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In this project, breakdown voltage of 4 types of oils, which C. Karl Fisher
two oil are pure palm oil-based types of oil and the other two Water in oil is detected by using Karl fisher titration method;
are commercialized transformer oil, one palm-oil based and an analytical technique that is one of the most frequently used
mineral oil at different moisture levels was studied. The pure methods in laboratories around the world [2]. This experiment
palm oils are red palm oil (Carotino oill) and RBDPO oil used Karl fisher titration model 870 KF Titrino Plus from
(refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil). These two oils Metrohm as in fig 3. This experiment based on BS 6470
are compared to the commercialized oil, PFAE oil (palm fatty method for determination of water in insulating oils and in oil-
acid ester oil), and mineral oil. This study also done to know impregnated paper and pressboards [3].
the moisture absorption characteristic of palm oil- based oils.
This study is important to identify the types oil palm oil-based
oil that has better reaction with moisture in term of voltage
breakdown.
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max and 16.8kV for the mean. The lowest breakdown voltage
was 11.6kV for max and 8.51kV for mean after adding 700
ppm water. The trend was unexpectedly increased after the
increasing of addition of water.
For others type of oil, the water drop was found (being
saturated) in the container after more then 48 hours continuous
stirring event at 100 ppm moisture added.
TABLE I.
THE AMOUNT OF WATER CONTENT BY USING KARL FISHER TITRATION
Water content Amount of water Water content (ppm)
(ppm) added (ml)
Normal - 4699.79
700 0.07 5790.05
900 0.09 5891.02
1250 0.125 6376.5
1750 0.175 6798.09
3000 0.3 8388.68
Fig 6 Breakdown voltage for RBDPO oil
TABLE II
THE AMOUNT OF WATER CONTENT IN PERCENTAGE
The result for PFAE oil is shown in fig 7. It can be observed
that for normal oil, the highest breakdown voltage was 52.7Kv
Water content (ppm) Water content in lab (%)
Normal 0.47
for max and 47.8Kv for mean. From here, the trend showed
700 0.58 the unexpected increasing of breakdown voltage after adding
900 0.59 2000ppm
1250 0.64
1750 0.68
3000 0.84
0.8
W a t e r c o n te n t (% )
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Fig. 5 Graph of water absorbed (%) versus water added (ppm)
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literature review, mineral oil only can absorb until 200ppm. be clearly seen that after 2000ppm was added to the sample of
The highest breakdown voltage was 33.8Kv for max and oil, PFAE had the highest breakdown voltage compare to the
23.6Kv for mean. After adding moisture, the value decreased other oil except for Carotino oil. This is because PFAE has
and become 12.4Kv for max and 10.6Kv for mean. greater electrical resistance compared to the others. Due to
this, PFAE can be considered to replace mineral oil in future
completely.
IV. CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
[1] Wilson, A.C.M., Insulating Liquids: Their Uses Manufacture and
Properties. 1980, IEEE Electrical and Electronic Materials and Devices
Series 1
[2] Oommen, T.V., Vegetable oils for liquid-filled transformers Electrical
Insulation Magazine, IEEE 2002. 18(1): p. 6 - 11
[3] Nur Syamimi Murad and Nor Asiah Muhamad, " Study on Moisture
Absorption Level of Palm oil-based Carotino Oil as Transformer
Insulator", World Academy of Science Engineering and Technology
Conference, Amsterdam, 15-16 May 2013, (2013) Issue 77, pg 693-695.
[4] Malik, N.H., A.A. Al-Arainy, and M.I. Qureshi, Electrical Insulation in
Power Systems. Power Engineering, ed. H.L. Willis. 1998, New York:
Fig 10 Comparison for mean breakdown voltage Marcel Dekker.
[5] Du, Y., A. V. Mamishev, et al. (2001). "Moisture solubility for
differently conditioned transformer oils." Dielectrics and Electrical
Insulation, IEEE Transactions on 8(5): 805-811.
From figure 9, to compare, the highest maximum breakdown
voltage was PFAE oil. It showed that when the of moisture
increased, the value for breakdown voltage was immensely
increased for each type of oil except for Carotino oil. The line
fitting for Carotino oil was slightly decreased because the
addition of water was still below its saturation level. At
3000ppm, Carotino oil had the highest breakdown voltage
among the others because at that value, Carotino oil had less
free water droplets than the other oils. From figure 10, it can
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