FACULTY : ENGINEERING

EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: DIRECT SHEAR EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
TEST AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2016

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

LABORATORY

LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEETS

COURSE CODE BNP 20903

EXPERIMENT CODE EXPERIMENT 5

EXPERIMENT TITLE DIRECT SHEAR TEST

DATE

GROUP NO.

(1)
LECTURER/ INSTRUCTOR
(2)

DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION

RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP

COMMENTS:

TOTAL MARK (FROM RUBRIC 1

ASSESSMENT)
 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: DIRECT SHEAR EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
FACULTY
TEST OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2016
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

LABORATORY RUBRIC ASSESSMENT

1. CLO: Organize comprehensive design and execution procedures for geotechnical as well as
geo-environmental laboratory and in situ measurements with practical considerations
(PLO2-P,P5; Project);

(PLO2- P4) 10%

Level of Achievement

Excellen
Very Weak Weak Modest Good
Elements t
1 2 3 4 Level Weight Score
5
Equipment
/ Tools
Major Minor No mistakes Students are
Mishand-
mistakes mistakes while using comfortable P1 P4 /20
ling the
Choose the while using while using equipment/ with the
equipment/
suitable equipment/ equipment / tools, but not equipment/
tools
equipment/ tools tools comfortable tool s
tool s
Experiment

Display a good Most of the

All Major Some Procedures P4 5 /25
handling and procedures
procedure procedures procedures are followed
understanding are followed
s are are missing are missing correctly
of Experiment correctly
missing
Measurement
Most data All data are
Measure and All data Most data are correctly taken but
taken, no minor data All data are P4 5 /25
taking data are are missing
missing are incorrect correctly
with efficiency missing or or incorrect
data taken
incorrect

Respond to
Able to
Q&A respond and
Minimum Limited Able to Unable to
Respond and ability to ability to answer respond and respond
constructivel P3 3 /15
answer to the respond answer and answer and answer
question and answer sometimes y most of the constructivel to the
accordingly. to the do not match time. y at all question
question. the question. times. accordingly.
Disciplines

Show the good

discipline by
follows the Major flaws Minor flaws Minor flaws Conform to Conform to
rules below; to criteria, to criteria, 5 to dress code dress code, all criteria
P2 3
10 minutes minutes late and safety minor flaw 2/15
-Dress Code late to safety

-Lab
Regulations &
Safety
 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: DIRECT SHEAR EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
TEST AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2016

STUDENT CODE OF ETHICS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

I hereby declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also admit to not accept or

provide any assistance in preparing this report and anything that is in it is true.

1) Group Leader __________________________________ (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________

2) Group Member 1 ___________________________________ (Signature)

Name : ___________________________________
Matrix No : ___________________________________

3) Group Member 2 __________________________________ (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________

4) Group Member 3 __________________________________ (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________

3
FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: DIRECT SHEAR EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
TEST AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2016

4
 1.0 OBJECTIVES

TO DETERMINE THE PARAMETER OF SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOIL, COHESION, c AND

ANGLE OF FRICTION, .

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this experiment, students are able to:

a. Determine the shear strength parameter of the soil

b. Handle shear strength test, direct shear test

3.0 INTRODUCTION
The general relationship between maximum shearing resistance, f and normal stress, n for soils can
be represented by the equation and known as Coulombs Law:

f c tan

where: c = cohesion, which is due to internal forces holding soil particles together in a solid mass

= friction, which is due to the interlocking of the particles and the friction between them

when subjected to normal stress

The friction components increase with increasing normal stress but the cohesion components remains
constant. If there is no normal stress the friction disappears. This relationship shown in the graph
below. This graph generally approximates to a straight line, its inclination to the horizontal axis being
equal to the angle of shearing resistance of the soil, and its intercept on the vertical (shear stress)
axis being the apparent cohesion, denoted by c.

1
 4.0 INSTRUMENTS /APPARATUS / CHEMICAL / REAGENTS

1. Shear box carriage

2. Loading pad
3. Perforated plate
4. Porous plate
5. Retaining plate

5 PROCEDUR
1. Verify internal measurement using vernier calipers. The length of the sides, L and the
overall depth, B.
2. Fix base plate inside the shear box. Then put porous plate on the base plate. Fit
perforated grid plate over porous so that the grid plates should be at right angles to the
direction shear.

2
 3. Fix two halves of the shear box by means of fixing screws
4. For cohesive soils, transfer the soil sample from square specimen cutter to the shearbox
by pressing down on the top grid plate. For sandy soil, compact soil in layers to the
required density in shear box
5. Mount the shear box assembly on the loading frame
6. Set the dial of the proving ring to zero
7. Place the loading yoke on the loading pad and carefully lift the hanger onto the top of the
loading yoke.
8. Apply the correct loading to the hanger pad.
9. Carefully remove the screws clamping the upper half to the lower half
10. Conduct the test by applying horizontal shear load to failure. Rate strain should be
0.2mm/min
11. record readings of horizontal and force dial gauges at regular intervals.
12. Conduct test on three identical soil samples under different vertical compressive strsses,
1.75kg, 2.5kg and 3.25kg

6 CALCULATION EXAMPLE
Specimen No.: 1

Loading : 1.75kg

Displacement Proving Ring Shear Stress Strain

3
 Load, P (kN) (kN/m2)
Dail Gauge L (mm) Dail Gauge

20 0.04 34 0.2975 82.64 0.00067

40 55

60 67

80 76

100 85

120 93

140 100

160 105

180 110

200 116

220 120

240 125

260 127

280 131

300 135

320 137

340 140

360 141
380 144

400 146

420 148

440 150

460 151

480 154

500 156

520 157

540 158

560 159

580 160

600 161

620 162

4
 640 162

660 162

- Strain ( 20 mm dial gauge reading) :

Dai l gauge 0.002

Total length

20 0.002

60

0.00067

- Shear Stress (20mm dial gauge reading):

Dail gauge 0.00875

Area

34 0.0875

0.06 0.06

82.64 kN / m 2

7 RESULT & CALCULATION

Specimen No.:

Loading :

Displacement Proving Ring

Shear Stress Strain
Dail Gauge L (mm) Dail Gauge Load, P (kN)

5
6
Specimen No.:

Loading :

Displacement Proving Ring Shear Stress Strain

Dail Gauge L (mm) Dail Gauge Load, P (kN)

7
Specimen No.:

Loading :

Displacement Proving Ring Shear Stress Strain

Dail Gauge L (mm) Dail Gauge Load, P (kN)

8
 - Plot graph Shear Stress (kN/m2) versus Strain
- Plot graph Shear Stress versus Normal Stress
- Find c and value

8 DISCUSSION

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9 CALCULATION

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10 QUESTION & ANSWER

QUESTION 1

a. Why perforated plate in this test with teeth?

b. What maximum value of displacement before stop the test?

QUESTION 2

a. What is the purpose of a direct shear test? Which soil properties does it measure?
b. Why do we use fixing screw in this test? What will happen if you do not removed them
during test?

ANSWERS

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10
Prepared by/Disediakan oleh : Approved by/Disahkan oleh :

Signature/Tandatangan : Signature/Tandatangan :
Name/Nama : Name/Nama : ASSOC. PROF DR.
SURAYA HANI ADNAN
Date/Tarikh : FEBRUARY 2015
Date/ Date/Tarikh : FEBRUARY 2015

11