Master Louie

Eulogio Amang Rodriguez
Institute of Science and Technology

1 College of Public Administration and Criminology
Department of Criminology
CHAPTER 1
The Problem and Its Background
Introduction
Countries all over the world created laws, which
protect the welfare and rights of the oppressed and the
weak people particularly the children who are considered
vulnerable in our society. They are exposed to the
different activities with no distinctions between good or
bad, lawful or not, moral or immoral.
Children have little capacity to protect themselves
against violence, physical and verbal abuse, psychological
torture, and discrimination in the society. The family as
the smallest unit of society, which its primordial goal is
to protect its members against possible harm and raise
their children with good conduct in preparation to the role
they will play in the society. Broken family leads the
children to do something for them in order to survive. In
the absence of the family who will nurtures the children,
the chaotic situation of the society welcome to influence
young mind. Homeless children with broken family considered
the street as their living place.
The problems of street children and juvenile
delinquents are much related, social problems. To survive
in the street you almost have to become delinquent. Exposed

to criminal elements these children are vulnerable to
prostitution, drug addiction and pushing and commission of
crimes. Most street children have become juvenile
delinquents either out of necessity (because they are poor)
or through force (because of the syndicates). Young people
in the street are also criminalized and stigmatized for no
obvious crime committed. So many times the streets were
cleaned up at the start of the tourist season and as a
consequence many street children were jailed because of
vagrancy laws.
House Bill 002 authored by Alvarez and Congressman
Fredenil Castro propose to revise the Juvenile Justice and
Welfare Act of 2006 earlier amended by R.A 10630 authored
by Senator Francis Pangilinan and seek to lower the age of
criminal liability from 15 to 9 years old the rational
minors these years already have discernment of inter access
in internet and digital media besides the age of criminal
liability is raised to 15 minors are exploited.
The said bill seems to exempt on the criminal liability
of minors ages 9 years and below but they will be subjected
to social intervention but if their ages in the time of the
commission of an offense they will be subjective also too
social intervention. And if they have proven that they
committed an offense with full discernment in which case

they will have to face the full force of the law. I also
thus not mean automatic exemption from civil liability.
On October 3, 2013 President Benigno Aquino III signed
into law Republic Act No.10630 An Act Strengthening the
Juvenile Justice System in the Philippines amending for
the purpose Republic Act No. 9344 otherwise known as the
Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006. This law deals
with the right and protection of children at risk and
children in conflict with the law.
An immediate effect of this law is to exempt from
criminal liability a child above fifteen (15) years but
below eighteen (18) years of age and subjected to an
intervention program pursuant to section 20 of this act.
The exemption from criminal liability herein established
does not include exemption from civil liability, which
shall be enforced in accordance with existing law.
But the law, even as it protects the best interest of
the children has its drawback. Children offenders have been
figured in repeated violation and have been observed to be
getting bolder with each report offense, many of them made
and done graver offense because children in conflict to the
law have been emboldened by thought that they will not be
imprisoned anyway.
Under of this act, the said child who violates the law
shall confine to the BahayPag-asa where its primary duty is
to cater off. Funded and managed by local government units
(LGUs) and licensed and/or accredited non-government
organizations (NGOs) providing short-term residential care
for children in conflict with the law who are above fifteen
(15) but below eighteen (18) years of age who are awaiting
court disposition of their cases or transfer to other
agencies or jurisdiction.
Part of the features of a Bahay Pag-asa is an
intensive juvenile intervention and support center. This
will cater children in conflict with the law in accordance
with Section 20, 20-A and 20-B hereof. Section 20(A)Serious
Crimes Committed by Children Who are Exempt From Criminal
Responsibility, a child who is above twelve (12) years of
age up to fifteen (15) years of age and who commits
parricide, murder, infanticide, kidnapping and serious
illegal detention where the victim is killed or raped,
robbery, with homicide or rape, destructive arson, rape,
car napping where the driver or occupant is killed or raped
or offenses under Republic Act No. 9165 (Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002) punishable by more than twelve
(12) years of imprisonment, shall be deemed a neglected
child under Presidential Decree No. 603 (Child And Youth

Welfare Code), and shall be mandatorily placed in a special
facility within the youth care faculty or Bahay Pag-asa
called the Intensive Juvenile Intervention and Support
Center (IJISC).
The alarming increase of crimes with the involvement of
minors is one of the serious problems that police personnel
are encountered with in spite of the efforts of law
enforcers to promote the law for the protection of
childrens rights and welfare. Some people use the very law
itself to protect the imposition of sanction and to
continue perpetuating using minors in their unlawful
activities. The juvenile justice law is created to correct
the behaviour of the children from doing petty crimes and
undergo intervention programs that will help them to gain
their reputation in the society.
Why we want this study? Our reason why we pursue this
study is because this study is very interesting it regards
on how to know the criticism, comment or opinion on the
propose amendment of current law who has a jurisdiction
over juvenile delinquent and to predict the result if this
proposal pass and made into a law. And help the author of
this proposal to think wisely if their act is for the sake
of the state.
Background of the Study
This research study was conducted in Eulogio "Amang"
Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST), it
is a chartered state college of the Philippines on Nagtahan
Road in Manila. The college was named after Senator Eulogio
"Amang" Rodriguez. The college became famous for its
excellence in vocational-technical education programs. From
being a voc-tech institution, it evolved into a full-
fledged higher education institution offering
baccalaureate, masters and doctoral programs.
Figure 1 shows the map of EARIST.

Fig. 1 Map of EARIST

Theoretical Framework
The study was anchored in the Social reaction or
commonly called labelling theory by David Matza states that
people become criminals when significant members of society
label them as such and they accept those labels as a
personal identity. This theory is more commonly called
Labelling theory.
This simply means that when important and influential
people in a persons life, such as parents, siblings, and
peers, use negative words to describe him, use unflattering
monikers to refer to him, the tendency is for that person
to internalize or believe that those negative monikers and
descriptions of him are true. He then starts regarding
himself as such and this would be reflected through his
action.
This is usually more applicable to children, thus,
children who are caught committing crimes are not called
criminals to avoid labelling. In the Philippines,
children or minors caught in violation of the law are
called children in conflict with the law, replacing the old
term, minor or youth offender.
This theory states that once young people have been
labelled as criminal, they are more likely to offend the
idea is that once labelled as deviant, a young person may

accept that role, and be more likely to associate with
others who have been similarly labelled. Labelling theorist
say that male children from poor families are more likely
to be labelled deviant, and that this may partially explain
why there are more class young male offenders.
This is the reason why the researcher is offering this
study they would like to know what is the perception of
EARIST students on lowering the age of criminal
responsibility among juvenile. The result may give inputs
on analysing the proposed amendments of R.A. 10630.
Conceptual Framework
The InputProcessOutput (IPO) Model as the Conceptual
Framework for this study. In the IPO model, a process is
viewed as a series of boxes (processing elements) connected
by inputs and outputs. Information or material objects
flow through a series of tasks or activities based on a set
of rules or decision points. Flow charts and process
diagrams are often used to represent the process. What goes
in is the input; what causes the change is the process;
what comes out is the output. In this case, the input
is the statement of the problem (SOP); the process
is the questionnaire/survey; and output is the
recommendation.
Figure 1 shows the paradigm of the study.

Conceptual Paradigm
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
ndent in terms of:
Interviews
Survey Questionnaires
proposed amendment of R.A. 10630 in terms of;
Observation Strongly Agree
Analysis of
n the proposed amendments of R.A 10630 in relation Psychological Documents
basis andbasis
and Sociological Records
when they are group
Assessment and Statistical Tools

he perception of respondents when grouped according to ages and gender
FEEDBACK
Fig. 2 The Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

Statement of the Problem
The study aimed to know the perception of EARIST
Students on the proposed amendment of R.A. 10630.
Specifically, it sought answers to the following sub
questions;
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents
in terms of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender;
1.3 Civil Status;
1.4 College/Course; and
1.5 Year Level?
2. How do the respondents perceived the proposed amendment
of R.A. 10630 in terms of:
2.1 Psychological basis; and
2.2 Sociological basis;
3. What is the perception of the respondents on the
proposed amendments of R.A 10630 in relation to the above
mentioned variables when they are group according to age
and gender?
4. Is there any significant difference on the perception
made by the respondents on the proposed amendments of R.A.
10630 if grouped according to their ages and gender in
relation to afore-mentioned variables?

Hypothesis
The researchers hypothesized that there;
1) there is no significant difference on the perception
made by the respondents on the proposed amendments of
R.A. 10630 if grouped according to their ages in
relation to psychological and sociological basis; and

2) Therefore, there is no significant difference on the
perception made by the respondents on the proposed
amendments of R.A. 10630 if grouped according to their
gender in relation to psychological and sociological
basis.
Scope and Limitation
The study was delimited to the following.
The Setting. This study was conducted in EARIST, an
institution located in the Nagtahan, Sampaloc Manila.
The Subject. The subjects primarily focused on the
perception of the Eulogio Amang Rodriguez Institute of
Science and Technology (EARIST) Students on the Proposed
Amendment on Republic Act No. 10630 An Act Strengthening
the Juvenile Justice System in the Philippines, Amending
for the Purpose Republic Act No. 9344, otherwise known as
the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006. It will
likewise give inputs to policy analysis.

The Respondents. The respondents of this study were the
students in Eulogio Amang Rodriguez Institute of Science
and Technology (EARIST).
The Time frame. The study covered the first Semester
year 2016-2017.
Significance of the Study
This study was significant to the following;
Students. The result of the study provided a
significance or important lesson to the respondent.
Parents. The result of the study served as information
on proper caring of children.
Local Officials and the Community. They benefited where
their deterrent factor in children in conflict with the law
is concerned.
Children in conflict with the law. This study aimed to
help to understand their role in nation building after
undergoing the intervention program and reinvent themselves
for their development.
Future Researcher. The proposed study benefited and
help the future researcher as their guide. The study can
also open the development for they may Enhance/improve and
it will provide them the facts needed to compare their
study during respective time and usability.
Definition of Terms
For clearer understanding of the words used in this
study, the following were logically and operationally
defined:
Adjudication. The legal process of resolving a dispute.
The formal giving or pronouncing of a judgment or decree in
a court proceeding; also the judgment or decision given.
Bahay Pag-asa. It refers to a 24-hour child-caring
institution established, funded and managed by local
government units (LGUs) and licensed and non-government
organizations (NGOs) providing short term residential care
for children in conflict with the law who are above fifteen
(15) but below eighteen (18) years of age who are awaiting
court disposition of their cases or transfer to other
agencies or jurisdiction.
Children at Risk. It refers to a child who is
vulnerable to and at the risk of committing criminal
offenses because of personal, family and social
circumstances, such as, but not limited to the following.
Being abused by any person through sexual, physical,
psychological, mental economic or any other means and the
parents or guardians refuse are unwilling. Or unable to
provide protection for a child, being exploited including
sexuality or economically, Being abandoned, neglected and
after diligent search and inquiry, the parent or guardian

cannot be found, coming from a dysfunctional or broken
family or without a parent or guardian, Being out of
school, Being street child, Being of a member of gang,
Living in a community of drug abused, and Living in
situations of car armed conflict.
Children in conflict with the law. A child who is
alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as, having committed an
offense under Philippine law.
Crimes. An act or the commission of an act that is
forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a
public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment
by the law; especially a gross violation of law a grave
offense especially against morality.
Curfew. An order or law that requires people to be
indoors after a certain time at night the period of time
when such an order or law is in effect, the time set by a
parent at which a child has to be backing home after going
out.
Delinquent Act. It is defined as a juvenile who has
committed a delinquent act or is in need of car or
supervision. A delinquent act is an act committed by a
child that is designated a violation , misdemeanour, or
felony offense under the law of state or of another state
if the act occurred in another state or under federal law

or a violation of a municipal ordinance except violations
of municipal curfew ordinances. The term usually does not
include most traffic offenses committed by one 16 years of
age or older. Juvenile delinquents are subject to state
statutes, which vary by state, allowing for, among other
things, taking the juvenile into custody, ordering
restitution for offenses committed, and compliance with
supervisory conditions.
Discernment. It refers to a level of intellectual
maturity including the ability to distinguish right from
wrong.
Juvenile. It refers to not fully grown or developed;
young, of or characteristic of a young animal that has not
reached sexual maturity; a bird still juvenile plumage.
Characteristics of intended for or appropriate for children
or young people; juvenile fashions. Marked by immaturity;
juvenile behaviour.
Parents. It refers to a person who is a father or
mother a person who has a child an animal or plant that
produces a young plant something out of which another thing
has developed.
P.D. No. 603. It refers to a child and youth welfare
code.
Punishment. It refers to the imposition of a penalty or
deprivation for wrong doing the swift punishment of all
offenders. A penalty imposed for wrongdoing: The severity
of the punishment must be in keeping with the kind of
obligation has been violated. Rough treatment or use; these
old skis have taken a lot of punishment over the years.
R.A.9344. It refers to an act establishing a
comprehensive juvenile justice and welfare system creating
the juvenile justice and welfare council under the
department of justice.
R.A.10630. It refers to an act strengthening the
juvenile justice system in the Philippines, Amending for
the purpose Republic Act No. 9344 , Otherwise known
Juvenile Justice And Welfare Act of 2006 and
appropriating funds.
Rehabilitation. It refers to restore to good health or
useful life as through therapy and education: rehabilitate
a patient; rehabilitate a prison inmate. To restore to good
condition: rehabilitate the economy. To cause to be
regarded again in a positive way; re-establish esteem for
rehabilitate a reputation rehabilitate a forgotten poet. To
restore the former rank, privileges, or rights of: Under
the new regime, party members, who had been sent to prison
were rehabilitated.
Student. It refers to the one who is enrolled or
attends classes at a school, college, or university, one
who studies something: a student of contemporary dance. An
attentive observer: a student of world affairs.
Truancy. It refers to the absence of a child from
school without permission. The neglect of work duty.
Acronyms:
DOJ-Department of Justice
DSWD-Department of Social and Welfare Development
EARIST-Eulogio Amang Rodriguez Institutes of
Science and Technology
IJISCIntensive Juvenile Intervention and Support

JJWCCenter Juvenile Justice Welfare Council
LGU-Local Government Units
LSWDOLocal Social Welfare and Development Office
NGO-Non-Government Organizations
CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This Chapter is a presentation of related literature
and studies local and foreign which have an important

bearing to the present study. The cited reading aided the
researchers to have a better understanding of their study.
Foreign Literature
Juvenile delinquency is a complex social problem that
significantly impacts all members and processes of a social
structure. Delinquency refers to a set of behaviours that
are not in line with the collective practices and/or ethics
of the dominant social group. Essentially, these behaviours
deviate from societal norms and more specifically they
violate established criminal codes and laws. Juvenile
delinquency incorporates not only general criminal activity
but conduct that is only unlawful for youths, such as
running away from home and skipping school. Current
research into this difficult and pressing issue reflects a
vast range of theories about, and predictors of delinquency
as well as a multitude of strategies to control and reduce
overall delinquency. The consensus among practitioners and
researchers, however, maintains that juvenile delinquency
is a dynamic, multifaceted problem with numerous
potentially causal factors. Subsequently, investigators and
professionals suggest that treatment procedures must focus
on not only the immediate issue of the offender's deviant
behaviour but on every element within the context of that
behaviour as well, including for example, family relations

and social support services/networks. Conventional practice
has long associated early preventive measures with positive
delinquency reduction results. In particular, timely
recognition of at-risk youth and correction of ineffective
or minimally effective parenting techniques are critical to
the prevention of future delinquency (Lundman, 1993).
Numerous risk factors have been identified as indicators or
predictors of juvenile delinquency and those factors
represent dysfunction at several levels, specifically
within the structure of the offenders family. Some of
these factors include conflict within the family, a lack of
adequate supervision and/or rules, a distinct lack of
parent-child attachment, instability, poor home life
quality, parental expectations, as well as poverty,
unemployment, and dropping out of school (Studymode.com,
2001). These factors lend themselves to more juveniles
becoming involved in the juvenile system and being referred
to community and non-community treatment programs. (David
L. Jones 2014)
Siegel and Welsh (2011) defined juvenile delinquency as
criminal acts performed by juveniles. It is an important
social issue because juveniles are capable of committing
serious crimes, but most legal system prescribes specific
procedures of dealing with, juveniles, or kid. Juvenile

delinquency may refer to either violent or non-violent
crime committed by persons who are (usually) under the age
of eighteen. There is much debate about whether or not such
child should be held criminally responsible for his action.
There are many different inside influence that are believed
to affect the way a child act both negatively and
positively, some of which are as follows; in family
circumstances, child abandonment is often recognized as a
crime, in which case the child is usually not physically
harmed directly as part of the abandonment; distinct from
this is the widely recognized crime of infanticide.
Social organization or social institution is a group of
social position connected by social relation, performing a
social role. It can be also defined in a narrow since as
any institution in a society that works to socialize the
groups or people in it. Common examples include
universities government, families and any people or groups
that you have social interactions with. It is a major
sphere of social life organized to meet some human needs.
Peer pressure comprises a set of group dynamics whereby a
group of people in which one feels comfortable may override
the personal habits, individual moral inhibition or
idiosyncratic desires to impose a group norm of attitudes
or behaviours.
It requires members to conform to the overall value of
the group. These reference groups are sometimes referred to
as membership group. When individual is formally a member
of(for example, a political party or trade union).
Individuals may also have aspiration groups (social clique,
say, such as yuppies) to which they would like to belong.
They may also recognize dissociative groups with which they
would not wish to associate (thus drinkers may go to great
lengths to avoid being associated with lager louts). This
peer pressure can sometimes be used to great effect by
marketers. If they can sway the few opinion leaders in the
reference in the reference group they will capture the
whole group.
Peer pressure appears also in some profession, one
example often given is about financial analysts that tend
to have common opinions and tend to privilege buy
recommendations/ also scientific paradigms are difficult to
change because of common mental commitments of most
scientists in a given field. Peer pressure usually is
thought of in a bad light- in particular harmful behaviour
usually disapproved of by parents such as drug use (alcohol
included), and skipping school. Although the causes of such
event are hotly debated, peer pressure is also considered
by many to be the root cause of several recent tragedies in

the United States involving young people. However, peer
pressure can also have positive effect. If one is in a
group of friend that are ambitious and working to succeed,
one might feel pressured to follow suit, as to not feel
excluded from the group. Therefore, the youth would be
pressured into improving their self, bettering them in the
long run. This is most commonly seen in youth that are
active in sports or other extracurricular activities.
Brezina, S (2010) has considered juvenile delinquency
as engagement in problem-solving strategies by offenders.
Specially, he notes that delinquency is apt to thrive fewer
than three conditions: the absence of conventional problem-
solving strategies, positive outcome expectancies of
delinquent adoptions. Brezina assertions simply mean that
delinquent behaviour is more likely to manifest in
situation where (1) a young person lacks the ability to
engage in normal problem-solving strategies, such as
talking to the other party involved in a dispute or simply
lacking the knowledge of something else to do: where (2) a
youngster can engage in behaviours that he or she believes
will achieve a desired outcome, which likely avoidance or
escape of negative situations or outcome; and where the
youngster (3) has seen some level of success Is this past
engaging in these behaviours.

According to Ann Marxze D (2011), UMIL, most child
delinquents belong to poor families, Abitria said. These
minors are committing these crimes because of poverty
because they need to survive, Abitria said, adding that
ten percent of the crimes committed by minors are crimes
against property like robbery. From the data of the
Juvenile Justice Welfare Council (JJWC), there were 4,706
cases of children in conflict with the law during the
second quarter of 2009. Many of them were male ages 14 to
17 years old, mostly out of school youth and belong to poor
families, only a few of them can afford to post bail,
Abitria added. A child who cannot post bail stays in prison
with little chance to rebuild his/her future. (Lowering
age discernment wont solve juvenile delinquency).
Youths who are Gang members according to Drown and Hess
(2010) are people who alliance for a common purpose and
engage in unlawful of criminal activity. Criminal behaviour
is what separates a gang for a club such as a boy scout.
The young gang, for criminal justice policies purpose, is a
subset of the street gang.
Street gang can be found throughout the united states,
not only in a large city, but in the suburbs, small towns
and even rural areas, they acquire their power in the
community through their violence behaviour.

Gang member may result from a variety of personal,
social and economic factors, including family structure and
influences such as parental guidance and lack of
responsibility, peer pressure and ego fulfilment, racism
and cultural discard, socioeconomic factors and socialized
delinquency.
According to Bartolas C. (2013) Juvenile Delinquency,
peoples were rational and intelligent beings who exercised
free will. They commit crime because they imagine greater
gains coming from crime than from conformity. Because of
that they advocated harsh and immediate punishment so that
the offenders would be discouraged to commit future crimes.
The popularity of the classical approach was in part
responsible for the development of the prison as an
alternative to physical punishment and the eventual
creation of criminal sentences geared to the seriousness of
crimes.
The Juvenile Delinquency, delinquent behaviour
according to him is the result of youths biological make-
up and life experiences, feel treatment should include
altering one or more factors that contribute to unlawful
behaviour.
He believed that criminals were born, not made, that
the primary cause of crime was biological. He was writing

at the same time that Charles Darwins theory of evolution
was becoming widely circulated, and he was probably greatly
influenced by Darwins ideas.
Local Literature
It is recognized that the responsibility of the police
in the protection and care of children is comprehensive. If
policemen carry out their jobs more effectively and less
children will languish in jail and more will receive
appropriate intervention and immediate protection from
hazardous conditions in the community. The manner by which
various categories of children are handled by the police
considerably influences and guides the courts of the
juvenile justice system.
Handling children who are in conflict with crimes, the
offender, through interaction with the victim, must
understand the seriousness of the incident and together
with the victim and social workers develop a series of
steps towards reconciliation, arranging reparations for
damages and providing whatever remedial assistance the
victim might require. If successful resolution occurs, the
juvenile is not placed in a correctional facility or
labelled a delinquent, thereby avoiding the influence of an
environment (jail) that can reinforce delinquent behaviour.
The reconciliation process must be carried out very

carefully so that the offender does not consider it a
deal with the victim a risk emphasized by various
researchers (Pimentel, 2011).
According to Soriano (2010) Juvenile Delinquency and
Crime Prevention, the protection of society is the primary
responsibilities of government. Specifically, it is
governments duty to ensure that the rights of every
individual, especially the children are protected. As the
principal agent of the government authorized to enforce
laws and to maintain peace and order in the community, the
police force plays a crucial role in the protection of
childrens rights.
The Philippines has signed several international
treaties pertaining to childrens right and juvenile
justice. It is a signatory of the United Nations Convention
on the Rights of the child, the United Nations Standard
Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice or
Beijing Rules, the United Nations Guidelines for the
prevention of Juvenile Delinquency Nations Rules for the
Protection of Juvenile Deprived of Liberty.
In accordance with existing laws, rules, procedures and
guidelines, the proper petition for involuntary commitment
and placement under the IJISC shall be filed by local
social welfare and development officer of the LGU where the

offense was committed, or by the DSWD social worker in the
local social welfare and development officers absence,
within twenty-four (24) hours from the time of the receipt
of report on the alleged commission of said child. The
court, where the petition for involuntary commitment has
been filed shall decide on the petition within seventy-two
(72) hours from the time they said petition has been filed
by the DSWD/LSWDO. The court will determine the initial
period of placement of the child within the IJISC will or
include a psychiatric evaluation report and recommend the
reintegration of the child to his/her family or the
extension of the placement under the IJISC. The multi-
disciplinary team will also submit a report to the court on
the services extended to the parents and family of the
child and the compliance of the parents in the intervention
program. The court will decide whether the child has
successfully completed the center-based program and is
already prepared to be reintegrated with his/her family or
if there is a need for the continuation of the center-based
rehabilitation of the child. The court will determine the
next period of assessment or hearing on the commitment of
the child. Section 20(B) Repetition of offenses, a child
who is above twelve (12) years of ages up to fifteen (15)
years of age and who commits an offense for the second time
or oftener: Provided, That the child was previously
subjected to a community-based intervention program, shall
be deemed a neglected child under Presidential Decree No.
603, as amended, and shall undergo an intensive
intervention program supervised by the local social welfare
and development officer: Provided, further, That, if the
best interest of the child requires that he/she be placed
in a youth care facility or Bahay Pag-asa, the childs
parents or guardians shall executed a written authorization
for the voluntary commitment of the child: Provided,
finally, That if the child has no parents or guardians or
if they refuse or fail to execute the written authorization
for voluntary commitment, the proper petition for
involuntary commitment shall be immediately filed by the
DSWD or the LSWDO pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 603 (
Child And Youth Welfare Code ) as amended.
Alviola in 2012 said that juvenile crime represents
one of the most demanding and frustrating areas of police
work because one of the most common complaints juvenile
offenders are back on the streets before the officers have
had a chance to complete the necessary paper work. Youthful
law breaking and misbehaviour strain law enforcement in
large degree. The leniency of juvenile court codes also
makes it difficult for police to deal effectively with

youth crime. Yet, the significant of police are usually
a juvenile offender first contact with the juvenile justice
system. As the doorway into the system, the police officer
can use his discretion to either change the youth or
involve them in the system. In fact and in truth, the
police officer becomes an on-the-spot prosecutor, judge and
correctional system when dealing with a juvenile offender.
It is really unfortunate for the prosecutors and the police
force that after the these juvenile delinquents undergone a
program that will supposed to rehabilitate them, it seems
that it is not enough for they again committed violations
of the law because the law (RA 9344) which protects them
become the doorway and shield of hardened criminals and
organized groups to realized their criminal activities.
In October of 2011, the proposal of lowering the age of
criminal responsibility of children from fifteen (15) years
old down to nine (9) years old was not approved and agreed
by the Department of Justice (DOJ) and Department of Social
Welfare and Development (DSWD). DOJ and DSWD believed that
the children in conflict with the law are those who are
neglected and lacked parental love and guidance; those who
come from impoverished and dysfunctional families; whose
parents are jobless or separated; whose environment is
filled with air of violence; or whose community is tolerant

of offending crimes as their normal way of living. These
are reality bites that conquer their motivations for
survival. (Daisy T. Besing)
Reyes (2010) in his article mentioned that recently,
greater attention has been given to the role and
responsibility of local communities in dealing with
juvenile delinquency. There are programmed designed to
train groups and individual representatives of local
communities in which juvenile delinquency has increased to
informally control youth and include young people in
constructive activities. The idea that young people can and
should work in partnership with adults to improve
conditions in their communities has gained currency in the
past decade. Young people are being asked to sit on boards
submit ideas and support community efforts through
structured (sometimes required) volunteering. A promising
development in efforts to prevent juvenile delinquency and
crime is the involvement of NGOs and volunteers (students
and pensioners, along with well-known and authority figures
such as sportsmen, politicians and public figures) in
social work with adolescent. Generally, programmed for
preventing gang delinquency should endeavour to integrate
children and youth into organized group activities. This
can be achieved through social service agencies or

organization such as the Girl Guides and Boys Scouts, as
well as independent boys and girls clubs and community
centers; local government recreational activities also
serve this purpose. Cooperation between various agents of
prevention work is becoming increasingly important.
Foreign Studies
According to Theresa Kilbane (2011), Street Children
are not a unified group. They are made up of individuals,
each with their own history and dreams. They reason a child
may be living on the street can vary. It could be a
combination of family and community stressors, such as the
absence of a parent or parents and other relatives;
economic problems such as poverty, unemployment and
homeless. It could be from their owned agency and choice.
They may have migrated or immigrated. They faced risks such
as abuse and violence from peers, from authorities, from
those who discriminate against them, and from others who
want to exploit them. To consider street children, one must
recognize the complexities of driving, protective and
inhibiting factors in the circumstances of street children,
that there are difference between children, communities and
countries.
Alenzi (2010) in his study Juvenile Delinquency in
Kuwait attempted to explore the role of the social

disorganization theory in influencing Juvenile delinquency
Kuwait, and to compare the strengths of social
disorganization and various social factors in predicting
delinquency. The dependent variable used in this study was
self-reported delinquency. Also eight control variables
were included in the regression model; gender, age, family
size, income, area of residence, fathers education,
mothers education, and parents marital status. The
analysis showed the predictive power of social
disorganization in the case of Kuwait accords- for the most
part- with what social disorganization theory would expect.
According to National Juvenile Justice Network (2011),
over the past several years, many states across the country
(the USA) have dramatically reduced the number of youth
held in secure facilities. Some states have achieved these
reductions of downsizing existing population in secure
facilities; others have shuttered entire institutions.
While the population reduction is noteworthy in and of
itself, it has been accompanied by powerful data. Most
states that have downsized or closed facilities have been
able to save or reallocate money while protecting public
safety, due to the high expense of incarceration, and the
greater effectiveness of less costly community based
alternatives. Additionally, evidence shows that these

population reductions have not, as some have predicted, led
to an increase in youth crime; in fact, crime rates have
either remained steady or even declined, demonstrating an
increase in public safety. The simultaneous increase in
public safety and reduction of secure facility populations
is supported by research indicating that community-based
supervision is an effective as incarceration for youth who
have committed serious offenses.
Local Studies
According to Del tore (2011), authoritarian parenting
which is noted for having reduced watch is the relationship
a parent has with their child, may lead to less emphatic
method of discipline. Parents may want to show have control
and using harsh discipline maybe their way of demanding
respect from the child, they may also demand compliance to
the rules using harsh discipline maybe the only way they
believe they will attain it. On the other hand, an
authoritative parent, who notably has more warmth in their
relationship with their child, may use more subtle
techniques, such as negotiation, because of the type of
relationship they have with their children.
Capinpin, et. al (2011) made a study on the children in
conflict with the law in Bicol Region. The study concluded
that the involvement of children in the commission of crime

was often affected by environmental factors, peer factors,
advanced technology and enforcement factors. The different
indicators for environmental factors that affected the
children were: living in a community with high level of
criminality or drug use; poor implementation of vagrancy
and anti-squatting law; lack of recreation areas play
grounds that cater to children; neglect of concerned
authorities on the proliferation of night spots , beer
houses and videoke bars, and video game establishments;
poor implantation of livelihood programs for adults; armed
conflict; depressed communities; living in the area with
high poverty rate; deprived/ depressed community ; and
safety measures in the community.
The indicators for peer factors were: bad influence of
adults group to children; peer pressure/ rejection/ outcast
treatment of peers; poor peer relationship with parents and
family; gang membership; being unschooled; courier of
drugs; being exposed to child prostitution; poor
implementation of SK programs; commitment to delinquent
peers; and abusive peer relations. The advanced technology
indicators affecting children were: internet cafes not
prohibiting below 18 years old; access to porn; law against
porn videos/CDs; parental time on TV; LGU, PNP, NGO against
violation of pornography; RA 9775 (Child Pornography Law)

in internet, use of Internet without parents; self-
regulation of owners/ profit-seeking; violent
videos/themes; and unlicensed Internet cafes/ video and
karaoke bars. The home factors affecting children in the
commission of the crime were; parents awareness;
dysfunctional/broken families; lack of parental time;
values at home; big family; protection against child abuse,
exploitation and discrimination; CICL abused by parents,
guardians, teachers or person having care and custody of
the child; separated parents; early marriage and illiteracy
of parents; and family spiritual time. The law enforcement
factors affecting involvement of children in commission of
crimes were; vagrancy law, curfew and begging; trained PNP;
untrained LGU; criminal syndicate neutralization;
counselling service; RA 9755; lack of dedication; selected
enforcement; and lack of focus.
Placidos (2011) study effectiveness of the Cavite PPO
in the implementation of the procedures on children in
conflict with the law assessed the effectiveness of the
Cavite police provincial office in the implementation of
the procedures on children in conflict with the law. He
concluded that the Cavite PPO was effective in the
implementation of procedures for handling children exempted
from criminal liability; moderately effective in

implementing procedures for handling children not exempted
from criminal liability; effective in the implementation of
duties of a person in authority taking a child into
custody; moderately effective in handling the guidelines
for fingerprinting and photographing of the child; and
effective in implementing the confidentially of proceedings
and records.
On Global study on child poverty and disparities case
of the Philippines by UNICEF in 2012, in a country where
poverty is prevalent, Filipino children are vulnerable to
issues such as mortality, health, education, violence and
abuse, and forced labor. Under a host of environmental
issues bigger than they are, children can be adversely
affected by poverty in many ways. The link between high
population growth and poverty incidence has been
established by empirical studies showing that the larger
the family, the more likely it is to be poor. High
fertility is associated with decreasing investment in human
Capital; hence, children in large families do not usually
perform well in school, have poorer health, and are less
developed physically. Meanwhile, high level of corruption
reduce economic growth, distort the allocation of
resources, and affect the performance of government in many
aspects corruption has a pervasive and troubling impact on

the poor since it distorts public choices in favor of the
wealthy and powerful, and reduces the states Capacity to
provide social safety nets. There is also evidence that
economic benefits were not equitably shared and recent
studies have argued that an inequitable distribution of
wealth is a constraint to economic growth and development.
The exemption from criminal liability herein
established does not include exemption from civil
liability, which shall been forced in accordance with
existing law. (Published October 3, 2013)
Romero (2010) in his report in the Philippine Star
documented the clamor for the amendment of the law that
protects the rights of the children. According to him
several lawmakers in the Philippines are seeking to amend
the laws under the current juvenile justice system, primary
to lower the threshold age of youth aimed at in testifying
the drive against recruitment of children by criminal
syndicates.
Relevance of the Reviewed Literature and Studies to the
Present Investigation
In related literature, it talks the children in
conflict with the law and how the Department of social
Welfare managed the youth in different community/society.
Rehabilitation is one the solution for the children who

involved in different crimes and it is noted with the
local/foreign studies and local/foreign literature. DSWD
also prioritized the construction of transition homes or a
Youth Detention Home and developing the psychological
aspects of the children in conflict with the law.
The Social Welfare and development program utilizes the
family and society to respond the problem which is concern
to the children and youth.
The Studies also demonstrate that children have
multiple exposure to violence are at higher risk for mental
problems, behaviour, substance abuse and delinquent
behaviours.
Chapter 3
Methodology and Research Design
This chapter is a presentation of the methodology of
research and research design, as well as the sampling of
the respondents, tools for the data collection procedure,
instruments/ tools of measurement and the statistical
treatment of data.
Methodology of Research
To attain the objectives of the study, the researchers
utilized the descriptive method of research. Descriptive
type focus on studying and investigating what comprises an
object to determine its nature. This method or research is
applicable to the present study since its objective is to
evaluate the perception of EARIST students on the proposed
amendments on the law R.A No. 10630.
According to Calderon descriptive methods involves an
element of interpretation of mainly of significance of what
is describes, this description is often combined with
mainly of the data collected, which would be reported from 35
the objectives point of view and the base assumptions of
the project underway data must be subjected to the thinking
process in terms of ordered reasoning, he further stated
that survey otherwise known as normative survey, fact
finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation, it
is used to collect data about peoples behaviour,
practices, intention beliefs, attitudes, opinions, judgment
interest and perception, and then such data analyzed,
organized and interpreted.
Population and Sampling Scheme
The researchers made used of the multi stage sampling
scheme, which gives every member of the population the
chance to be chosen as part of the sample. The conclusion

derived from the data gathered through multi stage sampling
generalized the whole population.
Description of the Respondents
The respondents of this study were composed of one
group only, EARIST community has eight (8) colleges, and
the researchers will choose twenty (20) respondents from
each college for a total of one hundred sixty (160)
respondents. They were described as to their gender, age,
civil status, college, and year level.
Research Instrument
The major instrument that employed in gathering the
data is the questionnaire. Two sets of survey instrument
were distributed to the respondents.
Survey Questionnaire
Part I - Profile of the Respondents.
This was researchers instrument to gather data for the
description of the respondents of the study to be presented
in Chapter 3. They were described as to their age, gender,
civil status, college/course, and year level. The
instrument used on the presumption that respondents are
literate, clearly motivated, and willing to participate.

This answered SOP no. 1.
Part II Perception of the respondents on the proposed
amendment of R.A. No. 10630.
This instrument was questionnaire to know the
perception of the respondents on the proposed amendments of
R.A. No. 10630 in terms of psychological and sociological
aspects.
Interview guide questions
The researchers conducted an informal interview to the
group of respondent for some verification and justification
concerning to their ideas written in the questionnaire,
this interview provide additional data or information.
Library Research
Documentary analysis is a social research method and is
an important research tool in its own right and is an
invaluable part of most schemes of triangulation.
Validation of the Instrument
The instrument for this research study was validated
through the following:

1) The survey questionnaire was submitted to the
thesis professor for corrections, comments and
suggestions in the appropriateness of language
used, clarity of items, right direction and
constructions.
2) Corrections was incorporated in the final copy of
the survey questionnaires before dissemination to
the respondents.
Data gathering procedure
The following procedures were undertaken in gathering
data after the validation of the instrument:
1. A letter of request was sent for the concerned
authorities to allow the researchers to conduct an
evaluation within their respective jurisdiction.
2. The survey questionnaire prepared by the
researchers was circulated among the chosen
respondent and retrieved by the researchers after
the respondent finish answering.
3. The researchers was scanned, sorted and tallied the
responses; Tabulated and computed the data gathered
with the assistance of the statistician, adviser
and thesis professor.
4. Analyzed and interpreted the data and presented the
data in textual and tabular presentation with due

consideration of the sub-problems and hypothesis of
the study.
Statistical Treatment of Data
To make the result of this study understandable to
everyone, the gathered data was recorded, established and
interpreted through the use of the following statistical
procedures to attain an in-depth analysis of data:
Percentage. This was used to the profile of the
respondents such as age, gender, civil status,
college/course, and year level. The frequency and
percentage is use. These tools will be used for data
presentation as it reduces all number to a range from 0-100
and also translate data into standards form with a base of
100, for relative comparison.
Percentage (%)= F/N x 100
Where: % - Percentage
F Frequency of respondents
N Total number of respondents
Weighted mean. This was utilized to evaluate the
perception of EARIST students on the proposed amendment of

R.A. No. 10630. The specified questionnaire will be
completed by giving the weighted mean, using the following
formula:
X= fx
N
Where: X Weighted mean
f Frequency of respondents
x Item scale
N Total number of respondents
Weighted Mean was computed by summing the product of
item frequency multiplied by the weight of the item and
divided by the total number of respondents. These weighted
means were interpreted base on the Liker scale concept of
the boundary of numerals. The arbitrary scale is shown
below:
Descriptive
Scale Value Weight
Interpretation
Strongly
4.20-5.00 5
Agree
3.40-4.19 4 Agree
Moderate
2.60-3.39 3
Agree
Less
1.80-2.59 2
Disagree
Strongly
1.0-1.79 1
Disagree
For the significant differences on the assessment of
the respondents, the following were used;
1. the One Way Anova was be used to test the significant
difference on the perception of the respondents in
relation to sociological and psychological basis when
they are grouped according to age. Below is the
formula for One Way Anova:
MST
F=
MSE
Where;
F = Anova Coefficient
MST = Mean sum of squares due to treatment
MSE = Means sum of squares due to error.
Formula for MST is given below:
SST
MST =
p1
xx 2
SST = n
Where;
SST = Sum of squares due to treatment
P = Total number of populations
N = Total number of samples in a population.

Formula for MSE is given below:
SSE
MSE=
N P
S
2
SSE= ( n1)
Where;
SSE = Sum of squares due to error
S = Standard deviation of the samples
N = Total number of observations.
2. T-Test was be used to test the significant difference
on the perception of the respondents in relation to
sociological and psychological basis when they are
grouped according to gender. T-test is used to
compare two different set of values. It is generally
performed on a small set of data. T test is generally
applied to normal distribution which has a small set
of values. This test compares the mean of two samples.
T test uses means and standard deviations of two
samples to make a comparison. The formula for T test
is given below:
Where,
x1x1 = Mean of first set of values
x2x2 = Mean of second set of values
S1 = Standard deviation of first set of values
S2 = Standard deviation of second set of values
n1 = Total number of values in first set
n2 = Total number of values in second set.
Chapter 4
Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
This chapter presents, analyses and interprets the
data. Discussions were organized based on the statement of
the problem of this study according to the following
sequence: (1) demographic profile of the respondents based
on age, gender, civil status, college/course, and year
level; (2) perception on the proposed amendment of R.A.

10630 in terms of Psychological basis and sociological
basis; and (3)test of significant difference on the
amendments of R.A. 10630 if grouped according to their ages
and gender in relation to Psychological basis and
sociological basis.
Sub-problem No.1. What is the demographic profile of
the respondents based on the following:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender;
1.3 Civil Status;
1.5 Year Level?
Table 1 depicts the distribution of respondents by age.
Table 1
Frequency Distribution of Respondents
According to Age
Age Frequency Percentage
16-20 133 83.13
21-25 25 15.62
26-30 2 1.25
31-35 0 0
36 above 0 0
Total 160 100.0

As depicted in the data, majority of the respondents
fall under the age bracket of 16-20years old with a
frequency of 133 or 83.13%; it was followed by the 25 or
15.63%from the age bracket of 21-25 years old; and the age
group of 26-30 with 2 or 1.25%. There were no respondents
belong to age group31-35 and 36 above years. The age group
of 16-20 got the highest participants because these are the
ages where an individual go to college.
Table 2 reflects the distribution of respondents by
gender.
Table 2
According to Gender
Gender Total
Frequency Percentage
Male 67 41.88
Female 93 58.12
Total 160 100.0
As reflected in the table, the majority of the
respondents came from the female group supported by 93
participants or 58.12% while the male group was
participated by 67 individuals or 41.88%. The female group

had dominated in this study since most female continue
their study up to college compare male group.
Table 3
According to Status
Total
Civil Status Frequency Percentage
Single 159 99.37
Married 1 0.63
Widow/widower 0 0
Separated 0 0
Total 160 100.00
Table 3 illustrates the respondents by civil status.
As illustrated in the table, 159 or 99.38%are singled
respondents; 1 or 0.63%are married respondents; there were
no respondents belong to the group of widow/widower and
separated.
Table 4
According to Course
Total
Course Frequency Percentage
CPAC 23 14.38
CHM 20 12.5
CBA 15 9.38
CAFA 21 13.13
CED 26 16.25
CIT 17 10.63
CEN 19 11.88
CAS 19 11.85
TOTAL 160 100.00
Table 4 indicates the respondents by college/course.
As gleaned in the table, there were 26 or 16.25% from
CED; 23 or 14.38% came from CPAC; 21 or 13.13% from CAFA;
20 or 12.5% from CHM; 19 or 11.88% from CEN; 19 or 11.88%
from CAS; 17 or 10.63% from CIT; 15 or 9.38% from CBA
respondents.
Table 5
According to Year Level
Total
Year Level Frequency Percentage
1st 39 24.38
2nd 48 30
3rd 42 26.24
4th 31 19.38
5th 0 0
Total 160 100.0
Table 5 shows the respondents by year level.
As shown in the table, there were48 or 30% 2nd year
respondents; 42 or 26.25% 3rd year respondents;39 or 24.38%
1st year respondents; 31 or 19.38% 4th year respondents; and
there were no respondents belong to group 5th year.
Sub-problem No. 2.How do the respondents perceived the
proposed amendment of R.A. No. 10630 based on the
following:
Table 6 shows the respondents perception on the
proposed amendment of R.A. 10630 in terms of psychological
basis.
Table 6
Perception of EARIST Students on the Proposed
Amendment of Republic Act No. 10630 in
terms of Psychological Basis

Comp.
W.M.
Indicator Ran
k
WM VI
1. Lowering the MACR (Minimum Age of
Criminal Responsibility) served the 3.84 A 4
best interest of the child.
2. Lowering the MACR (Minimum Age of
Criminal Responsibility) gives
positive effect on the child as they
3.8 A 5
are view as one of valuable asset of
the society.
3. Children view MACR (Minimum Age of
Criminal Responsibility) as their
defense when they are apprehended by 3.99 A 2
authorities.
4. MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal
Responsibility) can deter/prevent the
4.11 A 1
commission of crimes.
5. Full maturity of the children does
not determine by the offense but
3.98 3
rather their age, physical and mental A
development.
COMPOSITE WEIGHTED
3.94 A
MEAN
As to the perception of the respondents on the
perception on the proposed amendment of RA 10630 in terms of
psychological basis, the rating given is 3.94 verbally
deduced as agree. The top most indicator that ranked 1 is
that MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) can
deter/prevent the commission of crimes perceived as agree
demonstrated by 4.11 mean score. Indicators like Children
view MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) as their
defense when they are apprehended by authorities; Full

maturity of the children does not determine by the offense
but rather their age, physical and mental development;
Lowering the MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility)
served the best interest of the child; and Lowering the MACR
(Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) gives positive
effect on the child as they are view as one of valuable
asset of the society were observed as agree verified by
ratings of 3.99, 3.98, 3.84 and 3.80 which landed on ranked
2, 3, 4 and 5.
Table 7 depicts the respondent perception on the
proposed amendment of R.A. 10630 in terms of Sociological
basis.
Table 7
Perception of EARIST Students on the Proposed
Amendment of Republic Act No. 10630 in
terms of Sociological Basis
Comp.W.M.
Indicator Ran
WM VI k
1. The long term effect of lowering the 3.81 A
MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal 5
Responsibility) served the best

interest of the public.
2. The use of media, such as social
media/TV/radio/newspaper/internet and
in any other form influences the minds 4.03 A
4
of the child and so what they saw and
practice in real.
Responsibility) decrease the crimes 4.09 A
3
committed by children.
Responsibility) develops a broad range
4.11 A 2
of alternative measures to detention
used as a measure of last resort.
5. Minors are being used by syndicates
in their crimes because children could 4.18 A 1
not be held criminally liable.
COMPOSITE WEIGHTED MEAN 4.04 A
Legend:
Option Range Verbal Interpretation Symbol
5 4.20 5.00 Strongly Agree SA
4 3.40 4.19 Agree A
3 2.60 3.39 Moderate Agree MA
2 1.80 2.59 Disagree DA
1 1.00 1.79 Strongly Disagree SDA
sociological basis, the rating given is 4.04 verbally
interpreted as agree. The top most indicator that ranked 1
is that Minors are being used by syndicates in their crimes
because children could not be held criminally liable
perceived as agree demonstrated by 4.18 mean score.
Indicators like MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal
Responsibility) develops a broad range of alternative
measures to detention used as a measure of last resort; MACR
(Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) decrease the crimes

committed by children; The use of media, such as social
media/TV/radio/newspaper/internet and in any other form
influences the minds of the child and so what they saw and
practice in real; and The long term effect of lowering the
MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) served the
best interest of the public were observed as agree verified
by ratings of 4.11, 4.09, 4.03 and 3.81 which landed on
ranked 2,3,4 and 5.
proposed amendments of R.A 10630 in relation to the above
mentioned variables when they are group according to their
age group?
Table 8 discussed the perception on the proposed
amendments of R.A. 10630 in relation to psychological when
grouped according to age.
As showed in the table, the perception on the proposed
amendment of R.A 10630 in relation to psychological basis
of age group 16-20 was agree supported by a mean score of
3.72.
The top most indicator was Lowering the MACR (Minimum
Age of Criminal Responsibility) served the best interest of
the child garnered a mean score of 3.8 verbally interpreted
as agree. It was followed by the indicators that MACR
(Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) can deter/prevent
the commission of crimes; Children view MACR (Minimum Age
of Criminal Responsibility) as their defense when they are
apprehended by authorities; Lowering the MACR (Minimum Age
of Criminal Responsibility) gives positive effect on the
child as they are view as one of valuable asset of the
society; and Full maturity of the children does not
determine by the offense but rather their age, physical and
mental development were rated as agree evidenced by 3.77,
3.69, 3.67 and 3.65 individually.
Table 8
Perception on the Proposed Amendments of R.A. 10630 in

relation to Psychological when Grouped According to Age
Indicators 16-20 21-25 26-30 COMP.W.M R
A
WM VI WM VI WM VI WM VI N
K
Lowering the MACR
(Minimum Age of
Criminal
Responsibility) 3.8 A 3.73 A 3 M.A 3.51 A 3
served the best
interest of the
child.
Lowering the MACR
(Minimum Age of
Criminal
Responsibility)
gives positive
3.67 A 3.58 A 3 M.A 3.42 A 4
effect on the
child as they are
view as one of
valuable asset of
the society.
Children view
MACR (Minimum Age
of Criminal
Responsibility)
3.69 A 3.65 A 3.5 A 3.61 A 2
as their defense
when they are
apprehended by
authorities.
MACR (Minimum Age
of Criminal
Responsibility)
3.77 A 3.62 A 2.5 A 3.3 M.A 5
can deter/prevent
the commission of
crimes.
Full maturity of
the children does
not determine by
the offense but
3.65 A 3.77 A 3.5 A 3.64 A 1
rather their age,
physical and
mental
development.
COMPOSITE
WEIGHTED 3.72 A 3.67 A 3.1 M.A 3.5 A
MEAN
On the other hand, 21-25 years of age group perceived
the proposed amendment of RA 10630 as agree reinforced by a
rating of 3.67.
It was revealed that the top most indicators under the
age bracket of 21-25 is that Full maturity of the children

does not determine by the offense but rather their age,
physical and mental development with rating of 3.77 decoded
as agree. It was followed by indicator such as Lowering
the MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) served
the best interest of the child; Children view MACR (Minimum
Age of Criminal Responsibility) as their defense when they
are apprehended by authorities; MACR (Minimum Age of
Criminal Responsibility) can deter/prevent the commission
of crimes; and Lowering the MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal
Responsibility) gives positive effect on the child as they
are view as one of valuable asset of the society. These
indicators perceived as agree with scores of 3.73, 3.65,
3.62 and 3.58 respectively.
On the perception of respondents on the age group of
26-30, a rating of a mean score of 3.1 was given decoded as
moderately agree.
The two top most indicators that got the highest
perception on the age bracket of 26-30 were indicators like
Children view MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal
Responsibility) as their defense when they are apprehended
by authorities and Full maturity of the children does not
determine by the offense but rather their age, physical and
mental development. These indicators were given equally
rating of 3.5 interpreted as agree. This were again

followed by the same rating of 3.0 translated as agreed by
indicators such Lowering the MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal
Responsibility) served the best interest of the child and
Lowering the MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility)
gives positive effect on the child as they are view as one
of valuable asset of the society. Indicator MACR (Minimum
Age of Criminal Responsibility) can deter/prevent the
commission of crimes got the lowest perception showed by
means score of 2.5 as interpreted of disagree.
As to the overall perception on the proposed amendments
of R.A. 10630 in relations to Psychological Basis when
grouped according to age, the rating given is 3.5 verbally
interpreted as agree. The top most indicator that ranked 1
was that Full maturity of the children does not determine
by the offense but rather their age, physical and mental
development as agree demonstrated by 3.64 mean score.
Indicators like Children view MACR (Minimum Age of
Criminal Responsibility) as their defense when they are
of Criminal Responsibility) served the best interest of the
child; and Lowering the MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal
are view as one of valuable asset of the society were
observed as agree verified by ratings of 3.61, 3. 51 and

3.42 which landed on ranked 2, 3 and 4. Indicator that
ranked 5 was that MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal
Responsibility) can deter/prevent the commission of crimes
with ratings of 3.3 decoded as moderately agree.
Table 9 discussed the perception on the proposed
amendments of R.A. 10630 in relation to sociological basis
when grouped according to age.
Table 9
Perception on the Proposed Amendments of R.A. 10630 in
relation to Sociological Basis when Grouped
According to Age
16-20 21-25 26-30 COMP.W.M

Indicators RANK
WM VI WM VI WM VI WM VI
The long term 3.82 A 3.83 A 4 A 3.88 A 3
effect of
lowering the
MACR (Minimum
Age of Criminal
Responsibility)
served the best
interest of the
public.
The use of
media, such as
social
media/TV/radio/n
ewspaper/interne
t and in any
other form 3.91 A 3.92 A 4 A 3.94 A 2
influences the
minds of the
child and so
what they saw
and practice in
real.
MACR (Minimum
Age of Criminal
Responsibility)
3.7 A 3.75 A 4.5 S.A 3.98 A 1
decrease the
crimes committed
by children.
MACR (Minimum
Age of Criminal
Responsibility)
develops a broad
range of
3.58 A 3.52 A 3.5 A 3.53 A 5
alternative
measures to
detention used
as a measure of
last resort.
Minors are being
used by
syndicates in
their crimes
3.96 A 4.16 A 3.5 A 3.87 A 4
because children
could not be
held criminally
liable.
COMPOSITE
WEIGHTED 3.79 A 3.84 A 3.9 A 3.84 A
MEAN
As viewed in the table, the perception on the proposed
amendment of R.A 10630 in relation to sociological basis of
age group 16-20 was agree supported by a mean score of
3.79.
The most top indicator was that Minors are being used
by syndicates in their crimes because children could not be
held criminally liable garnered a mean score of 3.96
verbally construed as agree. It was followed by the
indicator that The use of media, such as social
practice in real; The long term effect of lowering the MACR
(Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) served the best
interest of the public; MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal
Responsibility) decrease the crimes committed by children;
and MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) develops
a broad range of alternative measures to detention used as
a measure of last resort were rated as agree evidenced by
3.91, 3.82, 3.70 and 3. 58 respectively.
On the other hand, 21-25 years of age group perceived
the proposed amendment of RA 10630 as agree reinforced by a
rating of 3.84
It was presented that indicator under the age bracket
of 21-25 is that Minors are being used by syndicates in
their crimes because children could not be held criminally
liable as the top indicator with the rating of 4.16 decoded
as agree. It was followed by indicators such as The use of
media, such as social media/TV/radio/newspaper/internet and

in any other form influences the minds of the child and so
what they saw and practice in real; The long term effect of
lowering the MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility)
served the best interest of the public; MACR (Minimum Age
of Criminal Responsibility) decrease the crimes committed
by children; and MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal
measures to detention used as a measure of last resort.
These indicators were perceived as agree with score of
3.92, 3.83, 3.75 and 52 individually.
26-30, a rating of a mean score of 3.9 was given decoded as
agree.
The indicator under the age bracket of 26-30 that MACR
(Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) decrease the
crimes committed by children as the top most indicator with
the rating of 4.5 decoded as strongly agree. It was
followed by indicators such as the use of media, such as
social media/TV/radio/newspaper/internet and in any other
form influences the minds of the child and so what they saw
and practice in real and The long term effect of lowering
the MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) served
the best interest of the public. These indicators were
given equally rating of 4.0 interpreted as agreeing. This

were again followed by the same rating of 3.5 translated as
agreed by indicators such Minors are being used by
syndicates in their crimes because children could not be
held criminally liable and MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal
measures to detention used as a measure of last resort.
As to the overall perception on the proposed amendments
of R.A 10630 in relations to Sociological Basis when group
according to age, the rating given was 3.84 verbally
deduced as agree. The top most indicator that ranked 1 is
that MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility)
decrease the crimes committed by children perceived as
agree demonstrated by 3.98 mean score. Indicators like The
use of media, such as social
interest of the public; Minors are being used by syndicates
in their crimes because children could not be held
criminally liable; and MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal
measures to detention used as a measure of last resort were

observed as agree verified by ratings of 3.94, 3.88, 3.87
and 3.53 which landed on ranked 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Table 10 shows the summary of the perception on the
proposed amendments of R.A. 10630 in relation to
sociological and psychological basis when grouped according
to age group.
Table 10
Summary of the Perception on the Proposed Amendments of
R.A. 10630 in relation to Sociological and Psychological
Basis when Grouped According to Age
COMPOSITE
16-20 21-25 26-30 RA
CRITERIA W.M
NK
WM VI WM VI WM VI WM VI
Psychological 3.72 A 3.67 A 3.1 M.A 3.5 A 2
Sociological 3.79 A 3.84 A 3.9 A 3.84 A 1
COMPOSITE
WEIGHTED MEAN 3.76 A 3.76 A 3.5 A 3.67 A
Reflected in the table, the perception on the proposed
amendments of R.A. 10630 in relation to psychological and
sociological basis of age group 16-20 was agree supported
by a mean score of 3.76
The top most criteria in psychological basis in age
bracket 16-20 moderately agree. It was followed by the
criteria of sociological basis in age bracket of 16-2-, 21-

25 and 26-30 years of age with ratings of 3.79, 3.84 and 3.
9 decoded as agree.
Overall weighted mean in the criteria of psychological
and sociological basis with the ratings of 3.67 verbally
interpreted as agree. The top most criteria that ranked 1
is the sociological basis perceived as agree demonstrated
by 3.84 mean score. It was followed by the criteria of
psychological basis with the ratings of 3.5 decoded as
agree and ranked 2 respectively.
proposed amendments of R.A 10630 in relation to the afore-
mentioned variables when they are group according to their
gender?
Table 11 describes the perception made by the
respondents on the proposed amendments of R.A. 10630 if they
are grouped according to their gender in relation to
Psychological and Sociological Basis.
Table 11
Perception on the Proposed Amendments of R.A. 10630
in relation to Psychological Basis when

grouped According to Gender
Indicator Male Female Comp.W.M. Rank
1. Lowering the MACR WM VI WM VI WM VI

(Minimum Age of
Criminal
Responsibility) 4.01 A 3.66 A 3.84 A 4
served the best
interest of the
child.
2. Lowering the MACR
(Minimum Age of
Criminal
Responsibility) gives 3.84 A 3.76 A 3.8 A 5
positive effect on
the child as they are
view as one of
valuable asset of the
society.
3. Children view MACR
(Minimum Age of
Criminal 4.3 S.A 3.67 A 3.99 A 2
Responsibility) as
their defense when
they are apprehended
by authorities.
4. MACR (Minimum Age
of Criminal
Responsibility) can 3.93 A 4.29 S.A 4.11 A 1
deter/prevent the
commission of crimes.
5. Full maturity of
the children does not
determine by the 3.97 A 3.98 A 3.98 A 3
offense but rather
their age, physical
and mental
development.
COMPOSITE WEIGHTED 4.01 A 3.87 A 3.94 A
MEAN
Reflected in the table, the male respondents agree on the
proposed amendment of RA 10630 in terms of psychological
basis supported by a mean score of 4.01.
The top indicator was Children view MACR (Minimum Age
of Criminal Responsibility) as their defense when they are
apprehended by authorities garnering a mean of score of

4.30 verbally interpreted as strongly agree. It was
followed by the indicators that Lowering the MACR (Minimum
the child; Full maturity of the children does not determine
by the offense but rather their age, physical and mental
development; MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility)
can deter/prevent the commission of crimes; Lowering the
MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) gives
positive effect on the child as they are view as one of
valuable asset of the society were rated as agree evidenced
by 4.01, 3.97, 3.93 and 3.84 respectively.
On the other hand, the female respondent assessment
was agree supported by 3.87 mean score. Indicators that
MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) can
deter/prevent the commission of crimes as the top indicator
with rating of 4.29 decoded as strongly agree. It was
followed by indicators such as Full maturity of the
children does not determine by the offense but rather their
age, physical and mental development; Lowering the MACR
(Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) gives positive
effect on the child as they are view as one of valuable
asset of the society; Children view MACR (Minimum Age of

of Criminal Responsibility) served the best interest of the
child. These indicators were perceived as agree with scores
of 3.98, 3.76, 3.67 and 3.66 individually.
As to the overall perception of the male and female
respondents on the perception on the proposed amendment of
RA 10630 in terms of psychological basis, the rating given
is 3.87 verbally interpreted as agree. The top most
indicator that ranked 1 is that MACR (Minimum Age of
Criminal Responsibility) can deter/prevent the commission
of crimes as agree demonstrated by 4.11 means score.
Indicators like Children view MACR (Minimum Age of
apprehended by authorities; Full maturity of the children
does not determine by the offense but rather their age,
physical and mental development; Lowering the MACR (Minimum
the child; and Lowering the MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal
are view as one of valuable asset of the society were
observed as agree verified by ratings of 3.99, 3.98, 3.84
and 3.8 which landed on ranked 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Table 12 describes the perception made by the
respondents on the proposed amendments of R.A. 10630 if they

are grouped according to their gender in relation to
Psychological and Sociological Basis.
Table 12
Perception on the Proposed Amendments of R.A. 10630
in relation to Sociological Basis when
grouped According to Gender
Indicator
Male Female Comp.W.M.
Rank
1. The long term effect of WM VI WM VI WM VI

lowering the MACR (Minimum
Age of Criminal
Responsibility) served the 3.99 A 3.62 A 3.81 A 5
best interest of the
public.
2. The use of media, such
as social
media/TV/radio/newspaper/i
nternet and in any other 4.03 A 4.02 A 4.03 A 4
form influences the minds
of the child and so what
they saw and practice in
real.
3. MACR (Minimum Age of
Criminal Responsibility)
decrease the crimes 4.21 S.A 3.97 A 4.09 A 3
committed by children.
4. MACR (Minimum Age of
Criminal Responsibility)
develops a broad range of
alternative measures to 2
detention used as a 3.91 A 4.3 S.A 4.11 A
measure of last resort.
5. Minors are being used
by syndicates in their
crimes because children 1
could not be held 4.24 S.A 4.12 A 4.18 A
criminally liable.
COMPOSITE WEIGHTED 4.08 A 4.01 A 4.04 A

MEAN
As showed in the table, the male respondents agree on
the proposed amendment of RA 10630 in terms of sociological
basis supported by a mean score of 4.08.
The top indicators was that Minors are being used by
syndicates in their crimes because children could not be
held criminally liable garnering a mean score of 4.24

verbally construed as strongly agree. It was followed by the
indicator that MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal
Responsibility) decrease the crimes committed by children
with the average score of 4.21 interpreted as strongly
agree. Indicators that The use of media, such as social
interest of the public; MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal
measures to detention used as a measure of last resort were
rated as agree evidenced by 4.04, 3.99 and 3.91
respectively.
On the other hand, the female respondent assessment
was agree evidenced by 4.01 mean score. Indicator that the
MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) develops a
broad range of alternative measures to detention used as a
measure of last resort as the top indicator with the rating
of 4.30 decoded as strongly agree. It was followed by
indicators such as Minors are being used by syndicates in
their crimes because children could not be held criminally
liable; The use of media, such as social

practice in real; MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal
Responsibility) decrease the crimes committed by children;
The long term effect of lowering the MACR (Minimum Age of
Criminal Responsibility) served the best interest of the
public. These indicators were perceived as agree with scores
of 4.12, 4.02, 3.97 and 3.62 individually.
respondents on the perception on the proposed amendment of
RA 10630 in terms of sociological basis, the rating given is
4.04 verbally interpreted as agree. The top most indicator
that ranked 1 is that Minors are being used by syndicates
in their crimes because children could not be held
criminally liable perceived as agree demonstrated by 4.18
mean score. Indicators like MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal
measures to detention used as a measure of last resort; MACR
(Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) decrease the crimes
committed by children; The use of media, such as social
practice in real; and The long term effect of lowering the
MACR (Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility) served the
best interest of the public were observed as agree verified

by ratings of 4.11, 4.09, 4.03 and 3.81 which landed on
ranked 2,3,4 and 5.
Table 13 shows the summary of the perception on the
proposed amendments of R.A. 10630 in relation to
sociological and psychological basis when grouped according
to gender group.
Table 13
Summary of the Perception on the Proposed Amendments of
R.A. 10630 in relation to Sociological and Psychological
Basis when Grouped According to Age
CRITERIA MALE FEMALE COMP.W.M RANK

WM VI WM VI WM VI
Psychologica 4.0 3.8 3.9 2
A A A
l 1 7 4
4.0 4.0 4.0 1
Sociological A A A
8 1 4
COMPOSITE
4.0 3.9 3.9
WEIGHTED A A A
5 4 9
MEAN
The perception of male respondent in criteria
psychological basis is agree with weighted mean of 4.01
while female respondent agree in the perception of proposed
amendment of RA 10630 with weighted mean of 3.87 then male
respondent in sociological basis with weighted mean of 4.08
was verbally interpreted as agree while the female
respondents with weighted mean of 4.01 as interpreted of

agree in the criteria of sociological basis. Composite
weighted mean are same with an agree but differ with a
weighted mean of 4.05 in male and 3.94 in female.
The overall composite weighted mean in the criteria
of psychological and sociological basis in male and female
respondent with the average of 3.99 was interpreted of
agree.
5. Is there any significant difference on the
and gender in relation to afore-mentioned variables?
Table 14 shows the test of significant difference on the
Table 14
Test of Significant Difference of the Respondents
when Grouped according to their Ages
SOURCE OF F
SS MS LOS CV DECISION
VARIATION RATIO
0.045
Between 3.67
1 0.401 9.5 ACCEPT
5%
0.045 0.112 6 5 Ho
Within
1 3
The table shows the significant different test on the
assessment of the group of respondents when grouped
according to age. As shown, the sum of squares between is
3.67 and the sum of the square within is 0.0451. The men of
the square between are 0.0451 and men of the square within
are 0.1123. The computed F Ratio is 0.4016 and at level of
significance is 5%, critical value is 9.55, since F is less
than the critical value, hypothesize accept Ho.
Therefore, there is no significant difference on the
in relation to psychological and sociological basis.
Table 15 shows the test of significant difference on
the perception made by the respondents on the proposed
gender
Table 15
Test of Significant Difference of the Respondents
when Grouped according to their Gender
MALE GROUP FEMALE GROUP COM TAB

WM VAR V WM VAR V P T LO T DECISIO
I I S N
4.0 0.002 3.9 0.009 1.9 ACCEPT
A A 1.4 5%
5 5 4 8 6 Ho
As shown in the table, the first group of respondents
are male whose weighted mean is 4.05, variance of 0.0025
and with a verbal interpretation as agree. The second group
of respondents are female whose weighted mean of 3.94,
variance is 0.0098 and verbally interpreted as agree. The
computed t value is 1.4 while the tabular t value is 1.96
at 5% LOS. Since, the computed t value is less than the
table t value, the null hypothesis is accepted.
Therefore, there is no significant difference on the
gender in relation to psychological and sociological basis.
Chapter 5
Summary of findings, Conclusions, and Recommendation
This chapter focuses on the summary of the data
gathered, their respective conclusions and recommendations.
The presentation of the results were patterned from the
statement of the problem which was presented earlier in
chapter one and reproduced here. The objectives of this

research focused on the " Perception of EARIST students on
the proposed amendment of R.A. No. 10630: An analysis."
Statement of the Problem
This study determined the perception of EARIST Student
on the proposed amendment of R.A. 10630.
Specifically, it sought answers to the following sub
questions;
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents
in terms of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender;
1.3 Civil Status;
1.5 Year Level?
2. How do the respondents perceived the proposed
amendment of R.A. 10630 in terms of:
2.1 Psychological basis; and
2.2 Sociological basis;
proposed amendments of R.A 10630 in relation to the
above mentioned variables when they are group according
to their age?
proposed amendments of R.A 10630 in relation to the

afore-mentioned variables when they are group according
to their gender?
5. Is there any significant difference on the
ages and gender in relation to afore-mentioned
variables?
Summary of Finding
With respect the data gathered, the researchers have
come up with the following results:
1. Profile of the respondents based on the following:

1. 1 Age
Majority the respondents fall under the age bracket of
16-20 years old with a frequency of 133 or 83.13%. Because
the respondents involved in this study were college
students. The age bracket of 16-20 were normally an
individual went to college.
1.2 Gender
Majority of the respondents came from the female group
supported by 93 participants or 58.12% while the male group
was participated by 67 individuals or 41.88%. The female
group had dominated in this study since most female
continue their study up to college compare male group.
1.3 Civil Status

Data shows that 159 or 99.37% are singled respondents;
1 or 0.63% are married respondents. This is for the reason
that majority of the individuals pursuing their studies
were singles.
1.4 College/Course
There were 26 or 16.25% from CED; 23 or 14.38% came
from CPAC; 21 or 13.13% from CAFA; 20 or 12.5% from CHM; 19
or 11.88% from CEN; 19 or 11.88% from CAS; 17 or 10.63%
from CIT; 15 or 9.38% from CBA respondents.
1.5 Year Level
There were 48 or 30% 2nd year respondents; 42 or 26.25%
3rd year respondents; 39 or 24.38% 1st year respondents; 31
or 19.38% 4th year respondents; and there were no
respondents belong to group 5th year.
2. Perception of the Respondents on the proposed
Amendment of R.A. No. 10630 based on the following:
2.1 Psychological Basis
perception on the proposed amendment of RA 10630 in
terms of psychological basis was agree.
2.2 Sociological Basis
sociological basis was agree.

3. Perception of the Respondents on the Proposed
Amendments of R.A 10630 if grouped according to their Age
The perception on the proposed amendment of R.A 10630
in relation to psychological basis of age group 16-20
was agree. On the other hand, 21-25 years of age group
perceived the proposed amendment of RA 10630 as agree
reinforced. On the perception of respondents on the age
group of 26-30, the perception was moderately agree.
Nevertheless, the overall perception on the proposed
amendments of R.A. 10630 in relations to Psychological
Basis when grouped according to age was agree.
The perception on the proposed amendment of R.A 10630
in relation to sociological basis of age group 16-20
was agree. On the other hand, 21-25 years of age group
perceived the proposed amendment of RA 10630 as agree.
26-30, a rating of a mean score of 3.9 was given
decoded as agree. However, as to the overall
perception on the proposed amendments of R.A 10630 in
relations to Sociological Basis when group according to
age was agree.

4. Perception of the Respondents on the Proposed
Amendments of R.A 10630 if grouped according to their
Gender
The male respondents agree on the proposed amendment
of RA 10630. On the other hand, On the other hand, the
female respondent assessment was agree. As to the
overall perception of the male and female respondents
on the perception on the proposed amendment of RA 10630
in terms of psychological basis, was agree.
The male respondents agree on the proposed amendment
of RA 10630 in terms of sociological. On the other
hand, the female respondent assessment was agree. As to
the overall perception of the male and female
respondents on the perception on the proposed amendment
of RA 10630 in terms of sociological basis, perception
was agree.
5. Test of significant difference on the perception
made by the respondents on the proposed amendments of R.A.
10630 if group on the following;
5.1 Age
There is no significant difference on the perception

relation to psychological and sociological basis.
5.2 Gender
R.A. 10630 if grouped according to their gender in
Conclusions
After performing all necessary steps and procedures in
conducting the study, the researchers came up with the
following conclusions:
1. Profile of the respondents
Majority the respondents fall under the age bracket of
16-20 years old and majority came from the female group,
single and majority came the College of Teacher Education
belonging to 2nd year academic level.
2. Perception of the Respondents on the proposed Amendment
of R.A. No. 10630 based on
terms of psychological basis was agree.

terms of sociological basis was agree.
3. Perception of the Respondents on the Proposed Amendments
of R.A 10630 if grouped according to their Age
The overall perception on the proposed amendments of
R.A. 10630 in relations to Psychological Basis when
grouped according to age was agree.
The overall perception on the proposed amendments of
R.A 10630 in relations to Sociological Basis when group
according to age was agree.
4. Perception of the Respondents on the Proposed Amendments
of R.A 10630 if grouped according to their Gender
of RA 10630 in terms of psychological basis was agree.
of RA 10630 in terms of sociological basis, perception
was agree.
5. Test of significant difference on the perception made by
the respondents on the proposed amendments of R.A. 10630 if
group on the following;
5.1 Age
5.2 Gender
R.A. 10630 if grouped according to their gender in
Recommendation
In the light of the findings and conclusion drawn
above, the following recommendations were drawn:
1. On the psychological aspect

1.1 The lawmakers proposing for the amendment of the
RA 10630 must carefully study what provisions
will be amend. They must focus not on the child
but on the parents of the child who will violate
the law.
1.2 The child also a victim, therefore the government
must find a way help them on the long term
effect.
1.3 The parental counselling must be strengthen. The
Parents must know their role and responsibilities
of being a parent. They must learn how to raise
child in a good and proper way.

2. On sociological aspects
2.1 The government must look on the area where most
of the youth offender came from. They must create
programs for the less fortunate ones in providing
good homes, recreation facilities and making the
environment a better place to live.

2.2 The government must create more jobs in the
Philippines so that the Filipino family will not
go far from their places to earn for their
family. The parents will afford to give their
child a good life.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. BOOKS
Asalan, Jamilla Gay L., Beringa, Jr., Virgilio A., Yang,
Bryan T., Bolante, Raul B., Introduction to Criminology and
Psychology of Crimes
Asalan, Jamilla Gay L., Beringa, Jr., Virgilio A., Yang,
Bryan T., Bolante, Raul B., Understanding Juvenile
Delinquency
B.THESIS/DISSERTATION
Perceived Effectiveness of the Intervention Program of
Manila Department of Social Welfare for Children in
Conflict with the Law (2014) by Cagunot , Jaime C., Garbin,
Jessabel B., Robiso, Jhoy Ann G., Telada, Roxan R.

PSupt. Dela Crus, Christian V. (2013), Handling of Children
in Conflict with the Law by the Quezon City Police District
Womens and Childrens Protection Desk: Basis for a Pro-
Active Response to Juvenile Delinquency
Perceived Effectiveness of the Intervention Program of
Manila Department of Social Welfare for Children in
Conflict with the Law (2013) by Alcantara, Marjorie B.,
Elano, Bianca Jane C., Sausa, Anna Marie L., Valdez, Mary
Rose N.
WEBSITES
www.academia.edu/7359581/Boardered_Thesis
www.criminal.findlaw.com/juvenile-justice/juvenile-
delinquents.html
www.studymode.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Be0PH8UVaV4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?/v=HUT9HqqGUdq
https://www.youtube.com/watch?/v=tlEQuaL82k
APPENDICES
Appendix A
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
THE PERCEPTION OF EULOGIO AMANG RODRIGUEZINSTITUTE
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYSTUDENTS ON THE
PROPOSEDAMENDMENT OF REPUBLIC
ACT NO. 10630: AN ANALYSIS
Dear Respondent:
The undersigned is presently conducting their study in
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology. In connection thereof,
they are requesting your utmost cooperation and support by
answering the herein attached questionnaire checklist.
This questionnaire seeks to analyse the perception of
EARIST students on the proposed amendment of Republic Act
No. 10630 An act Strengthening the Juvenile Justice System

in the Philippines amending for the purpose Republic Act No.
9344 otherwise known as the Juvenile Justice and Welfare
Act of 2006.
Rest assured that your answer will be treated with
strict confidentiality.
Thank you very much.
Part I. Demographic Profile
Direction: Please put a check () on the space provided that
corresponds to your answer.
Name (Optional): _________________________________

A Age B. Gender C. Civil Status
_____ 16-20 _____ Male _____ Single
_____ 21-25 _____ Female _____ Married
_____ 26-30 _____ Widowed
_____ 31-35 _____Separated
_____ 36 and above
D. College/Course
_____CPAC _____BS Crim ______CBA _____BSOA
_____BPA _____BSBA
_____BSEM
_____CHM _____BST
_____BSHM _____CAFA _____BSA
_____BSID
_____BFA
_____CED _____BSE
_____BE Ed
_____CEN _____BS ChemEng _____CIT_____BSIT

_____BS CivEng
_____BS ElecEng _____CAS _____BS CS
_____BSComEng _____BSMATH
_____BSMechEng _____BS IP
_____BSCompEng _____BS AP
E. Year Level
_____ 1st year
_____ 2nd year
_____ 3rd year
_____ 4thyear
_____ 5th year
Part II. Respondent assessment to the perception to
proposed amendment on Republic Act No. 10630: an analysis
Direction: Please put checks to the column that correspond
your answers using the scale below:
5 - Strongly Agree
4 - Agree
3 - Moderate Agree
2 - Disagree
1 - Strongly Disagree
1 Psychological Basis
Indicators
1. Lowering the
MACR (Minimum Age

of Criminal
Responsibility)
served the best
interest of the
child.
2. Lowering the
MACR (Minimum Age
of Criminal
Responsibility)
gives positive
effect on the
child as they are
view as one of
valuable asset of
the society.
3. Children view
MACR (Minimum Age
of Criminal
Responsibility) as
their defense when
they are
apprehended by
authorities.
4. MACR (Minimum
Age of Criminal
Responsibility)
can deter/prevent
the commission of
crimes.
5. Full maturity
of the children
does not determine
by the offense but
rather their age,
physical and
mental
development.
2 Sociological Basis
Indicators
1. The long term
effect of lowering
MACR (Minimum Age
of Criminal
Responsibility)
served the best
interest of the
public
2. The use of
media, such as
social
media/TV/radio/new
s paper/internet
and in any other
form influences
the minds of the
child, and so what
they saw and
practice in real.
3. MACR (Minimum
Age of Criminal
Responsibility)
decrease the
crimes committed
by children.
4. MACR (Minimum
Age of Criminal
Responsibility)
develops a broad
range of
alternative
measures to
detention used as
a measure of last
resort.
5. Minors are
being used by
syndicates in
their crime
because children
could not be held
criminally liable.
CURRICULUM VITAE
MARK ANDREW A. CALISTE

Black 40 Martinez St., Wellfareville Compound Barangay
Additionhills Mandaluyong City
E-mail Add: Macdrew Caliste
Mobile No.: 09469014007
Objectives:
To obtain a job position, where I can maximize my
knowledge, utilize my skills and enhance my ability to work
well with other people.
Personal information:
Date of Birth : April 4, 1991

Birth Place : San Juan city
Age : 25 years old
Citizenship : Filipino
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Weight : 75 kls
Height : 59
Educational Attainment:
Tertiary : EULOGIO AMANG RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE

OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Nagtahan, Sampaloc Manila
(SY 2013 UP TO PRESENT)
Secondary : Mataas na Paaralang Neptali A.

Gonzales (MPNAG)
(SY 2003 2007)
Primary : Nueve de pebrero Elementary School
(SY 1997 2003)
____________________________
Mark Andrew A. Caliste
CURRICULUM VITAE
EDUARDO C. LOMBOY JR
Philippine Address : 830 Luzon Street Tondo, Manila
Email Address : sevenclaros@yahoo.com
Mobile no : 09162958746
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birth Date : 27 yrs old

Age : July 2, 1989
Gender : Male
Height : 55
Status : Single
Birth Place : Manila City
Extensive years of working experience as Document Controller & Liason Officer and
also experience working in private office staff and electronic data prossesor. Literate in computer
application such as MS Office Applications. Consultant About in Government Documents
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINTMENT
Tertiary
EARIST Eulogio Amang Rodriguez Institute

of Science and Technology Enrolled 2013-2017
Sta Mesa, Nagtahan Manila
Secondary
Cayetano Arellano High School 2002-2006

T. Alonzo St. Sta Cruz
Primary
Gregorio del Pilar Elementary 1996-2002

Jose Abad Santos St. Sta Cruz Manila
CHARACTER REFERENCES
Name Address
1. Fr. Johny Molina LRMS San Jose de Trozo church, Sta. Cruz. Manila
2. Maristela P. Abenojar, RN, MAN Department of Health- NCDPC, Manila
3. Atty. Remilito Dela Cruz Marquina St. cor Dasmarinas, Binondo
I hereby declare that all information are true and correct to the best of my
knowledge and belief.
________
Eduardo Claros Lomboy Jr.
CURRICULUM VITAE
DARELL L. REYES
#2377 Dama de Noche St., Malate, Manila
E-mail Add: Gucci.reyes@yahoo.com
Mobile No.: 09398972451
Objectives:
To obtain a job position, where I can maximize my
knowledge, utilize my skills and enhance my ability to work
well with other people.
Personal information:
Date of Birth : February 18, 1996

Birth Place : Manila
Age : 19 years old
Religion : Christian
Weight : 62 kls
Height : 55

Secondary : San Rafael National High School
(SY 2009 20013)

Primary : San Rafael National High School
(SY 2002 2008)
Significant Skills and Characteristics:
Can handle certainties well with the nice interpersonal

skills and attitude
Hard working, patient centered and goal oriented
Willing to be trained, committed, self-motvated,
trustworthy. Passionate to work and committed.
__________________
Darell L. Reyes
CURRICULUM VITAE
LOUIE GENN R. VARGAS

Brgy. Ulat Silang, Cavite
E-mail Add: louiegenn_vargas@yahoo.com
Mobile No.: 09128546285
Objectives:
To be part of the firm where I can enhance the

ability and knowledge that I have for the growth
of both the company and myself
To be able to do my job, duties and
responsibilities
To be able to have a good position in your
company
To help your company to achieve their goal and
objectives

Vocational : Computer Technician (6 Months Tesda
Accredited)
Cavite City Technical and Vocational
School
(June 16 November 28, 2008)
Secondary : Francisco P. Tolentino Memorial High
School (FPTMHS)
Tolentino West Tagaytay City
(SY 2002 2006)

Primary : Ulat Elementary School
Ulat Silang, Cavite
(SY 1997 2002)
Training and Seminar Attended:

Naval Communication Electronic and Information
System Center
(October to November 28, 2008)
The Current Trends and Perspective Criminology
and Legal Aspect of Criminal Justice System
(September 21, 2013)
Pathways International(Review and Learning
Center)
Security Concerns Affecting Cruise Line
(November 15, 2014)
Special Skill:
Assembling and Disassembling of Computer
Troubleshooting of Computer
Formatting of Computer
Installing of Operating System
Personal Information:
Date of Birth : August 20, 1989

Birth Place : Silang, Cavite
Age : 27 years old
Weight : 57 kls
Height : 54
References:
Mr. Godofredo Godo Fajardo

Kaliman-Chief Instructor
09993678545/09276131855
Mr. Johnsen Ramos

Computer Technician
09359699046
P/Insp. Braulio Basco(RET)

Instructor (EARIST)
09267403580
I do hereby that the above statement is true and
correct upon the best of my knowledge and beliefs.
____________________
Louie Genn R. Vargas

Master Louie

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Eulogio Amang Rodriguez

Institute of Science and Technology

The Problem and Its Background

Countries all over the world created laws, which

protect the welfare and rights of the oppressed and the

weak people particularly the children who are considered

vulnerable in our society. They are exposed to the

different activities with no distinctions between good or

bad, lawful or not, moral or immoral.

Children have little capacity to protect themselves

against violence, physical and verbal abuse, psychological

torture, and discrimination in the society. The family as

the smallest unit of society, which its primordial goal is

to protect its members against possible harm and raise

their children with good conduct in preparation to the role

they will play in the society. Broken family leads the

children to do something for them in order to survive. In

the absence of the family who will nurtures the children,

the chaotic situation of the society welcome to influence

young mind. Homeless children with broken family considered

the street as their living place.

The problems of street children and juvenile

delinquents are much related, social problems. To survive

in the street you almost have to become delinquent. Exposed

to criminal elements these children are vulnerable to

prostitution, drug addiction and pushing and commission of

crimes. Most street children have become juvenile

delinquents either out of necessity (because they are poor)

or through force (because of the syndicates). Young people

in the street are also criminalized and stigmatized for no

obvious crime committed. So many times the streets were

cleaned up at the start of the tourist season and as a

consequence many street children were jailed because of

House Bill 002 authored by Alvarez and Congressman

Fredenil Castro propose to revise the Juvenile Justice and

Welfare Act of 2006 earlier amended by R.A 10630 authored

by Senator Francis Pangilinan and seek to lower the age of

criminal liability from 15 to 9 years old the rational

minors these years already have discernment of inter access

in internet and digital media besides the age of criminal

liability is raised to 15 minors are exploited.

The said bill seems to exempt on the criminal liability

of minors ages 9 years and below but they will be subjected

to social intervention but if their ages in the time of the

commission of an offense they will be subjective also too

social intervention. And if they have proven that they

committed an offense with full discernment in which case

thus not mean automatic exemption from civil liability.

On October 3, 2013 President Benigno Aquino III signed

into law Republic Act No.10630 An Act Strengthening the

Juvenile Justice System in the Philippines amending for

the purpose Republic Act No. 9344 otherwise known as the

Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006. This law deals

with the right and protection of children at risk and

children in conflict with the law.

An immediate effect of this law is to exempt from

criminal liability a child above fifteen (15) years but

below eighteen (18) years of age and subjected to an

intervention program pursuant to section 20 of this act.

The exemption from criminal liability herein established

does not include exemption from civil liability, which

shall be enforced in accordance with existing law.

But the law, even as it protects the best interest of

the children has its drawback. Children offenders have been