TIIN, TEHNOLOGIE

I INOVARE

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY
AND INNOVATION
13
 CUPRINS TABELE Pagina TABLES CONTENTS
Page

CERCETARE - DEZVOLTARE RESEARCH - DEVELOPMENT

13.1 Principalii indicatori din activitatea de Main indicators from research-development

cercetare-dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan activity, by sector of performance and
i forme de proprietate ........................................... 406 type of ownership
13.2 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, Employees from research-development
dup ocupaie i nivel de pregtire ........................ 408 activity, by occupation and training level
13.3 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, Employees from research-development activity,
pe sectoare de performan i ocupaii ................. 410 by sector of performance and occupation
13.4 Cercettorii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, Researchers from research-development
pe domenii tiinifice .............................................. 410 activity, by scientific field
13.5 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, Employees from research-development activity,
pe sectoare de performan i nivel de pregtire .. 411 by sector of performance and training level
13.6 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, Employees from research-development
pe sectoare de performan i nivel de pregtire, activity, by sector of performance and training
conform Clasificrii Internaionale Standard level, according to International Standard
a Educaiei (CISE) ................................................. 412 Classification of Education (ISCED)
13.7 Cercettorii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, Researchers from research-development activity,
pe sectoare de performan i grupe de vrst ..... 413 by sector of performance and age group
13.8 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare Employees from research-development activity
din sectorul mediului de afaceri, pe activiti in business sector, by economic activity
economice i dup ocupaie .................................. 414 and occupation
13.9 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare Employees from research-development
din sectorul mediului de afaceri, pe activiti activity in business sector, by economic
economice i dup nivelul de pregtire ................. 416 activity and training level
13.10 Cheltuielile curente din activitatea de Current expenditure from research-development
cercetare-dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan activity, by sector of performance
i tipuri de cercetare .............................................. 418 and type of research
13.11 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de Total expenditure from research-development
cercetare-dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan activity, by sector of performance
i categorii de cheltuieli ......................................... 418 and expenditure category
13.12 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de Total expenditure from research-development
cercetare-dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan activity, by sector of performance
i surse de finanare .............................................. 420 and financing source
13.13 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de Total expenditure from research-development
cercetare-dezvoltare din sectorul mediului activity in business sector,
de afaceri, pe activiti economice by economic activity and expenditure
i categorii de cheltuieli ......................................... 422 category
13.14 Numrul proiectelor i cheltuielile totale de Number of projects and total
cercetare-dezvoltare, conform NABS, research-development expenditure,
pe tipuri de surse de finanare, pentru according to NABS, by type of
activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, financing sources, for the
n anul 2012 ........................................................... 424 research-development activity, in 2012

INOVAREA N INDUSTRIE I SERVICII INNOVATION IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES

13.15 ntreprinderi cu inovare tehnologic, Enterprises with technological innovation,

dup tipul inovrii, n perioada 2008-2010 ............ 425 by type of innovation, during 2008-2010
13.16 Tipologia inovatorilor, n perioada 2008-2010 ....... 426 Innovators typology, during 2008-2010
13.17 Cifra de afaceri a ntreprinderilor inovatoare, Turnover of innovative enterprises, by activity
pe activiti i clase de mrime, n anul 2010 ....... 428 and size class, in 2010

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13.18 Numrul de salariai ai ntreprinderilor Employees number of innovative

inovatoare, pe activiti i enterprises, by activity and size class,
clase de mrime, n anul 2010 .............................. 429 in 2010
13.19 Ponderea cifrei de afaceri a ntreprinderilor Weight of turnover of enterprises
cu inovare de produse n cifra de afaceri total with product innovation in total turnover
a ntrerpinderilor inovatoare, n anul 2010 ............. 429 of innovative enterprises, in 2010
13.20 Ponderea ntreprinderilor cu produse Weight of enterprises with products
i/sau procese inovatoare care au indicat and/or process innovation which indicated
obiective cu grad ridicat de importan, high important objectives, in total
n total ntreprinderi inovatoare, innovative enterprises,
n perioada 2008 - 2010 ........................................ 430 during 2008-2010
13.21 Cheltuielile pentru inovare tehnologic, Technological innovation expenditure,
n anul 2010 ........................................................... 432 in 2010
13.22 ntreprinderile cu inovare tehnologic care Enterprises with technological innovation which
au primit fonduri publice n total ntreprinderi benefitted of public funds in total innovative
inovatoare, pe tipuri de fonduri publice, enterprises, by type of public funds,
n perioada 2008-2010 ........................................... 433 during 2008-2010
13.23 Ponderea ntreprinderilor cu inovare Weight of enterprises with technological
tehnologic care coopereaz, n total innovation based on cooperation in total
ntreprinderi inovatoare, dup tipul partenerului innovative enterprises, by cooperation
de cooperare i locaia geografic a partner type and geographical location
partenerului, n perioada 2008-2010 ..................... 434 of partner, during 2008-2010

BREVETE DE INVENIE I ALTE OBIECTE ALE PATENTS AND OTHER OBJECTS OF

PROPRIETII INDUSTRIALE INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

13.24 Cererile de brevet de invenie depuse ................... 436 Submitted patent applications
13.25 Brevete de invenie acordate i publicate .............. 437 Granted and published patents
13.26 Alte obiecte de proprietate industrial ................... 437 Other objects of industrial property

Teritorial Territorial

13.27 Activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, Research-development activity,

n profil teritorial ............................................................ at territorial level
13.28 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, Employees from research-development activity,
n profil teritorial i pe ocupaii ...................................... at territorial level and occupation
13.29 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de Total expenditure from research-development
cercetare-dezvoltare, n profil teritorial activity, at territorial level and
i pe categorii de cheltuieli ........................................... expenditure category
13.30 ntreprinderi cu inovare tehnologic, dup tipul Enterprises with technological innovation, by type
inovrii, n profil teritorial, n perioada 2008-2010 ........ of innovation, at territorial level, during 2008-2010
13.31 Tipologia inovatorilor, n profil teritorial, Innovators typology, at territorial level,
n perioada 2008-2010 .................................................. during 2008-2010
13.32 Cheltuielile pentru inovare tehnologic, Technological innovation expenditure,
n profil teritorial, n anul 2010 ...................................... at territorial level, in 2010
13.33 Cererile de brevet de invenie depuse de Submitted patent applications by
solicitani romni, n profil teritorial ............................... Romanian applicants, at territorial level
13.34 Cererile de nregistrare a desenelor / modelelor, Designs and models registration applications,
ale solicitanilor romni, n profil teritorial ..................... by Romanian applicants, at territorial level
13.35 Cererile de nregistrare a mrcilor, ale solicitanilor Trademarks registration applications of
romni, n profil teritorial ............................................... Romanian applicants, at territorial level

393
 SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice:
 Cercetri statistice privind activitatea de cercetare-
dezvoltare;
 Cercetri statistice privind inovarea n industrie i
servicii, avnd la baz Ancheta Comunitar de
Inovare (CIS) a Uniunii Europene.
Surse administrative:
 Oficiul de Stat pentru Invenii i Mrci (OSIM), pentru
datele referitoare la brevete de invenie i alte
obiecte ale proprietii industriale.
PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
Domeniul tiinei, tehnologiei i inovrii prezentat n
acest capitol cuprinde statistici referitoare la: cercetare-
dezvoltare, inovare, brevete de invenie i alte obiecte ale
proprietii industriale.
CERCETARE - DEZVOLTARE
Sfera de cuprindere: unitile specializate (cu
activitate principal) n cercetare-dezvoltare, unitile
economice i sociale care au colective de cercetare-
dezvoltare, staiuni i institute de cercetare i producie
agricol, unitile de nvmnt superior i clinicile and university clinics which have research-development
universitare care au structuri de cercetare-dezvoltare,
organizaii non-profit care au desfurat activitate de
cercetare-dezvoltare.
Cercetarea-dezvoltarea - activitatea sistematic i
creatoare iniiat pentru a spori volumul de cunotine,
inclusiv cunotinele despre om, cultur i utilizarea
acestor cunotine pentru noi aplicaii.
Tipuri de cercetare-dezvoltare:
cercetarea fundamental, activitate experimental
sau teoretic iniiat n primul rnd, pentru
acumularea de noi cunotine privind aspectele
fundamentale ale fenomenelor i faptelor
observabile fr s aib n vedere o aplicaie
deosebit sau specific;
cercetarea aplicativ, activitate de investigare
original n scopul acumulrii de noi cunotine, fiind
ns orientat, n principal, spre un scop sau un
obiectiv practic, specific;
dezvoltarea experimental, activitate sistematic,
ce se folosete de cunotinele existente acumulate
de pe urma cercetrii i/sau a experienei practice n
vederea lansrii n fabricaie de noi materiale,
produse i dispozitive, introducerea de noi
procedee, sisteme i servicii sau mbuntirea
substanial a celor deja existente.
394
DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys:
 Statistical surveys on research-development activity;
 Statistical surveys on innovation in industry and
services, based on the Community Innovation
Survey (CIS) of the European Union.
Administrative sources:
 State Office for Inventions and Trademarks (SOIT),
for the data on patents and other objects of industrial
properties.
METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
Science, technology and innovation field presented
in this chapter comprises statistics regarding research-
development, innovation, patents and other objects of
industrial property.
RESEARCH - DEVELOPMENT
Coverage: specialised units (with main activity) in
research-development, economic and social units having
research-development staff, agricultural production and
research institutes and stations, higher-education units
structures, non-profit organisations which carried out
research-development activity.
Research-development - the systematic and
creative activity initiated to enhance the volume of
knowledge, including those on human being, culture and
using them for new applications.
Types of research-development:
fundamental research, experimental or theoretical
activity primarily initiated to accumulate new
knowledge on the fundamental aspects of
phenomena and facts that could be examined,
without having in view a special or specific
application;
applicative research, activity of original
investigation in order to accumulate new knowledge,
being mainly oriented towards a specific practical
purpose or objective;
experimental development, systematic activity
which uses the knowledge accumulated as a result
of research and/or practical experience in order to
launch in fabrication new materials, products and
devices, to introduce new procedures, systems and
services or to significantly improve those already
existing.
 Datele statistice aferente activitii de cercetare-
dezvoltare includ i proiectarea tehnologic.
Resursele umane i financiare din cercetare-
dezvoltare sunt prezentate pe sectoare de performan,
conform metodologiei prevzut n Manualul Frascati al
OECD, ediia 2002, dup modelul celor din Sistemul
Conturilor Naionale, astfel:
sectorul de performan mediul de afaceri
(BES-business) cuprinde unitile din mediul de
afaceri al economiei naionale care au activitate
principal sau secundar de cercetare-dezvoltare,
cunoscute sau necunoscute la momentul realizrii
eantionului de uniti raportoare.
Acest sector include: toate ntreprinderile,
organizaiile si instituiile din mediul de afaceri a
cror activitate este producerea de bunuri i servicii
destinate pieei.
Nucleul de baz al sectorului de performan
BES este format din ntreprinderi private
(corporaii sau cvasi-corporaii), chiar dac obin sau
nu profit. Printre aceste ntreprinderi pot fi gsite
unele firme, pentru care activitatea de cercetare-
dezvoltare este principala activitate (ca de exemplu:
instituii comerciale de cercetare-dezvoltare i
laboratoare).
Adiional, acest sector poate s includ
ntreprinderi publice (corporaii publice sau cvasi-
corporaii guvernamentale) angajate n producia i
vnzarea unui anumit tip de bunuri i servicii care
sunt de obicei furnizate de ctre ntreprinderi private.
Acest sector include de asemenea i instituiile
non-profit care sunt direct productoare de
bunuri i servicii, altele dect serviciile de
nvmnt superior cum ar fi:
instituiile non-profit angajate n producia de pia
care au ca activitate principal producerea de
bunuri i servicii n scopul vnzrii la un pre care
acoper principalele costuri de producie. n acest
sector se pot include institute de cercetare,
anumite clinici i spitale private , firme cu diverse
practici medicale contra unei taxe, care sunt n
msur s atrag fonduri suplimentare sub
form de donaii sau din active proprii.
instituiile non-profit care deservesc sectorul
mediului de afaceri. Acestea sunt create i
ndrumate de asociaii din mediul de afaceri care
au ca scop promovarea propriei activiti , cum ar
fi asociaiile comerciale sau agricole.
sectorul de performan guvernamental
(GOV-governmental) cuprinde toate unitile
guvernamentale (inclusiv ministere ordonatoare de
credite bugetare destinate activitii de cercetare-
dezvoltare), unitti care furnizeaz servicii publice,
cele cu activitti de cercetare-dezvoltare ale
administraiei centrale i locale, precum i institutele
naionale de cercetare-dezvoltare.
Statistical data related to research-development
activity also include technological design.
Human and financial resources from research-
development are presented by sectors of performance,
according to the methodology stipulated in the Frascati
Manual of OECD, 2002 edition, observing the model of
those used in the National Accounts System, as follows:
Sector of enterprises performance (BES-
business) includes units from the business
environment of national economy, whose main or
secondary activity is R&D, either known or unknown
at the time of setting up the reporting units sample.
This sector includes: all the firms, organisations
and institutions from the business environment
having as main activity production of goods and
services for the market.
The basic nucleus of this sector consists in
private enterprises (corporations or quasi-
corporations), irrespective if they get profit or not.
Among those enterprises there can be found some
firms for which R&D activity is the main activity (for
instance: R&D commercial institutions and labs).
Additionally, this sector can include public
enterprises (public corporations or governmental
quasi-corporations) involved in the production and
sale of a certain type of goods and services which
are usually supplied by private enterprises.
This sector also includes non profit
institutions which directly produce goods and
services, other than higher education services
such as:
non profit institutions involved in the market
production having as main activity production of
goods and services in order to sell for a price
covering the main production costs. This sector
can include research institutes, certain private
clinics and hospitals, firms with various medical
practices for a fee, which can draw over additional
funds as donations or from own assets.
non profit institutions serving business sector.
They are created and guided by business
associations having as purpose to promote their
own activity, such as commercial or agricultural
associations.
governmental performance sector (GOV-
governmental) includes all the governmental units
(including authorising officers devoted to R&D
activities), units rendering public services, units with
R&D activities belonging to central and local
administrations, as well as national institutes of
research-development.
395
 sectorul de performan nvmnt superior
(HES-tertiary education) cuprinde toate unitile
din nvmntul superior de stat i particular,
pecum i clinicile medicale care se afl sub
ndrumarea direct sau administrate n asociaie cu
instituii din sectorul nvmnt superior i care
desfoar activiti de cercetare-dezvoltare.
sectorul de performan privat non-profit (PNP-
private non-profit) cuprinde uniuni, fundaii, centre,
asociaii, organizaii, sindicate, partide i formaiuni
politice care desfoar activiti de cercetare-
dezvoltare. Aici se includ i asociaiile familiale.
Aceste uniti furnizeaz de regul servicii
colective sau individuale fr plat sau cu un pre
total nesemnificativ.
Personalul din activitatea de cercetare-
dezvoltare este constituit din persoanele care particip
la realizarea temelor de cercetare sau furnizeaz servicii
directe legate de aceast activitate.
Personalul de cercetare-dezvoltare a fost grupat
dup mai multe criterii (unele se refer la personalul cu
calificare superioar), astfel:
a) dup ocupaie:
cercettori - specialiti care lucreaz la conceperea
sau crearea de cunotine, noi produse i procedee,
metode i sisteme noi. n aceast categorie sunt
inclui cercettorii tiinifici atestai i alte categorii
de personal cu studii superioare care desfoar
nemijlocit activitate de cercetare-dezvoltare;
tehnicieni i asimilai - personalul cu un nivel
mediu de pregtire sau completat cu o pregtire
postliceal de specialitate ntr-un domeniu tehnic
sau de alt natur i care particip la activitatea de
cercetare-dezvoltare sub controlul direct al
cercettorilor;
alte categorii - muncitorii i personalul de
secretariat i de birou care particip la execuia
proiectelor de cercetare-dezvoltare sau care sunt
direct implicai n executarea unor astfel de proiecte.
b) dup nivelul de pregtire:
personal cu pregtire superioar care cuprinde
studii doctorale, studii postuniversitare i studii
superioare;
personal cu alt pregtire (exclusiv superioar).
Datele dup nivelul de pregtire sunt prezentate
conform Clasificrii Internaionale Standard a
Educaiei (CISE), astfel:
deintori ai titlului de doctor;
studii postuniversitare (exclusiv deintori ai titlului
de doctor);
studii superioare de lung durat;
studii superioare de scurt durat;
alt pregtire (studii postliceale i de maitri, studii
liceale, profesionale i de ucenici, alte situaii).
396
sector of tertiary education performance (HES-
tertiary education) includes all the units belonging
to public and private tertiary education and medical
clinics under direct guidance or administered in
association with institutions from tertiary education
sector carrying out R&D activities.
non profit private performance sector (PNP-
private non-profit) includes unions, foundations,
centres, associations, organizations, trade unions,
political parties and formations which carry out R&D
activities. Family associations are also included here.
These units usually provide collective or
individual services free of charge or at an
insignificant price.
Staff from research-development activity is
constituted of persons who participate in carrying out
research themes or who provide services directly related
to this research-development activity.
Research-development staff was broken-down by
several criteria (some refer only to the staff with higher
qualification), as follows:
a) by occupation:
researchers - experts working for accumulating
knowledge, concepts, creating new products and
procedures, methods and systems. This category
includes certified scientific researchers and other
categories of higher education staff, directly carrying
out research-development activity;
technicians and assimilated - persons with high-
school education or completed by post high-school
specialised training for a technical field or another,
and who take part in research-development activity,
under direct control of researchers;
other categories - workers and secretariate and
office staff who take part in research-development
projects or are directly involved in such projects.
b) by level of training:
staff with tertiary education, comprising doctorate,
post-university and tertiary studies;
staff with another education (excluding tertiary education).
The data by training level are presented according to
the International Standard Classification of
Education (ISCED), following:
doctorate holders;
post-university education (excluding doctorate
holders);
long-term tertiary education;
short-term tertiary education;
other education (post high-school and foremen
education, high-school, vocational and
aprenticeship, other situations).
 ncepnd cu anul 1993, personalul din activitatea de
cercetare-dezvoltare s-a calculat i n echivalent
norm ntreag prin transformarea numrului de
lucrtori cu norm parial n echivalent de lucrtori cu
norm ntreag, corespunztor timpului de lucru destinat
acestei activiti.
Evaluarea resurselor umane s-a fcut astfel:
norm ntreag n domeniul cercetrii-dezvoltrii
(90% din timp sau peste);
lucreaz, n principal, n domeniul cercetrii-
dezvoltrii (50% - 90% din timp);
norm parial n domeniul cercetrii-dezvoltrii (mai
puin de 50% din timp).
Cheltuielile curente cuprind toate plile,
reprezentnd costul forei de munc i al materialelor.
Cheltuielile de capital (investiii) cuprind plile
efectuate n cursul unei perioade pentru realizarea de
lucrri de construcii, achiziionarea de aparate,
instrumente, maini i echipamente sau alte cheltuieli de
aceast natur, menite s contribuie la creterea
volumului de mijloace fixe ale unitii.
Cheltuielile totale (curente i de capital) aferente
activitii de cercetare-dezvoltare s-au grupat dup o
serie de caracteristici, astfel:
a) dup sursa de finanare:
de la ntreprinderi, destinate realizrii lucrrilor de
cercetare-dezvoltare contractate de acestea,
precum i din resursele provenite din activitile de
producie, microproducie, economii la cheltuielile
generale ale unitii i alte surse de care dispune
unitatea;
din fondurile publice, administrate n principal de
coordonatorii de fonduri i utilizate pentru finanarea
lucrrilor de cercetare-dezvoltare realizate pe baz
de contracte i programe generale finanate de la
buget;
din fondurile publice generale universitare, care
cuprind sumele acordate prin granturi de ministerul
coordonator i creditele de la diferite organisme
internaionale;
de la unitile din nvmntul superior, pentru
realizarea lucrrilor de cercetare-dezvoltare
contractate de acestea precum i ncasrile din
microproducie, vnzri de reviste, jurnale, taxe de la
studeni, nchirieri de spaii etc.;
de la instituii fr scop lucrativ, pentru realizarea
lucrrilor de cercetare-dezvoltare contractate de
organizaii profesionale, asociaii sindicale, culturale,
organizaii de caritate sau ntrajutorare etc.;
din fondurile din strintate, pentru activiti de
cercetare-dezvoltare, inclusiv sursele primite de la
organizaii internaionale, guverne sau instituii strine;
alte surse de finanare.
Starting with 1993, the staff from research-
development activity has been also calculated in full-
time equivalent converting the number of part time
workers in equivalent of full-time workers, corresponding
to the working time devoted to this activity.
The evaluation of human resources was
performed as follows:
full-time in the field of research-development (90% of
time or over);
mainly working in the field of research-development
(50-90% of time);
part-time in the field of research-development (less
than 50% of time).
Current expenditure include all payments,
representing the labour cost and cost of materials.
Capital expenditure (investments) include
payments made during a period for construction works,
purchase of apparatus, instruments, machinery and
equipment or other similar expenditure, meant to
contribute to the increase in the units fixed assets
volume.
Total expenditure (capital and current ones) for
research-development activity were structured by
several features, as follows:
a) by financing source:
from enterprises, to achieve research-development
works contracted by them, as well as from resources
coming from production activities, microproduction,
savings of unit general expenses and any other
available sources of the unit;
from public funds, mainly managed by funds
coordinators and used to finance research-
development works based on contracts and general
programs financed from the budget;
from university public general funds, which
comprise grants from coordinator ministry and
credits from various international bodies;
from tertiary education units, to achieve research-
development works contracted by them as well as
receipts from microproduction, sales of magazines,
newspapers, student taxes, space rents a.s.o.;
from non-lucrative institutions, to achieve
research-development works contracted by
professional organisations, trade unions, cultural
associations, charity or mutual assistance
organisations a.s.o.;
external funds, for research-development activities,
including sources from international bodies,
governments or foreign institutions;
other financing sources.
397
 b) dup obiective socio-economice, cheltuielile
aferente activitii de cercetare-dezvoltare sunt structurate
pe tipuri de programe tiinifice utilizate pe plan
internaional (conform Nomenclatorului pentru analiza i
comparaia bugetelor i programelor tiinifice - NABS).
INOVAREA N INDUSTRIE I SERVICII
Sfera de cuprindere: ntreprinderile active cu peste
9 salariai, care desfoar activiti comerciale i care au which develop commercial activities and which have their
activitatea economic principal n urmtoarele domenii:
industrie (CAEN Rev.2, diviziunile: 05-09, 10-33,
35, 36-39);
servicii (CAEN Rev.2, diviziunile: 46, 49-53, 58, 61,
62, 63, 64-66, 71).
Inovarea este o activitate din care rezult un produs
(bun sau serviciu) nou sau semnificativ mbuntit sau
un proces nou sau semnificativ mbuntit, o metod
nou de marketing sau o metod nou organizaional.
Inovarea este bazat pe rezultatele unor tehnologii noi, a
unor dezvoltri tehnologice, a noi combinaii ale
tehnologiei existente sau utilizarea altor cunotine
obinute de ntreprindere. Inovarea trebuie s fie nou
pentru ntreprindere, dar nu este necesar s fie nou
pentru sectorul de activitate sau pentru pia. Nu are
importan dac inovarea a aprut iniial n
ntreprinderea repondent sau n alte ntreprinderi.
Inovarea de produs nseamn introducerea pe
pia a unui bun sau serviciu nou sau semnificativ
mbuntit cu respectarea nsuirilor sale, de exemplu
un software mbuntit, introducerea de elemente de
utilizare prietenoase, componente sau subsisteme.
Inovarea de proces corespunde implementrii
unui proces productiv, unei metode de distribuie sau
unei activiti auxiliare noi sau semnificativ
mbuntite.
Inovarea organizaional reprezint
implementarea unei metode noi n practicile de afaceri
ale ntreprinderii, n organizarea locului de munc sau n
relaiile externe.
Inovarea de marketing se refer la implementarea unei
metode noi de marketing ce implic schimbri semnificative
n design-ul sau n ambalarea produsului, n plasarea
produsului, promovarea acestuia sau n stabilirea preului.
ntreprinderi inovatoare sunt ntreprinderile care au
lansat produse (bunuri sau servicii) noi sau semnificativ
mbuntite pe pia sau au introdus procese noi sau
semnificativ mbuntite sau noi metode de organizare
sau de marketing. Termenul acoper toate tipurile de
inovatori, inovatorii de produs, de proces, de metode de
organizare sau de metode de marketing, precum i
ntreprinderile cu inovri nefinalizate sau abandonate i
se refer la ntreprinderile active.
ntreprinderile cu inovare tehnologic sunt acele
ntreprinderi care au produse sau procese noi sau
semnificativ mbuntite.
398
b) by socio-economic objectives, the expenditure for
research-development activity are structured by types of
scientific programmes used at international level (according
to the Nomenclature for analysis and comparison of
budgets and scientific programmes - NABS).
INNOVATION IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES
Coverage: active enterprises with over 9 employees,
main economic activity in the following fields:
industry (CANE Rev.2, divisions: 05-09, 10-33, 35,
36-39);
services (CANE Rev.2, divisions: 46, 49-53, 58, 61,
62, 63, 64-66, 71).
Innovation is an activity resulting in a new or
significantly improved product (good or service) or a new
or significantly improved process, a new marketing
method or a new organizational method. Innovation is
based on results of new technologies, technological
development, new combinations of existent technologies
or using other knowledge obtained by the enterprise.
Innovation should be new for the enterprise, but it is not
necessary to be new for activity sector or for the market.
It is not important if innovation initially appeared in
respondent enterprise or in other enterprises.
Product innovation means introduction on the
market of a new or significantly improved good or service
respecting its features, for instance an improved
software, introduction of elements of friendly use,
components or subsystems.
Process innovation corresponds to the
implementation of a new or significantly improved
productive process, distribution method or auxiliary
activity.
Organisational innovation represents the
implementation of a new method in enteprise business
practices, in the work place organization or in external
relations.
Marketing innovation refers to implementation of a
new marketing method involving significant changes in
the product design or its package, in product placement
its promotion or price set up.
Innovative enterprises are enterprises which
launched new or significantly imrpoved products(goods
or services) on the market or introduced new or
significantly improved processes or new organization or
marketing methods This term covers all the types of
innovators, product, process, organization method or
marketing methods, as well as enterprises with
unfinalized or abandoned innovations and refer to active
enterprises.
Enterprises with technological innovation are
those enterprises which have new or significantly
improved products or processes.
 ntreprinderile cu inovare non-tehnologic sunt
acele ntreprinderi care au introdus metode de organizare
sau de marketing noi sau semnificativ mbuntite.
ntreprinderile cu inovri nefinalizate sau
abandonate sunt ntreprinderile care au avut inovare
nefinalizat sau abandonat pentru dezvoltarea sau
introducerea produselor noi sau semnificativ mbuntite
(bunuri sau servicii) sau implementarea noilor procese,
inclusiv activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare.
ntreprinderile non-inovatoare sunt ntreprinderile
care nu au avut activitate inovatoare n perioada
analizat. Aceste ntreprinderi au rspuns la un set
limitat de ntrebri din ancheta statistic, cu privire la
absena activitii inovatoare.
Cheltuielile pentru inovare cuprind att cheltuielile
pentru inovarea finalizat, ct i cele pentru inovarea
nefinalizat sau abandonat. Principalele componente
ale cheltuielilor sunt:
Cheltuielile pentru activitatea de cercetare-
dezvoltare intern - cheltuieli pentru activitile
creatoare ntreprinse sistematic n cadrul
ntreprinderii, n vederea creterii volumului de
cunotine i a utilizrii lor n scopul realizrii de
produse (bunuri sau servicii) i procese noi i
mbuntite (inclusiv dezvoltare de software).
Cheltuielile pentru activitatea de cercetare-
dezvoltare extern - cheltuieli pentru activitile de
cercetare-dezvoltare realizate de ctre alte
ntreprinderi sau institute de cercetare.
Cheltuieli pentru achiziia de maini,
echipamente i software - cheltuieli pentru
achiziionarea de utilaje performante, echipamente,
hardware sau software pentru obinerea produselor
i/sau proceselor noi sau cu mbuntiri
semnificative.
Cheltuieli pentru achiziii de alte cunotine
externe care includ achiziia de licene de
brevete i invenii nebrevetate, know-how i alte
tipuri de cunotine de la alte ntreprinderi sau
organizaii.
Finanarea public a inovrii include sprijin
financiar sub form de granturi (mprumuturi
nerambursabile), credite, subvenii i garanii pentru
credite, primite de ntreprinderi din partea diferitelor
organisme: autoriti locale sau regionale, guvern
(inclusiv instituii ce lucreaz n numele guvernului) i
Uniunea European.
Cooperarea n domeniul inovrii nseamn
participare activ la proiecte comune de cercetare-
dezvoltare i la alte proiecte de inovare cu alte
ntreprinderi sau instituii. Din aceast cooperare nu
este neaprat necesar ca ambii parteneri s aib
beneficii comerciale imediate comune. Contractarea de
lucrri, fr o colaborare activ, nu nseamn without active collaboration, does not mean
cooperare.
Enterprises with non technological innovation
are those enterprises which introduced new or
significantly improved organization or marketing methods.
Enterprises with unfinalized or abandoned
innovations are enterprises which had unfinalized or
abandoned innovation to develop or introduce new or
significantly improved products (goods or services) or
implement new processes, including R&D activity.
Non-innovative enterprises are enterprises which
have no innovative activity in the analyzed period. These
enterprises responded to a limited set of questions from
the statistical survey regarding absence of innovative
activity.
Expenditure for innovation include both
expenditure for finalized innovation and those fro
refinalized or abandoned innovation. Main components
of expenditure are
Expenditure for internal R&D activity -
expenditure for creative activities systematically
developed within the enterprises in order to increase
volume of knowledge and their use to achieve new
and improved products (goods and services) and
processes (including software development).
Expenditure for external R&D activity -
expenditure for R&D activities achieved by other
enterprises or research institutes.
Expenditure for purchasing machinery,
equipment and software - expenditure for
purchasing performing machinery, equipment,
hardware or software to obtain new or significantly
improved products and/or processes.
Expenditure for purchasing other external
knowledge which include purchasing patent
licences and not patented inventions, know-how and
other types of knowledge from other enterprises or
organisations.
Public financing of innovation includes financial
support as grants (non reimbursable loans), credits,
subsidies and guarantees for credits, received by
enterprises from various bodies: local or regional
authorities, government (including institutions working on
government behalf) and European Union.
Cooperation in the field of innovation means
active participation in common R&D projects and other
innovation projects with other enterprises or
institutions. Out of this cooperation, it is not absolutely
necessary that both partners should have common
immediate commercial benefits. Contracting works,
cooperation.
399
 Sursele de informare pentru inovare se refer la
principalele surse cu grad ridicat de importan,
necesare pentru iniierea de noi proiecte de inovare,
pentru contribuia la completarea proiectelor de inovare
existente sau pentru utilizarea drepturilor de proprietate
intelectual. Ele se clasific n surse interne, surse de
pia, surse instituionale i alte surse.
Obiectivele inovrilor se refer la intenia
ntreprinderii privind activitile inovatoare. Sunt
selectate obiective cu grad ridicat de importan,
respectiv: extinderea gamei de bunuri i servicii,
nlocuirea produselor sau proceselor vechi, intrarea pe
noi piee, creterea ponderii pieei, mbuntirea calitii weight, improve the quality of goods and services,
bunurilor i serviciilor, mbuntirea flexibilitii pentru improve the flexibility of goods and services production,
producerea de bunuri i servicii, creterea capacitii de
producere de bunuri i servicii, mbuntirea sntii i improve health and work security, reduce labour costs
gradului de securitate a muncii, reducerea costurilor cu
fora de munc pe unitatea de produs rezultat.
BREVETE DE INVENIE I ALTE OBIECTE ALE
PROPRIETII INDUSTRIALE
Datele au la baz reglementrile din legile
speciale de proprietate industrial i Hotrrea
Guvernului nr. 573/1998 n care sunt prevzute
sarcinile i competenele Oficiului de Stat pentru
Invenii i Mrci (OSIM), organ de specialitate al
administraiei publice centrale, cu autoritate unic pe
teritoriul Romniei n domeniul proteciei proprietii
industriale, n conformitate cu legea i cu prevederile
conveniilor internaionale la care statul romn este
parte.
Proprietatea industrial cuprinde: invenii, modele
de utilitate, soiuri de plante, mrci i indicaii geografice,
desene i modele, respectiv topografiile produselor
semiconductoare.
Solicitant - persoana fizic sau juridic care cere n
scris la OSIM, acordarea unui titlu de protecie pentru un
obiect de proprietate industrial (brevet sau certificat de
nregistrare).
Titular - persoana fizic sau juridic creia i
aparine dreptul conferit prin titlul de protecie acordat
(brevet sau certificat de nregistrare).
Brevet de invenie - titlul de protecie care se
acord de ctre OSIM pentru orice invenie avnd ca
obiect un produs sau un procedeu, n toate domeniile
tehnologice, cu condiia ca aceasta s fie nou, s
implice o activitate inventiv i s fie susceptibil de
aplicare industrial.
Cerere de brevet de invenie, redactat n limba
romn, cuprinde:
solicitarea acordrii unui brevet i datele de
identificare ale solicitantului;
o descriere a inveniei (prezentarea n scris a
inveniei);
400
Information sources for innovation refer to the
main very important sources, necessary to initiate new
innovation projects, for contribution to complete
innovation projects existent or for use of intellectual
proerty rights. They are classified in internal sources,
market sources, institutional sources and other sources.
Objectives of innovations refer to enterprise
intention regarding innovative activities. There are
selected very important objectives, namely: extension of
goods and services range, replace of obsolete products
or processes, entering new markets, growth of market
increase of capacity for goods and services production,
per unit of product.
PATENTS AND OTHER OBJECTS OF
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Data rely on the regulations from industrial property
special laws and Government Decision no. 573/1998
stipulating tasks and competences of State Office for
Inventions and Trademarks (SOIT), specialized body of
public central government, with unique authority on the
territory of Romania in the field of industrial property
protection, in accordance with the law and stipulations of
international conventions where the Romanian state is
party.
Industrial property includes inventions, utility
models, types of plants, marks and geographical
indications, drawings and models, respectively
topographies of semi-conductor products.
Applicant - natural or legal person who asks SOIT
in writing, for granting a protection title for an object of
industrial property (patent or registration certificate).
Titular - natural or legal person who holds the right
granted by protection tile (license or registration
certificate).
Patent - protection title granted by SOIT for any
invention having as object a product or procedure, in all
technological fields, provided that it should be new,
involve an inventive activity and susceptible of industrial
application.
Patent application elaborated into Romanian
comprises:
request for a patent and identification data of
applicant;
invention description (written presentation);
 una sau mai multe revendicri (partea de brevet
care cuprinde obiectul proteciei solicitate i al crui
coninut determin ntinderea proteciei);
desenele la care se face referire n descriere sau
revendicri.
Publicarea brevetului reprezint difuzarea
informaiei ntr-un mod accesibil publicului.
Brevet european - brevetul de invenie eliberat de
Oficiul European de Brevete, n conformitate cu
Convenia privind brevetul european, adoptat la
Mnchen la 5 octombrie 1973.
Brevet european validat n Romnia - este un
brevet european care are efecte n Romnia.
Clasificarea Internaional a Brevetelor (CIB),
instituit n baza Aranjamentului de la Strasbourg n anul
1971, mparte domeniul tehnic n opt seciuni cu
aproximativ 70000 de subdiviziuni. Simbolurile CIB,
formate din cifre arabe i litere ale alfabetului latin, se
aplic pe documentele de brevet (cereri de brevet
publicate i brevete acordate) de ctre oficiile de
proprietate industrial, naionale sau regionale, care
public aceste documente. CIB se utilizeaz n mai mult
de 100 de ri, care public anual peste un milion de
documente de brevet.
Modelul de utilitate protejeaz orice invenie
tehnic, cu condiia s fie nou, s depeasc nivelul
simplei ndemnri profesionale i s fie susceptibil de
aplicare industrial.
Cererea de model de utilitate conine:
datele de identificare ale solicitantului;
solicitarea proteciei prin model de utilitate, nsoit
de titlul inveniei;
o descriere a inveniei;
una sau mai multe revendicri;
desenele la care se face referire n descriere sau n
revendicri.
Certificatul de model de utilitate este un titlu de
protecie acordat de OSIM n condiiile prevzute de lege.
Brevet pentru soi de plant - se acord de OSIM
dac acesta este nou, distinct, uniform i stabil.
Soi - grupul de plante aparinnd unui taxon botanic
de cel mai jos rang cunoscut, care poate fi:
definit prin expresia caracterelor rezultnd dintr-un
anumit genotip sau dintr-o anumit combinaie de
genotipuri;
distinct fa de orice alt grup de plante, prin expresia
a cel puin unuia dintre caracterele prevzute mai
sus;
considerat ca o entitate cu privire la capacitatea sa
de a fi reprodus ca atare.
Desen sau model - aspectul exterior al unui produs
sau al unei pri a acestuia, redat n dou sau trei
dimensiuni, rezultat din combinaia dintre principalele
caracteristici, ndeosebi linii, contururi, culori, form, textur
i/sau materiale i/sau ornamentaia produsului n sine.
one or several claims (patent part presenting object
of requested protection and whose content
determines protection extent);
drawings referred to in the description and claims.
Patent publication represents information
dissemination to be accessible for the public.
European patent - patent released by European
Patent Office, in accordance with the Convention on
European patent, adopted in Munich on October 5, 1973.
European patent validated in Romania - is an
European patent which has effects in Romania.
International Patent Classification (IPC), based
on Strasbourg Agreement in 1971, divides technical field
into eight sections with about 70000 subdivisions. IPC
symbols, comprising Arabian digits and Latin letters,
being applied on patent documents (issued patent
application and patents granted) by national or regional
industrial property offices, issuing these documents. IPC
are used in over 100 countries, issuing yearly over one
million patent documents.
Utility model protects any technical invention if it is
new, exceeds the level of simple professional skill and is
susceptible of industrial application.
Demand of utility model contains:
identification data of petitioner;
protection request by utility model, accompanied by
invention title;
invention description;
one or more claims;
designs referred to in the description or claims.
Certificate of utility model is a protection title
granted by SOIT according to legal stipulations.
Patent for plant type - is granted by SOIT if it is
new, distinct, unform and stable.
Type - group of plants belonging to a botanic taxon
of the lowest known range, which can be:
defined by expression of characters resulted from a
certain genotype or a certain combination of
genotypes;
distinct as against any other group of plants, by
expression of at least one of characters stipulated
above;
considered as an entity regarding its capacity to be
reproduced as such.
Drawing or model - outer aspect of a product or of
its part, given in two or three dimensions, resulted from
the combination between main characteristics,
especially lines, outlines, colors, forms, texture and /or
ornamentation of the product itself.
401
 Cererea de nregistrare a desenului sau
modelului cuprinde:
solicitarea de nregistrare a desenului sau modelului
i datele de identificare ale solicitantului;
numrul de desene sau modele pentru care se cere
protecia;
descrierea elementelor noi, caracteristice desenului
sau modelului;
reprezentrile grafice ale desenului sau modelului;
indicarea produselor n care este ncorporat desenul
sau modelul, cnd este cazul.
Certificat de nregistrare a desenelor / modelelor
publicate - titlul de protecie acordat de OSIM pentru
desenele / modelele nregistrate i publicate.
Marc - semnul susceptibil de reprezentare grafic
servind la deosebirea produselor sau serviciilor unei
persoane fizice sau juridice de cele aparinnd altor
persoane. Pot constitui mrci semne distinctive cum ar fi:
cuvinte, inclusiv nume de persoane, desene, litere, cifre,
elemente figurative, forme tridimensionale i n special
forma produsului sau ambalajului su, combinaii de
culori, precum i orice combinaie a acestor semne.
Cerere de nregistrare a unei mrci - conine
datele de identificare ale solicitantului, reproducerea
mrcii precum i indicarea produselor sau serviciilor
pentru care nregistrarea este cerut, redactat n limba
romn.
Indicaie geografic - denumirea servind la
identificarea unui produs originar dintr-o ar, regiune
sau localitate a unui stat n cazurile n care o calitate, o
reputaie sau alte caracteristici determinate pot fi n mod
esenial atribuite acestei origini geografice.
402
Registration application of drawing or model
contains:
application to register the drawing or model and
identification data of applicant;
number of drawings or models for which the
protection is asked;
description of new elements, characteristic for the
drawing or model;
graphs of drawing or model;
indication of product in which drawing or model is
incorporated, if case.
Registration certificate of drawing or model
published - protection title granted by SOIT for drawings
or models registered and published.
Trademark - sign susceptible of graphic
presentation used to distinguish products or services of
natural or legal persons from those belonging to other
persons. Trademarks can be also distinct signs, such as:
words, including personal names, drawings, letters,
digits, figurative elements, three dimensional forms,
especially product form or its package, color
combinations, as well as any combination of these signs.
Registration application of trademark - comprises
identification data of the applicant, trademark
reproduction as well as products or services indication
for which the application is done into Romanian.
Geographical indication - name identifying a
product from one country, region or locality of a state if
one quality, reputation or other characteristics can be
essentially granted to this geographical origin.
 Structura salariailor1) din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,
pe sectoare de performan
Structure of employees1) from research - development activity,
13.G1 by sectors of performance

%
100 0,6 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,7 0,5

80 23,9 27,8 31,1 34,6 29,8 28,0

60
30,3 33,9 30,6 33,3 35,9 36,5

40

20
45,2 37,9 37,9 31,6 33,6 35,0

0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Sectorul mediului de afaceri Sectorul nvmnt superior

Bussines sector Tertiary education sector

Sectorul guvernamental Sectorul privat non-profit

Government sector Private non-profit sector

1) Numr persoane n echivalent norm ntreag. / Number of persons in full-time equivalent.

Structura salariailor din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,

dup nivelul de pregtire, n anul 2012
Structure of employees from research - development activity,
13.G2 by training level, in 2012

21,9%

311351)

78,1%

Cu pregtire superioar Alt pregtire (exclusiv superioar)

Tertiary education Another education (excluding tertiary education)

Not: Alt pregtire (exclusiv superioar) cuprinde: studii postliceale i de maitri, studii liceale, profesionale i de ucenici
i alte situaii.
Note: Another education (excluding tertiary education) comprises: post high-school anf foremen education, high-school,
vocational and apprenticeship education and other situations.
1) Numr persoane n echivalent norm ntreag. / Number of persons in full-time equivalent.

403
 Structura cercettorilor din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare,
pe domenii tiinifice
13.G3 Structure of researchers from research-development activity, by scientific field

2007 2012

6,2% 4,5%

9,5% 9,2%

43,5% 6,3% 46,9%

10,2%

15,9%
12,9%

17,7% 17,2%

tiine inginereti i tehnologice tiine umaniste

Engineering and technological sciences Humanities

tiine naturale i exacte tiine medicale

Natural and exact sciences Medical sciences
tiine sociale tiine agricole
Social sciences Agricultural sciences

Structura cheltuielilor totale din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,

pe sectoare de performan
Structure of total expenditure from research - development activity,
13.G4 by sectors of performance

%
100 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,4 0,4 0,4

24,1 28,8 24,7 24,5 22,9 19,7

80

60
33,9 41,0 34,9 36,8 40,7 40,9

40

20

41,6 30,0 40,2 38,3 36,0 39,0

0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Sectorul mediului de afaceri Sectorul nvmnt superior

Bussines sector Tertiary education sector

Sectorul guvernamental Sectorul privat non-profit

Government sector Private non-profit sector

404
 Structura cheltuielilor totale din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,
pe surse de finanare
Structure of total expenditure from research - development activity,
13.G5 by financing source

2007 2012

0,1% 4,5% 4,0%

1,4%
7,0% 14,5%
26,9% 30,9%
0,1%

0,6%

11,9%

60,1% 38,0%

ntreprinderi Uniti din nvmntul superior

Enterprises Tertiary education units
Fonduri publice Instituii fr scop lucrativ
Public funds Non-lucrative purpose institutions
Fonduri publice generale universitare Fonduri din strintate
University general public funds Humanities
Alte surse
Other

Structura cheltuielilor curente din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,

pe tipuri de cercetare
Current expenditure from research - development activity,
13.G6 by type of research

2007 2012

8,8% 16,9%

45,3% 39,7%

45,9% 43,4%

Cercetare fundamental Dezvoltare experimental

Basic research Experimental development
Cercetare aplicativ
Applicative research

405
 Principalii indicatori din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,
pe sectoare de performan i forme de proprietate

13.1 Main indicators from research - development activity,

by sector of performance and type of ownership

Total din care, pe forme de proprietate: / of which, by type of ownership:

Majoritar de stat State majority Majoritar privat / Private majority

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Salariai (numr) - la sfritul anului Employees (number) - end of year

Total 42484 43502 42420 39065 42363 42674 32694 33316 32283 30272 31371 31191 9790 10186 10137 8793 10992 11483 Total
din care: femei 19544 19988 19373 17639 19596 19774 15320 15719 15325 14000 14896 14908 4224 4269 4048 3639 4700 4866 of which: women

Sectorul mediului de afaceri 13468 12144 11147 8691 11575 11883 6798 5040 4057 3138 3204 3130 6670 7104 7090 5553 8371 8753 Business sector
din care: femei 5591 4926 4322 3285 4681 4752 2997 2126 1682 1273 1373 1381 2594 2800 2640 2012 3308 3371 of which: women

Sectorul guvernamental 9185 10795 9018 8987 11106 11867 8842 10683 8985 8833 11106 11789 343 112 33 154 - 78 Government sector
din care: femei 4799 5757 4647 4593 5301 5792 4605 5671 4626 4529 5301 5750 194 86 21 64 - 42 of which: women

Sectorul nvmnt superior 19649 20363 22126 21179 19461 18700 17054 17593 19241 18301 17061 16272 2595 2770 2885 2878 2400 2428 Tertiary education sector
din care: femei 9072 9211 10343 9653 9511 9103 7718 7922 9017 8198 8222 7777 1354 1289 1326 1455 1289 1326 of which: women

Sectorul privat non-profit 182 200 129 208 221 224 - - - - - - 182 200 129 208 221 224 Private non-profit sector
din care: femei 82 94 61 108 103 127 - - - - - - 82 94 61 108 103 127 of which: women

Salariai (numr persoane n echivalent norm ntreag) Employees (number of persons in full-time equivalent)

Total 28977 30390 28398 26171 29749 31135 20930 22683 20671 19433 20835 21986 8047 7707 7727 6738 8914 9149 Total
din care: femei 13265 14274 13125 11916 13848 14419 9961 11157 10179 9269 10233 10667 3304 3117 2946 2647 3615 3752 of which: women

Sectorul mediului de afaceri 13107 11525 10758 8271 10002 10887 6662 4851 3999 3045 2254 2963 6445 6674 6759 5226 7748 7924 Business sector
din care: femei 5330 4689 4171 3110 3998 4400 2821 2063 1656 1230 966 1308 2509 2626 2515 1880 3032 3092 of which: women

Sectorul guvernamental 8786 10312 8708 8704 10675 11381 8476 10244 8683 8554 10675 11303 310 68 25 150 - 78 Government sector
din care: femei 4585 5510 4520 4448 5097 5549 4404 5462 4503 4385 5097 5507 181 48 17 63 - 42 of which: women

Sectorul nvmnt superior 6931 8433 8824 9054 8879 8710 5792 7588 7989 7834 7906 7720 1139 845 835 1220 973 990 Tertiary education sector
din care: femei 3278 4023 4388 4280 4664 4382 2736 3632 4020 3654 4170 3852 542 391 368 626 494 530 of which: women

Sectorul privat non-profit 153 120 108 142 193 157 - - - - - - 153 120 108 142 193 157 Private non-profit sector
din care: femei 72 52 46 78 89 88 - - - - - - 72 52 46 78 89 88 of which: women

Cheltuieli (mii lei preuri curente) Expenditure (lei thou current prices)

Cheltuieli totale 2177335 2980674 2356907 2413467 2786830 2872728 1626076 2371335 1648845 1759815 1905703 1866975 551259 609339 708062 653652 881127 1005753 Total expenditure

Sectorul mediului de afaceri 906506 892998 947047 924780 1004536 1119435 412634 316084 267240 351019 180787 170605 493872 576914 679807 573761 823749 948830 Business sector

Sectorul guvernamental 739165 1220835 822725 887391 1134566 1175263 699769 1216541 821000 871174 1134566 1173647 39396 4294 1725 16217 - 1616 Government sector

Sectorul nvmnt superior 524742 859964 583055 591324 637208 566640 513673 838710 560605 537622 590350 522723 11069 21254 22450 53702 46858 43917 Tertiary education sector

Sectorul privat non-profit 6922 6877 4080 9972 10520 11390 - - - - - - 6922 6877 4080 9972 10520 11390 Private non-profit sector

Cheltuieli curente 1742744 2513439 2077224 2045132 2251480 2355492 1292741 1986446 1447699 1451112 1521581 1530244 450003 526993 629525 594020 729899 825248 Current expenditure

Sectorul mediului de afaceri 737979 767604 830476 757366 824913 926145 330117 268610 226531 236532 149378 155118 407862 498994 603945 520834 675535 771027 Business sector

Sectorul guvernamental 614560 1055808 745425 787571 924465 1000607 587938 1052223 743773 772625 924465 998991 26622 3585 1652 14946 - 1616 Government sector

Sectorul nvmnt superior 383305 684048 497338 490740 493722 418105 374686 665613 477395 441955 447738 376135 8619 18435 19943 48785 45984 41970 Tertiary education sector

Sectorul privat non-profit 6900 5979 3985 9455 8380 10635 - - - - - - 6900 5979 3985 9455 8380 10635 Private non-profit sector

Cheltuieli de capital Capital expenditure

(investiii) 434591 467235 279683 368335 535350 517236 333335 384889 201146 308703 384122 336731 101256 82346 78537 59632 151228 180505 (investments)

Sectorul mediului de afaceri 168527 125394 116571 167414 179623 193290 82517 47474 40709 114487 31409 15487 86010 77920 75862 52927 148214 177803 Business sector

Sectorul guvernamental 124605 165027 77300 99820 210101 174656 111831 164318 77227 98549 210101 174656 12774 709 73 1271 - - Government sector

Sectorul nvmnt superior 141437 175916 85717 100584 143486 148535 138987 173097 83210 95667 142612 146588 2450 2819 2507 4917 874 1947 Tertiary education sector

Sectorul privat non-profit 22 898 95 517 2140 755 - - - - - - 22 898 95 517 2140 755 Private non-profit sector

406 407
 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,
dup ocupaie i nivel de pregtire

13.2 Employees from research - development activity,

by occupation and training level
numr persoane (la sfritul anului) / number of persons (end of year)
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Salariai - din care: Salariai - din care: Salariai - din care: Salariai - din care: Salariai - din care: Salariai - din care:
total femei total femei total femei total femei total femei total femei
Employees - of which: Employees - of which: Employees - of which: Employees - of which: Employees - of which: Employees - of which:
total women total women total women total women total women total women

Total 42484 19544 43502 19988 42420 19373 39065 17639 42363 19596 42674 19774 Total

Salariai dup ocupaie Employees by occupation

Cercettori 30740 13745 30864 13817 30645 13707 30707 13519 25489 11738 27838 12565 Researchers
din care: of which:
Cercettori atestai 9936 4334 10463 4748 8375 3909 8436 3917 - - - - Certified researchers
Tehnicieni i asimilai 4862 2662 5041 2678 4270 2401 3414 1850 6380 2861 5800 2660 Technicians and assimilated
Alte categorii de salariai 6882 3137 7597 3493 7505 3265 4944 2270 10494 4997 9036 4549 Other categories of employees

Salariai dup nivelul de pregtire Employees by training level

Pregtire superioar 34190 15552 34642 15731 36240 16370 33271 14903 35223 16222 35315 16360 Tertiary education
din care: of which:
Deintori ai titlului de doctor 14228 6088 14851 6317 14916 6508 15468 6696 14641 6817 15414 6938 Doctorate holders
Alt pregtire Another education
(exclusiv superioar) 8294 3992 8860 4257 6180 3003 5794 2736 7140 3374 7359 3414 (excluding tertiary education)

Salariai din activitatea de Employees from

cercetare-dezvoltare la research-development activity
10000 persoane ocupate civile 48,7 47,9 49,7 49,4 50,4 48,9 46,7 44,6 50,6 49,3 49,8 48,8 per 10000 civil employed persons

Not: Alt pregtire (exclusiv superioar) cuprinde: studii postliceale i de maitri, studii liceale, profesionale i de ucenici i alte situaii.
Note: Another education (excluding tertiary education) comprises: post high-school anf foremen education, high-school, vocational and
apprenticeship education and other situations.

408 409
 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,
pe sectoare de performan i ocupaii
Employees from research - development activity,
13.3 by sector of performance and occupation
numr persoane n echivalent norm ntreag / number of persons in full-time equivalent
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Salariai - total 28977 30390 28398 26171 29749 31135 Employees - total

Cercettori 18808 19394 19271 19780 16080 18016 Researchers

Tehnicieni i asimilai 4361 4620 3991 3139 5132 5095 Technicians and assimilated
Alte categorii de salariai 5808 6376 5136 3252 8537 8024 Other categories of employees

Sectorul mediului de afaceri 13107 11525 10758 8271 10002 10887 Business sector

Cercettori 7754 6309 6127 5853 3518 4956 Researchers

Tehnicieni i asimilai 2202 2100 1491 1022 2396 2349 Technicians and assimilated
Alte categorii de salariai 3151 3116 3140 1396 4088 3582 Other categories of employees

Sectorul guvernamental 8786 10312 8708 8704 10675 11381 Government sector

Cercettori 5818 6169 5744 5590 5846 6372 Researchers

Tehnicieni i asimilai 1754 2026 1670 1659 1900 1981 Technicians and assimilated
Alte categorii de salariai 1214 2117 1294 1455 2929 3028 Other categories of employees

Sectorul nvmnt superior 6931 8433 8824 9054 8879 8710 Tertiary education sector

Cercettori 5104 6839 7310 8245 6563 6591 Researchers

Tehnicieni i asimilai 392 476 827 414 834 744 Technicians and assimilated
Alte categorii de salariai 1435 1118 687 395 1482 1375 Other categories of employees

Sectorul privat non-profit 153 120 108 142 193 157 Private non-profit sector

Cercettori 132 77 90 92 153 97 Researchers

Tehnicieni i asimilai 13 18 3 44 2 21 Technicians and assimilated
Alte categorii de salariai 8 25 15 6 38 39 Other categories of employees

Cercettorii din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, pe domenii tiinifice

13.4 Researchers from research - development activity, by scientific field
numr persoane (la sfritul anului) / number of persons (end of year)
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total 30740 30864 30645 30707 25489 27838 Total

Cercettori pe domenii tiinifice Researchers by scientific field

tiine naturale i exacte 5439 5769 5377 5163 5448 4789 Natural and exact sciences
tiine inginereti i Engineering and
tehnologice 13386 11646 11538 11718 10122 13063 technological sciences
tiine medicale 2911 3603 4289 3491 3010 2572 Medical sciences
tiine agricole 1907 2059 2043 2154 1293 1252 Agricultural sciences
tiine sociale 3948 4862 4305 5376 4112 4428 Social sciences
tiine umaniste 3149 2925 3093 2805 1504 1734 Humanities

Cercettori la 10000 persoane Researchers per 10000 civil

ocupate civile 35,2 35,3 36,4 36,7 30,5 32,5 employed persons

410
 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan
i nivel de pregtire
Employees from research - development activity, by sector of performance
13.5 and training level
numr persoane n echivalent norm ntreag / number of persons in full-time equivalent
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Salariai - total 28977 30390 28398 26171 29749 31135 Employees - total
Pregtire superioar 21369 22128 22468 20963 23208 24325 Tertiary education
Alt pregtire Another education
(exclusiv superioar) 7608 8262 5930 5208 6541 6810 (excluding tertiary education)

Sectorul mediului de afaceri 13107 11525 10758 8271 10002 10887 Business sector
Pregtire superioar 8680 7418 7759 6126 7765 8350 Tertiary education
Alt pregtire Another education
(exclusiv superioar) 4427 4107 2999 2145 2237 2537 (excluding tertiary education)

Sectorul guvernamental 8786 10312 8708 8704 10675 11381 Government sector
Pregtire superioar 6229 6899 6227 6060 7161 7810 Tertiary education
Alt pregtire Another education
(exclusiv superioar) 2557 3413 2481 2644 3514 3571 (excluding tertiary education)

Sectorul nvmnt superior 6931 8433 8824 9054 8879 8710 Tertiary education sector
Pregtire superioar 6324 7700 8386 8645 8092 8020 Tertiary education
Alt pregtire Another education
(exclusiv superioar) 607 733 438 409 787 690 (excluding tertiary education)

Sectorul privat non-profit 153 120 108 142 193 157 Private non-profit sector
Pregtire superioar 136 111 96 132 190 145 Tertiary education
Alt pregtire Another education
(exclusiv superioar) 17 9 12 10 3 12 (excluding tertiary education)

Not: Alt pregtire (exclusiv superioar) cuprinde: studii postliceale i de maitri, studii liceale, profesionale i de ucenici i alte situaii.
Note: Another education (excluding tertiary education) comprises: post high-school anf foremen education, high-school, vocational and
apprenticeship education and other situations.

411
 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan i
nivel de pregtire, conform Clasificrii Internaionale Standard a Educaiei (CISE)
Employees from research - development activity, by sector of performance and
13.6 training level, according to International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)
numr persoane (la sfritul anului) / number of persons (end of year)
2011 2012
Salariai - din care: Salariai - din care:
total femei total femei
Employees - of which: Employees - of which:
total women total women

Total 42363 19596 42674 19774 Total

Pregtire superioar 35223 16222 35315 16360 Tertiary education

din care: of which:
Deintori ai titlului de doctor 14641 6817 15414 6938 Doctorate holders
Studii postuniversitare Post - university education
(exclusiv deintori ai titlului de doctor) 4154 2160 5344 2701 (excluding doctorate holders)
Studii superioare de lung durat 15263 6715 13564 6236 Long - term tertiary education
Studii superioare de scurt durat 1165 530 993 485 Short - term tertiary education
Alt pregtire Another education
(exclusiv superioar) 7140 3374 7359 3414 (excluding tertiary education)

Sectorul mediului de afaceri 11575 4681 11883 4752 Business sector

Pregtire superioar 9042 3556 9166 3689 Tertiary education

din care: of which:
Deintori ai titlului de doctor 797 303 1137 402 Doctorate holders
Studii postuniversitare Post - university education
(exclusiv deintori ai titlului de doctor) 956 498 1671 787 (excluding doctorate holders)
Studii superioare de lung durat 6579 2473 5865 2321 Long - term tertiary education
Studii superioare de scurt durat 710 282 493 179 Short - term tertiary education
Alt pregtire Another education
(exclusiv superioar) 2533 1125 2717 1063 (excluding tertiary education)

Sectorul guvernamental 11106 5301 11867 5792 Government sector

Pregtire superioar 7497 3611 8170 4016 Tertiary education

din care: of which:
Deintori ai titlului de doctor 3073 1415 3668 1705 Doctorate holders
Studii postuniversitare Post - university education
(exclusiv deintori ai titlului de doctor) 727 366 771 391 (excluding doctorate holders)
Studii superioare de lung durat 3496 1723 3450 1747 Long - term tertiary education
Studii superioare de scurt durat 201 107 281 173 Short - term tertiary education
Alt pregtire Another education
(exclusiv superioar) 3609 1690 3697 1776 (excluding tertiary education)

Sectorul nvmnt superior 19461 9511 18700 9103 Tertiary education sector

Pregtire superioar 18466 8955 17772 8543 Tertiary education

din care: of which:
Deintori ai titlului de doctor 10659 5040 10552 4805 Doctorate holders
Studii postuniversitare Post - university education
(exclusiv deintori ai titlului de doctor) 2443 1286 2838 1497 (excluding doctorate holders)
Studii superioare de lung durat 5111 2488 4168 2113 Long - term tertiary education
Studii superioare de scurt durat 253 141 214 128 Short - term tertiary education
Alt pregtire Another education
(exclusiv superioar) 995 556 928 560 (excluding tertiary education)

Sectorul privat non-profit 221 103 224 127 Private non-profit sector

Pregtire superioar 218 100 207 112 Tertiary education

din care: of which:
Deintori ai titlului de doctor 112 59 57 26 Doctorate holders
Studii postuniversitare Post - university education
(exclusiv deintori ai titlului de doctor) 28 10 64 26 (excluding doctorate holders)
Studii superioare de lung durat 77 31 81 55 Long - term tertiary education
Studii superioare de scurt durat 1 5 5 Short - term tertiary education
Alt pregtire Another education
(exclusiv superioar) 3 3 17 15 (excluding tertiary education)

Not: Alt pregtire (exclusiv superioar) cuprinde: studii postliceale i de maitri, studii liceale, profesionale i de ucenici i alte situaii.
Note: Another education (excluding tertiary education) comprises: post high-school anf foremen education, high-school, vocational and
apprenticeship education and other situations.

412
 Cercettorii din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan
i grupe de vrst
Researchers from research - development activity, by sector of performance
13.7 and age group
numr persoane (la sfritul anului) / number of persons (end of year)
2011 2012
Cercettori - din care: Cercettori - din care:
total femei total femei
Researchers - of which: Researchers - of which:
total women total women

Total 25489 11738 27838 12565 Total

din care: of which:

Sectorul guvernamental 6117 2833 6664 3145 Government sector

pn la 25 ani 179 102 191 101 Under 25 years

25-34 ani 1556 769 1612 827 25-34 years
35-44 ani 1498 820 1623 889 35-44 years
45-54 ani 1215 630 1360 713 45-54 years
55-64 ani 1287 410 1397 479 55-64 years
65 ani i peste 382 102 481 136 65 years and over

Sectorul nvmnt superior 15086 7224 15569 7272 Tertiary education sector

pn la 25 ani 263 170 237 117 Under 25 years

25-34 ani 3302 1824 3310 1788 25-34 years
35-44 ani 5160 2659 5319 2831 35-44 years
45-54 ani 3251 1562 3363 1484 45-54 years
55-64 ani 2780 925 2860 921 55-64 years
65 ani i peste 330 84 480 131 65 years and over

Not: ncepnd cu anul de referin 2011, cercettorii pe sectoare de performan i grupe de vrst se urmresc numai pentru sectoarele:
guvernamental i nvmnt superior.
Note: Beginning with 2011 reference year, researchers by sector of performance and age group are pursued only for: governmental and
tertiary education sectors.

413
 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare din sectorul mediului de
afaceri, pe activiti economice i dup ocupaie

13.8 Employees from research - development activity in business sector,

by economic activity and occupation
numr persoane n echivalent norm ntreag / number of persons in full-time equivalent
din care: of which:
Salariai - Tehnicieni Alte categorii
CAEN Rev. 2 total Cercettori i asimilai de salariai CANE Rev. 2
Employees - Researchers Tehnicians Other categories
total and assimilated of employees
2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

Sectorul mediului de afaceri - total 10002 10887 3518 4956 2396 2349 4088 3582 Business sector - total

Pe activiti: By activity:
Agricultur, silvicultur i piscicultur 143 46 18 8 10 24 115 14 Agriculture, forestry and pisciculture
Industria extractiv - 3 - - - 3 - - Mining and quarrying
Industria prelucrtoare 2879 3227 1168 1488 798 822 913 917 Manufacturing
Industria alimentar 128 105 51 53 26 32 51 20 Manufacture of food products
Fabricarea produselor textile 19 23 6 11 4 2 9 10 Manufacture of textiles
Fabricarea articolelor de mbrcminte 10 40 2 9 2 18 6 13 Manufacture of wearing apparel
Tbcirea i finisarea pieilor; fabricarea Tanning and dressing of leather,
articolelor de voiaj i marochinrie, manufacture of travel and leather
harnaamentelor i nclmintei; goods, harness and footwear;
prepararea i vopsirea blnurilor 37 79 6 - 9 74 22 5 preparation and dyeing of furs
Fabricarea substanelor i a produselor Manufacture of chemicals and
chimice 595 94 199 43 346 26 50 25 chemical products
Fabricarea produselor farmaceutice de baz Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical
i a preparatelor farmaceutice 152 364 78 170 25 67 49 127 products and pharmaceutical preparations
Fabricarea produselor din cauciuc Manufacture of rubber and
i mase plastice 122 12 47 8 27 4 48 - plastic products
Fabricarea altor produse din Manufacture of other non-metallic
minerale nemetalice 27 18 3 5 8 8 16 5 mineral products
Industria metalurgic 41 72 2 13 11 17 28 42 Manufacture of basic metals
Industria construciilor metalice i Manufacture of fabricated metal
a produselor din metal, exclusiv maini, products, except machinery
utilaje i instalaii 186 230 58 97 20 36 108 97 and equipment
Fabricarea calculatoarelor i a Manufacture of computers, electronic
produselor electronice i optice 329 242 160 152 28 61 141 29 and optical products
Fabricarea echipamentelor electrice 222 347 115 174 27 53 80 120 Manufacture of electrical equipment
Fabricarea de maini, utilaje i Manufacture of machinery and
echipamente n.c.a. 200 255 79 101 54 78 67 76 equipment n.e.c.
Fabricarea autovehiculelor de transport Manufacture of motor vehicles,
rutier, a remorcilor i semiremorcilor 593 1002 306 591 137 239 150 172 trailers and semi-trailers
Fabricarea altor mijloace de transport 157 182 24 9 52 61 81 112 Manufacture of other transport equipment
Fabricarea de mobil 4 8 4 5 - 3 - - Manufacture of furniture
Alte activiti industriale n.c.a. 2 89 2 20 - 26 - 43 Other manufacturing activities n.e.c.
Repararea, ntreinerea i instalarea Repair, maintenance and installation of
mainilor i echipamentelor 55 65 26 27 22 17 7 21 machinery and equipment
Producia i furnizarea de energie electric i Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning
termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat 142 38 95 - 32 1 15 37 production and supply
Distribuia apei; salubritate, gestionarea Water supply; sewerage, waste management
deeurilor, activiti de decontaminare 38 25 6 15 29 9 3 1 and decontamination activities
Construcii 88 94 12 64 59 - 17 30 Construction
Servicii 6712 7454 2219 3381 1468 1490 3025 2583 Services
din care: Cercetare-dezvoltare 3150 3450 1318 1679 615 754 1217 1017 of which: Research-development

414 415
 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare din sectorul mediului de
afaceri, pe activiti economice i dup nivelul de pregtire

13.9 Employees from research - development activity in business sector,

by economic activity and training level
numr persoane n echivalent norm ntreag / number of persons in full-time equivalent
din care: of which:
Salariai - Pregtire din care: / of which: Alt pregtire
CAEN Rev. 2 total superioar (exclusiv superioar) CANE Rev. 2
Employees - Tertiary Studii doctorale Another education
total education Doctorate (excluding tertiary education)
2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

Sectorul mediului de afaceri - total 10002 10887 7765 8350 733 1012 2237 2537 Business sector - total

Pe activiti: By activity:
Agricultur, silvicultur i piscicultur 143 46 49 22 2 7 94 24 Agriculture, forestry and pisciculture
Industria extractiv - 3 - 3 - - - - Mining and quarrying
Industria prelucrtoare 2879 3227 2276 2490 138 222 603 737 Manufacturing
Industria alimentar 128 105 79 88 8 13 49 17 Manufacture of food products
Fabricarea produselor textile 19 23 8 16 3 5 11 7 Manufacture of textiles
Fabricarea articolelor de mbrcminte 10 40 3 22 - 7 7 18 Manufacture of wearing apparel
Tbcirea i finisarea pieilor; fabricarea Tanning and dressing of leather,
articolelorde voiaj i marochinrie, manufacture of travel and leather
harnaamentelor i nclmintei; goods, harness and footwear;
prepararea i vopsirea blnurilor 37 79 12 30 - - 25 49 preparation and dyeing of furs
Fabricarea substanelor i a produselor Manufacture of chemicals and
chimice 595 94 549 65 43 12 46 29 chemical products
Fabricarea produselor farmaceutice de Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical
baz i a preparatelor farmaceutice 152 364 109 284 28 54 43 80 products and pharmaceutical preparations
Fabricarea produselor din cauciuc Manufacture of rubber and
i mase plastice 122 12 52 12 4 9 70 - plastic products
Fabricarea altor produse din Manufacture of other non-metallic
minerale nemetalice 27 18 22 5 4 - 5 13 mineral products
Industria metalurgic 41 72 41 54 - 6 - 18 Manufacture of basic metals
Industria construciilor metalice i Manufacture of fabricated metal
a produselor din metal, exclusiv maini, products, except machinery
utilaje i instalaii 186 230 121 163 4 8 65 67 and equipment
Fabricarea calculatoarelor i a Manufacture of computers, electronic
produselor electronice i optice 329 242 260 187 9 24 69 55 and optical products
Fabricarea echipamentelor electrice 222 347 175 264 15 19 47 83 Manufacture of electrical equipment
Fabricarea de maini, utilaje i Manufacture of machinery and
echipamente n.c.a. 200 255 174 229 7 18 26 26 equipment n.e.c.
Fabricarea autovehiculelor de transport Manufacture of motor vehicles,
rutier, a remorcilor i semiremorcilor 593 1002 487 791 - 19 106 211 trailers and semi-trailers
Fabricarea altor mijloace de transport 157 182 130 151 3 7 27 31 Manufacture of other transport equipment
Fabricarea de mobil 4 8 4 8 - - - - Manufacture of furniture
Alte activiti industriale n.c.a. 2 89 2 71 2 20 - 18 Other manufacturing activities n.e.c.
Repararea, ntreinerea i instalarea Repair, maintenance and installation of
mainilor i echipamentelor 55 65 48 50 8 1 7 15 machinery and equipment
Producia i furnizarea de energie electric i Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning
termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat 142 38 114 37 - - 28 1 production and supply
Distribuia apei; salubritate, gestionarea Water supply; sewerage, waste management
deeurilor, activiti de decontaminare 38 25 37 24 4 9 1 1 and decontamination activities
Construcii 88 94 13 88 - - 75 6 Construction
Servicii 6712 7454 5276 5686 589 774 1436 1768 Services
din care: Cercetare-dezvoltare 3150 3450 2193 2356 418 492 957 1094 of which: Research-development

Not: Alt pregtire (exclusiv superioar) cuprinde: studii postliceale i de maitri, studii liceale, profesionale i de ucenici i alte situaii.
Note: Another education (excluding tertiary education) comprises: post high-school anf foremen education, high-school, vocational and
apprenticeship education and other situations.

416 417
 Cheltuielile curente din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,
pe sectoare de performan i tipuri de cercetare
Current expenditure from research - development activity,
13.10 by sector of performance and type of research
mii lei preuri curente / lei thou current prices
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total 1742744 2513439 2077224 2045132 2251480 2355492 Total

Cercetare fundamental 789518 1240289 874635 913033 943269 935201 Basic research
Cercetare aplicativ 800113 1072474 1047248 994602 944573 1021278 Applicative research
Dezvoltare experimental 153113 200676 155341 137497 363638 399013 Experimental development

Sectorul mediului de afaceri 737979 767604 830476 757366 824913 926145 Business sector
Cercetare fundamental 179117 202745 99713 123423 104786 52234 Basic research
Cercetare aplicativ 465149 445874 638670 546888 522875 612244 Applicative research
Dezvoltare experimental 93713 118985 92093 87055 197252 261667 Experimental development

Sectorul guvernamental 614560 1055808 745425 787571 924465 1000607 Government sector
Cercetare fundamental 380439 643337 446849 453391 521446 610223 Basic research
Cercetare aplicativ 212328 363172 256284 297500 285068 291760 Applicative research
Dezvoltare experimental 21793 49299 42292 36680 117951 98624 Experimental development

Sectorul nvmnt superior 383305 684048 497338 490740 493722 418105 Tertiary education sector
Cercetare fundamental 229363 393905 325045 334701 310887 267711 Basic research
Cercetare aplicativ 121840 262540 151337 146871 134606 111775 Applicative research
Dezvoltare experimental 32102 27603 20956 9168 48229 38619 Experimental development

Sectorul privat non-profit 6900 5979 3985 9455 8380 10635 Private non-profit sector
Cercetare fundamental 599 302 3028 1518 6150 5033 Basic research
Cercetare aplicativ 796 888 957 3343 2024 5499 Applicative research
Dezvoltare experimental 5505 4789 - 4594 206 103 Experimental development

Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,

pe sectoare de performan i categorii de cheltuieli
Total expenditure from research - development activity,
13.11 by sector of performance and expenditure category
mii lei preuri curente / lei thou current prices
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total 2177335 2980674 2356907 2413467 2786830 2872728 Total

Cheltuieli curente 1742744 2513439 2077224 2045132 2251480 2355492 Current expenditure
Cheltuieli de personal 929150 1226607 1200775 1166861 1213523 1306746 Staff
Cheltuieli materiale 369611 654894 401302 319149 337859 295320 Material
Alte cheltuieli curente Other current
pentru operaiuni de expenditure for
cercetare-dezvoltare 443983 631938 475147 559122 700098 753426 R&D operations

Cheltuieli de capital 434591 467235 279683 368335 535350 517236 Capital expenditure
Terenuri i construcii 37929 24613 48301 126851 132965 62410 Lands and construction
Echipamente i aparatur 352394 393727 208479 220402 352869 400928 Equipment and apparatus
Cheltuieli cu achiziie soft Expenditure for purchasing
pentru cercetare-dezvoltare - - - - 22914 29661 software for R&D
Alte cheltuieli curente Other current
pentru operaiuni de expenditure for
cercetare-dezvoltare 44268 48895 22903 21082 26602 24237 R&D operations

Sectorul mediului
de afaceri 906506 892998 947047 924780 1004536 1119435 Business sector

Cheltuieli curente 737979 767604 830476 757366 824913 926145 Current expenditure
Cheltuieli de personal 385960 404130 453880 410150 392510 471112 Staff
Cheltuieli materiale 134668 92541 91451 64278 106238 104272 Material
Alte cheltuieli curente Other current
pentru operaiuni de expenditure for
cercetare-dezvoltare 217351 270933 285145 282938 326165 350761 R&D operations

418
 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,
pe sectoare de performan i categorii de cheltuieli - continuare
Total expenditure from research - development activity,
13.11 by sector of performance and expenditure category - continued
mii lei preuri curente / lei thou current prices
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Cheltuieli de capital 168527 125394 116571 167414 179623 193290 Capital expenditure
Terenuri i construcii 26103 11672 29389 96952 40131 15759 Lands and construction
Echipamente i aparatur 125136 94116 77341 63688 116495 146645 Equipment and apparatus
Cheltuieli cu achiziie Expenditure for
soft pentru purchasing
cercetare-dezvoltare - - - - 12481 20466 software for R&D
Alte cheltuieli curente Other current
pentru operaiuni de expenditure for
cercetare-dezvoltare 17288 19606 9841 6774 10516 10420 R&D operations

Sectorul guvernamental 739165 1220835 822725 887391 1134566 1175263 Government sector

Cheltuieli curente 614560 1055808 745425 787571 924465 1000607 Current expenditure
Cheltuieli de personal 380426 552470 498980 482531 529651 584227 Staff
Cheltuieli materiale 84895 268382 106638 122411 136873 125200 Material
Alte cheltuieli curente Other current
pentru operaiuni de expenditure for
cercetare-dezvoltare 149239 234956 139807 182629 257941 291180 R&D operations

Cheltuieli de capital 124605 165027 77300 99820 210101 174656 Capital expenditure
Terenuri i construcii 9835 12232 17457 5756 57895 20277 Lands and construction
Echipamente i aparatur 94139 130917 52004 84112 134957 139100 Equipment and apparatus
Cheltuieli cu achiziie Expenditure for
soft pentru purchasing
cercetare-dezvoltare - - - - 3350 5463 software for R&D
Alte cheltuieli curente Other current
pentru operaiuni de expenditure for
cercetare-dezvoltare 20631 21878 7839 9952 13899 9816 R&D operations

Sectorul nvmnt Tertiary education

superior 524742 859964 583055 591324 637208 566640 sector

Cheltuieli curente 383305 684048 497338 490740 493722 418105 Current expenditure
Cheltuieli de personal 156440 266858 245789 269530 285615 246080 Staff
Cheltuieli materiale 149882 292418 202401 131482 94427 62331 Material
Alte cheltuieli curente Other current
pentru operaiuni de expenditure for
cercetare-dezvoltare 76983 124772 49148 89728 113680 109694 R&D operations

Cheltuieli de capital 141437 175916 85717 100584 143486 148535 Capital expenditure
Terenuri i construcii 1991 709 1455 24143 34939 26362 Lands and construction
Echipamente i aparatur 133097 168071 79039 72211 101292 114678 Equipment and apparatus
Cheltuieli cu achiziie Expenditure for
soft pentru purchasing
cercetare-dezvoltare - - - - 5074 3721 software for R&D
Alte cheltuieli curente Other current
pentru operaiuni de expenditure for
cercetare-dezvoltare 6349 7136 5223 4230 2181 3774 R&D operations

Sectorul privat non-profit 6922 6877 4080 9972 10520 11390 Private non-profit sector

Cheltuieli curente 6900 5979 3985 9455 8380 10635 Current expenditure
Cheltuieli de personal 6324 3149 2126 4650 5747 5327 Staff
Cheltuieli materiale 166 1553 812 978 321 3517 Material
Alte cheltuieli curente Other current
pentru operaiuni de expenditure for
cercetare-dezvoltare 410 1277 1047 3827 2312 1791 R&D operations

Cheltuieli de capital 22 898 95 517 2140 755 Capital expenditure

Terenuri i construcii - - - - - 12 Lands and construction
Echipamente i aparatur 22 623 95 391 125 505 Equipment and apparatus
Cheltuieli cu achiziie Expenditure for
soft pentru purchasing
cercetare-dezvoltare - - - - 2009 11 software for R&D
Alte cheltuieli curente Other current
pentru operaiuni de expenditure for
cercetare-dezvoltare - 275 - 126 6 227 R&D operations

419
 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,
pe sectoare de performan i surse de finanare
Total expenditure from research - development activity,
13.12 by sector of performance and financing source
mii lei preuri curente / lei thou current prices
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total 2177335 2980674 2356907 2413467 2786830 2872728 Total

Fonduri din ar 2078457 2862370 2160352 2144951 2450574 2457820 Domestic funds
ntreprinderi 585046 693357 819086 778815 931757 888449 Enterprises
Fonduri publice 1309843 1556667 920358 922726 1179033 1092124 Public funds
Fonduri publice University general
generale universitare 152034 532878 374065 390149 190125 342684 public funds
Uniti din Tertiary education
nvmntul superior 30456 78709 45044 52337 14738 17277 units
Instituii fr scop Non-lucrative purpose
lucrativ 1078 759 1799 924 1839 2772 institutions
Alte surse 133082 114514 Other sources
Fonduri din strintate 98878 118304 196555 268516 336256 414908 External funds

Sectorul mediului
de afaceri 906506 892998 947047 924780 1004536 1119435 Business sector
Fonduri din ar 856873 843319 887119 859894 929973 963038 Domestic funds
ntreprinderi 462209 491197 684833 578418 741448 719623 Enterprises
Fonduri publice 385716 349624 195669 278016 182243 219091 Public funds
Uniti din Tertiary education
nvmntul superior 8187 2498 5808 3254 646 1799 units
Instituii fr scop Non-lucrative purpose
lucrativ 761 - 809 206 133 30 institutions
Alte surse 5503 22495 Other sources
Fonduri din strintate 49633 49679 59928 64886 74563 156397 External funds

Sectorul guvernamental 739165 1220835 822725 887391 1134566 1175263 Government sector
Fonduri din ar 718547 1196741 750791 790419 1019993 1066952 Domestic funds
ntreprinderi 88018 176425 111208 168624 152027 126225 Enterprises
Fonduri publice 625731 1018353 638066 620631 758822 853918 Public funds
Uniti din Tertiary education
nvmntul superior 4788 1677 1210 1164 2865 9298 units
Instituii fr scop Non-lucrative purpose
lucrativ 10 286 307 - 1111 41 institutions
Alte surse 105168 77470 Other sources
Fonduri din strintate 20618 24094 71934 96972 114573 108311 External funds

Sectorul nvmnt Tertiary education

superior 524742 859964 583055 591324 637208 566640 sector
Fonduri din ar 496130 816574 518548 486077 491168 417848 Domestic funds
ntreprinderi 29162 21363 22299 25686 36206 42250 Enterprises
Fonduri publice 297146 187373 83530 21731 235104 15373 Public funds
Fonduri publice University general
generale universitare 152034 532878 374065 390149 190125 342684 public funds
Uniti din Tertiary education
nvmntul superior 17481 74487 38026 47873 11227 6177 units
Instituii fr scop Non-lucrative purpose
lucrativ 307 473 628 638 588 831 institutions
Alte surse 17918 10533 Other sources
Fonduri din strintate 28612 43390 64507 105247 146040 148792 External funds

Not: n perioada 2007 - 2010, indicatorul Alte surse a fost inclus n coninutul altor indicatori de la Fonduri din ar.
Note: During 2007 - 2010, the indicator Other sources was included in other indicators of Domestic funds.

420
 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,
pe sectoare de performan i surse de finanare - continuare
Total expenditure from research - development activity,
13.12 by sector of performance and financing source - continued
mii lei preuri curente / lei thou current prices
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Sectorul privat non-profit 6922 6877 4080 9972 10520 11390 Private non-profit sector
Fonduri din ar 6907 5736 3894 8561 9440 9982 Domestic funds
ntreprinderi 5657 4372 746 6087 2076 351 Enterprises
Fonduri publice 1250 1317 3093 2348 2864 3742 Public funds
Uniti din nvmntul superior - 47 - 46 - 3 Tertiary education units
Instituii fr scop Non-lucrative purpose
lucrativ - - 55 80 7 1870 institutions
Alte surse 4493 4016 Other sources
Fonduri din strintate 15 1141 186 1411 1080 1408 External funds

Ponderea cheltuielilor totale de Weight of total research-

cercetare-dezvoltare, n produsul development expenditure,
intern brut (PIB) - % - 0,52 0,58 0,47 0,46 0,50 0,491) in GDP - % -
din care: of which:
Sectorul public 2) 0,30 0,40 0,28 0,28 0,32 0,30 Public sector 2)
Sectorul privat 3) 0,22 0,17 0,19 0,18 0,18 0,19 Private sector 3)

Ponderea cheltuielilor totale de Weight of total research-

cercetare-dezvoltare pe sectoare development expenditure
de performan, n produsul by sectors of performance,
intern brut (PIB) - % - 0,52 0,58 0,47 0,46 0,50 0,491) in GDP - % -
din care: of which:
Sectorul mediului
de afaceri - % n PIB 0,22 0,17 0,19 0,18 0,18 0,19 Business sector - % in GDP
Sectorul guvernamental - % n PIB 0,18 0,24 0,16 0,17 0,20 0,20 Government sector - % in GDP
Sectorul nvmnt Tertiary education
superior - % n PIB 0,12 0,17 0,12 0,11 0,11 0,10 sector - % in GDP

Not: n perioada 2007 - 2010, indicatorul Alte surse a fost inclus n coninutul altor indicatori de la Fonduri din ar.
Note: During 2007 - 2010, the indicator Other sources was included in other indicators of Domestic funds.
1) Date semidefinitive. / The data are semi-final.
2) Sectorul public cuprinde sectorul guvernamental i sectorul nvmnt superior.
Public sector includes government sector and tertiary education sector.
3) Sectorul privat cuprinde sectorul mediului de afaceri i sectorul non-profit.
Private sector includes business sector and private non-profit sector.

421
 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare din sectorul mediului
de afaceri, pe activiti economice i categorii de cheltuieli

13.13 Total expenditure from research - development activity in business sector,

by economic activity and expenditure category
mii lei preuri curente / lei thou current prices
Cheltuieli totale din care: / of which:
CAEN Rev. 2 Total Cheltuieli curente Cheltuieli de capital CANE Rev. 2
expenditure Current expenditure Capital expenditure
2010 2011 2012 2010 2011 2012 2010 2011 2012

Sectorul mediului de afaceri - total 924780 1004536 1119435 757366 824913 926145 167414 179623 193290 Business sector - total

Pe activiti: By activity:
Agricultur, silvicultur i piscicultur 135788 5335 9448 49159 2912 9081 86629 2423 367 Agriculture, forestry and pisciculture
Industria extractiv 1259 - 200 584 - 200 675 - - Mining and quarrying
Industria prelucrtoare 374568 521602 468968 342840 398924 341120 31728 122678 127848 Manufacturing
Industria alimentar 2311 6516 16857 2292 3998 4525 19 2518 12332 Manufacture of food products
Fabricarea produselor textile 858 178 1023 858 178 1023 - - - Manufacture of textiles
Fabricarea articolelor de mbrcminte 196 334 1017 196 334 1004 - - 13 Manufacture of wearing apparel
Tbcirea i finisarea pieilor; fabricarea Tanning and dressing of leather,
articolelorde voiaj i marochinrie, manufacture of travel and leather
harnaamentelor i nclmintei; goods, harness and footwear;
prepararea i vopsirea blnurilor 2372 901 6801 2340 895 6801 32 6 - preparation and dyeing of furs
Fabricarea hrtiei i a produselor din hrtie 149 - - 149 - - - - - Manufacture of paper and paper products
Fabricarea produselor de cocserie i Manufacture of coke and refined
a produselor obinute din prelucrarea ieiului 1265 - - 1163 - - 102 - - petroleum products
Fabricarea substanelor i a produselor Manufacture of chemicals and
chimice 60901 95012 5455 55195 69481 5359 5706 25531 96 chemical products
Fabricarea produselor farmaceutice de baz Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical
i a preparatelor farmaceutice 12392 38585 41966 9275 33992 32053 3117 4593 9913 products and pharmaceutical preparations
Fabricarea produselor din cauciuc Manufacture of rubber and
i mase plastice 2838 18853 4989 2736 16017 1086 102 2836 3903 plastic products
Fabricarea altor produse din Manufacture of other non-metallic
minerale nemetalice 2326 261 2822 2230 261 1091 96 - 1731 mineral products
Industria metalurgic 8742 17739 6260 8190 6403 6237 552 11336 23 Manufacture of basic metals
Industria construciilor metalice i Manufacture of fabricated metal
a produselor din metal, exclusiv maini, products, except machinery
utilaje i instalaii 7924 7065 7087 7854 5958 6395 70 1107 692 and equipment
Fabricarea calculatoarelor i a Manufacture of computers, electronic
produselor electronice i optice 21248 21356 95013 18171 16994 22817 3077 4362 72196 and optical products
Fabricarea echipamentelor electrice 26208 71433 29226 26067 11004 27558 141 60429 1668 Manufacture of electrical equipment
Fabricarea de maini, utilaje i Manufacture of machinery and
echipamente n.c.a. 26761 10585 32187 26641 10319 14341 120 266 17846 equipment n.e.c.
Fabricarea autovehiculelor de transport Manufacture of motor vehicles,
rutier, a remorcilor i semiremorcilor 147015 219907 194321 135189 210691 190505 11826 9216 3816 trailers and semi-trailers
Fabricarea altor mijloace de transport 29602 10761 12148 27864 10575 11992 1738 186 156 Manufacture of other transport equipment
Fabricarea de mobil 317 156 174 317 143 170 - 13 4 Manufacture of furniture
Alte activiti industriale n.c.a. 16270 60 3651 11240 - 3651 5030 60 - Other manufacturing activities n.e.c.
Repararea, ntreinerea i instalarea Repair, maintenance and installation of
mainilor i echipamentelor 4873 1900 7971 4873 1681 4512 - 219 3459 machinery and equipment
Producia i furnizarea de energie electric i Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning
termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat 104881 293 3875 89751 293 2689 15130 - 1186 production and supply
Distribuia apei; salubritate, gestionarea Water supply; sewerage, waste management
deeurilor, activiti de decontaminare 547 675 1381 547 285 1355 - 390 26 and decontamination activities
Construcii 12312 10201 748 10748 10055 748 1564 146 - Construction
Servicii 295425 466430 634815 263737 412444 570952 31688 53986 63863 Services
din care: Cercetare-dezvoltare 138426 211292 299847 123920 195666 276203 14506 15626 23644 of which: Research-development

422 423
 Numrul proiectelor i cheltuielile totale de cercetare - dezvoltare, conform NABS1),
pe tipuri de surse de finanare, pentru activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, n anul 2012
Number of projects and total research - development expenditure, according to NABS1),
13.14 by type of financing sources, for the research - development activity, in 2012

Cheltuieli totale de
Proiecte de cercetare-dezvoltare2)
cercetare-dezvoltare - total (mii lei
(numr) preuri curente)
Projects of Total expenditure for
research-development research-development2)
(number) - total (lei thou
current prices)

TOTAL 8394 1741903 Total

din care, pe programe NABS1): of which, by NABS1) programmes:

Explorarea i exploatarea pmntului 78 16152 Exploration and exploitation of the earth

Mediu ncojurtor 358 62718 Environment
Exploatarea i explorarea spaiului 59 19420 Exploration and exploitation of space
Transport, telecomunicaii i Transport, telecommunication
alte infrastructuri 38 5361 and other infrastructures
Energie 57 18598 Energy
Producia i tehnologia industrial 549 115860 Industrial production and technology
Sntate 437 91119 Health
Agricultur 868 131032 Agriculture
Educaie 582 131086 Education
Cultur, activiti recreative, religie Culture, recreation, religion
i mass-media 151 15620 and mass media
Sisteme politice i sociale, structuri Political and social systems,
i procese 95 25487 structures and processes
Promovarea general a cunoaterii: General advancement of knowledge:
cercetare-dezvoltare finanat din fondurile R&D financed from general
generale universitare (FGU), pentru: 2073 342684 university funds (GUF) for:
tiine naturale i exacte 589 209028 R&D related to Natural Sciences
tiine inginereti i tehnologice 1311 100077 R&D related to Engineering Sciences
tiine medicale i de sntate 21 6566 R&D related to Medical Sciences
tiine agricole 30 3580 R&D related to Agricultural Sciences
tiine sociale i economice 78 18687 R&D related to Social Sciences
tiine umaniste 44 4746 R&D related to Humanities
Promovarea general a cunoaterii: General advancement of knowledge:
cercetare-dezvoltare finanat din alte surse R&D financed from other sources
dect fondurile generale universitare, pentru: 2898 740118 than GUF for:
tiine naturale i exacte 761 344894 R&D related to Natural Sciences
tiine inginereti i tehnologice 1494 249269 R&D related to Engineering Sciences
tiine medicale i de sntate 76 10497 R&D related to Medical Sciences
tiine agricole 21 17388 R&D related to Agricultural Sciences
tiine sociale i economice 293 59543 R&D related to Social Sciences
tiine umaniste 253 58527 R&D related to Humanities

1) Nomenclatorul pentru analiza i comparaia bugetelor i programelor tiinifice.

Nomenclature for analysis and comparison of budgets and scientific programmes.
2) Numai pentru sectorul guvernamental i sectorul nvmnt superior.
Governmental and tertiary education sectors, only.

424
 ntreprinderi cu inovare tehnologic1), dup tipul inovrii, n perioada 2008 - 2010
13.15 Enterprises with technological innovation1), by type of innovation, during 2008 - 2010
numr / number
Inovare Inovare Inovare de Inovri
Total numai de numai produs nefinalizate
produs de proces i proces sau abandonate
Product Process Product and On-going and/or
innovation innovation process abandoned
only only innovation innovations

Total 3763 635 955 2041 132 Total

Mici 2386 394 638 1253 101 Small
Mijlocii 936 170 216 526 24 Medium
Mari 441 71 101 262 7 Large

Industrie 2381 424 578 1303 76 Industry

Mici 1377 262 360 702 53 Small
Mijlocii 639 102 139 381 17 Medium
Mari 365 60 79 220 6 Large

Industrie extractiv 29 18 4 7 - Mining and quarrying

Industrie prelucrtoare 2248 398 535 1244 71 Manufacturing

Mici 1334 248 351 687 48 Small
Mijlocii 594 98 121 358 17 Medium
Mari 320 52 63 199 6 Large

Producia i furnizarea Electricity, gas, steam

de energie electric i and air conditioning
termicgaze, ap cald production and
i aer condiionat 30 - 14 16 - supply

Distribuia apei, Water supply; sewerage

salubritate, gestionarea waste management
deeurilor, activiti and decontamination
de decontaminare 74 8 25 36 5 activities

Servicii 1382 211 377 738 56 Services

Mici 1009 132 278 551 48 Small
Mijlocii 297 68 77 145 7 Medium
Mari 76 11 22 42 1 Large

1) ntreprinderile cu peste 9 salariai din domeniile: industrie (diviziunile CAEN Rev.2: 05-09, 10-33, 35, 36-39) i servicii (diviziunile CAEN
Rev. 2: 46, 49-53, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64-66, 71). / Enterprises with over 9 employees in fields: industry (CANE Rev.2 divisions: 05-09, 10-33,
35, 36-39) and services (CANE Rev. 2 divisions: 46, 49-53, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64-66, 71).

425
 13.16 Tipologia inovatorilor, n perioada 2008 - 2010
Innovators tipology, during 2008 - 2010

Numr Pondere fa Numr ntreprinderi Numr ntreprinderi Numr ntreprinderi Numr

Numr total ntreprinderi de total numai cu inovare numai cu inovare cu inovare tehnologic ntreprinderi
de ntreprinderi1) inovatoare ntreprinderi tehnologic non-tehnologic i non-tehnologic non-inovatoare
Total number Number of Weight Enterprises with Enterprises with Enterprises with technological Number of
of enterprises1) innovative in total only technological only non-technological and non-technological non-innovative
enterprises enterprises innovation innovation innovation enterprises
(%)

Total 26330 8116 30,8 1137 4353 2626 18214 Total

Mici 20379 5613 27,5 805 3227 1581 14766 Small
Mijlocii 4836 1874 38,8 241 938 695 2962 Medium
Mari 1115 629 56,4 91 188 350 486 Large

Industrie 14742 4439 30,1 747 2058 1634 10303 Industry

Mici 10637 2769 26,0 516 1392 861 7868 Small
Mijlocii 3246 1182 36,4 153 543 486 2064 Medium
Mari 859 488 56,8 78 123 287 371 Large

Industrie extractiv 283 61 21,6 17 32 12 222 Mining and quarrying

Industrie prelucrtoare 13620 4143 30,4 704 1895 1544 9477 Manufacturing
Mici 9913 2632 26,6 489 1298 845 7281 Small
Mijlocii 2983 1092 36,6 144 498 450 1891 Medium
Mari 724 419 57,9 71 99 249 305 Large

Producia i furnizarea de Electrical and thermal

energie electric i termic energy, gas steam
gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat 193 71 36,8 5 41 25 122 and air conditioning supply

Distribuia apei, salubritate, Water supply; sewerage

gestionarea deeurilor, waste management and
activiti de decontaminare 646 164 25,4 21 90 53 482 remediation activities

Servicii 11588 3677 31,7 390 2295 992 7911 Services

Mici 9742 2844 29,2 289 1835 720 6898 Small
Mijlocii 1590 692 43,5 88 395 209 898 Medium
Mari 256 141 55,1 13 65 63 115 Large

1) ntreprinderile cu peste 9 salariai din domeniile: industrie (seciunile CAEN Rev.2: B, C, D, E) i servicii (seciunile CAEN Rev.2: H i K
i diviziunile 46, 58, 61, 62, 63 i 71). / Enterprises with over 9 employees in fields: industry (CANE Rev.2 sections: B, C, D,E) and
services (CANE Rev. 2 sections: H and K and divisions 46, 58, 61, 62, 63 and 71).

426 427
 Cifra de afaceri a ntreprinderilor inovatoare, pe activiti i clase de mrime,

13.17 n anul 2010

Turnover of innovative enterprises, by activity and size class, in 2010

Cifra de afaceri Cifra de afaceri

pentru pentru
toate ntreprinderile
ntreprinderile inovatoare
(mii lei (mii lei n % fa
preuri curente) preuri curente) de total
Turnover of all Turnover of % of total
enterprises innovative
(thou lei enterprises
current prices) (thou lei
current prices)

Total 580659532 339489595 58,5 Total

Mici 108080006 35314050 32,7 Small
Mijlocii 148342548 65432493 44,1 Medium
Mari 324236978 238743052 73,6 Large

Industrie 304241045 193010915 63,4 Industry

Mici 33607524 11132830 33,1 Small
Mijlocii 63098827 30622818 48,5 Medium
Mari 207534694 151255267 72,9 Large

Industrie extractiv 24407495 18335839 75,1 Mining and quarrying

Industrie prelucrtoare 220195545 139952052 63,6 Manufacturing

Mici 25738870 8549005 33,2 Small
Mijlocii 51822513 24830110 47,9 Medium
Mari 142634162 106572937 74,7 Large

Producia i furnizarea de Electricity, gas, steam

energie electric i termic and air conditioning
gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat 46552319 30138209 64,7 production and supply

Distribuia apei, salubritate, Water supply; sewerage

gestionarea deeurilor, waste management and
activiti de decontaminare 13085686 4584815 35,0 decontamination activities

Servicii 276418487 146478680 53,0 Services

Mici 74472482 24181220 32,5 Small
Mijlocii 85243721 34809675 40,8 Medium
Mari 116702284 87487785 75,0 Large

428
 Numrul de salariai ai ntreprinderilor inovatoare, pe activiti i clase de

13.18 mrime, n anul 2010

Employees number of innovative enterprises, by activity and size class, in 2010

Numr de salariai Numr de salariai

pentru toate pentru ntreprinderile n % fa
ntreprinderile inovatoare de total
Number of employees Number of employees % of total
in all enterprises in innovative enterprises

Total 1949253 978724 50,2 Total

Mici 440788 125532 28,5 Small
Mijlocii 497070 201053 40,5 Medium
Mari 1011395 652139 64,5 Large
Industrie 1259820 599273 47,6 Industry
Mici 240155 64486 26,9 Small
Mijlocii 343922 133923 38,9 Medium
Mari 675743 400864 59,3 Large
Industrie extractiv 65690 37450 57,0 Mining and quarrying
Industrie prelucrtoare 1036336 488297 47,1 Manufacturing
Mici 223639 60869 27,2 Small
Mijlocii 313756 122903 39,2 Medium
Mari 498941 304525 61,0 Large
Producia i furnizarea de Electricity, gas, steam
energie electric i termic and air conditioning
gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat 81906 42124 51,4 production and supply
Distribuia apei, salubritate, Water supply; sewerage
gestionarea deeurilor, waste management and
activiti de decontaminare 75888 31402 41,4 decontamination activities
Servicii 689433 379451 55,0 Services
Mici 200633 61046 30,4 Small
Mijlocii 153148 67130 43,8 Medium
Mari 335652 251275 74,9 Large

Ponderea cifrei de afaceri a ntreprinderilor cu inovare de produse

n cifra de afaceri total a ntreprinderilor inovatoare, n anul 2010

13.19 Weight of turnover of enterprises with product innovation

in total turnover of innovative enterprises, in 2010
procente / percentage
Produse noi sau Produse noi sau
semnificativ semnificativ
Produse neschimbate mbuntite, noi mbuntite, noi
sau parial modificate pentru ntreprindere pentru pia
Unchanged or partial New or significantly New or significantly
modified products improved products, improved products,
new for enterprise new for market

Total 16,7 9,8 4,5 Total

Mici 4,2 2,6 1,1 Small
Mijlocii 10,2 4,4 2,5 Medium
Mari 23,9 14,7 6,5 Large
Industrie 20,6 15,1 6,3 Industry
Mici 5,2 2,9 1,3 Small
Mijlocii 12,9 7,0 3,9 Medium
Mari 25,5 19,5 7,8 Large
Industrie extractiv 5,4 63,0 0,1 Mining and quarrying
Industrie prelucrtoare 23,9 10,8 8,4 Manufacturing
Mici 6,6 3,6 1,7 Small
Mijlocii 14,5 6,6 3,9 Medium
Mari 30,5 13,6 11,2 Large
Producia i furnizarea de Electricity, gas, steam
energie electric i termic and air conditioning
gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat 17,7 13,3 0,8 production and supply
Distribuia apei, salubritate, Water supply; sewerage
gestionarea deeurilor, waste management and
activiti de decontaminare 3,5 3,9 2,2 decontamination activities
Servicii 12,5 4,0 2,5 Services
Mici 3,8 2,5 1,1 Small
Mijlocii 8,2 2,5 1,4 Medium
Mari 21,1 6,1 4,2 Large

429
 Ponderea ntreprinderilor cu produse i/sau procese inovatoare care au indicat
obiective cu grad ridicat de importan, n total ntreprinderi inovatoare,
n perioada 2008 - 2010

13.20 Weight of enterprises with products and/or process innovation which indicated
high important objectives, in total innovative enterprises, during 2008 - 2010
procente / percentage
ntreprinderi cu inovare tehnologic: Enterprises with tehnological innovation:

nlocuirea Intrarea pe mbuntirea Creterea Reducerea Reducerea

Extinderea produselor noi piee sau mbuntirea flexibilitii capacitii de costurilor forei costurilor materiale Reducerea mbuntirea
gamei de sau creterea calitii pentru producere de munc pe i de energie impactului sntii i
bunuri proceselor ponderii bunurilor i producerea de de bunuri unitatea de pe unitatea asupra securitii
i servicii nvechite pieei serviciilor bunuri i servicii i servicii producie de producie mediului angajailor
Increased Replace Enter Improved Improved Increase Reduce labour Reduce Reduce Improve health
range outdated new quality flexibility for capacity for costs per material and environmental or safety
of goods products or markets of goods producing goods producing goods unit output energy cost impacts of your
or services processes or services or services or services per unit output employees

Total 26,9 19,0 21,7 31,2 17,7 19,0 12,9 14,1 13,8 17,4 Total
Mici 23,7 16,4 18,7 28,5 16,0 17,1 9,4 10,5 10,3 14,4 Small
Mijlocii 30,7 21,9 25,3 33,3 18,6 19,9 17,6 18,7 17,4 20,7 Medium
Mari 43,2 32,9 37,4 49,0 29,7 33,5 30,7 32,6 34,0 34,5 Large

Industrie 29,5 22,4 24,7 34,4 19,0 21,9 16,2 18,9 17,2 19,8 Industry
Mici 25,1 19,0 20,5 30,8 16,9 18,8 11,1 14,0 11,8 15,2 Small
Mijlocii 33,1 24,4 27,6 35,9 19,0 22,9 20,7 23,2 21,4 23,4 Medium
Mari 46,1 36,7 41,4 51,8 31,6 37,5 34,2 36,3 37,3 37,5 Large

Industrie extractiv 26,2 13,1 19,7 18,0 8,2 9,8 19,7 21,3 16,4 18,0 Mining and quarrying

Industrie prelucrtoare 30,1 22,5 25,2 35,0 19,5 22,6 16,3 19,1 16,8 20,1 Manufacturing
Mici 25,6 19,6 21,2 32,0 17,3 19,3 11,3 14,5 12,2 15,8 Small
Mijlocii 33,5 24,2 27,6 36,0 19,8 23,8 21,0 23,5 20,8 23,8 Medium
Mari 49,2 36,5 43,4 51,8 32,2 40,1 35,3 37,0 35,1 37,2 Large

Producia i furnizarea de Electricity, gas, steam

energie electric i termic and air conditioning
gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat 15,5 23,9 15,5 28,2 16,9 8,5 18,3 18,3 23,9 21,1 production and supply

Distribuia apei, salubritate, Water supply; sewerage

gestionarea deeurilor, waste management and
activiti de decontaminare 22,6 21,3 19,5 28,7 12,8 15,9 12,8 12,2 25,0 13,4 decontamination activities

Servicii 23,7 14,9 18,0 27,3 16,0 15,5 9,0 8,2 9,8 14,5 Services
Mici 22,4 13,9 16,8 26,3 15,2 15,5 7,7 7,0 8,9 13,7 Small
Mijlocii 26,7 17,8 21,5 28,9 17,9 14,7 12,3 11,0 10,7 15,9 Medium
Mari 33,3 19,9 23,4 39,0 23,4 19,9 18,4 19,9 22,7 24,1 Large

430 431
 Cheltuielile pentru inovare tehnologic, n anul 2010
13.21 Technological innovation expenditure, in 2010
procente / percentage
Ponderea cheltuielilor de inovare n total cheltuieli pentru:
Weight of innovation expenditures in total expenditures for:

Activitate de Activitate de Achiziii de Achiziii

cercetare- cercetare- maini, de alte
Clase de mrime dezvoltare dezvoltare echipament cunotine Size class
Activiti economice intern extern i software externe Economic activity
In-house External Acquisition of Acquisition
research and research and machinery, of other
development development equipment external
and software knowledge

Total 18,3 11,1 69,1 1,4 Total

Mici 22,2 6,2 67,8 3,8 Small
Mijlocii 26,2 5,9 63,9 4,0 Medium
Mari 16,2 12,9 70,4 0,5 Large

Industrie 15,5 12,7 70,5 1,3 Industry

Mici 13,0 9,2 72,8 5,0 Small
Mijlocii 10,1 4,7 80,1 5,1 Medium
Mari 16,4 14,1 69,0 0,5 Large

Industrie extractiv 0,1 5,8 94,0 0,1 Mining and quarrying

Industrie prelucrtoare 17,0 12,2 69,6 1,2 Manufacturing

Mici 13,1 9,2 72,6 5,1 Small
Mijlocii 11,9 3,8 82,3 2,0 Medium
Mari 18,2 13,8 67,4 0,6 Large

Producia i furnizarea de Electricity, gas, steam

energie electric i termic and air conditioning
gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat 24,3 30,9 40,8 3,9 production and supply

Distribuia apei, Water supply; sewerage

salubritate, gestionarea waste management
deeurilor, activiti de and decontamination
decontaminare 34,0 5,3 57,6 3,0 activities

Servicii 30,5 4,3 63,4 1,8 Services

Mici 32,0 3,0 62,6 2,5 Small
Mijlocii 47,6 7,4 42,6 2,5 Medium
Mari 14,2 2,3 82,8 0,7 Large

432
 ntreprinderile cu inovare tehnologic care au primit fonduri publice n total
ntreprinderi inovatoare, pe tipuri de fonduri publice, n perioada 2008 - 2010
Enterprises with technological innovation which benefitted of public funds
13.22 in total innovative enterprises, by type of public funds, during 2008 - 2010
procente / percentage
Au primit din care:
fonduri de la of which:
Au primit Guvern Au primit
Au primit fonduri (incluznd Au primit fonduri
orice de la fonduri fonduri de la
fel de autoriti de la agenii de la al 7-lea
fonduri locale i guvernamentale Uniunea Program
publice regionale sau ministere) European Cadru
Which Which Which Which Which
benefitted benefitted benefitted of benefitted benefitted
of public of funds governmental of European of funds
funds of from local funds (including Union from the 7 th
all types and funds from funds Framework
regional governmental Programme
authorities agencies
or ministries)

Total 4,3 1,0 2,8 1,9 0,7 Total

Mici 3,0 0,6 2,4 1,1 0,5 Small
Mijlocii 6,3 1,4 3,3 3,2 0,7 Medium
Mari 10,2 3,7 5,3 4,8 1,8 Large

Industrie 5,3 1,1 3,6 2,4 0,9 Industry

Mici 3,4 0,6 3,0 1,5 0,8 Small
Mijlocii 7,5 1,8 3,9 3,4 0,7 Medium
Mari 10,7 2,7 6,2 5,1 1,6 Large

Industrie extractiv - - - - - Mining and quarrying

Industrie prelucrtoare 5,1 0,9 3,7 2,3 0,9 Manufacturing

Mici 3,6 0,6 3,2 1,6 0,9 Small
Mijlocii 7,8 1,7 4,1 3,7 0,7 Medium
Mari 8,1 1,2 5,5 3,3 1,7 Large

Producia i furnizarea de Electricity, gas,

energie electric i termic steam and
gaze, ap cald i air conditioning
aer condiionat 7,0 5,6 2,8 2,8 - production and supply

Distribuia apei, Water supply; sewerage

salubritate, gestionarea waste management
deeurilor, activiti and decontamination
de decontaminare 9,2 4,3 3,7 5,5 0,6 activities

Servicii 3,1 0,9 1,9 1,2 0,4 Services

Mici 2,6 0,6 1,7 0,7 0,3 Small
Mijlocii 4,3 0,9 2,3 2,9 0,7 Medium
Mari 8,5 7,1 2,1 3,6 2,1 Large

433
 Ponderea ntreprinderilor cu inovare tehnologic care coopereaz, n total
ntreprinderi inovatoare, dup tipul partenerului de cooperare i locaia
geografic a partenerului, n perioada 2008 - 2010
Weight of enterprises with technological innovation based on cooperation
in total innovative enterprises, by cooperation partner type and geographical
13.23 location of partner, during 2008 - 2010
procente / percentage
dup tipul partenerului de cooperare: dup locaia geografic a partenerului:
by cooperation partner type: by the partner geographical location:

Furnizori de Concureni sau Consultani, Universiti

Alte echipamente, alte ntreprinderi laboratoare sau alte Institute de
ntreprinderi materiale, din acelai comerciale instituii de cercetare Toate
Total din interiorul componente Clieni sau sector de sau institute nvmnt guvernamentale celelalte
cooperare1) grupului sau software cumprtori activitate de C&D private superior sau publice Romnia Europa ri
Total Other Equipment, Clients or Competitors Consultants, Universities Governmental Romania Europe All the
cooperation1) enterprises materials, buyers or other commercial or other or public other
belonging components enterprises from laboratories tertiary research countries
to the group or software the same sector or private R&D education institutes
providers of activity institutes institutions

Total 11,2 1,2 6,7 5,1 3,1 2,9 2,9 1,7 9,6 0,1 0,1 Total
Small
Mici 9,1 0,3 5,7 3,6 2,4 2,0 2,4 1,1 8,0 0,1 0,1 Medium
Mijlocii 12,2 2,4 6,8 6,9 3,6 3,8 2,8 1,9 10,0 0,1 0,1 Large
Mari 26,2 5,6 14,8 12,7 8,1 9,1 8,4 6,0 22,3 - -

Industrie 11,7 1,8 6,6 5,9 3,6 3,4 3,8 1,8 10,3 - - Industry

Mici 8,1 0,4 4,8 3,6 2,5 1,7 3,1 0,8 7,6 - - Small
Mijlocii 13,8 3,2 7,3 8,3 4,1 4,8 3,0 1,9 11,3 0,2 - Medium
Mari 27,5 5,9 15,2 12,9 9,2 10,0 9,6 6,6 23,0 - 0,2 Large

Industrie extractiv 6,6 - 4,9 3,3 1,6 3,3 3,3 - 6,6 - - Mining and quarrying

Industrie prelucrtoare 11,6 1,5 6,3 5,7 3,4 3,2 3,9 1,7 10,0 - - Manufacturing
Mici 8,4 0,5 4,9 3,7 2,6 1,7 3,3 0,9 7,9 - - Small
Mijlocii 13,3 2,7 7,1 7,8 3,2 4,1 3,2 2,0 10,6 0,2 - Medium
Mari 27,0 5,0 13,1 13,4 8,4 10,0 9,3 5,7 21,7 - - Large

Producia i furnizarea de Electricity, gas, steam and

energie electric i termic, air conditioning
gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat 16,9 11,3 15,5 9,9 7,0 2,8 2,8 4,2 16,9 - - production and supply

Distribuia apei, salubritate, Water supply; sewerage

gestionarea deeurilor, waste management and
activiti de decontaminare 15,9 5,5 9,8 7,9 10,4 9,1 3,0 3,7 15,9 - - decontamination activities

Servicii 10,4 0,6 6,8 4,1 2,4 2,3 1,9 1,6 8,7 0,1 0,2 Services
Mici 10,1 0,3 6,7 3,6 2,2 2,3 1,7 1,4 8,4 0,1 0,2 Small
Mijlocii 9,5 1,0 5,9 4,6 2,7 2,0 2,3 1,7 7,8 - - Medium
Mari 22,0 4,3 13,5 12,1 4,3 5,7 4,3 4,3 19,9 - - Large

1)
ntreprinderea care a avut o cooperare este numrat o singur dat, indiferent de numrul partenerilor.
The enterprise with one cooperation is counted only once, irrespective of partners number.

434 435
 Cererile de brevet de invenie depuse
13.24 Submitted patent applications
numr / number
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Cereri de brevet de Submitted patent

invenie depuse - total 926 1031 1091 1418 1463 1077 applications - total

Pe categorii de solicitani:
By categories of applicants:

Solicitani romni: 867 995 1054 1382 1425 1022 Romanian applicants:
Persoane fizice 533 466 529 566 641 431 Natural persons
ntreprinderi 122 121 162 138 139 158 Enterprises
Institute de cercetare 121 230 222 332 357 208 Research institutes
Institute de nvmnt 91 178 141 346 288 225 Education institutions
Solicitani strini 59 36 37 36 38 55 Foreign applicants

Pe domenii tehnice:
By technical fields:

Necesiti ale vieii 164 185 223 308 322 264 Human necessities
Tehnici industriale, transporturi 165 160 190 227 216 164 Performing operations, transporting
Chimie, metalurgie 132 181 153 213 202 156 Chemistry, metallurgy
Textile, hrtie 18 13 10 22 13 12 Textiles, paper
Construcii 77 58 69 80 82 54 Construction
Inginerie mecanic, Mechanical engineering,
iluminat, nclzire 151 175 176 202 237 151 lighting, heating
Fizic 139 159 165 257 259 188 Physics
Electricitate 80 100 105 109 132 88 Electricity

Pe ri de reziden a solicitantului:
By applicants country of residence:

Argentina 2 - 1 - - - Argentina
Australia 1 - - - 1 - Australia
Austria - - 1 - - - Austria
Brazilia 1 - - - - - Brazil
Canada 1 2 - 2 4 9 Canada
China 2 - 4 1 - 2 China, Peoples Republic of
Cipru 1 - - - 1 - Cyprus
Croaia - - - - - - Croatia
Danemarca 1 1 - - - - Denmark
Elveia 2 1 - - - 1 Switzerland
Frana 4 - 3 - 4 9 France
Germania 8 2 - 2 5 3 Germany
Israel 1 - - - - - Israel
Italia 3 5 - 3 2 2 Italy
Japonia 1 - 2 - - - Japan
Mexic 1 - - - 1 - Mexico, U.S.
Olanda 1 1 3 2 - - Netherlands
Regatul Unit - - - - 1 - United Kingdom
Republica Ceh 3 2 - - 1 1 Czech Republic
Republica Coreea - - 2 - - 1 Republic of Korea
Republica Moldova - - 1 2 1 2 Republic of Moldova
Romnia 867 995 1054 1382 1425 1022 Romania
Spania 2 - 1 1 1 - Spain
SUA 12 12 12 12 8 16 United States of America
Suedia - - - - 2 - Sweden
Turcia 3 1 1 4 1 - Turkey
Ungaria 5 3 - - 1 1 Hungary
Altele 4 6 6 7 4 8 Others

436
 Brevete de invenie acordate i publicate
13.25 Granted and published patents
numr / number
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Brevete de invenie acordate Granted and published

i publicate - total 461 489 646 430 430 384 patents - total

Titulari romni 350 394 590 392 404 369 Romanian holders
Titulari strini 111 95 56 38 26 15 Foreign holders

Brevete de invenie europene Validated european

validate - total 1591 1943 1940 2036 2465 2508 patents - total

Alte obiecte de proprietate industrial

13.26 Other objects of industrial property
numr / number
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Cereri de modele de utilitate - total - 19 80 73 64 75 Demands of utility models

Solicitani romni - 15 74 61 57 61 Romanian applicants

Solicitani strini - 4 6 12 7 14 Foreign applicants

Certificate eliberate - - 6 25 49 38 Released certificates

Cereri de brevet pentru soiuri Patent applications for

de plante - total 36 26 11 54 15 - plant varieties - total

Solicitani romni 36 23 11 54 8 - Romanian applicants

Solicitani strini - 3 - - 7 - Foreign applicants

Cereri de nregistrare a Designs and models

desenelor / modelelor - total 684 522 565 500 356 356 registration applications - total

Solicitani romni 486 401 513 458 328 325 Romanian applicants
Solicitani strini 198 121 52 42 28 31 Foreign applicants

Desene / modele coninute Designs and models

n cereri de included in the designs
nregistare - total 2872 1731 1963 1437 1246 1138 registration applications - total

Solicitani romni 1725 1172 1665 1302 1111 1040 Romanian applicants
Solicitani strini 1147 559 298 135 135 98 Foreign applicants

Certificate de nregistrare a Designs and models

desenelor / modelelor publicate 896 881 416 493 409 358 registered and published

Cereri de nregistrare Trademarks registration

a mrcilor - total 17129 15541 13030 12033 11600 10788 applications - total

Solicitani romni 10988 10316 9049 8753 8389 7743 Romanian applicants
Solicitani strini 6141 5225 3981 3280 3211 3045 Foreign applicants

Cereri de nregistrare a Applications for geographical

indicaiilor geografice - total - - - - 2 2 indications registration - total

437