AUDIO INFORMATION

AND MEDIA
What is Audio Media?
May refer to analog tape casse0es and digital
CDs as well as to computer les containing
audio in any number of digital formats

Audio Media was founded in 1994 as a digital

studio by T.Selvakumar, a well known musician
and personality in the Indian Film industry.
Further on in 2002, as an educaIon insItute
providing Apple CerIed course.
What is Audio?
Is sound within the
acousIc range
available to humans.
An audio frequency
(AF) is an electrical
alternaIng current
within the 20 o 20,000
hertz (cycle per
second) range that can
be used to produce
acousIc sound.
Two Types of Audio Media
Analog
TradiIonal audio devices are analog, because
they handle sound waves in an analogous form.
For example, radios maintain the audio signal as
rippling waves from antenna to speaker.

Tape casse0e players record sound waves as

magneIc waves.
Two Types of Audio Media
Digital
In the computer, audio is processed by
converIng the analog signal into a digital code
using PCM (Phase change memory)
Two Kinds of Audio Media
Radio broadcast which can be live or
taped
Recordings
Characteris<cs of Audio Media
Idea for extending voice and music
Costs are relaIvely inexpensive (compare
to video)
Good for the less literate ( or aural
learners/auditory learners)
Good for listeners imaginaIon
Examples of Audio Media

Telephone
Voicemail
Audiotape
digital audio
compact disks
Audio conference (Teleconferencing)
Audio le format
is a le format for storing
digital audio data on a
computer system. The bit
layout of the audio data
(excluding metadata) is called
the audio coding format and
can be uncompressed, or
compressed to reduce the le
size, oWen using loss
compression.
Audio codecs
are the libraries that are executed in
mulImedia players.
is actually a computer program that are
compresses or decompresses digital
audio data according to the audio le
format specicaIons.
3 MAJOR GROUPS OF AUDIO
FILE FORMAT
Uncompressed Audio Format
Uncompressed audio formats (oWen referred
to as PCM Formats) are just as the name
suggests formats that use no compression.
This means all the data available, at the risk
of large le size.

Example: WAV audio le
Lossless Compression
Lossless compression applies compression to
an uncompressed audio.

Example: WMA audio le
Lossy Compression
Lossy compression will result for some loss
of data as the compression algorithm
eliminates redundant or unnecessary
informaIon basically it tosses what it sees as
irrelevant informaIon. It becomes popular
online because of its small le size; it is
easier to transmit over the internet.

Example: MP3 ad Real Audio File
Lossy Compression
Lossy compression will result for some loss
of data as the compression algorithm
eliminates redundant or unnecessary
informaIon basically it tosses what it sees as
irrelevant informaIon. It becomes popular
online because of its small le size; it is
easier to transmit over the internet.

Example: MP3 ad Real Audio File
Common Windows-compaIble
Audio Formats
MP3 (.mp3) is the name of the le extension and
also the name of the type of le for MPEG, audio
layer
WMA Windows Media Audio (.wma) is a
MicrosoW le format for encoding digital audio les
similar to MP3 though can compress les at a
higher rate than MP3.
Common Windows-compaIble
Audio Formats
WAV (.wav) is the format used for storing sound in
les developed jointly by MicrosoW AND IBM. WAV
sound les end with a .wav extension and can be
played by nearly all Windows applicaIons that
support sound.
Real Audio (.ra .ram. rm) is a proprietary format,
and is used for streaming audio that enables you to
play digital audio les in real-Ime. To use this type
of le you must have RealPlayer (for Windows or
Mac)
Common Windows-compaIble
Audio Formats
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface (.mid)
is a standard adopted by the electronic music
industry for controlling devices, such as
synthesizers and sound cards that emit music.
Ogg (.ogg) is an audio compression format,
comparable to other format used to store & play
digital music, but diers in that it is free, open and
unpatented. It uses Vorbis, a specic audio
compression scheme thats designed to be
contained in Ogg.
Other Formats
Atrac (.oma, .omg , .atp) the newer style Sony
proprietary format designed for minidisc use.
Mid the midi le is not an audio le format at all.
It is just a list of musical notes which a synthesizer
can play.
Ape the le format from Monkeys Audio is
claimed up to give about 50% compression without
lose in audio quality.

Sources
InformaIon sources about audio on the internet;
table of links help you locate the internet based
audio and radio broadcasts and recordings as well
as understand and use the technology, you will nd
directories of broadcasters, podcasters, and audio
les and programs, and links to networks, soWware,
reference, publicaIons, and organizaIons involved
in internet-delivered streaming or on-demand
audio.
Sources
InformaIon sources about audio on the internet;
table of links help you locate the internet based
audio and radio broadcasts and recordings as well
as understand and use the technology, you will nd
directories of broadcasters, podcasters, and audio
les and programs, and links to networks, soWware,
reference, publicaIons, and organizaIons involved
in internet-delivered streaming or on-demand
audio.
 THE
ADVANTAGE
AND LIMITATIONS
ADVANTAGES
Name That Emotion
 ADVANTAGE OF SPEECH
- Human speech
It oers a wonderfully rich vocal orchestraIon
that enables us to express meanings clearly and
energe4cally, beyond what words and syntax alone
can convey.

- With the voices we can vary intonaIons, pace
volume and pitch to emphasize signicant points,
clarify intent and point of view, sharpen impact,
provide background and emoIonal tone and even
alter meanings.


- Speech is interacIve in that we can alter the
tone, expression, gestures, moIon and posture
based on audience response.

- We learn to listen and speak as much earlier
age than learning to write.

- Speech is easier, more natural and engaging
way to express their thinking and knowledge.
 LIMITATIONS OF SPEECH
- When listening to an audio book for extended
period, the listeners memory can be easily
overload.

- Human and syntheIc read aloud of a passage
lack such as oral and presentaIonal elements
when audio rendering text.
HEARING VS LISTENING,
LEARNING OUT LOUD
 HEARING
- Is an involuntary process that starts with noise,
vibraIons, the movement of uid in the ears
and sound sent to the brain.

LISTENING
- Is a voluntary act where we try to make sense
out of the noise we hear.
 Hearing Listening
 WORKING OUT LOUD
- Is a way to ensure others know what you are
doing and to be conscious of your own work.

LISTENING OUT LOUD
- it takes you to dierent level; one that may
seem even more precarious. Its sharing you
half- baked ideas with the world. But these
ideas, combined with others overIme, can build
a resilient web of innovaIon.
 SELECTION CRITERIA
1. The interest in the subject or type of material and the
format. If no one in your community has then
downloadable audio books are not likely familiar.

2. Physically quality(visual and audio) of the item itself.
Beyond knowing your communitys likely interest in the
topic or type of content, judging the appropriateness of
the content is similar to that of judging the content of
books and includes the issues of authority, currency,
scope, organizaIon, cost, accuracy and ad imparIality.
 DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS
vComprehends how audio information and media
is/are formally and informally produced,
organized and disseminated
- Sound design is the process of specifying, acquiring,
manipula4ng or genera4ng and elements. Sound design
most commonly involves the manipulaIon of previously
composed of recorded audio, such as sound eects and
dialogue. In some instances it may also involve the
composiIon or manipulaIon of audio to create a desired
eect or mood. A sound designer is one who pracIces
the art of sound design.
vAudio materials (Compact Discs, Audio
Books, Audiocassettes & LP records)

- Audio materials have been a very

important commodity for many years. These
materials include music recordings, audio
books, and language learning producIons as
well as lectures, instrucIons, and inspiraIonal
messages.



MUSIC RECORDING
AUDIO BOOK
SING MO TO!
Alex Arago