15/03/2017 BatchScriptArrays

BatchScriptArrays
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ArraysarenotspecificallydefinedasatypeinBatchScriptbutcanbeimplemented.Thefollowing
thingsneedtobenotedwhenarraysareimplementedinBatchScript.

Eachelementofthearrayneedstobedefinedwiththesetcommand.
Theforloopwouldberequiredtoiteratethroughthevaluesofthearray.

CreatinganArray
Anarrayiscreatedbyusingthefollowingsetcommand.
seta[0]=1

Where0istheindexofthearrayand1isthevalueassignedtothefirstelementofthearray.

Anotherwaytoimplementarraysistodefinealistofvaluesanditeratethroughthelistofvalues.The
followingexampleshowhowthiscanbeimplemented.

Example
@echooff
setlist=1234
(for%%ain(%list%)do(
echo%%a
))

Output

Theabovecommandproducesthefollowingoutput.

1
2
3
4

AccessingArrays
Youcanretrieveavaluefromthearraybyusingsubscriptsyntax,passingtheindexofthevalueyou
wanttoretrievewithinsquarebracketsimmediatelyafterthenameofthearray.

Example
@echooff
seta[0]=1
echo%a[0]%

Inthisexample,theindexstartsfrom0whichmeansthefirstelementcanbeaccessedusingindexas
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0,thesecondelementcanbeaccessedusingindexas1andsoon.Let'scheckthefollowingexample
tocreate,initializeandaccessarrays

@echooff
seta[0]=1
seta[1]=2
seta[2]=3
echoThefirstelementofthearrayis%a[0]%
echoThesecondelementofthearrayis%a[1]%
echoThethirdelementofthearrayis%a[2]%

Theabovecommandproducesthefollowingoutput.

Thefirstelementofthearrayis1
Thesecondelementofthearrayis2
Thethirdelementofthearrayis3

ModifyinganArray
Toaddanelementtotheendofthearray,youcanusethesetelementalongwiththelastindexofthe
arrayelement.

Example
@echooff
seta[0]=1
seta[1]=2
seta[2]=3
RemAddinganelementattheendofanarray
Seta[3]=4
echoThelastelementofthearrayis%a[3]%

Theabovecommandproducesthefollowingoutput.

Thelastelementofthearrayis4

YoucanmodifyanexistingelementofanArraybyassigninganewvalueatagivenindexasshown
inthefollowingexample

@echooff
seta[0]=1
seta[1]=2
seta[2]=3
RemSettingthenewvalueforthesecondelementofthearray
Seta[1]=5
echoThenewvalueofthesecondelementofthearrayis%a[1]%

Theabovecommandproducesthefollowingoutput.
Thenewvalueofthesecondelementofthearrayis5

IteratingOveranArray
Iteratingoveranarrayisachievedbyusingtheforloopandgoingthrougheachelementofthe
array.Thefollowingexampleshowsasimplewaythatanarraycanbeimplemented.
@echooff
setlocalenabledelayedexpansion

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settopic[0]=comments
settopic[1]=variables
settopic[2]=Arrays
settopic[3]=Decisionmaking
settopic[4]=Timeanddate
settopic[5]=Operators

for/l%%nin(0,1,5)do(
echo!topic[%%n]!
)

Followingthingsneedtobenotedabouttheaboveprogram

Eachelementofthearrayneedstobespecificallydefinedusingthesetcommand.

Theforloopwiththe/Lparameterformovingthroughrangesisusedtoiteratethroughthe
array.

Output
Theabovecommandproducesthefollowingoutput.

Comments
variables
Arrays
Decisionmaking
Timeanddate
Operators

LengthofanArray
Thelengthofanarrayisdonebyiteratingoverthelistofvaluesinthearraysincethereisnodirect
functiontodeterminethenumberofelementsinanarray.
@echooff
setArr[0]=1
setArr[1]=2
setArr[2]=3
setArr[3]=4
set"x=0"
:SymLoop

ifdefinedArr[%x%](
callecho%%Arr[%x%]%%
set/a"x+=1"
GOTO:SymLoop
)
echo"Thelengthofthearrayis"%x%

Output

OutputTheabovecommandproducesthefollowingoutput.
Thelengthofthearrayis4

CreatingStructuresinArrays
Structurescanalsobeimplementedinbatchfilesusingalittlebitofanextracodingfor
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implementation.Thefollowingexampleshowshowthiscanbeachieved.

Example
@echooff
setlen=3
setobj[0].Name=Joe
setobj[0].ID=1
setobj[1].Name=Mark
setobj[1].ID=2
setobj[2].Name=Mohan
setobj[2].ID=3
seti=0
:loop

if%i%equ%len%goto:eof
setcur.Name=
setcur.ID=

for/f"usebackqdelims==.tokens=13"%%jin(`setobj[%i%]`)do(
setcur.%%k=%%l
)
echoName=%cur.Name%
echoValue=%cur.ID%
set/ai=%i%+1
gotoloop

Thefollowingkeythingsneedtobenotedabouttheabovecode.

Eachvariabledefinedusingthesetcommandhas2valuesassociatedwitheachindexofthe
array.

Thevariableiissetto0sothatwecanloopthroughthestructurewillthelengthofthearray
whichis3.

Wealwayscheckfortheconditiononwhetherthevalueofiisequaltothevalueoflenandif
not,weloopthroughthecode.

Weareabletoaccesseachelementofthestructureusingtheobj[%i%]notation.

Output

Theabovecommandproducesthefollowingoutput.
Name=Joe
Value=1
Name=Mark
Value=2
Name=Mohan
Value=3

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