2016 Mong Kok civil unrest

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2016 Mong Kok civil unrest
2016-2-9 MK protests 4.jpg
Police on Sai Yeung Choi Street South in the morning of 9 February
Date 8 9 February 2016
Location Mong Kok, Hong Kong
Causes
Food and Environmental Hygiene Department crackdown on unlicensed hawkers[1]
Strained relationship between the police and the public[2]
Methods Rioting, vandalism, arson, and assault
Parties to the civil conflict
Hong Kong Police
Food and Environmental Hygiene Department
Hong Kong Indigenous[1]
Protesters
Lead figures
Crusade Yau[3][4]
Ray Wong[1]
Edward Leung[5]
Number
Unknown
700[1][6]
Casualties
90 police officers injured[7][8]
130 injured[8][9][10]
Civil unrest occurred in Mong Kok, Hong Kong from the night of 8 February 2016 u
ntil the next morning. The incident escalated from the government's crackdown on
unlicensed street hawkers during the Chinese New Year holidays. Eventual violen
t clashes broke out between police and protesters. Batons and pepper spray were
used by the police and two warning shots were fired into the air, while proteste
rs threw glass bottles, bricks, flower pots and trash bins toward the police and
set fires in the streets.
The Hong Kong government has classified the violent incident as a riot (????), w
hile some media outlets and social media platforms have opted for calling the ev
ent "Fishball Revolution" (????), in reference to fishballs,[11] a popular Hong
Kong street food. The violence has been described by The Economist as "the worst
outbreak of rioting since the 1960s."[12]
Contents [hide]
1 Background
1.1 Political context
1.2 Hawkers crackdown
2 Course of events
2.1 Incidences of intimidation at Leung King Estate by "management"
3 Reactions
3.1 Chinese government
3.2 Hong Kong government
3.3 Politicians
3.4 Student groups
3.5 Activist groups
3.6 Journalists
3.7 Social media
4 Subsequent events
4.1 Arrests
4.2 Complaints against police
4.3 Official inquiry
4.4 Disappointment within police force
4.5 New Territories East by-election
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Background[edit]
Political context[edit]
Since the 2014 protests, the popularity of Leung Chun-ying, and his administrati
on, has continued to plunge new historical lows.[13] The relationship between th
e Hong Kong Police Force, often referred to as "Asia's finest" in the past, and
the public have also become strained due mainly to a number of controversies, in
cluding the beating of protester Ken Tsang by seven plainclothes officers in Adm
iralty, the indiscriminate clubbing of members of the public by superintendent F
ranklin Chu in Mong Kok during the 2014 protests and the considerable delay for
them to be prosecuted in the case of Chu, the police refused to prosecute.[14]
The events of 2014 spawned a number of new activist groups with some taking an a
nti-government and militant stance. Hong Kong Indigenous, a localist group forme
d in early 2015, had previously been involved in violent clashes with police in
several anti-parallel trading protests.[15] The various localist groups hold a s
trong anti-mainland sentiment, generally with the view that the increasing polit
ical and economic integration of Hong Kong and Mainland China, as well as the in
flux of Mainland tourists and immigrants are undermining the autonomy and identi
ty of Hong Kong.[16]
Hawkers crackdown[edit]
Further information: Hawkers in Hong Kong
The Chinese New Year holidays have traditionally attracted many unlicensed hawke
rs (street vendors), selling Hong Kong street food and other products, at popula
r locations including Sai Yeung Choi Street, Mong Kok and Kweilin Street, Sham S
hui Po. Despite operating without license, the Food and Environmental Hygiene De
partment (FEHD) have, in the past, not taken action against hawkers during the N
ew Year holidays. However, in recent years the FEHD has begun monitoring unlicen
sed cooked food hawkers during the Chinese New Year at night markets over fears
of unsanitary practices, obstruction of roadways and general disruption.[17] Dur
ing Chinese New Year in 2014, FEHD staff conducted surprise inspections at Kweil
in Street Night Market making arrests and confiscating stalls causing some publi
c disquiet. However, shortly after the FEHD officers departed, the hawkers retur
ned and a lively night market resumed.[18]
In November 2014 Sham Shui Po District Council, passed a motion of "zero toleran
ce" towards unlicensed hawkers for the upcoming Chinese New Year.[19] However, g
rassroots organisations complained that, due to the government's refusal to issu
e new hawker licenses or construct new markets, hawkers could only subsist by de
fying the law; they further asserted that Kweilin Street night market was enjoyi
ng a resurgence in popularity and a "zero tolerance" policy would only exacerbat
e grievances.[20] During Chinese New Year in 2015, there were at least three gro
ups giving vocal support to street vendors in Sham Shui Po[21] with Hong Kong In
digenous embarking on a campaign of street cleaning to allay concerns over hygie
ne.[22] In 2016, however, street hawkers have been put under pressure by a cityw
ide FEHD crackdown which drew discontent from locals.[1]
From the evening of 2 February 2016, in the run up to Chinese New Year, hawkers
in Tuen Mun who were setting up stall outside a mall near Leung King Estate, ope
rated by Link REIT, were opposed by a group of masked men identifying themselves
as "management" and claiming to represent The Link.[23] These men later insiste
d that hawkers could no longer set up in or around the estate, so as not to affe
ct the mall tenants.[23] During the late night market, a number of incidents occ
urred but were not acted upon by police.[23][24]
On the evening of 7 February, Chinese New Year's Eve, tens of hawkers began sett
ing up stall in Kwelin Street night market but were chased away by the FEHD. Soc
iology lecturer and activist Lau Siu-lai, wishing to provoke public debate over
the hawker issue, acted in deliberate defiance of the FEHD and was arrested.[25]
[26] Originally wishing just to enjoy the ambience of the street market, Lau was
arrested when she began to help sell grilled cuttlefish in defiance of the FEHD
officers and her arrest was ordered by the senior officer present. There was di
squiet over her arrest at the scene, and a number of protesters immediately went
 to picket Sham Shui Po Police Station where she was held. That night and throug
h the next day activists began to contact hawkers to encourage them to set up st
all in Mong Kok, and also began the online call for supporters to protect local
Hong Kong distinctiveness.[27]
Course of events[edit]
On 8 February, the first day of the Chinese New Year, FEHD officers attempted to
patrol the side streets of Mong Kok. Hong Kong Indigenous called for action onl
ine to shield the hawkers, and by around 9 pm a few hundred had gathered and ver
bally assaulted the FEHD officers.[1]
At around 10 pm, a taxi driving into Portland Street accidentally hit an old man
. Protesters blocked the road and prevented the taxi from leaving. The Hong Kong
Police arrived and surrounded the car, warning others not to get closer. The po
lice left shortly after and returned with a portable podium for crowd control at
11:45 pm, this sparked anger in the crowd.[28] Around midnight, violent clashes
broke out between police and protestors as police urged them to clear the stree
t. The police put on protective gear, including helmets and shields and used bat
ons and pepper spray on the protestors,[1] while some of the protesters, equippe
d with home-made shields, goggles, helmets and gloves, threw projectiles at the
police.[10][29]
At around 2 am, two warning shots were fired into the air on Argyle Street by a
team of traffic officers which had become surrounded by protesters and who were
being pelted with pallets and rocks.[10] The scene descended into chaos as prote
sters charged the police line and engaged in scuffles and fighting with the poli
ce and tossed glass bottles and rubbish bins at them,[28] At 2:30 am, more polic
e arrived at the scene to disperse the protestors. The standoff subsequently mov
ed to Nathan Road at 3 am.[28]
At 4 am, the first of multiple fires was started in Sai Yeung Choi Street South,
followed by three more ignited in the same street.[28] Some protestors set fire
to rubbish bins surrounding Shantung Street and Soy Street, including the junct
ions of Fife Street and Portland Street and of Nathan Road and Nelson Street, th
ese were put out by the police and firemen.[29] Both lanes of Nathan Road were b
locked from south of Argyle Street and the Mong Kok MTR station was shut down.[1
0]
A fire set in Soy Street by the rioters on the morning of 9 February.
At 7:15 am, protesters were dispersed from Soy Street near Fa Yuen Street, follo
wing a long standoff, after police officers of the Police Tactical Unit were dep
loyed.[28] Protesters gradually dispersed around 8 am. The streets in Mong Kok w
ere calm by 9:00 am, and Mong Kok MTR station was reopened at 9:45 am.[30]
A total of 61 people were arrested,[2][31][32] including Edward Leung, spokesman
of the Hong Kong Indigenous and candidate for the Legislative Council by-electi
on.[33] One of the members of Youngspiration, another localist group was also ar
rested.[10] 90 police officers and several reporters were also injured in the vi
olence.[7] The Hong Kong Journalists Association said that a Ming Pao journalist
was beaten by a policeman despite declaring his identity.[34] Reporters from br
oadcasters RTHK and TVB were also injured by protesters.[34]
Incidences of intimidation at Leung King Estate by "management"[edit]
Separate minor conflicts continued to occur at Leung King Plaza in Leung King Es
tate, Tuen Mun where hawkers had gathered. A group of men dressed in dark jacket
s with "manager" (???) printed on the backs were reported to be acting, accordin
g to residents and hawkers, in an intimidating manner nightly since 2 February.
More than 200 showed up to protest against the men combating the hawkers on the
night of 8 February. Some minor clashes broke out between the self-proclaimed ma
nagers and the protesters, and required mediation by the police.[35] Two protest
ers were arrested and one reporter was injured during the clash.[36]
Conflicts between the control team and the public reoccurred on the night of 9 F
ebruary. The control team was filmed beating up protesters while police stood by
and prevented others from being involved. A reporter was also beaten up by the
control team.[37] A 31-year-old man was arrested for causing disorder in a publi
c place. He allegedly interfered with a worker performing his duties at Leung Ki
ng Estate. The Link REIT distanced itself from the clashes and denied the hawker
control team was part of its staff.[38]
Reactions[edit]
Chinese government[edit]
Following the incident the central government declared the localist groups, whic
h it deemed responsible for the violence, as "separatists" .[39] On 11 February,
more than two days after the unrest, a Foreign Ministry spokesman stated that t
he "riot [was] plotted mainly by local radical separatist organisation ... The C
hinese central government believes and firmly supports the Hong Kong SAR governm
ent and the police in safeguarding social security, protecting Hong Kong residen
ts and their property, and punishing illegal and criminal activities in accordan
ce with the law, so as to maintain the overall stability of the Hong Kong societ
y."[40]
Director of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in Hong Kong Z
hang Xiaoming, branded participants as "radical separatists" who were "inclined
toward terrorism."[41]
The People s Liberation Army released a statement holding individual local radical
separatist organisation(s) responsible for the riot as well as criticising wester
n media for "beautifying the unrest" in its early reports.[42]
Hong Kong government[edit]
The Hong Kong Police referred to the event as a "riot" and the protestors a "mob
".[10] "Radical elements have come with self-made weapons and shields and clashe
d with police," Crusade Yau Siu-kei, deputy Mong Kok district commander said. "T
he situation ran out of control and became a riot." It also said it does not rul
e out the riot was "organised", claiming that prearranged vehicles were used by
protesters to transport equipment.[10]
The police released a statement released at 3:23 am on 9 February, strongly cond
emning the clashes in Mong Kok, and defending its "resolute actions" including t
he deployment of batons, pepper spray to stop "unlawful violence acts," and vowe
d "resolute enforcement actions will be taken against any illegal acts to preser
ve public order and safeguard public safety."[10] Another statement released at
6 a.m. said: "Police reiterate that any acts endangering public order and public
safety will not be tolerated. The Hong Kong community regard that the public sh
ould express their views in a rational and peaceful manner. Police will take enf
orcement actions decisively on law-breaking behaviours."[10]
The Hong Kong government condemned the "mobs have taken part in a riot in Mong K
ok, attacking police officers on duty and media covering the incident at the sit
e" in a statement. It stated that "the mobs would be apprehended and brought to
justice."[43]
Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying justified the police firing of warning shots, as
the rioters had attacked policemen who were already injured and lying on the gr
ound. "Any big city facing a similar nature of events would classify it as a rio
t, not just for the government but society as a whole," he said. "The police exe
rcised maximum restraint" when compared with other western countries.[44]
Politicians[edit]
Ip Kwok-him, a Beijing-loyalist Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progr
ess of Hong Kong (DAB) legislator and chairman of panel of Security of the Legis
lative Council, defended the police decision to open fire as "appropriate" given
the critical circumstances and believed it was an organised crime.[44]
Yau Tsim Mong District Council chairman Chris Ip Ngo-tung, a DAB member, also co
ndemned the violent actions, stating his belief that the people of Hong Kong "wo
uld not agree with such barbarian acts." He thanked police and reporters for the
ir duties during the events.[45]
The Democratic Party, a pro-democracy party, also released a statement saying th
at it condemns and does not tolerate any violence and acts of arson, while sendi
ng their sympathy to the injured. It urged a full investigation over the firing
of warning shots by a police officer, and asked the government to reflect on the
underlying problems such as the people's frustration, their loss of faith in th
e government, and the government's hawker policy.[45]
Lau Siu-kai, vice-president of the Chinese Association of Hong Kong and Macao St
udies, a thinktank close to Beijing, suggested that the Hong Kong Basic Law Arti
cle 23, the proposed national security law which is strongly opposed by the Hong
Kong public, should be introduced in the wake of the Mong Kok unrest.[46]
Student groups[edit]
Seven local university student unions issued statements condemning police violen
ce and declaring their support for those who took part in the protests in Mong K
ok. The Hong Kong University Students Union (HKUSU) issued a statement entitled Fo
rever we stand with the rebels , pledging that they "shall never turn our back on
or leave them alone and unassisted."[47]
The Hong Kong Baptist University Students Union s statement also condemned the gove
rnment and the police for the unreasonable arrest of protesters, beating up jour
nalists and oppressing Hong Kong Indigenous members. "Between the high wall and
the egg, we will always stand on the side of the egg," it said.[47]
The Student Union of the Chinese University of Hong Kong criticised police actio
n and said that the fire of resistance had been ignited by Chief Executive Leung
Chun-ying. "Hongkongers must remember the totalitarian regime and unite," it sa
id.[47]
Activist groups[edit]
Scholarism, a student activist group that took a leading role in the 2014 protes
ts, condemned police for the excessive use of force since the 2014 protests. The
group expressed shock at the police's deliberate provocation of citizens and fo
r escalating violence on protestors.[34][48] Joshua Wong, the group's convenor,
disagreed with the violence, noting that peaceful protest did not achieve any ch
ange, blamed the government for the increasing divisions in Hong Kong society an
d the radicalisation of protests since 2014 Hong Kong protests.[49] Wong questio
ned the rapidity of the police arrests on this occasion compared with the appare
nt stalling in prosecuting the officers accused of beating Ken Tsang during the
Umbrella Revolution.[49]
Ray Wong, convenor of Hong Kong Indigenous who also took a role in the early sta
ge of the protests, disagreed with Leung Chung-ying framing the clashes as "riot
", stating that protestors were only helping the hawkers to do business until th
e police rushed into Shantung Street at midnight. He dismissed the claim that th
e violent clashes were staged. He thought that throwing bricks should not be con
sidered as fierce, as compared to other countries. He also believed that firing
warning shots was inappropriate.[50]
Journalists[edit]
The Hong Kong News Executives' Association, the Hong Kong Press Photographers As
sociation, and the Hong Kong Journalists Association (HKJA) all released stateme
nts condemning the acts of violence and verbal assaults against reporters, as we
ll as the prevention of reporters from reporting. The Hong Kong News Executives'
Association stated that these actions were a serious impediment to the freedom
of the press, destroys the rule of law in Hong Kong, and deprived the public of
their right to know.[51]
Social media[edit]
Hong Kong social media users took to Twitter using the hashtag #fishballrevoluti
on, in reference to a popular street food. Some highlighted the fact that the pr
otest was about the problems faced by street food hawkers, while the other sugge
sted that violent factions had hijacked the protest for their own ends.[52]
Google Trends showed a sharp uptick in interest over fishball in the light of th
e unrest, with searches for "fishball" jumping 34 percent and "fish ball" 26 per
cent, mainly from Singapore and the Philippines.[53]
Subsequent events[edit]
Arrests[edit]
Between the end of the protests and 10 February, 54 men and 9 women have been ar
rested for suspected involvement in the unrest. Edward Leung and around 20 membe
rs and volunteers of the group were arrested.[54][55] A member of Youngspiration
and another from Civic Passion, two localist groups, were also arrested.[10][56
] Their alleged offences include participating in unlawful assembly, attacking p
olice officers, refusing to be arrested, obstructing police and carrying weapons
.[57] 38 of them have been charged with rioting under the Public Order Ordinance
 (Cap. 245 19), which was amended in 1970 in the wake of the 1967 Leftist riots.
[58][59] A lone man, who was walking towards Argyle Street on 8 February and who
then found himself surrounded by ten police in riot gear, was arrested on charg
es of obstructing police but later charged with "rioting". A video showing the e
vents leading up to the arrest, showing that he followed orders shouted at him b
y police, quickly went viral.[60]
On 10 February Derek Lam (???), a 22-year-old member of Scholarism, was arrested
by the police at the Hong Kong airport while en route to a vacation in Taiwan w
ith his family.[61] He was taken into custody and subsequently charged with riot
ing.[61] The group confirmed that Lam was present in Mong Kok from 10:00 pm Mond
ay night to 2:15 am, but was not involved in the violence. The police also attem
pted to search Lam's flat without a warrant but were prevented by Lam's lawyer.
Scholarism protested at the "arbitrary" arrest, and the Divinity School of Chung
Chi College at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, where Lam was a student, al
so defended Lam and denied he had been involved in the riots. The school also de
manded the police provide justification for his arrest.[62]
Police suspected a possible link of an eco-warehouse in Kwai Chung to the Mong K
ok unrest. On 11 February morning, three people, a 34-year-old architectural dra
ftsman, an unemployed woman aged 46 and a woman aged 47 who sold organic food, w
ere arrested on suspicion of possessing offensive weapons with intent after the
police raided their leased unit in the Vigor Industrial Building. A number of it
ems that police deemed were offensive weapons, including 18 knives, wooden baton
s, metal rods, water pipes, surgical masks, work gloves, Walkie-talkies, a toy g
un and bottles of liquid and crystallised chemicals of unknown composition were
seized. However, the environmental protection group Oh Yes It s Free which operates
the warehouse aiming to categorising rubbish and recycling it protested that tho
se arrested were innocent and the confiscated articles were donations they had r
eceived from the public.[63][64] The goods and materials found at the site were
collected as part of the group's philosophy of reuse and recycling and were temp
orarily stored in the warehouse awaiting treatment, disposal or collection by th
e next public.[63][64]
On 11 February, police raided the home of Hong Kong Indigenous convener Ray Wong
in Tseung Kwan O but did not find him. Subsequently, Wong disappeared from all
media contact.[65] Wong was arrested at a friend's residence in Tin Shui Wai on
22 February for "incitement to riot and possessing prohibited items".[66]
By 23 February, a total number of 74 people had been arrested in connection to t
he clashes, of which more than 40 were charged with rioting.[67]
Complaints against police[edit]
A Ming Pao journalist, surnamed Tang, filed a formal complaint with the Complain
ts Against Police Office after he was filmed being pushed down and beaten by off
icers. In the video, Tang is heard identifying himself repeatedly as a journalis
t.[68] Ming Pao released a statement condemning the police officers involved and
called upon the force to investigate.[68]
Official inquiry[edit]
The Hong Kong government flatly rejected holding an independent inquiry into the
civil unrest, and its official statement caused controversy. In referring to th
e Mong Kok incident as a "riot" and the 1967 leftist riots, lasting over six mon
ths and led to over 50 deaths, as "disturbances", the government apparently soug
ht to redefined the 1967 riots as legitimate political struggle.[69] On 9 Februa
ry, police commissioner Stephen Lo Wai-chung announced that a "full investigatio
n" will be held to determine whether the firing of two warning shots by an unide
ntified police officer was appropriate.[70]
Disappointment within police force[edit]
Frontline police officers were reported deeply disappointed with their senior ma
nagement that left more than 90 officers wounded. They were disappointed with Co
mmissioner Stephen Lo Wai-chung's announcement of a full investigation. What does
he need to investigate? Lo should have stood up for the frontline officers who
were beaten up and attacked by the mob, like [former commissioner Andy Tsang] di
d in the past, an officer said. Lo was questioned whether he could safeguard the
pride and dignity of the force when he appeared soft and feeble to the public.[71]
An officer slammed the force for poor arrangements and inadequate gear, citing t
he least equipped traffic officers being at the very front to handle the protest
ors. He questioned if a political agenda was behind the decision not to use tear
gas. He suggested the use of rubber bullets would be justified in the face of s
uch a violent, large-scale riot. Junior Police Officers Association chairman Joe
Chan Cho-kwong appealed to Legislative Council to back the use of "new model wea
pons and gears", including water cannons to maintain public order.[71]
New Territories East by-election[edit]
Further information: New Territories East by-election, 2016
In the Legislative Council New Territories East by-election took place on 28 Feb
ruary, Edward Leung Tin-kei who took a main role in the unrest, received a bette
r-than-expected result by taking 66,524 votes, 15% of the total votes, coming be
hind pro-democratic Civic Party Alvin Yeung (37%) and Beijing-loyalist DAB Holde
n Chow (35%).[72]
See also[edit]
Civil Disobedience
Umbrella Movement#Mong Kok
Common purpose Criminal liability of participants in a riot even if they are not
involved in any violent acts
Hong Kong 1966 riots "Star Ferry riots"
Hong Kong 1967 Leftist riots
New Territories East by-election, 2016
Hong Kong legislative election, 2016
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "?A1????????300?????? ????". Apple Daily. 9 February
2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Jenkins, Nash (9 February 2016). "Hong Kong Sees Violent Start
to Chinese New Year as Protesters Clash With Police". TIME.
Jump up ^ "??????????????????". now TV. 12 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Chu, Lawrence; Blundy, Rachel (9 February 2016). "In pictures: Mong Ko
k hawker protest turns violent on first night of Lunar New Year". South China Mo
rning Post. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "??????????? ????????????". Apple Daily. 9 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "????????????". YAHOO. 16 Feb 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Cheung, Elizabeth; Leung, Christy (9 February 2016). "54 nabbe
d for Mong Kok riot, says Hong Kong police chief, with more arrests to come". So
uth China Morning Post.
^ Jump up to: a b "??????6???? ?????". Apple Daily. 10 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "'An inquiry into the Mong Kok riot would only create a new battlegrou
nd': former Central Policy Unit chief compares Star Ferry and Hong Kong riots".
SCMP. 16 February 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Lau, Chris; Ng, Joyce; Lee, Danny (9 February
2016). "Gunshots fired as violence flares between Hong Kong police and protestor
s defending Mong Kok hawkers on first day of Chinese New Year". South China Morn
ing Post.
Jump up ^ VICE News. "'Fishball Revolution' Creates Chaos on Hong Kong Streets D
uring Chinese New Year Fest". VICE News.
Jump up ^ "The fire-monkey stirs: Street violence and politics". The Economist.
11 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Cheng, Kris (2 September 2015). "CY Leung's ratings at new low, says H
KU poll". Hong Kong Free Press.
Jump up ^ Cheung, Eric (27 July 2015). "Public trust in police force reaches new
low survey". Hong Kong Free Press.
Jump up ^ "Categories Law & Order 33 arrested in Yuen Long protest". Government
of Hong Kong. 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Ramzy, Austin (8 February 2016). "Protesters and Police Clash at Chine
se New Year Festivities in Hong Kong". New York Times.
Jump up ^ "????? ???????". Stand News. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 9 February 20
16.
Jump up ^ "??????? ?????". Oriental Daily News. 3 February 2014. Retrieved 9 Feb
ruary 2016.
Jump up ^ "??????? ???????????". Stand News. 10 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "???????? ????????? ?????:????". Apple Daily (in Chinese). 17 January
2015. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "??????? ??????". Economic Times. 17 February 2015. Retrieved 10 Febru
ary 2016.
Jump up ^ "???? - ???????? ?????????". Passion Times. 20 February 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Masked men attack hawkers, residents at Tuen Mun housing es
tate". EJ Insight.
Jump up ^ "???????? ???????". Apple Daily (in Chinese). 3 February 2016.(traditi
onal Chinese)
Jump up ^ "??????". Stand News. 8 February 2016.(traditional Chinese)
Jump up ^ "???,?????!". Stand News. 8 February 2016.(traditional Chinese)
Jump up ^ "????". News Magazine 2016. Episode 5 (in Chinese). 10 February 2016.
TVB. Jade. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lau, Chris (9 January 2016). "Timeline and map: how the
Mong Kok street hawker hygiene clampdown became a full-scale riot". South China
Morning Post.
^ Jump up to: a b "???????????????: ?????????". Apple Daily. 9 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "???????? ???????". Apple Daily. 9 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "?????????????? 61????". Apple Daily. 9 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "??????????24??? ?????44??". Apple Daily. 9 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "??????????????". HK01.
^ Jump up to: a b c Cheung, Karen (9 February 2016). "Protester violence in Mong
Kok and police reaction condemned by political and activist groups". Hong Kong
Free Press.
Jump up ^ "????????????????????? ???????". HK01. 8 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "???????? ??????? ?????". Ming Pao. 9 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "?????????????? ?????". Apple Daily. 10 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Fung, Owen; Lee, Eddie (10 February 2016). "'I will be here until they
kill us' street vendors at Hong Kong estate defiant after simmering unrest turn
s violent". South China Morning Post.
Jump up ^ "???? ????????????? ??:?23?????". Apple Daily. 13 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hong Lei's Remarks on the Riot in Hong
Kong". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. 11 Februar
y 2016.
Jump up ^ Tweed, David (26 February 2016). "Hong Kong Independence Goes From Fri
nge Cause to Contender". Bloomberg Business.
Jump up ^ "'Don't do stupid things': PLA blames 'separatists' in Hong Kong for M
ong Kok riot, criticises Western media's coverage of incident". South China Morn
ing Post. 19 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Government condemns mob activities". Hong Kong Government. 9 Febr
uary 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Sun, Nikki (9 January 2016). "Hong Kong New Year fireworks wil
l not be cancelled: Chief Executive CY Leung condemns Mong Kok protesters, suppo
rts police tactics". South China Morning Post.
^ Jump up to: a b "????????????????? ???????????". Apple Daily. 9 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "?????????:???23??? ????????????". Apple Daily. 13 January 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Cheung, Karen (11 February 2016). "Local university student
unions stand united with Mong Kok protesters, condemn police action". Hong Kong
Free Press.
Jump up ^ "???????????????? ??????????". Apple Daily. 9 January 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Govt attitude will spur more violence: Joshua Wong". Radio Te
levision Hong Kong. 11 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "?????????:?????????? ????????". Apple Daily. 9 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "???????????? ??????????". Apple Daily. 9 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Ma, Laura; Blund, Rachel (9 January 2016). "#Fishballrevolution: Hong
Kong's social media users react to violent Mong Kok hawker protest". South China
Morning Post.
Jump up ^ Moss, Daniel (10 January 2016). "Fishball spike: world searches for me
aning in Hong Kong treat that helped spark a riot". South China Morning Post.
Jump up ^ "??????????????". HK01. 9 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "?????????????????? ?20??????". Apple Daily. 9 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "??????????????????????". Apple Daily. 10 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Cheung, Tony (10 February 2016). "Former Occupy activist nabbed at Hon
g Kong airport over alleged involvement in Mong Kok riot". South China Morning P
ost.
Jump up ^ "???????????????:???????????". Apple Daily. 9 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "??????38?????? ??????". Apple Daily. 11 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Man arrested despite following police orders, video shows". EJ Insigh
t. 15 February 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Cheng, Kris (10 February 2016). "Student activist group member
arrested at airport over alleged involvement in Mong Kok unrest". Hong Kong Fre
e Press.
Jump up ^ "?????????????" [We request the police immediately release Lam Shun-hi
n] (in Chinese). Divinity School of Chung Chi College, Chinese University of Hon
g Kong. 10 October 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Mok, Danny (11 February 2016). "Hong Kong police probe possibl
e riot link after trio arrested in flat with haul of offensive weapons". South C
hina Morning Post.
^ Jump up to: a b "?????????????". Apple Daily. 13 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Wong, Hermina (2016-02-12). "Leader of localist group linked to Mong K
ok unrest falls off radar after 'final message'". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieve
d 2016-02-23.
Jump up ^ Cheung, Eric (2016-02-22). "Police find 'explosive material', 'weapons
' as Ray Wong is arrested". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
Jump up ^ "Hunt on for 100 Hong Kong rioters who took 'active role' in Mong Kok
mayhem". South China Morning Post. 23 February 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Cheng, Kris (10 February 2016). "Local newspaper journalist to
file complaint after being 'beaten up' by police". Hong Kong Free Press.
Jump up ^ "Why government rejected independent probe into Mong Kok clashes". EJ
Insight. 16 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Police to hold inquiry about warning shots". Radio Television Hong Ko
ng. 9 February 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Siu, Jasmine; Leung, Christy (11 February 2016). "Angry Hong K
ong police criticise 'feeble' senior management over Mong Kok riot arrangements"
. South China Morning Post.
Jump up ^ "2016 Legislative Council Geographical Constituency New Territories By
-election - Election Result". Electoral Affairs Commission. 29 February 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2016 Mong Kok civil unrest.
[show] v t e
History of Hong Kong since 1997
Categories: 2016 in Hong Kong2016 riotsFebruary 2016 crimesFebruary 2016 events
in AsiaLocalism in Hong KongMong KokRiots and civil disorder in Hong Kong
Navigation menu
Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog inArticleTalkReadEditView histor
ySearch
Search Wikipedia
Go
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Bn-lm-g
Bahasa Indonesia
???
??
??
??
??
Edit links
This page was last modified on 1 March 2017, at 03:50.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; add
itional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and P
rivacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, I
nc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimersContact WikipediaDevelopersCookie statem
entMobile viewWikimedia Foundation Powered by MediaWiki