ABAP/4 QUERY

ABAP Query - Introduction

ABAP Query application is used to create reports not already contained in

the default. It has been designed for users with little or no knowledge of the
SAP programming language ABAP.

SAP Query offers users a broad range of ways to define reports and create
different types of reports such as basic lists, statistics, and ranked lists.

An administrator must first make the required settings to allow the user to
work with ABAP Query.

Queries are normally client-dependent. Only the ABAP queries provided by

SAP are automatically available in all clients. In order for the queries that
you have defined to be available in all clients, you have to transport these
queries into all clients in your system.
ABAP Query - Introduction
The SAP Query comprises five components: Queries, InfoSet Query,
InfoSets, User Groups and Translation/Query

Classic reporting- the creation of lists, statistics and ranked lists- are
covered by the InfoSet Query and Queries components. Other
components range of functions cover the maintenance of InfoSets, the
administration of user groups and also the translation of texts created in
the SAP Query

All data required by a user for a report can be read from various tables

To define a report, you first have to enter individual texts, such as titles,
and select the fields and options which determine the report layout. In
the WYSIWYG mode, you can edit the lists using Drag & Drop and
various toolbars
SAP Query Components
The following overview explains how you can call up individual components
and what each of these components is used for.

Choose Tools -> ABAP Workbench -> Utilities to call up the components
individually.

Menu path Used for

SAP Query Queries Maintaining Queries

SAP Query InfoSets Maintaining Info Sets

SAP Query User Groups Maintaining User Groups

Translation Query Language Comparison

Data Access
The following three components will be explained in detail:
1. User Groups (SQ03).
2. InfoSets (SQ02).
3. Queries (SQ01).

1. User Groups(SQ03)
Access rights in ABAP/4 Query are maintained via User Groups
A User Groups contain users with identical access authorization and a set
of associated Functional Areas
All users must be members of at least one user group and can be a
member of more than one group
All members of one user group can access the same data as well as the
same programs (queries) to create lists
Within a User Groups, it is possible to access only that data that the
associated Functional Area provide
Data Access
2. Infosets (SQ02)
The InfoSets component is used to maintain InfoSets. The system administrator uses
the component to set up the work environment for end-users.
The initial set of data required for generating a query is provided by InfoSet. This initial
set of data can be from re-usable Logical Databases or from any Database Table.

Each Query is associated with one Functional Area.

An ABAP/4 query user need not know table or field names as Infosets Area is not
identified by technical details but by declarative text.

Advantages
Data can be protected from unauthorized access.
Technical details like table name and field name details are hidden from user.
Possible to narrow or widen the range of information as provided by
Logical Database.
Data Access
Infosets
By creating InfoSets and assigning them to roles or user groups, the system
administrator determines the range of reports that the individual application
departments or end-users are able to generate using the SAP Query.
End-users are able to work only with those InfoSets that are relevant to their
particular area, as designated by the role or user group that they are assigned
to. An InfoSet can be assigned to several roles or user groups.
Elements of ABAP Query

You can define three types of evaluations for ABAP

Query:
Basic lists
Statistics
Ranked lists

These three groups can be combined as desired.

Elements of ABAP Query
Basic lists
Presents data in the order defined by Functional Areas.
Possible to sort data based on different criteria
Possible to calculate sums and intermediate sums.

Statistic
Shows statistical figures calculated from basic data

Ranked list
Specialization of Statistic.
A Query can have a basic list upto 9 statistic and 9 ranked
list. Partial lists is optional.

Advantages:
Data is read only once.
Creating a User Group (SQ03)
Creating a User Group
Creating a User Group

Type the User Group Id

and Save. Only the
User Group Id specified
here will have the
authorization.
Displaying a INFOSET (SQ02)

Type a name for FA and

click DISPLAY

Type the text and

click save
Displaying a INFOSET

Click on join
Displaying a INFOSET
Creating a Query ( SQ01)

Select a query name and

click on display
Creating a Query

Click on Basic List

Creating a Query

Click on the required field and

click on Test Execution.
Creating a Query

Choose the output format and

click execute
Creating a Basic List
Creating a Basic List
Creating a Statistic

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Exercises

Exercise 1: Create a User Group.

Exercise 2: Create a Functional Area.
Exercise 3: Assign a Functional Area to a User Group.
Exercise 4: Create & Execute an ABAP/4 Query.
Exercise 1: Create a User Group

Tasks:
1. In your test R/3 client, go to the ABAP/4 Development Workbench
and create a User Group
2. Provide the following description:
TEST USER GROUP
3. Add to the User list your SAP Username
4. SAVE and Exit to ABAP/4 Development Workbench

You have now created a User Group.

Exercise 2: Create a Functional Area

Tasks:
1. In your ABAP/4 Development Workbench, create a Infoset Area called
TEST.
2. In the Description field, type:
TEST InfoSet AREA.
3. Use a Logical Database named LMM.
4. Create Infoset Group identifiers and descriptions.
5. Select with identifiers all of the fields in tables MKPF and MSEG.
Exercise 3: Assign a Functional Area to a User Group

Tasks:
1. At the Infoset Area initial screen, click ASSIGN TO USER GROUPS
2. Select TEST USER GROUP created earlier.
3. SAVE and Exit to Workbench.