshell,stepsfollowedbyUEforsendingaRachrequest:

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PHICH 1

RandomAccess 21

ResourceAllocat 12

AllaboutPDCC 14

LTE(LongTerm 11

HoweNodeBbehavesafterreceivingRandomAccessRequest:

1.AllocationoftemporaryRNTI(RadioNetworktemporary
Identifier):AfterreceivingRACHRequest,enodeBallocatesa
temporaryidentitytotheUEwhichismadepermanentafter
successfulRACHprocedure.ThepermanentidentityiscalledasCRNTI
(CellRNTI).ThisTCRNTIistransmittedtotheUEaspartofRACH
Responsewhichwillbeusedforfurthercommunicationbetweenthe
UEandthenetwork.

2.TimingAdvance:AfterreceivingRACHRequest,eNodeB
PHY(Physicallayer)calculatesthetimingadvancewhichistransmitted
totheUEaspartofresponsemessage.

AspartofRachresponse,absoluteTimingadvancevalueis
transmitted.

TimingadvancecalculationforRACHResponsemessage:
Asper3GPPspec,
Ts=1/(15000*2048)seconds
NTA=TA*16whereTA=11bitvalueforrandomaccessresponse
varyingfrom0,1,2....1282

NTA=Amountoftimealignment
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SotransmissionofuplinkradioframefromtheUEshallstart=
Tayal'swaytolearnLTE (NTA+NTAoffset )*Ts search

NTAoffset =0(Fortype1framestructure)
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=((NTA+0)*1)/(15000*2048)
PHICH 1
=(TA*16)/(15000*2048)seconds

RandomAccess 21 MainlythistimingadvancefundamentalisusedforeNodeBPHYto
receivetheUEmessageatcorrecttiming.ItispossiblethatUEisfar
ResourceAllocat 12 awayfromtheeNodeB,soforeNodeBtoreceivethedatafromUEat
correcttimingthistimingadjustmentsaredone.

AllaboutPDCC 14
Iftimingadvanceisreceivedinsubframen,UEshoulddothe
adjustmentfromthestartingofsubframe(n+6).
LTE(LongTerm 11

AftertheRandomaccessresponsemessage,enodeBdoesnotsend
absolutetimingadvancevalue.ItwillsendavaluewhichUEwilluse
toadjustthealreadystoredtimingadvancevalue.Wewillexplainthis
inTimingadvancesectionlater.

Referspec36213sec4.2.3andspec36211sec8.1fordetailsabout
timingadjustments

3.AllocateuplinkResources(ULGRANT):eNodeBwillprovide
therequiredinformationinRandomAccessResponse(RAR)message
forUEtosendtheMSG3(RRCConnectionRequest).

ULGrantisa20bitmessagewithcontentsfromMSBtoLSBas:
HoppingFlag:Thisis1bitofinformationwhichgovernswhether
frequencyhoppingisenabledornot.Ifthevalueofthebitis1
andresourceblockassignmentistype0,UEshouldperform
PUSCHfrequencyhopping.
WhatisFrequencyHopping:
AsweknowthatRBallocationiscontiguousinuplinkwhichmeans
eNodeBallocatescontinuousRB'sinfrequencydomain.Asindownlink
wehavemultipleresourceallocationpoliciestoachievefrequency
diversity.

Soinuplink,toachievefrequencydiversityFrequencyHoppingis
used.eNodeBcommunicatesrequiredparameterstoUE'sinSIB2
whichareneededforperformingfrequencyhoppingatUE.

ForExample:
SupposeeNodeBhasallocated5RB'stoaparticularUEinuplinkas
shownbelow.

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PHICH 1

RandomAccess 21

ResourceAllocat 12

AllaboutPDCC 14

LTE(LongTerm 11

ItisclearthattheallocationinuplinkintermsofRBiscontiguous.
ButeNodeBhasenabledfrequencyhoppingforthisUE.

Weareabletoachievefrequencydiversityincontiguousallocationas
wellduetohopping.Inthefigureabove,samecolorrepresentsthe
hoppingofUEdataindifferentslotsforaparticularRB.

Thereisalotmoretodiscussinfrequencyhopping.wewillbetaking
itlaterinthatparticularsection.

Asofnow,wecansummarizeitas:
Frequencyhoppingisusedtoprovidefrequencydiversityinuplink.Its
mainadvantageis,supposeinfrequencydomainatRB0channel
conditionsarebadbutatRB3conditionsaregood.Sointhatcase,UE
candecodethedataofRB0aftercombiningthesamecoloreddata.

ResourceBlockAssignment:Itis10bitsofinformation
embeddedinULGrantmessage.
HowUEdecodesthe10bitRBAssignment:
Accordingtospec36213sec6.1.1,UEdecodesitas:
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IfNULRB<=44
Tayal'swaytolearnLTE Truncatethefixedsizeresourceblockassignmenttoitsbleast
significantbitswhere,
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b=ceiling(log2(NUL RB*(NUL RB+1)/2))

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andinterpretthetruncatedresourceblockassignmentaccordingto
PHICH 1
therulesforaregularDCIformat0

RandomAccess 21
else

Insertbmostsignificantbitswithvaluezerowhere,

ResourceAllocat 12 b=(ceiling(log2(NUL RB*(NUL RB+1)/2)))10

andinterprettheexpandedresourceblockassignmentaccordingto
AllaboutPDCC 14 therulesforaregularDCIformat0

ForExample:
LTE(LongTerm 11
Letsassumethe10bitsoftheinformationas:1111111111
AssumeTotalnumberofuplinkRB'sinsystem=100

b=(ceiling(log2(NULRB*(NULRB+1)/2)))10
=(ceiling(log2(100*101/2)))10

=(ceiling(12.3))10

=1310
=3

So,RBassignmentwillbe:0001111111
RBassignment(valueindecimal)=127
NowweneedtointerpretitaccordingtotherulesofDCIformat0.

NumberofRB'sallocated=Floor(127/100)+1
=1+1
=2
RBstartindex=127mod100
=27

ModulationandCodingschemetobeusedbyUE:Itis4bitsof
informationinULgrantmessagewhosevaluevariesfrom0to15.
ThemodulationandcodingisdeterminedbyUEfromMCSindices
0to15intable8.6.1.1fromspec36213.
PowerusedbyUEforPUSCH:Itisindicatedin3bitsasaTPC
commandwhosevaluevariesfrom0to7.TPCcommandtopower
mappingismentionedintablebelow

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PHICH 1

RandomAccess 21

ResourceAllocat 12

AllaboutPDCC 14

ULdelay:1bitofinformationwhichcanbesetto0or1.It
LTE(LongTerm 11
indicateswhetherthedelayofPUSCHisintroducedornot.
CSIfield:This1bitofinformationdetermineswhetheran
aperiodicCQI,PMIandRIreportcanbeincludedinthePUSCH
transmission.ForcontentionbasedRandomaccessCSIfieldis
reserved.

eNodeBwillpreparearesponse(RandomAccessResponse)
withabovediscussedfieldsandsendittoUE.Butweneedto
understandthetimingofresponsemessagecorrespondingto
RachRequest.

Timingw.r.ttoRachRequestandRandomAccessResponse:

RARResponseWindowisthevaluetransmittedinSIB2.Youcan

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2/2/2017 RandomAccessProcedure(RACH)

refertheLTEbasicsectionformoredetails.Itsvalueisinsubframes.
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PHICH 1

RandomAccess 21

ResourceAllocat 12

AllaboutPDCC 14

LTE(LongTerm 11

Posted19thSeptember2013byNitinTayal

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