Created by:

MIRA ZAHRA FAUZIYAH

PSIKOLOGI
1 C
 GRAMMAR
1.Noun
Definition:
Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place ,thing
,animal or idea. In linguistics a noun is a member of a large, open lexical
category whose member can occur as the main word in the subject of a
clause, the object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Example:

2.Adjective

Definition:
In grammar an adjective is a describing word the main syntactic
role of which is to quality a noun or noun phrase, giving more information
about the object signified.
Example:

3.Adverb
Definition:
Is an adverb that explains how or how something happens. Adverbs of
manner are generally located after the main verb or after the object.
Example

4.Tenses
Definition:

Tenses is a grammatical category, typically marked on the verb, that

deictically refers to the time of the event or state denoted by the verb in
relation to some other temporal reverence point.

Simple past tense

Definition:the simple past or past simple, sometimes also called the
preterite, consists of the bare past tense of the verb (ending in, ed for
regular verbs, and formed in various ways for irregular ones, see
English verbs for details). In most questions (and other situations
requiring inversion) when negated and in certain emphatic statement,
a perpiphrastic construction consisting of did and the bare infinitive of
the main verb is generally used instead see do support.
Past continuous tense
Definition:we usually use the past continuous to talk about activities
that lasted for sometime in the past the actions can be interruped by
something or can be happening at the same time.
Past perfect tense
 Definition:the past perfect sometimes called the pluperfect,combines
past tense with perfect aspect it is formed by combining had (the past
tense of the auxiliary have) with the past participle of the main verb.
It is used when referring to an event that took place prior to the time
frame being considered. This time frame may be stated explicitly, as a
stated time or the time of another past action.

Past perfect continuous tense

Definition:the past perfect progressive or past perfect continuous
(also known as the pluperfect progressive or pluperfect continuous)
combines perfect progressive aspect with past tense. It is formed by
combining had (the tense of auxiliary have) been (the past participle
of be) and the present participle of the main verb.
Simple present tense
Definition:present is a syntax that we use when we want to convey an
idea that is routine or occur at any time.
Present continuous tense
Definition:the present progressive or present continuous is a form
which combines present tense with progressive aspect. It thus refers
to an action or event conceived of as having limited duration, taking
place at the present time. It consists of a form of the simple present of
be together with the present participle of the main verb.
Present perfect tense
Definition:the present perfect (traditionally called simply the perfect)
combines present tense with perfect aspect, denoting the present
state of an actions being completed, that is that the action took place
before the present time. (it is thus often close in meaning to the
simple past tense, although the two are not usually interchangeable).
It is formed with the present tense of the auxiliary have (namely have
or has) and the past participle of the main verb.
Present perfect continuous tense
Definition:the present perfect progressive (present perfect
continuous) construction combines perfect progressive aspect with
present tense. It is formed with the present tense of have (have or
has) the past participle of be (been) and the present participle of the
main verb. This construction right up to the present or has recently
finished.
Simple future tense
Definition:the term simple future, as applied to English, generally
refers to the combination of the modal auxiliary verb will with the
bare infinitive of the main verb, sometimes (particulary in more formal
or old fashioned English) shall is preferred to will when the subject is
first person (I or we) see shall and will for details. The auxiliary is
often contracted to ll see english auxiliaries and contractions.

Simple Past Tense Past Continuous

Tense
(+): s+v2+o (+):cs+was/were+v.ing+o

(-) : s+did+not+been+v1+o (-) : s+was/were+not+v.ing+o

(?): did+s+v1+o? (?): was/were+s+v.ing+o?

Past Perfect
Past Perfect Tense
Continuous Tense

(+):s+had+v3+o (+):s+had+been+v.ing+o

(-) :s+had+not+v3+o (-) :s+had+not+been+v.ing+o

(?):had+s+v3+o? (?):had+s+been+v.ing+o?

Past future perfect tense

Definition:the future perfect combines perfect aspect with future time
reference. It consists of the auxiliary will (sometimes shall in the first
person, as above) the bare infinitive have and the past participle of
the main verb. It indicates an action that is to completed sometime
prior to a future time of perspective or an ongoing action continuing
up to a future time of perspective (compare uses of the present
perfect above).
Past future perfect continuous tense
Definition:the future perfect progressive or future perfect continuous
combines perfect progressive aspect with future time reference. It is
formed by combining the auxiliary will (sometimes shall, as above) the
bare infinitive have the past participle been and the present participle
of the main verb. Uses of the future perfect progressive are analogous
to those of the present pefect progressive, except that the point of
reference is in the future.

Simple Present Tense

Present Continuous
Tense
(+) : s+v1(s/es)+o (+):s+is/am/are+v.ing+o

(-) : s+do/does+not+v1+o (-) : s+is/am/are+not+v.ing+o

(?) : do/does+s+v1+o? (?) : is/am/are+s+v.ing+o?

Present Perfect
Present perfect tense
Continuous Tense

(+): s+have/has++v3+o (+): s+have/has+been+v.ing+o

(-) : s+have/has+not+v3+o (-) : s+have/has+not+been+v.ing+o

(?):have/has+s+v3+o? (?):have/has+s+been+v.ing+o?

Past future continuous

Simple future tense
tense

(+): s+will/shall+v1+o (+): s+would/should+be+v.ing+o

(-) : s+will/shall+not+v1+o (-) : s+would/should+not+be+v.ing+o

(?): will/shall+s+v1+o? (?): would/should+s+be+v.ing+o?

Past future perfect Past future perfect

tense continuous tense

(+): s+would/should+have+v3+o (+): s+would/should+have+been+v.ing+o

(-) : s+would/should+not+have+v3+o (-) :

s+would/should+not+have+been+v.ing+o

(?): would/should+s+have+v3+o? (?): would/should+s+have+been+v.ing+o?

5.Passive voice
Definition

Is a voice that indicates that the subject is the patient or recipient of the
action denoted by the verb.

Tenses Active Passive

1.simple past tense We ate rice Rice was eaten by us
2.past continuous We was eating rice Rice was being eaten by
tense us
3.past perfect tense We had eaten rice Rice had been eaten by
us
4.past perfect We had been eating rice Rice had been being
continuous tense eaten by us
5.simple present tense We eat rice Rice is eaten by us
6.present continuous We are eating rice Rice is being eaten by us
tense
7.present perfect We has eaten rice Rice has been eaten by
tense us
8.present perfect We has been eating rice Rice has been being
continuous tense eaten by us
9.simple future tense We will eat rice Rice will be eaten by us
10.past future We would be eating rice Rice would be being
continuous tense eaten by us
11.past future perfect We would have eaten Rice would have been
tense rice eaten by us
12.past future perfect We would have been Rice would have been
continuous tense eating rice being eaten by us