Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Revision
We have (Approximately):
Multiple choice (1-13) (26marks)
And Problem solving (14-22) (34marks)
The final exam covers ALL topics in this
semester
Final Exam: 60marks
Mid-test: 35marks
Mini-test: 5marks
Soil Physical Characteristics
Soil Formations Soil are formed from the physical and chemical weathering of rocks.
Soil Types according to grain size
V = Vs + Vw + Va Vv = Vw + Va
W = Ws + Ww
Ws
Vv Vw + Va
Void ratio : =
e = is the ratio of the volume of void to the volume of solids
Vs Vs
Vv e
Porosity : =
n = is the ratio of the volume of void to the total volume of soil
V 1+ e
Vw wGs
Degree of saturation : =
S = is the ratio of the volume of water to the volume of void
Vv e
Dry unit weight:
Ws Ws
=
Specific gravity : G = 2.7 Ws Gs
s
Ww Vw w d = =( ) w =
V 1+ e 1+ w
W Gs + eS
Bulk unit weight: = = w= (1 + w) d
V 1+ e
RMIT University Slide 6
RMIT University Slide 7
Particle size of fine-graded soils
H = u/w + v2/2g + h z
x q
z h
= - u
The principle of effective stress is the most important principle in
Soil Mechanics.
Vertical strain
E: Youngs modulus
v: Poisson's ratio
Vertical stress
Horizontal stress
Vertical stress
Horizontal stress
Vertical stress at corner of
rectangular
Shear Strength of Soils
= c + n tan
Coulomb (1736-1806)
RMIT University Slide 33
n
Vary normal force to get full curve:
= c + n tan
c
n
RMIT University Slide 34
Mohr circle and principle stress
1
3 3
3 2
1
Laboratory Tests -
Direct shear box test
Triaxial test
Empirical Relationships
qa = qu/FS+Df
(need to remember)
FS usually ranges from 2 to 3 and FS = 3 is
most often used
qu = ultimate load
Df = embedment depth = distance between ground
level and base of the foundation
B = width of the foundation
= bulk unit weight of soil
Nq, N = Bearing capacity factors
Nq, N = Bearing capacity factors
Nq, N = Bearing capacity factors
sq, dq, s, d = four geometric parameters
Feed back on Mini-Test
(a)
(d)
(d)
For the soil profile with water table at 1.2m below ground level,
(1) Calculate the total vertical stress, pore water pressure and effective vertical
stress at 1.2m depth (2 marks)
(2) Calculate the total vertical stress, pore water pressure and effective vertical stress at 2.5m
depth (2 marks)
(3) Calculate the total vertical stress, pore water pressure and effective vertical stress at 5.0m
depth (2 marks)
(4) Calculate the total vertical stress, pore water pressure and effective vertical stress at 8.0m
depth( 2 marks)