Nhng cng trnh ph tr:

Tng vn lt ngang
a. Cu to :
Tm vn lt ngang c chiu Np ng

30-50 150-200 150-200 12,16

dy ph thuc vo tnh ton

16-16
Vn lt ngang Np ng

Thanh g x lm np ng

100 - 150
Np ngang cc np ng
Thanh chng bng g trn

60 - 100
thng c ng knh 15 -
18cm Vng chng

Thanh vng tm, nm g, inh Vng chng

a Cu to tng vn lt ngang
Khong cch ca np ng,
np ngang, thanh chng c tnh ton theo iu kin n nh thnh vch
b. Thi cng
Nu t o c kh nng gi n nh thnh vch trong thi gian ngn (1 ngy) th sau khi o
xong, h mng c gia c bng cc mng g ln c ghp sn
Nu t km n nh hn th tin hnh gia c ngay trong qu trnh o t
o h mng ti su cn gia c
p cc tm vn lt ngang vo thnh h mng
Np thanh ng lin kt cc vn lt ngang vi nhau, np ngang c tc dng cc np
ng
Dng cc thanh chng tm ta kht vo cc np ng
Tip tc o n su thit k, cc thanh np ng tm thi s c thay dn bng cc
thanh di v chc chn hn
Ch khi thi cng
C th khng dng cc thanh np ngang m ch dng cc thanh np ng nhng trng
hp ny s lng thanh chng nhiu gy kh khn cho thi cng
Trng hp t dnh n nh h mng c chiu rng < 3m, khng su lm c th khng
dng cc thanh np ng cc cnh ngn
Trng hp h mng c chiu rng <6m, thanh np ng gia cc cnh hp c th chng
gi bng cc thanh nm ngang chng xin
 Nu khong cch gia hai thnh h mng qu rng phi c vng chng theo c hai chiu,
ch giao ct ca cc thanh chng yu cu c cc ct chng
to khng gian vng chc
Nu t dnh khng thm nc, h mng khng su(< 3m)
th vn lt ngang c th t tha cch nhau 10 n 20cm
tit kim vt liu

Yu cu khi thi cng

Din tch cc khung chng yu cu mt bng thi cng,
cng c th m rng din tch cc ny bng cch s dng cc thanh chng xin gc
Khong cch gia cc khung chng c b tr theo tnh ton nhng khng ln qu 1m v
khng nh qu trnh gy kh khn cho cng tc thi cng
Cnh trn ca vn p u tin nn cao hn ming h t nht 15cm t khng ri vo
h mng m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b thi cng
cc thanh chng t cht vo cc np ng v np ngang nn s dng nm g v inh a
c. Phm vi p dng
H mng c chiu rng < 4m v o trong lp t khng c nc ngm hoc mc nc
ngm su hn y h mng
Khi h mng cn gia c ch i cng on tip theo
Trong thi gian thi cng tip theo c th b nh hng bi ti trng t gn h mng

Tng vn lt ng
a. Cu to
Vn lt ng mt u vt nhn u kia thng c bc cc ai thp dy t 3-5 cm
Thanh np ngang vi cc khong cch ph thuc vo tnh ton (H8.18)
Thanh chng, inh a
b. Thi cng
S dng v g ng vn lt ng xung h mng n mt su nht nh
o t song song vi qu trnh lp thanh np ngang v thanh chng theo tng lp (vi cc
khong cch c tnh ton t trc)
Qu trnh thi cng nh vy lp li cho ti cao y mng
 16-16
Vn lt ng
Np ngang

100 - 150
60 - 100
Vng chng

Tng vn ngang kch thc nh hnh

a. Cu to:
Cc thp ch I s hiu 300 chiu di 8m

Cu to tng vn ngang kch thc nh hnh

Khung chng bng cc thanh thp nh hnh lin kt vi cc u cc bng hn nh hoc
bulng
Cc vn lt ngang kch thc nh hnh c th s dng li nhiu ln.
b. Thi cng
Dng ba rung, ba ng hoc khoan l trc ng cc thp ch I theo chu vi h mng vi
cc khong cch l 1.5m ti cao tnh ton
Lp h thng khung chng vo u cc cc thp bng hn nh hoc bu lng
o t ti y h mng v la cc thanh vn lt ngang gia hai cnh ch I. cc thanh
vn lt ngang ny p st vo thnh vch v sau ny tho ra c d dng nn s dng
np g n vo cc khe h gia vn v bn cnh ch I
Ch khi thi cng
Vn lt ring tng thanh nu chiu rng >20cm ngc li ghp li thnh cc tm vn g
nh
Cc vn lt c chiu di thng nht nh hnh c th s dng li nhiu ln
 Nu h mng c chiu su <3m khng cn b tr cc thanh chng ngang d dng thi
cng
Nu h mng qu rng hoc v iu kin thi cng khng cho php t cc thanh chng
ngang c th thay bng cc thanh ging g u kia lin kt vi cc np ng v cc neo
Chiu di, s lng, kch thc, su ng cc neo trong dt c tnh ton c th
Ch nn s dng khi t kh, lng nc ngm t, din thi cng rng ri v c th
neo cc c chc chn
c. Phm vi p dng
H mng c kch thc ln, nm trong cc khu vc khng b ngp nc
Thi cng ng ho, ng cng ngm trong thnh ph

Vng vy cc vn
a. Khi nim
Cc cc vn c ghp lin tc vo nhau v quy kn khu vc thi cng to thnh vng vy
cc vn
Ti cc v tr gy khc 90 o cc vn phi c cu to c bit vng vy cc vn c khp
kn trnh nc thm nhp
Kch thc vng vy c xc nh theo kch thc b mng sao cho m bo khong cch
tnh khng gia vng vy v b mng l >70cm
nh cc vn cao hn mc nc thi cng l 70cm
Hnh dng ca vng vy theo hnh dng ca b mng : hnh ch nht nu b mng hnh ch
nht , hnh van nu b mng c hai u trn hoc vt cnh
S lng cc vn xc nh theo chu vi vng vy
Cc cc c ng phng theo hai phng v tuyt i song song nu khng s gy ra khe
h hnh ch V cc v tr ghp gc
b. Cu to vng vy
Loi n gin :
Khng c kt cu chng u di ngm trong t u trn t do
To iu kin thun li cho qu trnh thi cng
Tng cc vn phi chu p lc ln do phi c tit din ln hoc ng su
Thch hp khi h mng khng su hoc c sn cc cc vn kho
 ai p

vng chng

Loi c khung chng :

Kt hp vi vnh ai v khung chng

thanh cng ai p
Khong cch gia cc khung chng ph
thuc vo tnh ton khng nn nh hn
1.5m d dng cho qu trnh thi cng do
c th s dng cc cc vn yu hn cc neo
nhng thi cng phc tp hn
Loi c thanh cng :
Cc thanh neo c b tr ngoi phm vi
h mng bng g hoc thp lin kt nh
tng cc vn bng cc cc neo
c s dung khi kch thc h mng rng v su
c. Vng vy cc vn g
Cu to
Cc vn g c chiu dy t 4 n 20cm tu thuc vo kt qu tnh ton v cng
Chiu di cc c xc nh theo chiu di h cc nhng thng <8m
mnh tnh ton khng ln qu 150
chn nc lt vo cc vng vy cc vn oc ghp st nh cc rnh mng
Nu cc vn loi mng c chiu dy 4n 8cm mng c hnh tam gic
Nu cc vn loi dy hn ch to mng hnh ch nht chiu rng bng 1/3 chiu
dy cc chiu su khng qu 5cm
Nu g khng dy c th ghp 3 tm hnh ch nht bng inh v bu lng
 Rnh mng vng vy cc vn g

Chn cc vn thng c vt nhn d dng xn t khi ng, nh cc vn c vt

phng v bt thp chng dp nt
Thi cng
ng cc chun ng knh 18-26cm cch nhau 2-2.5m chung quanh chu vi h mng su
hn chn cc vn 0,75-1,5m
Lp h thng ai p dn hng gm hai thanh song song tit din nh khng qu 14x14 t
cch nhau bng chiu dy cc vn. Khong cch ny c c nh bng cc cc tm thi
t cch nhau 2m thng thng c b tr ti cc cc chun ( v tr ny s c thay th
bi cac cc vn thp)
ng cc vn vo v tr gia hai thanh p ti v tr g m phi dng bu lng bt cht ai
p vi cc vn thp va ng trc
Lu khi thi cng
Trc khi thi cng nn ngm cc vn trong nc 10-15 ngy phng cc vn trng
n
Cc phi c ng theo hng mng li tin v pha trc
Ngoi phng n ng cc chun nh trn ngi ta c th s dng ng cc chun ng
gia ng tim cc vn v ai p s c b tr hai bn
Nu ba kho c th lin kt 2-3 cc vn li vi nhau bng cc inh a hoc mng chm
v c ai thp chung, inh a c ng cch nhau 1.5m ring on u v chn cc
khong cch ny l 0.5m
Trng hp t chc c ln cui si c th bc thp vo u cc cc vn
su ng cc vn ph thuc vo iu kin a cht, thu vnc tnh ton c th
Nu lp t khng thm nc nm khng su cc vn tt nht l nn ng ti lp t .
Khi nc ch c th vo h mng do cc khe mng ca cc vn khng kht v vy c th
bm trc tip
Nu lp t khng thm nc kh su chiu cao cc vn s theo tnh ton nhng >1m i
vi t dnh , ct th v >2m vi t st chy do, ct mn
gim bt chiu di cc vn c th h thp nh tng cc vn xung thp hn mt t t
nhin nh vy h mng pha trn c th o trn nu iu kin thi cng cho php.
d. Vng vy cc vn thp:
d.1. Cu to
Loi tm phng:

Loi lng mng: Cc vn Larsen (H8.28)

Loi ng trn.
S hiu cc cc vn theo thit k, chiu di cc khong 820m, khi cn di hn c th hn
ni.

Cc thng s k thut ca cc vn Larsen

M hiu b (mm) B (mm) H (mm) F (cm2) g (kG/m) J (cm4) W (cm3)

LS-IV 292 400 180 94,4/236 74/185 4660/39600 405/2200

 LS-V 332 420 172 127,6/303 100/238 6243/50943 461/2962

Lin kt gc vng vy. Khi cn thit c th ghp vng vy cc vn kp tng cng.

Kch thc ph thuc vo b mng v m bo khong cch tnh gia vng vy v b mt
ca mng 70cm.
V tr chn cc vn cch lng hng cc ngoi cng 0,5m, nh cc vn cao hn MNTC 0,7
m
Hnh dng vng vy: tu theo hnh dng b mng: Hnh trn (mng
trn ), van (mng hai u trn hoc vt cnh), hnh ch nht(mng
ch nht, ph bin).
S lng cc vn tu thuc chu vi vng vy. Nu hnh ch nht th
khp gc hai gc i din nhau, cn li khp gc ti mt v tr.
Cc u cc ta vo khung chng bng thp ch I hoc ch [, vnh
khung chng p st vo u cc v kin kt vi nhau khng bin
hnh m tng cng cho khung v khng gy kh khn cho thi cng.
Tu mc nc khng b tr hoc b tr mt hay nhiu khung chng.
Lin kt khung chng vi u cc dng nhng on thp 1416 un
thnh hnh ch U v hn ni hai bn thnh mng vi khung chng.
d.2. Bin php thi cng:
Yu cu: Phi ghp vng vy theo hnh
dng thit k ri dng ba rung (ba chuyn
dng: MS 2 v S 2, ba c hm kp) h Ba rung Cn cu
cc dn xung u nhau, tuyt i khng H ni
dng ba Diezel ng
Trnh t thi cng:
Dng ba rung ng mt s cc thp ch H
Cc vn thp
xung quanh vng vy lm cc nh v, Cc nh v

khong 23m/cc.
Dng cn cu lp khung chng ta trn cc
cc nh v lm khung dn hng cho cc cc vn.
T hp cc vn: t hp 35 cc thnh mt mnh trc khi ng. Dng cc thanh ray m
pha di v t hai cc hai bn lng mng hng ln trn, c nh khong cch gia
chng. Lun rp thanh gia khp vi cnh me cu hai thanh bn v dng ti ko chem.
Dng thanh kp, kp cc cc t hp li vi nhau.
 Xm me cc vn thp c tc dng lm kn mch ni ghp gia cc cc. Vt liu l rut
chn bng c hoc dy thng tm du thi.
Da vo khung dn hng ghp vng vy. Dng cn cu cu tng t hp cc theo phng
thng ng v la mt cnh me ca t hp vo hng cc ghp trc, di cnh me cn
li dng dy thng hoc mnh g lm nt ngn khng cho t hoc si chn vo, th t t
cho t hp cc trt thng theo rnh me v cm ngp chn vo nn.
Ti im hp long o khong h cn li ch to cc khp mi v tin hnh khp mi.
Dng ba rung h cc vn, i ln lt t mt gc cho n ht mt lt xung quanh vng
vy, chiu su h gia cc cc khng chnh nhau qu 1m.
d.3. u im v phm vi p dng:
cng ln, bn cao, dng trong iu kin nc ngp su trn 10m,
Kch thc vng vy khng hn ch, kt cu gn, t chn dng, s dng c nhiu ln.
Cc khp mng ca vng vy cc vn thp rt cht ch, c kh nng chu lc ko (x) ln
v kh nng ngn nc rt tt.
B dy tng i mng v c lm t vt liu thp (c cng cao) nn cc vn thp c
th ng qua c cc lp khng qu cng.

8.2.2.1 Thng chp khng y:

a. Cc loi thng chp:
Thng chp c ch to
bng BTCT.
Thng chp ch to bng
thp.
Thng chp c ghp ni t cc phao ni (KC).

gi long mn

th ng chp

H ni

Khung nh v

b. Trnh t thi cng thng chp:

Thng chp c ch to (lp ghp) sn trn b ri c a xung h ni tr ra v tr
thi cng mng.
 Trc khi h thng chp xung cn thc hin vic o hoc my ht to thnh h mng
phng su khong 0,5m.Dn khu vc y
sng, th cc bao ti ct xung lp xung
quanh thng chp lm thnh vng chn
khay tm thi n nh chn thng chp.
Dng gi long mn v h thng neo gi
gim sc y ca nc.Gi long mn dng
trn h ni ghp bng hai x lan c sc
ch ln v kh nng n nh cao. Gia hai Cu to tm vn thp
x lan lp h sn o, trn tin hnh 1 : Tn lt, 2 : cp mp bng thp gc 3 : sn
ghp thng chp. tng cng ng 4 : sn tng cng ngang
Nu chiu cao ca thng chp vt qu cao mc cu treo trn gi long mn th tin hnh
lp theo tng. Tng mt lp xong v h xung nc, mt phn kp gi trn sn o lp
tip tng hai. Sau tip tc h xung y.
Khi h cn neo gi h ni c nh. Khi xung n y cn ng cc cc thp ch H hoc
thp ng lm cc nh v, dn hng khi h v c nh thng chp khi h xung y.
Nu khu vc dng chy ln : dng cc vn thp ng thnh mt hng k chn nc tm
thi pha thng lu gim lc y ca nc.
Xung quanh y thng chp dng mt s on t vt b st vo mp thng lm im k.

Th ng chp

Bao ti ct Chn khay bng bao ti

BT bt y
Mp y th ng chp

T vt b y

Thp [ b y

Khi thng chp chm n y, tin hnh th cc bao ti ct xung xp chn xung quanh
mp thng chp gi n nh cho thng chp. Sau tin hnh lp b tng bt y ri
ht kh h mng.
Cu to thng chp :
ngn nc khng vo khu vc thi cng, thng chp phi c ghp cc tm c kch
thc thng nht ch to sn.
Cc tm tn c chiu dy 35 mm, c tng cng bng cc sn dc v sn ngang,
khong cch cc sn (300400mm)/sn.
 Xung quanh mp vn c ng bng thp gc L100x100x10v c khoan l lp bu
lng.
Bn mt phng ghp li vi nhau thnh hp nh h khung thp bao bn ngoi v cc ging
kho gc bn trong.
Kch thc thng chp bng kch thc b mng cng thm mi chiu (100150)mm.
Ghp cc tm vn thnh bn mt phng ca thnh hp bng bu lng 22 c m bng
giong cao su. Cc thnh hp lin kt vi nhau ti bn gc bng thp gc lin kt loi
L125x125x12 v bu lng pha trong thng chp tng cng bng h khung ging c kt
cu dng khung hoc dng dn.
Nu ghp mt phng ca vn ra ngoi th lin kt khung ging d nhng b tng bt y
th cc sn tng cng pha di n khng th ly ln c.
H khung chng tng cng m bo thi cng nng h v chu p lc t nhng khng
vng khi thi cng b mng v thn tr.
H khung ging b tr nhiu tng b tr
theo yu cu chu lc, c cu to thnh
R
dng dn khng gian vi cc thanh bin
l [ 30 v cc thanh cho l thp gc.
R
Mt cnh thanh bin lin kt vi cnh
mp ca tm vnthp thng chp.

H ni : (166-167 Thi cng cu tp 1) R

8.3.1.1 c im ca mng khi

C th t trc tip trn nn thin nhin
c dng cho nhng trng hp nn t chu lc di y mng nm cch mt t thin
nhin khng qu 6m, lp ny c th l nn t tt hoc nn .
Thng thi cng trong iu kin kh cn hoc nc ngp nng. Phn ln l nn nh
mng cu vm a hnh i ni.
Mng khi c khi lng thi cng ln, din tch y mng 80120m2, khi lng b tng
ti ch rt ln.
Bin php thi cng mng khi ln lt l : o c nh v h mng, o t h mng, x l
y mng, lp dng vn khun, b tng b mng, chng thm v p t h mng.
Trong mi bc thi cng la chn bin php thi cng thch hp cn cn c nhng yu t
sau :
Kch thc mng : Din tch y v chiu su t mng.
 Dng t nn : loi t, n nh ca mi dc, c hay khng c hin tng ct tri.
Dng nn di y mng : l nn t hay nn .
iu kin a hnh : bng phng hay sn dc, din tch mt bng thi cng rng hay cht
hp.
iu kin thu vn : kh cn hay ngp nc, trn cn th c hay khng hin tng nc
ngm. Trong khu vc ngp nc th nc ngp nng hay ngp su.
iu kin k thut ca n v thi cng : thit b o ly t, cng ngh ch to v cung cp
va b tng.
8.3.1.2 o t h mng
Nn kt hp cc bin php thi cng th cng v c gii tng tc thi cng v hiu qu
kinh t
Tu thuc vo v tr thi cng, nng lc nh thu c th la chn cc bin php thi cng khc
nhau. Bin php thi cng ny phi ph thuc cht ch vo phng php chng vch, cng
tc ht nc v m bo cu trc t nhin ca t
Khi s dng bin php c gii o t yu cu phi li 5 10 cm lp t cui cng
thi cng th cng m bo khng ph hoi cu trc t nhin ca mt t
t o t h mng yu cu phi vn chuyn ra xa h mng ch nn li mt phn
lp h mng sau ny. Nu t ra sng ch khng c gy cn tr dng chy nh
hng ti thi cng v cc phng tin vn chuyn trn sng
a. o t h mng bng bin php o trn :
o t bng my i, kt hp th cng :
ng mt t t nhin
My o gu nghch

Mt bng o bng my i

1m
H mng o bng th cng
0,5m

5-12m

Phm vi p dng : mng nm trn a hnh sn dc, c bit l mng m.

Phng php thi cng :
Dng my i chy theo hng ct ngang sn dc o bt sn dc h dn cao t nhin
n cao m cho php h mng c th tip tc o trn, hoc dng chng vch bng vn
g, nu khi lng o nh tin hnh o bng th cng v khng tp kt my vo v tr
ny c.
 t o san xung to mt bng thi cng, t thi t h mng c th vn chuyn bng
thng cha v cn cu.
o h mng bng my o gu nghch :
Phm vi p dng : i vi a hnh thi cng tng i bng phng, hoc kt hp mi i san
to mt bng v lm ng cng v cho my o cng vi xe ch t i n mt bng thi
cng.
Nhng im cn lu khi thit k t chc s dng my o :
Tm vi ca my : kh nng vn xa, cao, o n v tr thp nht .
V tr ng ca my so vi mp h mng m bo n nh vch ta luy.
Dung tch gu o v nng sut ca my.
ng di chuyn ca my n c th o c tt c cc v tr ca mng.
S lng xe ch t v b tr ng vn chuyn.
b. o t trong h mng c kt cu chng vch :
Tu vo kt cu khung chng quyt nh vic chn loi my o gu nghch hay my o
gu ngom
Kt cu chng vch phi
My o gu nghch
chc chn v bn vng
chu c p lc t v ti
trng thi cng.
Cn xem xt c ly gia cc
vng chng gu o ly
t mt cch d dng.
H mng o bng th cng
c. o t h mng trong
iu kin ngp nc :
Thng mng ngp nng khng th s dng h ni phc v thi cng. C th lm sn o
phc v thi cng, ly t bng my o ng trn sn o hoc thit b xi ht.
Thit b xi ht gm cc u vi xi nc ph t nn thnh bn v cc ht ri v u
ht thu lc hot ng bng hi p.
ng knh ng ht 250 300mm, i km song song vi ng ht l ng ng dn hi p
xung n u ht ca my.
Ti u ht ng ht c m rng v ng ng hi p c dn v thi ngc ln vo
trong ng ht to nn mt bung chn khng ti khu vc ca ht, do nc v bn b
cun vo vi theo lun kh p i ngc dc theo ng ht x ra ngoi
My c th ht cc vin ln: kch thc < 1/4 ng knh ng.
X l y mng
Yu cu : cch y mng 0,5m phi o t bng th cng nhm m bo tnh nguyn th,
ch c ly t i ch khng c b vo. o th cng tng lp mng 10 15cm.
Cng vic o xong l tin hnh b tng b mng. Nu phi ch mt thi gian mi
b tng mng th cha li 0,1 0,2m ngay trc khi b tng tin hnh o nt v to
phng bng lp m mng.
Vai tr ca lp m mng :
Bo v nn t di y mng khng b ph hoi do i li dm p trong qu trnh chun b
b tng b mng.
San phng y mng, to thnh lp lt gi v sinh cho ct thp v chng mt nc xi
mng. N m bo cht lng b tng b mng.
Cu to lp m mng : Cao lp lt mng thp hn cao y b. C 2 loi :
Hn hp dm ct c chiu dy 15cm m
Neo chng tr t
cht nu gp nn st t. Trc khi
lp dm m cn ht b lp t nho bn
trn sau ri v san ln dn.
Va b tng mc thp dy 10cm. y l
bin php rt hiu qu v n sch s, n
nh nn l vn y cho b mng. Nu b
c ct thp th phi dng b tng lt
mng. B tng lt mng trc tip vo nn va o v san phng v v bng m tay.
Nu nn c hin tng thm th dng hn hp b tng kh ri ln v m, b tng s ngm
v ninh kt.
Bin php x l y mng l nn :
Phi o bc i lp phong ho cng thp bn trn bnh qun 0,5m v to phng.
Ty lp phong ho bng ba hi p, nu khi lng khng ln c th p dng bin php
n mn lng nh v c che chn. thi c a vo thng cha v cu ln.
Sau , tin hnh chn neo chng trt trn mt : thng thng khoan l 42, l= 50cm
theo s mt sng, khong cch a=50cm.
Dng vi nc ra sch l khoan, nhi va xi mng ct t l 1 : 2 vo y cc l khoan,
khng to thnh cc ti kh trong l.
Neo cc thanh 32 c g di 100cm ng vo cc l nhi va ngp st y.
Sau , dng va b tng lng mt lp dy 5cm khp lt y mng to phng bng cao
thit k ca y mng
8.3.1.3 Bm nc trong h mng
Yu cu : Vic bm nc khng t y mng ngm trong nc v trong thi gian b
tng v khi mng ang ninh kt khng nc ngp ln cao y mng. V vy phi
b tr thng xuyn bm h mc nc xung thp hn cao y mng cho n khi b
tng b mng kt thc ninh kt (khong sau 4 gi).
Nu chiu cao ht nc di 6m thng s dng my bm ly tm c cng sut ln, c th
ht c nc bn, nc ln ct nh.
Nu chiu su ht nc trn 6m thng s dng my bm chn khng, nhng thng hay
c s c, n khng cho php nc bn c ln t ct.
Nc thm nhp vo mng bt ngun t cc ngun :
Nc ngm : Qng = 1,6.q.F(m3/h)
F : Din tch thm, m2.
q : cng thm qua 1m2 y mng, m3/h.m2. Tu thuc loi nn, vi
ct mn : 0,150,25 ; ct va : 0,30,5 ; ct mn :13.
m.F .h
Nc ma : Qma = .(m3/h)
24
m : h s d tr = 1,5.
F : din tch y h mng m2.
h : lng ma ngy ca lu vc.(mm)
Nc t : c sn trong h mng do bm v sinh y mng : Qt.
Xung quanh y mng lm rnh thot, dc dc 0,6% dn v 1 hoc 2 h t b tr gc
h mng, cc h t su hn cao y mng 0,7m. Dung tch h t phi m bo 1 gi
cha c cc loi lu lng trn. My bm hot ng khng di 10 pht. Xung quanh
h t dng g k chng st l v ly dm hoc sn si lt y h.
8.3.1.4 b tng mng
Khi lng b tng mng m tr cu l rt ln, hn na thi cng trong iu kin cht hp,
thi gian thi cng khn trng. Do , t chc b tng phi tin hnh chu o, trnh cc
s c xy ra.
Nu mng khi khng c ct thp chu lc, c th c thit k mt lp li y mng
bng ct thp ng knh ln tng cng : thng thng @=20x20, 25.
Vn khun bng g hoc thp chiu cao 0,71m, chiu di 2m dng quanh chu vi mng,
c lin kt vi nhau bng h thng inh v cc thanh np m bo phng, kht. Gi cho
b tng h mng khi x ra ngoi v gi t h mng khi x vo mng.
 B tng trong mi mt bc b mng c lin tc trong mt t, nu khi lng ln th
chia lm hai t , mi khi < 50m3, chiu cao mi khi <1,5m (nu bc co chiu cao
ln) v x l mi ni thi cng.
Ngun cung cp va :
Nu lng nh : trn ti ch.
Nu hng mc ln : Dng b tng trm trn tp trung cng trng.
Nu thun li : s dng b tng ti ca nh my.
Vn chuyn va t ni trn n v tr mng bng cc hnh thc :
Trt trc tip t my trn, nu trn va ti cng trng.
Bng my bm b tng.
Bng t t , nu c ly vn chuyn < 200m.
Bng xe vn chuyn va chuyn dng.
Cc hnh thc cp va t ming h mng m bo va khng phn tng :
Dng mng nghing : nu t chc trn ngay trn ming h mng, hoc trng hp thi cng
a hnh dc.
Trt va vo thng cha v dng cn cu vn chuyn xung di h mng.
Dng my bm va c s dng cn cu v di chuyn u ng.
S dng b tng ti : xe ch va c my bm ring, bm trc tip vo h mng.
Dng ng vi voi : va c trt tng lp 30cm v m k.
K thut x l b mt :
San b mt b tng to mui luyn nc cht chy ra xung quanh v khoan l nh mp
thnh nc chy ra ngoi.
Dng dm 4x6 ra sch cy ln b mt b tng theo c ly 25x25cm to nhm, khng
to vng ng nc.
Dng bt ph m bo cht lng b tng nu gp ma. Nu dng khng qu 30 pht
th c th thi cng tip.
Bo dng b tng : Gi m cho b tng trong qu trnh thu ho.
Nu s dng ph gia to lp ph b mt gi nc th khng cn ti nc.
Nu ti nc th duy tr trong 7 ngy m, trong 3 ngy u cch 3 ting ti 1 ln, ban
m ti t nht 1 ln, cc ngy sau ti t nht 3 ln/ngy.
Nu s dng che ph th s ln ti t i.
Thi im d vn khun :
Khi b tng t cng 2,5 Mpa.
 Sau khi d vn th thi cng phn trn ca mng.
8.3.1.5 p t lp h mng :
Sau khi mng cch v tr MTN 1m v c nghim thu th lp t.
Trc khi lp t phi qut nha un nng chng thm.
t p phi yu cu k thut v p theo thit k, p u bn gc h mng tng lp
0,2m v m k bng tay.