ARCH 316

Sewage System Design

Cesspool, Septic tank
LECTURE 7
Dr. Hassan Hassoon ALDelfi
Fall 2015-2016
 Objectives
To enable student to Define
what is cesspool, septic tank,
MH, etcbeing used in sewage
system design and applications
 Properly designed and installed septic tanks
can function for many years. Annual
inspection to determine sludge depth is
desirable to prevent tank solids from
overflowing and sealing the soil in the drain
field. Minimize the amount of grease from the
kitchen and garbage disposal solids going into
septic tank. Water conservation reduces the
loading and saturation of the drainfield.
 Cesspool
a cistern, well, or pit for retaining the
sediment of a drain or for
receiving the sewage from a house.
A cesspit or cesspool is not a septic tank as it
does not have an outlet for the liquid part of
the waste to drain away
 Septic Tank
The septic tank is a watertight box, usually
made of concrete or fiberglass, with an inlet
and outlet pipe. Wastewater flows from the
home to the septic tank through the sewer
pipe. The septic tank treats the wastewater
naturally by holding it in the tank long enough
for solids
and liquids to separate.
 Sanitary System Design
Sanitary pipes are filled partially as shown.
According to Manning Formula:

where: Q= flow rate A

n=Manning Coefficient
A=cross sectional area of the pipe P
R=Hydraulic Radius of the pipe =A/P p=perimeter
S=hydraulic gradient (slope)
P= wetted perimeter
The above formula is being used for roughness of pipe =e/D=0.01-
0.05
 Example 1:

Water is flowing 1.5 feet deep in a 4 feet wide,

open channel of rectangular cross section, as shown
in the diagram below. The channel is made of
concrete (made with steel forms), with a constant
bottom slope of 0.003, n = 0.011. Estimate the flow
rate of water in the channel?

1.5 ft

4 ft
 solution
it can be seen that the cross-sectional area
perpendicular to flow is 1.5 ft times 4 ft = 6 ft2 .
Also from the figure, it can be seen that the
wetted perimeter is 1.5 + 1.5 + 4 ft = 7 ft. The
hydraulic radius can now be calculated: R = A/P
= 6 ft2 /7 ft = 0.8571 ft Substituting values for all
of the parameters into Equation 1: Q =
(1.49/0.011)(6)(0.85712/3)(0.0031/2) =
Then Q= 40.2 ft3 /sec
 Example 2:

Water is flowing in 2/3 of pipe cross section radius =1 ft,

open channel of circular cross section. The channel is
made of concrete (made with steel forms), with a
constant bottom slope of 0.004, n = 0.011. sketch the
figure for the flow then, estimate the flow rate of water in
the channel?
Hint: Use manning formula for sanitary flow in channels:
 Solution
Class work
http://www.slideshare.net/gilbertbautista3/mo
dule-6-module-4-draft-sanitary-and-plumbing-
layout-and-details
Horizontal and Vertical Sanitary Pipes
Design Method
1-determine dFu for each sanitary fixture table1-
1
2-the sum of dFu are found for each line then
diameter D is calculated. Use Colum table 1-3
3- use table to find the horizontal and vertical
pipe diameter.
a- horizontal branch: found from the second Colum
after matching the value of dFu then diameter.
b-Vertical pipe (stack):
i- three stories and less use third Colum.
Ii-more than three stories use the last 4th & 5th Colum.
 P- S-
4-use table to find the diameter of the building
drain and sewer, the more slope the better the
drain.
All sanitary units better connected to main
building drain, using Gully Trap; to prevent
backflow of smell which is generated due to the
decomposition of organic matters., H2S and NH3
similar to egg smell and other gases.
S-trap
 https://aspe.org/sites/default/files/webfm/Co
ntinuingEd/PSD_CEU_187May12.pdf
 Drainage Code
UPC uniform plumbing code
IPC international plumbing code