Integrated Urban Water

Management in Jakarta

Dr. Carlos E. M. Tucci

World Bank - Water Week
Februart 17-19, 2009

1
Population in Indonesia
300 80
population 70
250

%depopulaourbana
population,inmillions

urban
60
200
50

150 40

30
100
projection 20
50
10

0 0
1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040
years

2
Population increases at high rate
Indonesia: Java Island

3
Urban development in Jakarta

1992 2002

4
City scenes

5
Urban Jakarta scenes

6
 Integrated Urban Water issues

Contaminationof Watersources:
surfaceand
watersources groundwater
lackofpotablewater
supply,Lackof Rain

sanitation,Solid
Urban
wastemanagement areas
StormwaterFloods
Environmental floods sewer
impact Contamination cycle
Totalsolids

Diseases Stormwater
7
polution
 Jakarta overall Assessment
o Water supply
Contaminationofwatersources:upstreamreservoirsand
groundwater
Highproportionofpopulationwithoutwaterservices(50%)
Competitionwithirrigation
o Sanitation
Lessthan5%ofsewagetreatment
Septictankforhighloadinhighwatertableenvironment
o Solids
Lackofgarbagecollection
Lackofstreetcleaning
Lackofsedimentcontrolfromconstructions
About5.000m3/dayonthedrainagesystem 8
Jakarta overall Assessment
o Stormwaterfloods
Increaseofimperviousareasfromdownstreamtoupstreamwith
peakandvolumeincrease
channelsconstructionandtransferringfloods
Fragmentdesignwithouttakingintoaccountfuturedevelopment
Subsidence
o Environmentanddiseases
SurfaceandGroundwatercontamination
Poorpopulationusesuppercontaminatedgroundwaterlayers
Highvulnerabilitytodiseasesandepidemics
Lackofawareness

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 Water system
DKI Jakarta

17.3 irrigation
142
42.1 18.1
22.2 16.2
39.2
6.0
4.9
31.2

26.2 38.3
5.4
1.7
Citarum river
10.8 system
Bantang 2.2 218.6 m3/s
3.3
9.1

WestJava
Bogol
CiulungCileman 16.6 m3/s Water supply
43.5 m3/s
reservoir
Irrigation 50,8%
Water supply 49,2 %
Water supply Demand flow (m3/s)
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WB Flood control project (called JEDI)
o Goal :reducethefloodfrequency
o Procedure:Floodcontrolbasedinincreaseflow
capacitythroughcanaldredging.
o Assessmentofthefloods:
Futureurbanscenarioswerenotsimulated
Thesurveyoftheriversectionsare13yearsold
Othersalternativeswerenotassessed
o Comments:
Themainassumptionisthatfloodsaremainlyduetothesolidsin
thedrainage
TheWBprojectwasnotaddressingthesourceofproblem,which
istheproductionofsolidwastewhichflowtostormwater
Withtheamountsofsolidstheprojectliveisofabout5years
only(US$~160millions) 11
Integrated Urban Water Management

LegalFramework

Water supply sources

and distribution

Sewer collecting and

Water and environment treatment
Monitoring Urban Master Plan Capacity
conservation
building

Total solids: sediments and

Flood Management: quantity and solid waste
quality

Management

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Main Targets
o Sustainableurbandevelopment:Developmentof newurban
development standardstakingintoaccountthesustainability
onwaterissues:
o Protect watersupplysources:
o Improve watersupplydistribution
o Develop thesanitationsystem:investmentonthecollecting
andtreatmentsystemsforallurbanareas
o FloodControlManagement: regulation fornewdevelopment
floodmanagement planforeachbasin
o TotalSolidsManagement:develop soundservices fortotal
solidsandpreventionforsedimentstodecreasethesolidsin
thedrainage

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 Water&sanitation

Protection of Water
supply source
Urban
Occupation Improve Water
Supply Services

Develop the sewer

Emergency collecting and
actions: treatment Implementation:
recoveryofflow Implementationof
capacityby
plannedmeasures
dredging
IUFMP Integrated alongthetime
Urban Flood
Management Plan:

Total solids
management
INTEGRATED URBAN
Environment
WATER conservation and
recovery
PLANNING Integrate Urban water Plan

Institutional:Developmenttheregulationandmanagementofinstitutions
inthespacewhichcoverthebasinsandtheMetropolitanAreas

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 Implementation Water
dredging SupplyPlan
Implementin
Technical gWater
assistance Sewer supply
SystemPlan services
Comprehensive Implementin
FloodMitigation Flood gSewer
Management SystemPlan
Proposal Nonstructural Planby
flood basins Implementin
for management gFlood
Implementin
Action Protectwater gInstitutional management
Plan sources arrangement Planby
basins
Institutional Implementin
Implementin
arrangement g
gTotalsolids
proposal Environment
Plan
Plan
Short term Long term
Environment
Plan
Medium term

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 Institutional
q Strategicmainlyfor
watersupply:waterallocationandconflicts
floodcontrol:controltheflowincreaseand
urbanizationupstream
q Regulatealongtermagreementforthebasinsto
exchangewaterandcontrolimpacts
q Agencyformanagement
q Legislation
q Capacitybuilding

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Investments
Sector/data DKI Jabodetabek
Population(millions) 8.9 24
Watersupply1 (US$ 267 720
millions)
Sewernetworkand 1,335 3,600
treatment2(US$millions)
Urbandrainageand 623 1690
FloodManagement3
(US$millions)
Totals4 2,225 6,000

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Conclusions
o Worldisbecomingtobeurban
o Mostofthenewurbanpopulationaregoingtobe
concentratedindevelopingcountries
o Highimpactsandweakinstitutions
o Fragmentknowledgeandweaktechnicalintegrationis
oneofmainreasonsbehindthewatercycleproblems.
o Integratedviewandmanagementisthebesttoolto
plan,improve,prioritizewatersectorinvestments
development
o IUWMneedstostartanalyzingtheproblemsas
upstreamtodevelopmentperspectiveinurbanareas
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