CE 766

03/16/17 Homework #8 Mahesh Mediboyina

Deck properties:
Girder sapacing S 12 ft
Number of girders N4
Deck top cover ct 2.5 in
Deck bottom cover ct 1.5 in

Concrete density c 150 pcf

Concrete compressive strength fc' 4 ksi

Reinforcement strength fy 60 ksi
future wearing surface wfws 20 psf

Minimum deck thicknesss:

((S + 10 ft ))
Min. deck thickness hmin max 7 in , ft = 8.8 in
30 ft
Consider 0.5 in. for sacrificial surface h 9.5 in
Depth of overhang portion of slab ho 10 in

Weight of components:
Barrier cross-section area Ab 307 in 2
kip
Barrier weight Pb c Ab = 0.32
ft
kip
Slab of 9.5 in. thick ws c h = 0.119
ft 2

kip
Overhang Slab of 10 in. thick ws c ho = 0.125
ft 2

Bending moment due to dead load effects:

Bending moment caused by unfactored dead loads of slab, parapet and FWS have been
calculated in SAP2000 and presented below with thier respective Maximum positive
and Negative bending moments.

1. Deck slab
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 CE 766
03/16/17 Homework #8 Mahesh Mediboyina

1. Deck slab

Max. positive moment Mpos_D 0.99 kip in

Max. nagative moment Mneg_D 1.55 kip in
Reaction at exterior girder RD 1.09 kips 9.19

2. Paraper dead load:

Max. positive moment Mpos_P 2.25 kip in

Max. nagative moment Mneg_P 11.83 kip in
Reaction at exterior girder RP 0.42 kips

3. Future Wearing Surface:

Max. positive moment Mpos_F 0.17 kip in

Max. nagative moment Mneg_F 0.26 kip in
Reaction at exterior girder RF 0.18 kips

Bending moment due to live load effects:

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 CE 766
03/16/17 Homework #8 Mahesh Mediboyina

Bending moment due to live load effects:

Approximate strip method has been used to calculate live load effects
1. Overhang portion negative moment:

X1 ft S 12 ft
45 + 10 X
W1 = 4.583 ft <= Equivalent width
12
m 1.2 <= multiple presence factor
X ft
MO m 16 = 4.189 kip
W1 ft
2. Maximum positive moment:
26 + 6.6 S
W = 8.767 ft <= Equivalent width
12
Using the Appendix A of text book to calculate the coeffecient of influence line for Live load

One lane loading:

16 kip
Reaction at exterior girder support Re1 m ((0.51 0.051)) = 1.005
W ft
16 ft
Positive bending moment Me1 m ((0.204 0.0204)) S = 4.825 kip
W ft
Multiple lane loading:
m1
16 kip
Reaction at exterior girder Re2 m ((0.51 0.051 + 0.214 0.0041)) = 1.221
support W ft
Positive bending moment
16 ft
Me2 m ((0.204 0.0204 + 0.0086 0.0017)) S = 4.172 kip
W ft
3. Maximum Interior Negative Moment:
one lane loaded => m 1.2
48 + 3 S
W = 7 ft
12
16 ft
Mi m ((0.1 0.0782)) S = 5.865 kip
W ft
4. Maximum Live load reaction on exterior girder:
16
Re m ((1.1588 + 0.2739)) = 6.002 kips
W1

Strength Limit State:

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 CE 766
03/16/17 Homework #8 Mahesh Mediboyina

Strength Limit State:

Combined effects due to dead load and live load for Strength I limit case

Reaction on exterior girder

R 1.0 1.25 RD + RP + 1.5 RF + 1.75 1.33 Re = 16.126 kips

Moment on exterior girder

MExt 1.0 1.25 ((0.77 0.99)) + 1.5 ((0.12)) + 1.75 1.33 MO = 12.13 kip.ft

Positive Moment between exterior girder and first interior girder

Mp 1.0 ((1.25 ((0.98 0.5)) + 1.5 ((.17)) + 1.75 1.33 ((4.825)))) = 12.085 kip.ft

Negative Moment on first interior girder

MInt 1.0 1.25 ((1.55 + 0.19)) + 1.5 ((0.26)) + 1.75 1.33 Mi = 15.742 kip.ft

no further reduction for the face of the support have been considered for these loads

Selection of Reinforcement:
Concrete cover on top ct 2.5 in
Concrete cover on bottom cb 1 in

assuming #5 bars db 0.625 in

Ab db 2 0.25 = 0.307 in 2
db
dpos ho 0.5 in cb = 8.188 in
2
db
dneg ho ct = 7.188 in
2
Max spacing of primary reinforcement smax 1.5 hmin = 13.2 in say, 13 in.

Positive Moment reiforcement:

Mu' Mp = 12.085 kip ft
h 2
o
Z 1 ft = 200 in 3 <= Section modulus
6

fr 0.37
fc' = 0.74 ksi <= Modulus of rupture
fr
Mu is lesser of 1.2 Z = 14.8 kip ft
12. in 3
1.33 Mu' = 16.073 kip ft

so Mu 14.8 kip-ft

Mu in in 2
As = 0.452 Page 4 of 14
4 dpos ft

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 CE 766
03/16/17 Homework #8 Mahesh Mediboyina

Mu in in 2
trial As = 0.452 b 12 in
4 dpos ft

As fy
a = 0.665 in
0.85 fc' b
check ductility
1 0.825 0.375 1 dpos = 2.533 in > a, so tension controlled, 0.9

check momentr strength

a
As fy 8.18
2 ft
Mn = 15.959 kip
12 ft
in 2
for transverse bottom bars, use #5 bars at 7.5 in. Asb 0.49
ft
Negative Moment reiforcement:
ft
Mu' MInt = 15.742 kip
ft
dneg = 7.188 in
fr
Mu is lesser of 1.2 Z = 14.8 kip ft
12. in 3
1.33 Mu' = 20.936 kip ft

so Mu 14.8 kip-ft
Mu in in 2
trial As = 0.515 b 12 in
4 dneg ft

As fy
a = 0.757 in
0.85 fc' b
check ductility
1 0.825 0.375 1 dneg = 2.224 in > a, so tension controlled, 0.9

check moment strength

a
As fy 7.188
2 ft
Mn = 15.774 kip
12 ft
in 2
for transverse bottom bars, use #5 bars at 7 in. Ast 0.525
ft

Distribution reinforcement:
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 CE 766
03/16/17 Homework #8 Mahesh Mediboyina

Distribution reinforcement:
0.5
Se S = 11.958 ft <= (0.5 = web thickness)
12
220
Percentage P min , 67% = 0.67

Se

in 2
As P 0.49 = 0.328
ft
in 2
so for longitudinal bars, use #4 at 6 in. As 0.393
ft
Shrinkage and Temerature reinforcement:
in 2
As_min 0.11
ft
in 2
As_max 0.60
ft
1.3 12 10 in 2
As = 0.059
2 ((12 + 10)) fy ft

in 2
so use , As As_min = 0.11
ft
As in 2
distribute this steel on both sides As = 0.055
2 ft
Max. spacing is three times thickness or 18 in. s 3 10 = 30 in
so take s 18 in

provide #4 bars @ 18in. As 0.13 in 2

Control of Cracking under service loads

Ec 1820
fc' = 3.64 10 3 ksi
29000
= 7.967 say 8
Ec

For positive reinforcement; service I

ft
M 0.98 0.4 + 0.17 + 1.33 Mp = 16.823 kip
ft
x: depth of compression zone

0.5bx^2=nA's(d'-x)+nAs(d-x) <=solve this equation to get x

a 0.5 b = 6
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 CE 766
03/16/17 Homework #8 Mahesh Mediboyina

a 0.5 b = 6
b ((0.49 + 0.525)) = 8.087
1
c 0.525 dneg + 0.49 dpos = 62.026
in

b +
b2 4 a c
x = 2.611 in
2a

Moment of inertia of transformed cracked section is

2 2
b x3 1 1 1 in 4
Icr + 0.525 ho dneg x + 0.49 dpos x = 169.551
3 in in in ft
stress in the bottom steel
1
M 12 dpos x
in
fs = 52.897 ksi
Icr
5
dc + 1 = 1.313
16
dc
max spacing for crack controlled s 1 + = 1.216
1
0.7 ho dc
in
e 1 <= class 1 exposure
700 e
smax 2 dc = 8.259
s fs
So provide #5 @ 8 in. c/c in positive moment region

For negative reinforcement; service I

ft
M 1.55 0.19 + 0.26 + 1.33 MInt = 19.316 kip
ft
x: depth of compression zone

0.5bx^2=(n-1)A's(d'-x)+nAs(d-x) <=solve this equation to get x

a 0.5 b = 4.043
b (( 1)) 0.49 + 0.525 = 7.597
1
c (( 1)) 0.49 dpos 0.525 dneg = 58.014
in

b +
b2 4 a c
x = 2.963 in
2a

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 b +
b2 4 a c
x = 2.963 CE 766
03/16/17 2a Homework #8 Mahesh Mediboyina

Moment of inertia of transformed cracked section is

2 2
b x3 1 1 1
Icr + (( 1)) 0.49 ho dpos x + 0.525 dneg x = 145.045
3 in in in
stress in the top steel
1
M 12 dneg x
in
fs = 53.783 ksi
Icr
5
dc + 1 = 1.313 <= for #5 bars and 1 in. cover
16
dc
max spacing for crack controlled s 1 + = 1.216
1
0.7 ho dc
in
e 1 <= class 1 exposure
700 e
smax 2 dc = 8.08
s fs
So provide #5 @ 8 in. c/c in negative moment region

Deck Overhang Design

Strength I limit state:

((3.5 12 + 0.25 5)) ft
Mb Pb ft = 0.993 kip
12
2 ft
((3.5 12)) ft
Mo ws 2
ft 2 = 0.766 kip
2 12 2 ft
((3.5 12 15)) 2 ft
MDW wfws 2
ft = 0.051 kip
2 12 ft
((12 .25)) ft
MLL MO = 4.102 kip
12 ft
factored design moment
ft
Mu 1.05 1.25 Mb + Mo + 1.5 MDW + 1.75 1.33 MLL kip = 12.412 kip
ft
Hence not the controlling case

Extreme Event II limit state:

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 CE 766
03/16/17 Homework #8 Mahesh Mediboyina

Extreme Event II limit state:

Concrete barrier strength:

34
Height of wall H = 2.833 ft
Area of barrier A 301 in 2 12
Critical length of yield-line falilure pattern, Lc
Longitudinal distribution length of impact force, Lt
Additional flexural resistance of beam, if any, at top of wall, Mb
Flexural resistance of wall about an axis parallel to the Mc
longitudinal axis of the bridge,
Flexural resistance of wall about vertical axis, Mw
nominal railing resiatance to transverse load, Rw

Mw:
Segment I:
2 no.of #3 bars As 2 .11 = 0.22 in 2
3 + 2.75 + 1.375
davg = 3.563 in
2
As fy
b 21 in a = 0.185 in
0.85 fc' b
a 1
1 Mn As fy davg = 3.817 kip ft
2 12
Segment II:
1 no.of #3 bars As 1 .11 = 0.11 in 2

dpos 3.25 + 3.5 = 6.75 in

As fy
b 10 in a = 0.194 in
0.85 fc' b
a 1
1 Mn_pos As fy dpos = 3.659 kip ft
2 12
dneg 2.75 + 3.25 = 6 in
a 1
Mn_neg As fy dneg = 3.247 kip ft
2 12
average value is
Mn_neg + Mn_pos
MnII = 3.453 kip ft
2
Segment III:
1 no.of #3 bars As 1 .11 = 0.11 in 2

d 9.5 + 2.75 = 12.25 in

As fy
a = 0.647 Page 9 of 14
0.85 fc' b

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 CE 766
03/16/17 Homework #8 Mahesh Mediboyina

As fy
b3 in a = 0.647 in
0.85 fc' b
a 1
1 MnIII As fy d = 6.56 kip ft
2 12
Total moment strength of the wall about the vertical axis

Mw Mn + MnII + MnIII = 13.829 kip ft

307
havg = 9.029 in
34
davg havg 2.75 = 6.279 in

4 no. of #3 bars As 4 0.11 = 0.44 in 2

As fy
b 34 in a = 0.228 in 1
0.85 fc' b
a
davg
2
Mn As fy = 13.563 kip ft almost comparable to Mn
12
Mc:
provide #4 bars @ 6 in. vertically in the barrier As 0.39 in 2
d 7 2 .25 = 4.75 in b 12 in
As fy
a = 0.574 in 1.0
0.85 fc' b
a
d
2 ft
McI As fy = 8.703 kip
12 ft
Effective depth for the tension leg of hairpin dowel d 8.75 in
a
d
2 ft
McII_III As fy = 16.503 kip
12 ft
Weighted average for the moment strength about the horizontal axis
McI 21 + McII_III ((10 + 3)) ft
Mc = 11.686 kip
34 ft

Lc:
Lt 3.5ft Mb 0
Lt
Lt 2 H Mb + Mw
Lc + + 8 = 7.217 ft
2 2 Mc

Rw:
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 CE 766
03/16/17 Homework #8 Mahesh Mediboyina

Rw:
2 Mc Lc 2
Rw 8 Mb + 8 Mw + = 59.53 > Ft = 54 kips
2 Lc Lt H

Shear transfer between Barrier and Deck:

Rw kips
tensile force T per unit length in the overhang T = 4.621
Lc + 2 H ft

in 2
Acv 15 12 = 180 <=shear contact area
ft
in 2
Avf 0.39 <= dowel area across shear plane
ft
c 0.075 ksi <= cohesion
0.6
ft kip
K1 0.2 Pc Pb = 0.32
K2 0.8 ksi kip ft
kip
Vn min K1 fc' Acv , K2 Acv , c Acv + Avf fy + Pc = 27.732
ft
Vn > Vct=4.61 kip/ft
Min. cross-sectional area of dowels across the shear plane is
bv 15 in
0.05 bv
Avf > = 0.013 Vui 4.65 kips 0.9
fy

1.33 Vui
> steel required to carry = 6.872 kips

Consider #4 @ 5.5 in. db 0.5 in As 0.43 in 2
db
development length lhb 38 = 9.5 in > 8db= 4 in.

fc'
modified development length ldh 0.8 1.2 lhb = 9.12 in

Available length = 9 - 1.5 = 7.5 in.

7.5 in 2
As_req As = 0.354
ldh ft

in 2
As As_req = 0.354
ft

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 CE 766
03/16/17 Homework #8 Mahesh Mediboyina

d 7 2 .25 = 4.75 in b 12 in
As fy
a = 0.52 in 1.0
0.85 fc' b
a
d
2 ft
McI As fy = 7.939 kip
12 ft
Effective depth for the tension leg of hairpin dowel d 8.75 in
a
d
2 ft
McII_III As fy = 15.011 kip
12 ft
Weighted average for the moment strength about the horizontal axis
McI 21 + McII_III ((10 + 3)) ft
Mc = 10.643 kip
34 ft

Lt
Lt 2 H Mb + Mw
Lc + + 8 = 7.452 ft
2 2 Mc

2 Mc Lc 2
Rw 8 Mb + 8 Mw + = 55.986 > Ft = 54 kips
2 Lc Lt H
Standard 90 deg. hook with extension of 12db+4db =8 in.

Top reinforcement in deck overhang

Rw H ft
MCT = 12.091 kip
Lc + 2 H ft
dead -load moments for extreme event II limit state
ft
Mb 0.993 kip
ft
ft
Mn 1.0 1.25 Mb + Mo + 1.5 MDW + MCT kip = 14.366 kip
ft
#3 bar with #5 top bar @ 7.5 in.
in 2
As 0.18 + 0.49 = 0.67
ft
0.625
d 9 2.5 = 6.188 in
2
As fy
a = 0.985a in
0.85 fc' b d

2 ft
Mn As fy = 19.078 kip
12 ft
Rw
T = 4.268 Page 12 of 14
Lc + 2 H

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 a
d
2 CE 766 kip ft
Mn As fy = 19.078
03/16/17 12 Homework #8 ft Mahesh Mediboyina

Rw ft
moment reduction T = 4.268 kip
Lc + 2 H ft

solving Mu from interaction curve

in 2
Ast 0.18 + 0.49 + 0.41 = 1.08 #3 @ 7.5 in., #5 @ 7.5 in. &
ft #5 @ 9 in.
kips
Pn Ast fy = 64.8
ft

T ft
Mu < Mn 1 = 17.821 kip
Pn ft

38 db
development length db 0.625 lhb = 11.875 in

fc'
MCT
ldh lhb 0.8 1.2 = 7.735 in
17.821
available development length l 0.625 + 7 + 0.3125 = 7.938 in OK

Length of the additional deck overhanging bars

x
MCT ((x)) MCT 1
5.33

Barrier B ((x)) Pb ((H + x)) + 0.464 x

3.5
Overhang O ((x)) MO 3.5 + x + 0.462 x
2

x 2.
Deckslab D ((x)) 0.1 + 0.341 x
2
on solving the quadratic equation by equating the extreme event II loads

x 0.62 ft = 7.44 in., say 7 in.

Min. development length db 0.375 in Ab 0.11 in

> 12 db = 4.5 in
> 0.0625 144 = 9 in
Ab fy
tension development length ldb 1.25 = 4.125 in

fc'

> 0.4 db fy = 9 in (controls)

modified development length ld 1.2 9 = 10.8 in
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 CE 766 0.4 db fy = 9
03/16/17 Homework #8 Mahesh Mediboyina

modified development length ld 1.2 9 = 10.8 in

disance from center of web to end of development length 10.8 + .25 = 11.05 in

Make sure 1/3 rd of the tension reinforcement is extended beyond inflection point

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