INTRODUCTION

We students taking Additional Mathematics are required to carry

out a project work while we are in Form 5.This year the Curriculum
Development Division, Ministry of Education has prepared four
tasks for us.We are to choose and complete only ONE task based on
our area of interest.This project can be done in groups or
individually, and I gladly choose to do this individually.Upon
completion of the Additional Mathematics Project Work,we are to
gain valuable experiences and able to :

 Apply and adapt a variety of problem solving strategies to solve

routine and non-routine problems

 Experience classroom environments which are challenging,

interesting and meaningful and hence improve their thinking skills

 Experience classroom environments where knowledge and skills

are applied in meaningful ways in solving real-life problems.

 Experience classroom environments where expressing ones

mathematical thinking,reasoning and communication are highly
encouraged and expected

Experience classroom environments that stimulates and enhances

effective learning.

Acquire effective mathematical communication through oral and

writing,and to use the language of mathematics to express
mathematical ideas correctly and precisely

 Enhance acquisition of mathematical knowledge and skills

through problem-solving in ways that increase interest and
confidence

 Prepare ourselves for the demand of our future undertakings and

in workplace
 Realise that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in
solving real-life problems and hence develop positive attitude
towards mathematics

 Train ourselves not only to be independent learners but also to

collaborate, to cooperate, and to share knowledge in an engaging
and healthy environment
 Use technology especially the ICT appropriately and effectively

 Train ourselves to appreciate the intrinsic values of mathematics

and to become more creative and innovative

Realize the importance and the beauty of mathematics

APPRECIATION
Thank you to GOD for giving the will to me to complete this
Additional Mathematics project.Secondly, I would like to thank the
principle of Sekolah Menengah Saujana Utama ,Puan Salmah Binti
Muhd Yasin for giving me the permission to do my this Additional
Mathematics Project Work. I also like to thank my Additional
Mathematics teacher, ….for the guide and giving useful and
important information for me to complete this project work. Besides
that, I would like to thank my parents for their support and
encouragement. Lastly, a special thanks to all my friends for their
help and cooperation in searching for information and completing
this project work.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF
STATISTICS
By the 18th century, the term "statistics" designated the
systematic collection of demographic and economic data by
states. In the early 19th century, the meaning of "statistics"
broadened, then including the discipline concerned with the
collection, summary, and analysis of data. Today statistics is
widely employed in government, business, and all the
sciences. Electronic computers have expedited statistical
computation, and have allowed statisticians to develop
"computer-intensive" methods.

The term "mathematical statistics" designates the

mathematical theories of probability and statistical inference,
which are used in statistical practice. The relation between
statistics and probability theory developed rather late,
however. In the 19th century, statistics increasingly used
probability theory, whose initial results were found in the17th
and 18th centuries, particularly in the analysis of games of
chance (gambling). By 1800, astronomy used probability
models and statistical theories, particularly the method of
least squares, which was invented by Legendre and Gauss.
Early probability theory and statistics was systematized and
extended by Laplace; following Laplace, probability and
statistics have been in continual development. In the 19th
century, social scientists used statistical reasoning and
probability models to advance the new sciences of
experimental psychology and sociology; physical scientists
used statistical reasoning and probability models to advance
the new sciences of thermodynamics and statistical
mechanics. The development of statistical reasoning was
closely associated with the development of inductive logic and
the scientific method.

Statistics is not a field of mathematics but an autonomous

mathematical science, like computer science or operations
research. Unlike mathematics,
statistics had its origins in public administration and maintains
a special concern with demography and economics. Being
concerned with the scientific method and inductive logic,
statistical theory has close association with the philosophy of
science; with its emphasis on learning from data and making
best predictions, statistics has great overlap with the decision
science and microeconomics. With its concerns with data,
statistics has overlap with information science and computer
science.

STATISTICS TODAY
During the 20th century, the creation of precise instruments for
agricultural research, public health concerns (epidemiology,
biostatistics, etc.), industrial quality control, and economic and
social purposes (unemployment rate,econometry, etc.) necessitated
substantial advances in statistical practices.
Today the use of statistics has broadened far beyond its origins.
Individuals and organizations use statistics to understand data and
make informed decisions throughout the natural and social
sciences, medicine, business, and other areas.
Statistics is generally regarded not as a subfield of mathematics but
rather as a distinct, albeit allied, field. Many universities maintain
separate mathematics and statistics departments. Statistics is also
taught in departments as diverse as psychology, education, and
public health.
PART 1
The prices of goods sold in shops vary from one shop to
another.Shoppers tend to buy goods which are not only
reasonably priced but also give value for their money.
You are required to carry out a survey on four different
items based on the following categories i.e. food, detergent
and stationery.The survey should be done in three different
shops.

QUESTION

a) Collect pictures,newspaper cuttings or photos on items that you

have chosen.Design a collage to illustrate the chosen items
DETERGENTS :

DETERGENTS :
(b) Record the items and their prices systematically as in
Table 1.Since items maybe differently packed,be sure to
use consistent measurements for each item selected so
that comparison can be done easily and accurately.
Answer: ITEM PRICE(RM)
CATEGORY
KOOP SARJANA KOOP KIOSK PUM
IUI
FOOD 1.SELF- 4.00 3.70 3.60
RAISING
FLOUR
(1000 g)
2.SUGAR 2.00 1.90 1.80
(1000g)
3.BUTTER 4.70 4.50 4.30
(250g)
4.EGGS 5.90 5.50 5.00
(GRADE A) 1
DOZEN
TOTAL PRICE 16.60 15.60 14.70
DETERGEN 1.SOAP (3 3.20 3.00 2.80
T BARS)
2.LIQUID 4.29 3.90 3.20
DISHWASHER
(1000ml)
3.CLOTHES 18.90 17.00 16.50
DETERGENT
(3KG)
4.TOILET 5.50 5.50 5.50
CLEANER
(500ml)
TOTAL PRICE 31.89 29.40 28.00
STATIONER 1.SHARPEN 1.50 1.30 1.00
Y ER
2.PENCIL (2B) 5.00 4.80 4.50
1 DOZEN
3.PEN 1.30 1.20 1.00
4.ERASER 1.30 1.20 1.10
TOTAL PRICE 9.10 8.50 7.60
GRAND TOTAL 57.59 53.50 50.30