Electrical Notes & Articles Sharing Abstracts, Notes on various Electrical Engincering Topics Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor ‘OCTOBER31, 2011 2 ps HTTP: OTES. WORDP! FACTOR: DIVERSITY. FACTOR-UTILIZATION-FACTOR-LOAD-FACTOR/$COMMENTS) (1) Demand factor (in IEC, Max.Utilization factor (Ku)): = The word “demand” itself says the meaning of Demand Factor. The ratio of the maximum coincident demand of a system, or part of a system, tothe total connected load of the system. « Demand Factor = Maximum demand / Total connected load ‘= For example, an over sized motor 20 Kw drives a constant 15 Kw load whenever it is ON. The motor demand factor is then 15/20 =0.75= 75%. = Demand Factor is express as a percentage (%) or in a ratio less than 1), = Demand factor is always < 1 Demand Factor is always change with the time to time or hours to hours of use and it will not constant. = The connected load is always known soit will be easy to calculate the maximum demand if the demand factor for a certain supply is known at different time intervals and seasons, The lower the demand factor, the less system capacity required to serce the connected load. « Calculation: 1 (1) AResidence Consumer has 10 No's Lamp of 400 W but at the same time It is possible that only 9 No's of Bulbs are used at the same time. Here Total Connected load is 1040-400 W. Consumer maximum demand is 9x40-360 W. Demand Facto ofthis Load = 360/400 0.9 or 90%, = @) One Consumer have 10 lights at 60 Kw each in Kitchen, the load is 60 Kw x 10 = 600 KW. T (ON the same time (Demand factor=100% of 1) ‘= For this Consumer its observed that only half ofthe lights being turned ON at a time so we can say that the demand factor is 0.5 (60%), The estimated load = 600 Kw X 0.5 = 300 Kw. is will be true only i Alllights are Turns « Use of demand factors: += Feeder conductors should have sufficient Ampere Capacity to carry the load, The Ampere Capacity does not always be equal tothe total ofall loads on connected branch-ciecuits '= This factor must be applied to each individual load, with particular attention to electric motors, which are very rarely operated at full load ‘= As per National Electrical Code (NEC) demand factor may be applied to the total load. The demand factor permits a feeder ampearcity tobe less than 100 percent of al the branch-circuit loads connected to it ‘= Demand factor can be applied to calculate the size of the sub-main which is feeding a Sub panel ora fixed load like a motor etc. Ifthe panel have total load of 250 kVA, considering a Demand factor of 0.8, we can size the feeder cable for 250 x 0.8 200 kVA ‘= Demand factors for buildings typically range between 50 and 80 % of the connected load. = In an industrial installation this factor may be estimated on an average at 0.75 for motors. 1 For incandescentlighting loads, the factor always equals 1Demand Factor For Industrial Load Text Book of Design of Elect. Installation: Jain Electrical Load Demand Factor 1 Noof Motor 1 Upto 10 No's of Motor 078 Upt©20 Nos of Motor 065 Upto30 Nos of Motor 06 Up toad Nosof Motor 05 Up to50 Nos of Motor 04 Demand Factor Text Book of Design of Elect. Installation. Jain Utility Demand Factor Oiice Schoo! oa Hospital 05 ‘AirPort Bank, Shops, 06 Restaurant, Factory, 07 ‘Work Shop, Factory (24Hr 08 Shift Are Furnace 09 ‘Compressor 05 Hand tools oa Inductance Furmace 08 Demand Factor Saudi Electricity Company Distribution StandardUtility Demand Factor ‘Residential 08 Commercial 07 Flats 07 Fool 07s Mal 07 Resiaurant 07 Office 07 School 08 Common Area in building 08 Public Facity 075 Street Light 09 Indoor Parking 08 ‘Gutdoor Parking 09 Park / Garden 08 Hospital 08 Workshops 06 Ware House 07 Farms 09 Fuel Station 07 Factories 09 Demand Factor Text Book of Principal of Power System-V.K Mechta Utility Demand Factor Residence Load (<0.25 KW) Residence Load (<0'5 KW) 06 Residence Load (>0.1 KW) 05 Restaurant 07 Theatee 06Hotel 05 School 055 Small Industry 06 Store 07 ‘Motor Load (up to 10HP) 075 “Motor Load (JOHP to 20H) 045 ‘Motor Load @0HP to 100HP) 05 ‘Motor Load (Above 100H1P) 050 (2) Diversity factor: ' Diversity Factor is rato ofthe sum of the individual maximum demands of the various sub circuit ofa system to the maximum demand of the whole system, Sum of Indi = Diversity Factot the System. jual Maximum Demands / Maximum Demand of * Diversity Factor ~ Installed load / Running load. = The diversity factor is always >= 1. ' Diversity Factor is always >1 because sum of individual max. Demands >Max. Demand. = Inother terms, Diversity Factor (0 to 100%) isa fraction of Total Load that is particular item contributed to peak demand. 70% diversity ‘means thatthe device operates a its nominal or maximum load level 70% ofthe time that itis connected and turned ON. 1 tis expressed as a percentage (%) ora ratio more than 1. 1 If we use diversity value in % than it should be multiply with Load and if we use in numerical value (1) than it should be divided with Load. "Diversity occurs in an operating system because all loads connected to the System are not operating simultaneously or are not Smaltaneously operating at their maximum rating. The diversity factor shows thatthe whole electrical load does not equal the sum of its parts due to this time Interdependence (ie, diverseness) 1» In general terms we can say that diversity factor refers tothe percent of time available that a machine. 70% diversity means that the device operates at its nominal or maximum load level 70% ofthe time that itis connected and tuned ON. 1 Consider ts Feeders with the same maximum demand but that occur at different intervals of time. When supplied by the same feeder, the demand on such is less the sum ofthe two demands. In electrical design, this condition is known as diversity * Diversity factor isan extended version of demand factor. It deals with maximum demand of different units at a time/Maximum demand. of the entire system. 1 Greater the diversity factor, lesser is the cost of generation of power. ‘= Many designers prefer to use unity asthe diversity factor in calculations for planning conservatism because of plant load growth uncertainties, Local experience can justify using a diversity factor larger than unity, and smaller service entrance conductors and transformer requirements chosen accordingly. 1 The diversity factor forall other installations will be different, and would be based upon a local evaluation ofthe loads to be applied at different moments in time. Assuming it to be 1.0 may, on some occasions, result in a supply feeder and equipment rating that is rather Jarger than the local installation warrants, and an over investment in cable and equipment to handle the rated load current. Ibis better to evaluate the pattern of usage ofthe loads and calculate an acceptable diversity factor for each particular case. « Calculation:= One Main Feeder have two Sub feeder (Sub Feeder A and Sub Feeder B), Sub Feeder-A have demand at a time is35 KW and Sub Feeder-B have demands at a time is 42 KW, but the maximum demand of Main Feeder is 70 KW. Total individual Maximus Demand =35+42=77 KW. ‘Maximum Demand of whole System-70 KW So Diversity factor of The System= 77/70 =1.1 Diversity factor can shoot up above 1. = Use of diversity factor: 1» The Diversity Factor is applied to each group of loads (eg. being supplied from a distribution or sub-distribution board). ' Diversity factor is commonly used for a complete a coordination study for a system. This diversity factor is used to estimate the load of a particular node inthe system. ' Diversity factor can be used to estimate the total load required fora facility or to size the Transformer 1 Diversity factors have been developed for main feeders supplying a number of feeders, and typically 1.2 to 1.3 for Residence Consumer and 1.1 to 1.2 for Commercial Load, 1.50 to 2.00 for power and lighting loads. "= Note: Reciprocal ofthe above rato (will be more thant 1) also is used in some other countries, 1 Diversity factor is mostly used for distribution feeder size and transformer as well as to determine the maximum pe load and diversity factor is always based on knowing the process. You have to understand what will be on or off ata given time for diferent buildings and this will size the feeder. Note for typical buildings diversity factor is always one. You have to estimate or have a data records to create 24 hhours lad graph and you can determine the maximum demand load for node then you can easily determine the feeder and transformer size 1» The diversity factor ofa feeder would be the sum of the maximum demands ofthe individual consumers divided by the maximum ‘demand of the feder. Inthe same manner, itis possible to compute the diversity factor on a substation, a transmission line or 2 whole utility system, 1 The residential load has the highest diversity factor. Industrial loads have low diversity factors usually of 1.4, street light practically unity and other loads vary between these limits. Diversity Factor in distribution Network (Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers” by Fink and Beaty) Elements of System | Residentis! | Commercial | Se | Large tndustrial Between individual 2.00 146 148 Between transformers 130 130 135 105 Betweun fers 15 1s 15 105 Betwoen substations, 10 10 10 110 From users to 2.00 146 1a transformers From users to feeder 260 150 195 15 From users to 3.00 218 224 132 substation From users 329 240 2.46 145 generating station Diversity Factor for Distribution SwitchboardsNumber of circuits Diversity Factor in % (ks) “semble etry tested ands 7% Gand a S09 70% TD and move cm Ascobes partial tested even ane 100% chose Diversity Factor as per IEC 60439 Circuits Function | Diversity Fatorin% ks) Tang we Fieting andar conditioning ae Sackett 7% Titsand catering hoist For the mot power motor 100% Tor te second mest power maton Be Forallmotor we Diversity Factor for Apartment block ‘Apartment Diversity Factor in % (k3) 204 1 STo19 078 ote 068 1ST 19| 058 20724 049 257029 046 30 TOS oe 35 To39 oa400 40 oat '50'To Above 0.40 Diversity Factor Text Book of Principal of Power System-V.K Mehta ‘Area Residence Ltg | Commercial Lig] Ind. Ltg Between Consumer 3 15 15 13 13 13 Between Feeder 12 12 12 Between $$ Md 1 mT (3) Load factor: "= The ratio ofthe Actual Load of equipment to Full load of equipment. « Load Factor=Actual Load / Full Load 1 It isthe ratio of actual kilowatt-Hours used in a given period, divided by the total possible kilowatt -hours that could have been used in the same period at the peak KW level. = Load Factor = ( energy (kWh per month) )/ ( peak demand (kW) x hours/month ) ‘= Inoother terms Load factor is defined asthe ratio of Average load to maximum demand during a given period. = Load Factor= Average Load / Maximum Demand during given Time Period = The Load factor is always <=1. Load Factor is always ess than 1 because maximum demand is always more than average demand. Load Factor can be calculated for a single day, for a month or fora year. Load factor in other terms of efficiency Itis used for determining the overall cost per unit generated, Higher the load factors GOOD and it will more Output of Pla, lesser the cost per unit which means an electricity generator can sell, more electricity a a higher spark spread, Fixed costs are spread over more kWh of output. A power plant may be highly efficient at High load factors. ' Low load factor isa BED. A low load factor wil use electricity inefficiently relative to what we could be if we were controlling our peak demand. A power plant may be ess efficient at low load factors, ‘= For almost constant loads, the load factor is close to unit. 1 For Varying Load Factor is closed Zero. ' Load Factor isa measure of the effective utilization ofthe load and distribution equipment, i. hi utilization of the transformer, line or cable. ‘= Ahigh load factor means power usage is relatively constant. Low load factor shows that occasionally a high demand is et. To service that peak, capacity is sitting idle for long periods, thereby imposing higher costs on the system. Electrical rates are designed so that ‘customers with high load factor are charged less overall per KWh, = Sometimes utility companies will encourage industrial customers to improve their load factors. = Load factor is term that does not appear on your utility bil, but does affect electricity costs, Load factor indicates how efficiently the customer is using peak demand. = Calculation: Joad factor means better1 Motor of 20 hp drives a constant 15 hp load whenever itis on. "= The motor load factor is then 15/20 = Demand Factor & Load Factor Introduction to Power Requirement for Building — J. Paul Guyer, Utility Demand Factor] Load Factor (%) 0) ‘Communications ~ buildings 60-65 “Telephone exchange building 70 ‘Air passenger terminal building ‘Aircraft fre and rescue sation 17 ‘Aircraft line operations building 6.80 24.28 Academic instruction building 1060 2226 “Applied instruction bullding 35465 2428 Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory 70-80 22.28 ‘Matedals Laboratory 2732 Physica Laboratory 7080 22.28 lecrcal and electronics laboratory 20-30 37 (Cold storage warchouse 7078 2028 General warehouse 75.80 23.28 ‘Controlled humidity warehouse rr Hlazardous/flammable torchouse 75.80 Disposal, salvage, scrap building, Hospital 3842 Taboratory 32.87 2028 K+ schools 72 schools ay ‘Churches 25 Post Otic 7380 Reval store 70 2522 Bank 7580Supermarket Restaurant 1875 ‘Auto repair shop 3040 15:20 Hobby shop, atjcrafts 3040 Bowling alley 7078 10.15 775 20-45 Skating ink Indoor swimming pool 55.60 2550 Theatres 13 Library 7580 Golf cabhoase 7580 15:20 ‘Mseum 7580 (4) Coincidence factor (in IEC, Factor of simultaneity (ks) 1» The reciprocal of diversity factor is coincidence factor f= The coincidence factor isthe ratio of the maximum demand of a system, or part under consideration, to the sum of the individual ‘maximum demands ofthe subdivisions idual maximum demands = Coincidence factor = Maximum demand / Sum of in: 1» Expressed asa percentage () or a ratio les than 1 « The Confidence Factor is always <' ‘= Usually Confidence Factor will decrease as the number of connected customers increases. "= The factor ks is applied to each group of loads (eg, distribution or sub-distribution board). 1 The determination of these factors isthe responsibilty ofthe designer, since it requires a detailed knowledge of the installation and the conditions in which the individual circuits are to be exploited, For this reason, itis not possible to give precise values for general application, (5) Maximum demand: 1» The maximum demand of an installation is the maximum rate of consumption expressed in amperes, KW or KVA. Tes generally taken as the average rate of consumption over a period of time. Example the 15-minute maximurn kW demand for the week was 150 kW. Maximum demand does not include motor starting currents or other transient effects, Fault currents and overload currents are also excluded. Maximum demand in KW is relevant only for metering/tariff purposes. ‘= Maximum demand (often referred to as MD) isthe largest current normally carried by circuits, switches and protective devices. It does ‘not include the levels of current flowing tnder overload or short circuit conditions. ‘= Maximum Demand is a greatest ofall demands that occur during a specific time = The major disadvantage of allocating load using the diversity factors is that most utilities will ot have a table of diversity factors and sometime it snot viable to determine accurate Diversity Factor. In this situation Maximum Demand is very helpful to calculate size of Feeder or TC. = The kVA rating of all distribution transformers is always known fora feeder. The metered readings can be taken to each transformerbased! upon the transformer rating, An “allocation factor” (AF) can be calculate, Allocation Factor= Metered Demand (KVA) / Total KVA. Equipment Demand= AF x Total KVA of Equipments Calculation: Actual Loading or Size of TC-l and TC2. tricalnotes fl m/201 UK ‘= Total Load on TC = = Maximum Diversity Demand of 1C-1= 41 / 1.1 =37.3 KW, = Total Load on TC-2 =+3+12+02= 21 KW. ‘= Maximum Diversity Demand of TC-2= 21 /1.2 17, 1 Total Load= 373+ 175-348 KW. 11191280841 KW. KW, Allocating Factor (AF}= M.D / Total Load ‘Allocating Factor (AE)=0.27, Actual Load on TC-1=0.27%37.3 = 1.20 KW. Actual Load on TC-2°0.27017.5 = 4.8 KW. Assessment of maximum demand is very easy for Resistive Load , For example, the maximum demand of a 240 V single-phase 8 kW shower heater can be calculated by dividing the power (8 KW) by the voltage (240 V) to give a current of 33.3 A. This calculation assumes a power factor of unity, which isa reasonable assumption for such a purely resistive load. 1 Lighting circuits pose a special problem when determining MD. Discharge lamps are particulary difficult to assess, and current cannot bbe calculated simply by dividing lamp power by supply voltage. The reasons for this are Control gear losses result in additional current, the power factor is usually les than unity so current is greater, and Chokes and other contzol gear usually distort the waveform of the crarrent so that it contains harmonics which are additional to the fundamental supply current, = So long as the power factor ofa discharge lighting circuit is not less than 0.85, the current demand for the circuit can be calculated from: = current (A)=(lamp power x 1.8)/ supply voltage (V) ‘= For example, the steady state current demand of a 240 V circuit supplying ten 65 W fluorescent amps would be: [= 1OX65X1.8A /240= 488A, 1» Switches for circuits feeding discharge lamps must be rated at twice the current they are required to carry, unless they have been specially constructed to wilhstand the severe arcing resulting from the switching of such inductive and capacitive loads, "= There is generally confusion between Demand factor and Diversity factor. Demand factors should be ideally applied to individual loads and diversity factor to a group of loads ‘= When you talk about ‘diversity’ there are naturally more than one or many loads involved. '= Demand factor can be applied to calculate the size of the sub-main, which is feeding a Sub panel ora fixed load like a motor ete, individual Load, "= Demand factors are more conservative and are used by NEC for service and feeder sizing, 1 Ifthe Sub panel have total load is 250 kVA, considering a Demand factor of 0.8, we can size the feeder cable for 250 x 0.8= 200 kVA. 1» The Diversity Factor is applied to each group of loads ( g, being supplied from a distribution or sub-distribution beard), size the ‘Transformer = Demand factors and diversity factors are used in design. For example, the sum of the connected loads supplied by a feeder is multiplied by the demand factor to determine the load for which the feeder must be sized. This load is termed the maximum demand of the feeder. ‘The sum of the maximum demand loads for a number of sub feeders divided by the diversity factor for the sub feeders will give the ‘maximum demand load tobe supplied by the feeder from which the sub feeders are derived Calculate Size of Electrical Switchgear by Demand & Diversity Factor:‘The estimated electrical demand forall feeders served directly from the service entrance is calculated by multiplying the total connected loads by their demand factors and then adding all ofthese together. This sum is divided by the diversity factor (frequently assumed to be unity) to calculate the service entrance demand which is used to determine ampacity requirements forthe service entrance conductors When used Diversity and Demand Factor in an electrical design it should be applied as follows, the sum of the connected loads supplied by a feeder-circut can be multiplied by the demand factor to determine the load used to size the components of the system, ‘The sum of the maximum demand loads for two or more feeders is divided by the diversity factor for the feeders to derive the maximum, demand load. Example-1: Calculate Size of Transformer having following details: tty Feeder Breaker-1 Demand Load Feeder Breaker-IxDemand Factor, Feeder Breaker-1 Demand Load-2000%0,7=1400 KVA, Feeder Breaker-2 Demand Load Feeder Breaker-2xDemand Factor, Feeder Breaker-2 Demand Load-1500*0,6-900 KVA. Feeder Breaker-3 Demand Load Feeder Breaker-3xDemand Factor, Feeder Breaker-2 Demand Load-1000*0.5-500 KVA, ‘Total Feeder Breaker Demand-1400+900-500-2800KVA. ‘Transformer Demand Load= Total Feeder Breaker Demand / Diversity Factor. ‘Transformer Demand Load=2800/1.1 =2545 KVA If we Calculated Total Load on Transformer without any Demand & Diversity=2000+1500+1000—4500KVA. But after Calculating Demand & Diversity Factor Total Load on Transformer =2545 KVA Example 2: Calculate Size of Main Feeder of Main Transformer having following Details: a ons rarer Toons glares alg re ies oh om nh Brera ofGrep tse recat Grout ‘poraty atereun 1 ‘Sum of Maximum Demand of Customer on‘TC-1 =10 KWx0.65 65 KW ‘Sum of Maximum Demand of Customer on TC-2 =20 KWx0.75 =15 KW ‘Sum of Maximum Demand of Customer on TC-3 =30 KWx0.65 =19.5 KW As Diversity of Consumer Connected on TC-1 is 1.5 0, ‘Maximum Demand on TC-1=6.5 KW/1.5= 4 KW. ‘As Diversity of Consumer Connected on IC-2is 1.1 50, Maximum Demand on TC-2 =15 KW/L.1 = 14 KW= AsDiversity of Consumer Connected on TC-3 is 1.5 0, = Maximum Demand on TC-3 =19.5 KW/L5~ 13 KW. 1» Individual Maximum Demand on Main Transformer =04+14+13=31 KW. ‘= Maximum Demand on Main Feeder =04+14413 /1.3 =24 KW Significance of Load Factor and Diversity Factor ‘= Load factor and diversity factor play an important part inthe cost of the supply of electrical energy. Higher the values of load factor and diversity factors, lower will be the overall cost per unit generated. ‘= The capital cost of the power station depends upon the capacity ofthe power sation. Lower the maximum demand of the power station, the lower isthe capacity required and therefore lower isthe capital cost ofthe plant, With a given numberof consumers the higher the diversity factor of their loads, the smaller will be the capacity ofthe plant required and consequently the fixed charges due to capital investment will be much reduced, 1 Similarly higher oad factor means more average load or more number of units generated for a given maximum demand and therefore ‘overall cost per unit of electrical energy generated is reduced due to distribution of standing changes which are proportional to maximum demand and independent of numberof units generated. ‘= Thus the suppliers should always try to improve the load factor as well as diversity factor by inducing the consumers to use the electrical energy during off peak hours and they may be charged at lower rates for such schemes. FILED UNDER UNCATEGORIZED About Jignesh.Parmar Jignesh Parmar has completed M-Tech (Power System Control), B.E(Electrical) from Gujarat University. He has more than 13 years ‘experience in Power Transmission-Power Distribution-Electrical energy theft detection-Flectrical Maintenance-Flectrical Projects(Planning- Designing-coordination-Execution). He is Presently associate with one of the leading business group as a Deputy Manager at “Ahmedabad, India, He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel Sheets of Electrical Engineering as per IS.NEGIEGIEEE codes. He i technical Author for "Electrical Mirror’ and "Electrical India” Magazines. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with English, Hindi, Gujarat, French languages. He wants to Share his experience & knowledge and help technical enthusiasts to find suitable solutions and updating themselves on various Engineering Topics. 68 Responses to Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor Manish says: ‘Thank you very much for such a good and detailed article Your blog posts are always quite good ! smber 9,2011 at 10: ‘Asa junior F&I Engincer, [herewith thank you for your kindness of sharing your knowledge. {ook foreward to mare of your work, Reply ‘S.SAMBATH says: November 29,2011 at 1:36 pm Sir, The informations are very useful like me as Electricity Board Engineer. Thank wand I expect more, ssambathReply Zaheer khallak says May 30,2012 at 7:15 am dea si, thanks alot both of wi am electrical engineer and im working in consultancy firm in pakistan ‘ mostly design high rise offcal and residential building. i want to share and gain some important knowledge about designing for Allofu and every one how help me. thanks Zaher khattak shaz consultant Peshawar Pakistan available on Facebook chemie says: ‘November 30, 2011 at 621 am ‘me from malaysia... ware great sir. thanks alot Reply Md Saminddin says: DecemberZ. 2011 at 58am ‘Dear Mr. Jignesh Parmar, ‘The details provided by are very useful. Excelent! need a small help. 1am an Indian, native of Andhra Pradesh. lam a mechanical engineer, Arabia “The details inthe power summary report are: Connected Power Usage = 1290KWH After multiplying by power factors and maximum utilization factors individually to each equipment the sum is ~53 Example: Crane connected power = 95 kwh; power factor = 0.6; Max. Utlan, Factor 0.75 gives 95kwh X 0.6 X 0. indling a new project in Jeddah, Saudi Now, If want buy the generators (OR) to ask for electricity dept. what power should I ask? Willi be 1290KWIH or 585 KWH? Please clarify and explain me to improve my awaeness in this perticular topic because always come across with such incidents Please reply to me tomy email: (or) ‘Thanks for your support in advance. Best Regard ‘Ma Samiuddin Plant manager MIMCo,, Jeddah KSA. Reply Mansour A, says: wary 15, 2012 at 7:08 pm Thank u very much Mr. Parmar, [really get use and understand these factors which were confused to me. have set this ste in favourities ooking foreward to read your good activities. Reply francis azumah says: am very greatful for the explanatory notes i say well done but needs more of that. thank you Reply Rahman says: very useful link thank you Reply opeyemi says: ‘March 17.2012 at 632 am_ Great answer,t really meet my demand Reply ranx says: ‘March 23,2012 at 657 pm ‘Thank for your kindness, your explanation very useful and very understadble tous. Reply anx says:March 23, 2012 at 658 pm ‘Thanks forthe sharing of your knowledge this s very useful to my design. Reply anam says: April 25, 2012 at 1:03 pm can ihave the definition of growth factor? Reply goldwincs says: June 18, 2012 at 242 pm. {great post can you explain about peak diversity factor? Reply ahmed nazmi says: ‘what the difference between diversity factor and diversity factor (ks) and where i will use diversity factor, diversity fact demand factor (ks) and August 8, 2012 at 5:45 pm reat, please do more post and detailed explanation Reply my name is okekhian stanley. says: August 16, 2012 at 2:34 pm. TTaank you for your knowiedge. This will be of help in my field work, Reply kwame says: August 16, 2012 at 257 pm ‘Thanks very much, Iam really enlightened alot Reply Jose Antonio Martins says: September 28, 2012 at 606 pm Dear Mr. Jignesh Parmar, ‘The details provided about thisissue ate very useful Would you mind informing me about the origin ofthe table: ‘Diversity Factor for an apartment lock”? Please answer meby email ‘Thanks for your sapport in advance. Reply Jose Antonio Martins says December 19, 2012 at 821 pm TThave already found the referred table inthe French Standard “NF C 14-100 (2008): Low-voltage mains installations". Please consider the corrections: = where is“40To 40” should be “40 to 49”" = where is "50 To Above, ks = 0,40" should be '50 to Above, ks = 0.38", Reply dhananjay Prasad says October 12,2012 at 2:18 am ‘Thank you sir Reply salman p says: November 7.2012 at 8:16 am thank u sir Reply figer says: ‘November 19, 2012 at 11:05 am Very good article, but these calculation derived from which Code or standard 77? specially table (Demand Factor & Load Factor according to Type of Industries), because these values is varied and depend on the practice wise Reply Jignesh Parmar say:November 19, 2012 at 2:35 pm Yes, Agree with you. This is just reference Value This Value vary according to it's user's Profile. We can not predict the actual value but this table value helpful us to calculate more realistic assumption. | got this Table from one Book or Manual. itis more valuable for You than 1 will defiantly convey it's Reference Source, Reply tiger man says: November 20,2012 at 7:48 am ‘Many thanks for your reply , and i hope to send to me this reference or book it will ea kind from you Samer says: january 2, 2013 at :10 am Can you please provide me with the reference source? Itis very important to me. Thank you for the great article, Regards. Ron Chatterii says: ‘December 5.2012 at 1:26 pm Tam from US, My name is Kon. I want to talk with you on something, Please tell me what phone I can call and time, I will call you after getting your 3 Reply Jignesh.Parmar says: December 5, 2012 at 2:20 pm Tam available on Email My Email Id isjguparman2yahoo.com Reply ‘Mohammed says: February 24, 2013 at 4:16 pm Dear Jignesh, ineed the references of y demand and coincidence factros tables. are they as per any intemational / national codes. Your kind reply will bne helful in studying a project. MABari Shakil says: july 6, 2013 at 2-49 am, Jignesh.Parmar,{ need your help.{ am fm Bangladesh. lam also a electrical engineer saw that you have most experience in power sector In15th july,a Bangladeshi power generation company call ainterview:1 am also a candidate for that interview Sir please give some materials and tell me how can i got that job.1like to inform you that have no experience to work any power plant am a fresher electrical engineer says: December 5, 2012 at 1:27 pm need your phone # andl the time/date Reply minhaz says: December 23, 2012 at 5:00 am exellent Reply saad says: December 28, 2012 at 9:31 am thanks dear Reply Mark Iason Acopio Obordo says: January 17.2013 at 2:08 pm, thanks!inow iknow.) Reply colin challinger says: Rebruany 5.2013 a 2:59 am HilIhave an appartment block with 12 flats to cost and they are all electrily heated toa pot divesty equals 2.4 Kva ref to ks) wil this factor sill apply to the incoming main? Reply Percy Makhuvha says: Ks 1/28, 2013 at 8.28 arn ‘Thank you very much know lam happyReply Allan Sanjose says: March 18,21 Your first statement regarding demand factor is always less than one, if your demand factor is 100% that is equal to one. Philippines Reply is say: March 18,2013 at 2:25 pm Please carefully Read Definition First! Demand Factor = Maximum demand of a system / Total connected load on the system. ‘Your max demand never goes beyond connected load so D.F is always les than 1 Hope this clarification may clear your dough, Reply Rahul says: March 21, 2013 at 5:22 pm Dear si Tame across another frrula like ‘Maximum normal running plan load ~ 100% sum ofall continuously operating loads + 30% sum of all ntermitent loads, ‘Where 10% and 30% are considered asthe diversity factors of continuous and intermittent loads respectively Sir do you know which industry is this formula commonly used. can you explain this formula, Thope you wl reply to my question Reply Khwaja Salim says: April3, 2013 at 9:36 am, ‘Thank You Mr. fignesh Parmar. Itis very useful in designing of electrical installtion Reply John says: May 11, 2015 a¢2:52 pm ‘Dear Sir, I would lke to learn about the reference for this info.Thank you very much for your kind help. Reply avtar singh says: May 27, 2013 at 10-44 am ‘Dear sir, one confusion is that if my conected load is 450 kw and consumption is 307 kwh then what the rating of incomming twansformer please tell me brief. Reply Bala says: ‘September 22,2013 at 5:56am ‘Thank You Mrlignesh Parmar Reply prit chitroda says: (October 3.2013 at 6:04 pm, very usefull things u have given, thanks, Reply saad says: ‘November 2.2013 at 8:04 am_ thank you very much. Reply atest says: ‘November 12.2013 at 7:52 am this isa test Reply aki says: November 25,2013 at 817; thank wanaReply haseebullha says: November 25,2013 at 12:51 pm, rice and simple information thanks for your effort Reply irdan ray bodiongan says: January 17,2014 at Sd am ‘hat is the demand factor and load factor for drafting room? Reply Alberto Gasmen says: February 24,2014 at 821 pm Basically, these data for the DEMAND and DIVERSITY factors are excellent info fora fast estimation of POWER SUPPLY, CABLE / WIRE SIZES, many thanks thanks for the article... it helped me, thanks Reply SP Sarathy says: March 23, 2014 at 12:46 pm Your effort is laudable, We stand to gain with your sharing in a simple way. Reply ashok chaudhary says: September 7, 2014 at 6:00 am thanks for useful And applicable kno wige Reply Harish Kumar Johri says: September 8, 2014 at :10 am ‘Thank you Mr. Jignesh! Nice explanations of these Electricity factors in ane Article Harish Kumar Johri, L&T Faridabad. Reply Rafiq says: September 21, 2014 at 5:55 pm ‘Thanks for this note, hopefully can i know what is your reference for this... Im glad to know...thanks in advance Reply Godfrey says: November 15,2014 at 8:45 am ‘Am appreciation for this provision ofthe infomatiom about diversity factor bcauseits alway’ difficult to find reliable notes for this topic Reply Daramola Dele says: November 23,2014 at 700 am, ‘your article is always edifying my studies. May God Bless you more and mare Reply Daramola Dele says: ‘November 24, 2014 at 10:06 am hhow can get this paper Reply Mahmoud Elghazaly says: December 29,2014 at 1:14 am thank you very much for such valuable informations Reply Rajesh says: lanuary 19, 2015 at 12:12 pm Very simple explanation and realy valuable Thisisan antibiotic for my knowledge Reply zak says: ‘March 2, 2015 at 12557 pmdear Jignesh ‘have a small question regarding the transformers. {need to know according to NEC what isthe percentage to be loaded for the capacity ofa transformer. Asa practice we always consider 80% of total kva of a transformer. ex. if we have 1600 kva tr then we can use 1600*80% = 1280 kva, we can use only 1280kva instead of 1600 kva. supoose your total load is 1400 kva then you have to go to higher size that is 2000 kva. Reply usman says: ‘April2, 2015 at 7412 am, nice effort for making it understandable to non technical aso. Reply RAJNISH KUMAR says: O15 at 9:30 Sir thanks for providing useful information as it helps in preparation of amie Reply monaco del pasao says: ine 16, 2015.01 5:38 am great notes but alot of spelling mistakes Reply avnish kumar says: july 6,2015 at 941 am iam plant engineer(electrcial). dis concept always we r using, so undestand the LF,DF et. Reply Actually sir, Could you please more detail for me about what is the Ku and What isthe Ks cos i still confuse with what you showed above. Best regard, Reply 8463838172 says: August 22, 2015 a¢ 2:58 pm Sir am electrical engg, student i want to write research paper on rural electricity so could you help me Reply sourabh vishwakarma says: N 9, 2015 at 7:37 am thank you for this information but i have an Question :- if have 2000kw connected load than how much kva transformer we should use either higher from 2000kw or below. according to your calculation it give very low capacity capacity of transformer. please reply. Reply Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. ‘The Enterprise Theme.